Evening Star Newspaper, August 9, 1929, Page 3

LAX ENFORCEMENT BLAMED ONAGENTS Mrs. Willebrandt Advocates Training System for Dry Officers. (Continued From First Page.) Outrages against law-abiding citizens which have inflamed the public mind and done more harm to orderly en- forcement than anything else, in most instances, I belleve, have been the re- sult of lack of intelligence, or lack of training, rather than any criminal in- tent on the part of the agents. It is unfair to the agent himself to take a young, impulsive fellow and give him a gun, saying, “Now bring us in bootleggers.” I well remember the pitiful fright of a 22-year-old youth who was sent on his first case with some older agents to a bad spot on the water front. They attempted to arrest some foreigners who threatened them. The youthful agent was terrified. He began shooting wildly. An Italian bystander was wounded. The agent was arrested. He and his mother came to my office begging the protection of the Federal Government. He was wrong. I couldn’t legally defend his official conduct. But who was to blame—that poor, frightened vear-old boy, with his life ruined, facing a trial for assault with intent to kill in & hostile state—or the politically strangled higher-ups who turned him | loose with no preparation except a gun he didn’t know when nor how to use? The first civil service weeding result- ed in retaining far more well meaning but “dumb” men than those who were actually corrupt. The force has always needed, and still needs, systematic and extended training on such subjects as how to legally gather sufficient evidence, when papers can be seized, when a de- fendant should be put under arrest, what facts justify the issuance of a search warrant, and under what cir- cumstances an agent is justified in shooting. There are, of course, many other subjects on which instructions should be given before a prohibition agent is allowed to exercise authority. Plan Finally Died. 1 worked hopefully with the training- #chool plan for months, but eventually it died in the mire of interdepart- mental differences of opinion, division of authority and responsibility, and po- litical interference with policies. The net results were just newspaper head- lines that all prohibition directors would call in agents and give them four days’ training! In the last year some steps have been taken to train special agents who work under the Assistant Prohibi- tion Administrator Oftedal, but that has not been extended to enough of the force to say yet that agents receive any real training such as is given in other investigation services like the special intelligence unit of the Treasury, in- spectors of the Post Office Department, and Bureau of Investigation men of the Department of Justice. ‘To place on the rank and file of prohibition agents all the blame for past and present unsatisfactory condi- tions would be wrong. The responsibil- ity must be placed where it belongs— higher up. It will take many a day for law en- forcement to recover from the setback it suffered from Gen. Lincoln C. An- drews. I recognize that many people believe Gen. Andrews to have been a martyr to the prohibition cause. He multiplied publicity: he created a pub- lic psychology in his own favor; but shortly after his appointment as “Gen- eralissimo of Prohibition,” as he styled himself, he began to put in office men who were temperamentally and in every other way unfitted for the task to which he assigned them. Two of his most notorious appointments were Ros- coe Harper, later tried for conspiracy to issue illegal alcohol permits at Buf- falo, and Prank Hale. To the latter Gen. Andrews gave unlimited control of the alcohol output in the whole New York territory. Hale had been in the service before and had been suspended by the Commissioner of Internal Reve- nue after I had stated on four different occasions that I would not direct any United States attorney to conduct a prosecution on evidence he gathered, because of his unreliability. This opin- ion was based on facts reported from our field officers, now a part of official files, and later given to a senatorial committee. Hale Called “Sojer.” Soon after Gen. Andrews assumed office in the Tresury Department, J. N. Chamberlain of Atlantic City, his close personal friend, took an unusual inter- est in the difficult district of New Jer- sey. Chamberlain wrote Gen. Andrews to appoint Hale, because, he said, “Hal2 is agood ‘sojer,’ nuff said.” Camberlain died suddenly. In the process of the administration