Evening Star Newspaper, September 29, 1929, Page 43

| E | dito;ial NPage Reviews of Books Part 2—-8 Pages REAL LOBBYISTS IN CAPITAL SELDOM GET IN SPOTLIGHT Hint of Undersurface Conditions Comes to Public in Cases Like the Shearer Investigation. BY MARK SULLIVAN. HE case of Shearer and the ship- builders has caused much talk and much print about lobbyists, | E7¢% propaganda and similar agencles for getting the Government to do what private interests want—or, as in the case of Shearer, preventing gov- ernments from doing what private in- terests don't want, ¢ That is a limited @efinition. Much propaganda is devoted to causing the people generally to think what private interests want them to think, or caus- ing the public to want what private interests want them to want. If this article were to include both #ace definitions, it could not touch the | i, #urface. No article and no issue of a mewspaper and hardly even a bound volume of a newspaper would be enough to tell a fraction of the story of lobby- ing and propaganda, if both those defl- nitions were included. Even if the definition be limited to lobbyists and propagandists who aim at Government action of one kind or another, the subject is still enormous. Mr. Frank Kent of the Baltimore Sun some time ago printed a list of the lobbyists and lobbying organizations in ‘Washington. The list made a column |the and s half. But Mr. Kent printed only those that had their names and their businesses on their office doors, or in the telephone book. Those are only a fraction of the whole and the most innocuous fraction. The greater num- ber of the lobbyists and propagandists —and these are the most efflective ones—either do not set out their busi- nesses on their office doors or else they describe their business as something dif- ferent from what it is. Shearer, it is safe to say, did not paint on any door in Washington or New York or Geneva, and did not print in any telephone book in any guage any such words as “agent for shipbuilding companies,” nor did he describe his occupation as “preventer of international agreement.” | ed, How Public Finds Out. !.nbbycleng and propaganda are rarely announ as such. Rarely does.any letter head or office door tell who pays the bills, Only through such an inci- dent as the Shearer one does the public get a “look in.” The shipbuilding companies hired Shearer. They paid him what, presum- ably, they thought was right. Shearer didn’t think it was enough. He sued e more. By that suit, and only by that #uit, did the public get its infrequent D. < Yet the number of lobbyists and propagandists is enormous. They fluence or determine the outcome of a far larger number of public events than is ever imagined by the public; more than is realized by even the closest ob- servers. So numerous are the agencles for bringing about results desired by private interest, and so frequently are they successful that one who has watched the flow of events for a long time is tempted to become dublous about the whole implication of the |, phrase “the will of the people.” do the people consciou: “will” any- thing. More often the g::ple accep! things after they have n “willed” by somebody else, somebody else who put money and time and work and shrewdness into bringing about the thing that he wanted. So commonly is a private interest to be found behind a public event that it was once remarked —by a man who in his lifetime had unearthed many such private interests behind the scenes—that “the public hasn’t got a Chinaman’s chance.” ‘The revelations about Shearer and naval armament are an example of lob- bying and propaganda for an excep- tionally dubious purpose. Only in the degree of its dubiousness does such a case differ from scores that have been revealed in recent months and years. A public utility magnate in Chicago contributed more than $200,000 to the campaign fund of a public official who was supposed to regulate public utili- tles. The purpose was to clevate this official to the United States Senate. this candidate had won his seat in the Senate would he have been a champion for the public or a lobbyist for the utilities? Allied power interests hired lecturers, gave fees to college teachers and bought o with the D“W"“nm“m takable some cases, presum others—of _influencing _public _opinion against public ownership of utilities. In Pennsylvania there is a tax law which may fairly be described as fa- voring manufacturing as against farm- ing. A Penasylvania manufacturer contributed more than $200,000 to de- feat a candidate for governor who would try to change the law. This same manufacturer, as it happens, has spent most of the time in Washington lately. Common talk describes him as the principal lobbyist in behalf of man- ufacturing interests in the pending tariff bill. 400 Washington Lobbyists. Mr. L. C. Speers, writing in the New York Times, estimates the number of lobbyists in Washington at 400. Mr. Speers must have had in mind a pretty limited definition. By a wider defini- tion, the number of lobbyists and prop- agandists -in Wi glon is much ter than the number of newspaper correspondents. It is greater than the number of Representatives and Sena- tors combined. If all the lobbyists and propagandists in Washington should form a union they could detail one lob- byist to stay with each Congressman day and night—and have enough left to detail one lobbyist to each new: duity. without e: ration, that if all the lobbyists and pi indists were to leave Washington the empty offices and empty hotel rooms would make a glar- g gash across the prosperity of the Capital. If we make the definition broad enough, propaganda and lobbying is one of Wi 's principal industries. It would include a good many lawyers in Washington and elsewhere, because the function of lobbyist and propa- gandist frequently overlaps on that of lawyer. ‘Not always is a lawyer em- Preunfln‘m view to his tal- a Very often a lawyer is employed for his ability to get the case favorably before public, or because of his familiarity with Government departments, or be- cause of his personal_ relations with Government officials. If this t) of legal service be included, the lobbyists and proj ndists employed in Wash- ington are probably as numerous as the lawyers in the stricter sense. Lawyers From Other Parts. Some of the most successful lawyers in Washington came here originally either as members of Congress or as officeholders of some other sort. A young lawyer in a distant part of the country gets himself elected to Con- gress or he gets an appointment in a Government department. He remains 10 years, 20 years. Then he is defeat- , or, feeling the need of better for- tune for the sake of a growing family, he retires. Does he go back to the dis- tant county seat from which he came, where the annual income of the leader of the bar may be less than $5000 a year net? As a rule he does not. He puts out his shingle in Washington. In many cases he practices legitimate law in the most strictly timate way. But he has been out practice for many years. As a practitioner, in the strict sense, he is at a disadvantage, compared to men who have remained active in the courts. But the ex-Con- gressman or ex-officeholder knows the routine of Government departments. He knows the personnel of’ Government departments. There lles his advantage. Some of these lawyers lobby. Others do not. Some of them practice in a way in which the strictly legal function merges indistinguishably into lobbying. If an ex-Senator uses his privilege to pear on t'l.;; Senate floor, and if he man In § employ distinguished ex-Representative or ex- Senator to press for a pardon, or for other form of leniency or advantage, it might reasonably be assumed that the client relies no less on his lawyer's legal ability than on his acquaintance with public officials. Reporters Not Lobbyists. No newspaper man In Wi can be a lobbyist and remain a news- paper man. The rule rigid and is enforced ruthlessly. There are about 350 Washington correspondents. Before any of them is admitted to the press gallery. of either the Senate or House he must sign s pledge. The pledge is official. It is addressed to the Speaker of the House and the Senate commit- tee on rules. The pledge reads, in part, = r!ollon: t ed in the prosecution “I am not engag e of any claim pending before the Con- gress or any department. I am not em- ployed * * * by any foreign governi I¢ | ment or any representative thereof. am not employed directly or indirectly by any stock exchange, board of trade or other organization or member there- of, or brokerage house or broker en- gaged in the buying and selling of any security or commodity, or by any per- come ga; retaining membership in the gallery.” Infractions of that pledge are inter- preted with extreme strictness and are penalized ruthlessly. Some newspaper men give up their newspaper connec- tions and become publicity men of one sort or another. The o] itles to do so u;hmny and "hl:llllltlm:::to‘: great. e pay & publicity propagandist may get is inany times the average pay of newspaper men. Many propagandists become wealthy. One of the most tly to be desired conditions in the United States-is that newspaper men should receive better o pay. : 1In an ideal newspaper, and especially in an ideal book MF!:HW. the word “nappen” ought never to be used, except (Continued on Fourth Page.) Postal Guide Reveals Nationality, Culture |} And Events in Explaining Town ‘Names 1f you are delving into the pedigree of & é"wn or region in the United States study the place names and you find out much about the character and ties of the early settlers. Prof. R. H. Whitbeck of the University of Wisconsin phy department illustrated in a recent talk to Summer | tice. students how to read a town's palm by 2 ames often reveal the nationality ot