of his estate .his safety deposit box was found to contain huge sums in cash. Its source has never been traced. Another one of Gen. Andrews’ grand flourishing appointees who Teft 4 de- vastating trail on_prohibition enforce- ment is Maj. Walton Green. Maj. Green was made chief investigating of- ficer, though his past record had been ong of opposition to prohibition. Th2 fact is that Maj. Green was a writer and not an enforcement officer. As an enforcement executive he was sartorial perfection! He spnt much time in as- sembling materfal which he carried out of office with him and which has been used in preparing articles of a profit- SPECIAL NOTICES. GUR ONE JOB I8 TG MOVE Y Vith care, consideration and lov- cost a9 from any point within one thousand miles. ‘Tell us your problem and we'll tell you how much 1t will cost and how 1 Rationat ‘Delivers ‘Ass'n. Inc Main’ 100 - LONG - DISTANCE MOVING — W been keeping faith with th Dibiic ‘nes & STORAGE CO. o 1 WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY el TRVING GONDEN Ho ™ ek hed): / Creek. Church road; Washingto . FALLS CHURCH ORCHARDS. 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To NEW YORK CITY To PHILADELPHIA . :HILADILPHXA N » A YORK CITY . | . 9 Return-load rates to y distant eity guaranteed on 10 days’ notice. 'TES STORAGE D GTA 1o 418 10th Bt N.W. _ Meironol INC.. n_1345. 8.0 able nature that have had wide circu- lation. But much of the information furnished by Maj. Green's investigators was of the stuff of fairy tales. And though, as I have pointed out, Maj. Green had no adequate past training or experience qualifying him to make generalizations on the way to succeed in assembling evidence to enforce pro- hibition, his repeated inferences that “it can’t be enforced” have carried weight simply because he held so high an official position. The psychological Jdamage he has done this country by constantly presenting a distorted and unreliable picture of the whole enforce- ment problem is a big factor in present pu;lllunnpe&!lmilm on the subject of pro- Col. Green Appointment. Another appointment of Gen. Andrews was another military man named Green. This one was Col. Ned M. Green, who served as prohibition director in San | Francisco. He was an old Army friend of Gen. Andrews, and publicly boasted of being a “sport” and a hard drinker. That was his outstanding qualification for so important a post. He was indicted and tried on the charge of unlawful di- version of Government property which came into the possession of agents working’ under him. A jury acquitted him. After his acquittal, Gen. Andrews recommended that Col. Green be re- instated, given back pay, and that the Government pay his expenses for a trip to Washington! But David H. Blair, then Commis- sioner of Internal Revenue, saved the Government honor by stopping such a proceeding. He called Gen. Andrews’ attention to the flatly contradictory statements Col. Ned Green had made at various times under- oath as to il- legal use and possession of intoxicants, his frank admission of misapropriating | contrabrand liquor and concluded his rebuke to the general by stating: “I cannot bring myself to believe that we ought now to put our stamp of approval on such conduct just because { Col. Green happens to be acquitted in | & criminal case.” These illustrations show that the harm that has been done to the cause jof effective prohibition enforcement is | not properly attributable to the men 1n | the lower rank.’ They have lacked | training and judgment and many have gone to the “bad.” But prohibition has been dealt its hardest blows by those at | the head or near the head of the en- forcement organization. Recalls Early Letter. I am not saying something now that I did not dare to say before. The fact is that I wrote regarding Gen. An- drews’ appointments to the Attorney General on August 2, 1926, three years ago, as follows: | "I feel that before this Republican | administration faces another campaign, { something must be done abcut tae | prohibition situation throughout the country. It is now marked by such in- efliciency and lack of training that tne | public is losing confidence in the sin- cerity of effort. In my judgment, fail- ure to succeed in as high a degree of cnforcement as one might wish will | never be fatal to any administration; | but continuing to place the reins of re- sponsibility in those exhibiting hopeless | {1ack of training will prove unexplain- | able. | T have already said that the shooting {and maining of innocent people is