early lemea g in '.h:, -‘1’1” c:;l D;l;fih ames in t! udson Valley, the reli- % us affliations~as indicated by the ‘wherever Catholic explorers and mis- sionaries went, the political and indus- trial condition as in New England, where_village and town life supplanted rural life. . Stady of Names. landers gave their shows also the stron, England and the e mg character ing the names. names are neither ror esque, but txuz have quality, Prof. Whit 3 Some _classicist in the land office in the early days of New York imposed upon the many of that State dozens of names which go back to Greek and Roman_times. Utica, Troy, Syracuse, Rome, Palmyra, Ithaca, Aurelius, Attica and Aristole are samples of this col- lection. New Jersey has many cool and balmy riames which should convince the skep- tic that the State seeks to attract com- lence of culture . The ‘The large German elemen! tlers of Pennsylvania is will | burgs or bergs, usually added to fimflf ’n‘fii type ;: l‘l!l“l:l,fi becom:: Tosa comunon toward, the. West, which is less influenced by the European prac- Virginia has long been an agricultural gt el ks 52 of at con wmnh" wt;w farm are g:ulrflly drawn. about 40 the word “mill, and others ending in “station,” “ferry,” “wharf” and “depot.” £588 i I o - EDITORIAL SECTION- The Samday Star. WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 29, 1929. Is Lawrence in Palestine? Mys!eri_ofis Briton May Be at Work Among Arabs Again in Trying to i!ring Peace to Holy Land BY LOWELL THOMAS. IOTS and raids in Palestine, Moslems clamoring for another holy war, Bedouins swooping down on villages in the night and then vanishing into the desert haze. And again we have the usual crop of wild rumors about the probable movements of the legended Col. T. E. Lawrence, who during the World War .led the Arabs in their way or other, and probably is—but not in the way-the public imagines. Britain has extensive and intricate contacts with the Moslem world, and Lawrence, romantic figure and expert authority, is universally supposed to be Britain’s favored emissary among the true believers. Nor is this surprising, for since the World War Lawrence has turned up unexpectedly in Trans- jordania, Hejaz and the Yemen at various times. More recently he wds on the Afghan frontier at the time when Amli; ggmulll‘:x': moderg,ntwl: rogram archaic country cos! gim his throne. And now the Arabs have risen against the Jewish home- land in Palestine, a sanguinary episode that has held the breathless attention of the West and has inevitable deep repercussions in the East. Could He Be Kept Away? Hence the question might be asked, Lawrence be kept away from it? The are the people to whom he dedicated himself. His incredible career among them as & of Islam during the World ‘War brought him world-wide fame. One of the prime and experiences of his life was the handling of the Arab question at the Peace Conference. by inevitable logic, out of the makeshift solu- tion of the Arab problem then made follows the rioting war that has been-raging between Jews Surely it is no co- incidence that simultaneously with the reports in Palestine came Gl(u hrAil or Air Craftsman Shaw, as he now calls himself) had d. He is a man given to disappear- He lives obscurely and as far from pub- lic note s he can, and at times drops out of sight mysteripusly. Sometimes this is for per- for reasons and Arabs in Palestine. of the announcement outbreaks that Col. Lawrence disaj ances. sonal reasons and sometimes it is political. 1 can form my own guess as to what Law- rence has been doing recently in cqnnection COL. LAWRENCE, IN ARAB GARB. with the Palestinian situation. Surely no other com- plexity of world affairs could beguile him so much. He is above all a scholar and an archeologist, and the present violent quarrel between the Jews and the Arabs is one of those significant aflairs’that send the mind wandering back over the pages of momentous history. I can imagine Lawrence sitting, or squatting Arab fashion, as is his habit, his blue eyes full of dreamy musing, while he meditates upon the historical past and prospective future of that narrow strip of land, troubled for ages—the Holy Land. Indeed, there is a vast interest for any one in a review of the course of events, the spread of civilization and the march of empire that have led to the situation which now expresses iiself in truculent riots, raids, looting and killing in the land that was the birthplace and home of the Prince of Peace. gi . Uncomfortably Placed. ‘The Promised Land which Moses pointed out to the children of Israel was fair enough, a pleasant domain, but it was most awkwardly situated. It is difficult to think of another small plece of earth so uncom- fortably placed. And that phic fact gives the key to the whole history of that extraordinary race lled the Jews. ‘The cultural area in which our Western civilization grew up is a great space Could Arabs leader bitter by And from like the narrowest neck of a path fabulous mansion. ‘This strip of land was destined from the be- of lands separated from other lands; other cultural areas, by important and significant “arriers. The Central Asiatic desert and the vast Himalayan Moun- tain system and its ramifcations separate it from India and China. The deserts to the south and west of Egypt separate it from the bulk of Africa. Thus you have « huge field of culture, with different nations and different cultures interacting among one another. king for the originations of civili- zations and empires in this area you will observe two interesting points. There are two superb river systems, river valleys—those of tke Nile and the Euphrates. Each has regular floods, natural irrigation and renewal of soil, with the richest of agricultural lands. Civilizations have a way of springing up in river valleys of this sort. And 50 at the dawn of our culture you find two great civilizations and empires get- ting under way, the beginnings of our culture in the Nile Valley and in the Valley of the Euphrates. Lay Between Old Powers. Egypt and Babylonia were the two great early nations, and they contended and fought with each other for domina- tion and power. The road that lay between these two mighty states, the route by which they would attack each other - and over which they rime interest. the impassable Arabian desert. From the geographical facts of the case it had to take one inevitable course. A glance at the map will show this. From Babylon the track led north, up the east side of the desert, then going westward, north of the desert, then southward, on the east of the desert, until it finally encountered the Isthmus of Suez, lead- ng into fabulous Egypt. cailed the fertile crescent. It is quite a narrow crescent, hemmed in by the desert on one side and by mountains or the sea on the other. the remotest antiguity for the armies of Babylon and Egypt. All peopi in the vital narrow strip of territory were likely to find themsclves the anvil. the most precariously placed. It is the narrow- est part of the road. A long, slender country, it is hemmed by desert and the Medi- terranea ‘This route is often It was the marching ground werful living between the hammer and And of all parts of it, Palestine is of n Sea, and lies at the gate of Egypt, leading to a (Continued on Eighth Page.) G. O. P. Leader In New Role BY THOMAS CARENS. HE men and women of Chat- tancoga, Tenn., have learned with considerable surprise that | . their friend and neighbor, Claudius Hart Huston, is going to settle down. For many years he been having a gay time dozen jobs at one time. going to try the experiment of con- centrating on one. in half a dozen different places and he has used airplanes, fast trains, racing automobiles and ocean greyhounds to keep his appointments. Now he is 50-4 ing to limit himself to a single of oe | in the Barr Building in Washington. | The lettering ‘'on the door of that office | informs the world that the occupant Is; the chairman of the Republican na-| tmnudc&mmltm‘ Mr. Huston has just | moved in. According to his friends, chnlrmm[ Huston responded with some misgivings to the request of President Hoover that ne take over the duties of party manage- | na:m. Not that he dislikes politics. On » ¢4 m'u lace of tremendous Te: 4 enough to keep him busy during the ‘waking hours o’} the day, which in his case average between 18 and 22. ‘Why He Picked Huston. ‘The bright ng men who tell us the whys and ,v.gg“ wherefores of things that happen in Washing have been explaining why the President, faced by the duty of selecting a new manager for the party of which he is the titular head, picked out Mr. Huston, of Chat- tanooga, Te! Some assert that Mr. impor-| that the grea bee!ed f the '3"...‘%{"1.‘ it it ne of mo Mo_can co-ordinate the activi- R!y&llfl.n “Old Guard” and Settles Down to One Job After Handling Many CLAUDIUS H. HUSTON, His Career Parallels the President's in Many Ways." Hoover was collecting laundry about the e s was g_the school in the candidacies of men whose Repub- | ang sweep'ng floors at Valparaiso, the licanism did not require analysis. But | “poor boys' college” in Indiana. Both not very long after their meeting- in | went far from home to obtain a liveli- 1921 Mr, Huston made up his mind that | hood- to Aus. some day new d would be President. Since 1923 that idea has in- icall: Mr, Huston’s he had ten- .| 'To carry the anal one step further, they are both grega: souls. Hoover likes to have a crowd around him. When re | he traveled across Europe in his' relief work during the dark days of war he was rarely alone. He liked to have the company-0f those self-sacrificing Ameri- who had rallied about him in Lon- ice, even of the newspaper co: nd- ents, who soon spotted him u"lel:embest news source in Washington. Now, as President, Hoover refuses to be lonely, as_his medicine ball sessions in the early morning, the large dinner parties at the White House and the even larger week end parties at the headwaters of the Rapidan testify. Huston is the same type of man. He cannot work, travel or even play alone. In Chattanooga or in New York his office is always overflowing with busi- ness associates, and he has the knack of transacting important business with the room full of peotgle. If his objective is the seashore or the mountains for a short holiday he is accompanied by two or more of his four charming daughters, to whom he has been mother as well as father, since the one great tragedy of his Hfe took his wife from him when bhl“bl children were little more than les. “C. H.'s” Rich Valets. If he is headed away from New York on a business or political mission he does not occupy the drawing room on the train or cabin of the air liner alone. With him will be “Bill” Hamil- ton, officer of the Guaranty Trust; Herbert Straus, executive of the biggest department store combination in the world, or Jerry Milbank. financial man of affairs. These three men like to call the day and night, a hotel in Kansas City during the trying days of a national convention or in Washington when a big political powwow is on they answered the tele- phones and the interminable knocks on the door, take messages for “C. H.” and even put ghe studs in his dress shirt so that “C. H” can make the change from blue serge to black broad- cloth without loss of time. man should try to sleep a few hours each night and that meals are neces- sary, even though they are time con- gml:l‘idswlm they preuwhu? too hagg elds long enough loosen collar and relax for 10 minutes. Like that other exponent of the strenuous life across the seas, Mussolini, he see! to get as much good out of 10 minutes’ relaxation as most men get out of a night’s sleep. - Huston can live this sort of life be- cause his wants are few. He has simpli- %hfia tlk‘n‘e to save tlm:‘ :nfin;nm n_other men are travel rerything ¢ | overalls and work for da I Financial Stocks and News Bonds WHY U. S. IS INTERESTED IN NICARAGUAN PROJECT Canal Is of Enormous Significance to World Commerce and Our National BY CHARLES C. COHAN. NCLE SAM is rolling up his sleeves preparatory to sta another - engineering proj of enormous significance to world commerce and our na- tional welfare—the construction of the Nicaraguan Canal. It is not intended' to compete with the Panama Canal, but to supplement it @8 a mighty trade route ang at the same time to provide ms with another vital channel of defense communication between the Atlantic apd Pacific. “he plan is to_connect the oceans by a Water lane 183.66 miles long, across the southern edge of Nicaragua, at an estimated cost of something like $250,- 000,000, including all faciiities and equipment. ‘The belief that it will prave a profit- able venture, aside 1rom 1us strategic and trade-promoting value, is ksed on the fact that the Panama Canal pays % per cent net annually on the '$275,- 000,000 originally invested in it. It is estimated that from 18 months to two years will be required to prelmre for actual canal construction and from six to eight years to build it, or from 8 to 10 years from now to complete it if the project goes through uninter- rugr:dly. fore canal work is started harbors must be built at the terminals, one at Greytown (Juan del Norte) on the east coast and the other at Brito on the west coast. Other extensive rrovlslons must be made to handle supplies and provide for the welfare of the army of workmen en; 'd in the project. Almost 100 miles of railroad are contemplated from the east coast inward for construction purposes. Maj. Gross in Charge. Maj. C. P. Gross, for the last two years United States engineer for the Los Angeles district, has been named to head the Army engineers’ battalion that will make a survey of the Nicara- guan route, and it is on this study that the Nicaraguan Canal Commission ap- rol.nud by President Hoover will make its recommendations. Maj. Gross is in ‘Wasl] to devote a month's study to the project before he goes to Nica- ragua. ‘The route to be studied was mapped out practically in the Federal plans of 1901, based on a survey made in 1899. The 1901 plans carry an estimate of $189,864,062 for the entiie project, but it is belleved that under present condi- tions the cost will be considerably higher, though much in tha$ connection reference e modifications or additions. The fact that a survey exists on which Maj. Gross wili hese his study dues not mean that he and bis men wiil find a cleared and easy course awaiting them along the projected route. The present means of transportation from |the east coast is up the densely en- jungled San Juan River. And when they come to build their construction railroad and do their route-survey work +| they will have to battle their way across great swamps and machete their path through t;l.zrled Jungle, for, as an lps%th mian Ca Commission report suc- cinctly ‘states, “there are few places where a transit line can be run 50 feet without cutting out a line of sight.” Aviation will play its important part, and soon after the American peace- zl:‘:‘en 'e;n:;;m-d:eru a‘fi-l;; there a well Toute wi ma out between the terminals. v To Expedite Shipping. ‘The importance of the Nicaraguan Canal to American shipping ln'.e?els's is seen in the fact that it will mean & saving of more than a day's sailing time between our Eastern and Western coasts. This is due to its nearer loca- tion than the Panama Canal to Amer- ican territory, thereby more than off- setting the Panama route’s shorter length of 49.09 miles. A similar saving of time also is indicated for shipping between Northern European points and our West Coast. Some authorities maintain that the Panama Canal, with its two locks abreast, can handle its busin expe- ditiously for the next 10 years. dam now is being constructed for the Pan- ama Canal to help locking-through for a 24-hour period. Definite plans have been made for a third lock, at a cost of $50,000,000, which will make a three-lane canal and materially expand the shipping facilities of this waterway for years to come. This construction yet to be authorized by Congress, and there is a probability that the Nicaraguan Canal be built before téu t.;nrfl lock is added to the Panama ‘anal. From the east coast the present Nicaraguan Canal route follows the general line of the San Juan River for 95.81 miles, then cuts through Lake Nicaragua for 70.51 miles, and thence Welfare. through the west divide to the Pacific, a distance of about 17.34 miles. The western end, from the lake to the Pa- cific, is in favorable territory, being easy of access and having a railroad line as far as the lake. Much of the side east of the lake is swamp and jungle, though there are some rolling uplands and timbered hills. Difficult Falls to Overcome. The lake's level is about 110 feet high and most of the difficult falls in the river are in the stream’s upper third. To raise the waterway from the east up to the lake level, the 1901 | plans specify four twin locks each one- fifth of a mile long, the upper part of the river to be canalized by the construction of a dam, 1,271 feet in total length, at Conchuda, to extend the iske leve! down the river, sub- merging the stream for 49.64 miles. These locks are located in a canal stretch of 30.48 miles, exclusive of the lock lengths, below this extended lake level. This means something like 50 miles of ditch-digging for the entire stretch of canal controlled by the four locks, with at least 30 miles of the canal, from the east coast in, through swampy territory. ‘Whether the final plan will be for three locks instead of four, or will in- clude other material changes n this length of canal, will be determined by the survey about to be made. The deepest cut necessary in this canal-digging east of that part of the river to be submerged by the Conchuda dam is through the Tamborcita ridge and is intended to have a depth of 297 feet with a base 3,000 feet long, according to the present plan. East of this cut one of somewhat less depth is specified. On the Pacific divide side the deep- est cut is specified at 87 feet, with a base of more than 3 miles, mostly through rock. Four locks, each a fifth of a mile in length, in a canal stretch of 6.30 miles, exclusive of lock lengths, are indicated west of Lake Micarsara. Following the Course. ‘The general trend of the canal route, which is north of the San Juan River, is in a southwesterly direction for ap- proximately half the distance to Lake Nicaragua, after which it is somewhat northwesterly to the lake and similarly across the lake, thence southwesterly again to the Pacific. Starting at Greytown, the course crossed the San Juanillo and thence through the low, swampy locality abut- ting the Rio Misterioso. The region there is covered in places with coarse swamp grass or silico palms, and in other sections is heavily timbered, the surface being a little above sea level. The first lock is 9.59 miles from the entrance to the harbor. It is based on rock and is designed to have a lift of 36.5 feet above mean low tide. It is 10.98 miles to the second lock, and the way encounters swampy_territory, though in the Rio Negro Valley the route is through some hills. Leaving the second lock, which is located in the Negro Hills, and emerg- ing from the Rio Negro Valley near this lock, the route for 16.75 miles to the third lock is back of the Serapiqui Hills, and here is more than a mile from the San Juan River. A little farther west the line crosses the Tam- borcito Ridge and then, at short in- tervals, the Tambor Grande and San Francisco Ridges. While the topography in the vicinity of the entire route is described as “generally rough,” it is said that “the hills, as a rule, do not attain a great height, but they are usually steep and bunched together, with areas of swamp or low flats about them.” For the next 2.77 miles to the fourth lock the course is down the valley of Embankment Creek, and 1,700 feet from the mouth of this stream it crosses some hills and the Machado. West of the fourth lock the next route section, 5.3 miles, is through rough, hilly -territory, where deep cutting is specified, and then enters the San Juan River at a point 46.17 miles from the Caribbean Sea. The upper end of this section is 3.3 miles, via the submerged river, from the Conchuda Dam site. From Lake Nicaragua. Entering Lake Nicaragua at Fort San Carlos, by the submerged river section, the route is somewhat southward of the Balsillas Islands and north of the So- lentiname group and leaves the west side of the lake near the mouth of the Rio Las Lajas, following that stream and crossing it four times in a stretch of 11, miles. Thereafter it follows the general course of the Guiscoyol, a small tributary, on a gradual rise to the con- {,lx')‘:ntll divide about 5 miles from the ake. ‘The route then is along the valley of the Espinol to the Rio Grande, whose ~ (Continued on Fourth Page.) Japan Forges Ahead (Copyright. 1929, Chicago Dally News.) Japan is making industrial progress and in 10 years her factories and other means of distributing goods will attain a standard of efficiency equal to that of any western nation, in the opinion of Tokugoro Nakabashi, the minister for commerce and industry. He has made a study of the economic situation and is ready to refute those who say that conditions in this line are going from to worse and that as a nation Japan cannot hope for any benefits from her industry. Efficiency in production is what the country needs, in his opinlon, and when the major wastes have been done away with Japan will be able to com- pete much more favorably with other countries because she will still have a labor supply which will be a great deal cheaper. ‘Unemployment Real Problem. the industrial situation increasing unemploy- the better edu- which can- student. Men bl to don In analyzing |in" Japan, the | ment, especially among cated classes, iS sol not fail to impress the llege training are gt y 5 from loring this situation, Mr. Naka- whld:lpy!l that it is one of the favor- to | 8ble_points in Japan's economic state. an order of chicken hash and two fresh vegetables. At some of the ho- Felar with this “Huston dinner.” and they serve it without “othering fo ask. Moderate in All Things. oderaiton in all thi except in umhnheenl-lm'unflzat “We_ need intelligent labor to in- crease our efficiency in minister declared. ! regarded as a sign that we are im- proving all the and that even- b ‘we will be so organized that this industrial cancer will be removed en- the captains are fa-| tirely. Japanese manufacturers in all lines are striving to cut their costs of pro- g that this is the oV 2 et e which af 80 eenly with countries of the west. the | should be com Far | nations of as Industrial Nation, With Officials Optimistic Over Future not take their places equally among similar enterprises in other countries. Since ‘1920 the government steel works at Edamitsu, to take a typical example, have cut from 4.45 tons to 240 tons the amount of coal needed to produce one ton of steel. During the same time the entire cost of pro- duction of a ton of steel in the same works has been reduced from $110 to about $67. This compares favorably with a cost of $50, or slightly less, in the United States and Germany. Another indication of increased ac- tivity along industrial lines is the in- cyease in the number of applications Im patents for mechanical and other devices. An official of this bureau, when asked as to the general quality of the ideas which are submitted, said thét they were remarkably high and that the increase did not consist mere- ly in a large number of propositions which were entirely useless. The total number of applications for patents g'\)lrolé':,l last year was slightly more than ‘The present economic condition of the country is not one which will stand parison with the most prosperous the world, but the opti- mism shown by leaders in various walks of 'leflde does not seem to be unwar- ranted. Earthquake Still Felt. ‘The country suffered g severe shock from the earthquake cf 1923. This, to- gether with the financial panic of 1927 partly brought on by the earth- quake and partly by other economic ills, are things which the country has yet _to recover from completely. . The principal basis for hope in the future is the inherent love of work of the people and their characteristic way of to a thing until it is done, so long u;heym convinced that it lone. No unbiased observer feels for a mo- ment that Japan is not convinced of the neu-ityle o‘! buck'lhu 'down ‘?: bulldiqn stable foundations for greaf %flafir and commercial develop~ y