in- excusable. But even more inexcusable, {and criminal, in my juds | incompetence of “chiefs” who piace au- | thority and weapons in the hands of | untrained, unfit men, many of whom have been given their jobs merely as a reward for pefty political service. The mere fact that there is now pro- vision in law for civil service examina- tion to govern appointments will not cure the sore. While standards have | been improved, they ought to be raised |and the tests made more practical so | as to bring to the prohibition service | {men of the same high caliber as the | postal inspectors, the special intelligence service of the Treasury Department, the | Bureau of Investigation of the Depart- ment of Justice and the secret service. | Those services have been getting the ! right kind of men for years, and they have trained their men intensively and | effectively. United States attorneys all | | testify to the quality of evidence they | | assemble. T refuse to believe that it is impossible to find 4,000 honest men in the United States with the basic char- acter and intelligence to gather proper and dignified evidence for prohibition enforcement_and prosecution. I refuse to believe that out of our 100,000,000 population and perhaps 20,000,000 who believe in prohibition, 4,000 can't be found who can't be bought! I know a pride of service must be developed. It is sprouting in the small group of spe- cial agents under Alf Oftedal and in the districts of some of the able admin- istrators. It ought to be further nur- tured. ‘The prohibition law can and will be properly and effectively enforced. Cour- age, vigor, intelligence and experience must begin at the top and spread down. Until then the country will continue to be influenced against prohibition by the acts of incompetent agents. But think- ing people ought to quit blaming the “end men.” (Copyright, 1929, by Current News Peatures, (“Are the Cities Hopelessly Wet?” 1s Mrs. Willebrandt's Next Topic.) CRUELTY IS CHARGED | T0 JOYCE IN SUIT Peggy Hopkins’ Third Husband Is Sued by His Second Wife. By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, August 9.—James Stan- ley Joyce, the third of Peggy Hopkins Joyce’s millionaire husbands, was sued for divorce yesterday by his second wife, the former Mrs. R, N. Vail of New York. As in his first divorce, the bill charges cruelty. Joyce and his second wife were mar- ried November 20, 1926, five years after his marriage to the former Peggy Hop- kins had been dissolved. The first marriage lasted a little over a year. The second Mrs. Joyce charges that Joyce's- cruelty began when they were on their honeymoon in Nice, France. Joyce struck here then, she charges, and a few months later, in Paris, he kicked her on the ankles and struck her on the back while they were eat- ing in a cafe. Other cruelties listed in the bill in- clude: Throwing drinks in her face, throwing her across a dance floor and spanking her with wooden sandals at parties, at Miami, Fla.; lighting a match to her lips, burning them and lea: permanent scar; throwing food in her face at a restaurant in Louisville. LAKE DIVERSION APPEAL TO HOOVER IS PLANNED Chicago Sanitary District Trustees in Memorial Will Deny Profit in Plant Operation. By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, August 9.—Trustees of the Chicago sanitary district yesterday voted to carry their appeal to Presiden Hoover in their litigation for a permit to ool;‘u&u diversion th:‘ ‘water tron; Lake igan over opposition of six _nearby lake States. ‘The complaining States recently sub- 8| jail became & perquisite of the sheriff ' THE EVENING U. . FARM AGENCY DECLARED BURDEN Speaker Calls Agriclj!ture De- partment “Infliction” “Upon People. - BY THOMAS R. HENRY, Staft Correspondent ot The Star. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, August 9.—The United States Department of Agriculture was denouiced as “just an- other of the inflictions upon country people which explolt them of their sons and daughters and lay upon them & burden too heavy to be borne” by Dr. Warren H. Wilson of the Presby- terian board of home missions, speak- ing before the Institute of Public Af- fairs here last night. The attack was made in the course of Dr. Wilson’s address on the decline of the rural churches during the past 20 years, This was due in large part, he held, to the economic plight of the farmers, “The Secretary of the department,” he said, “always speaks the voice of business. The chief policy for these two decades has been to demand that the farmer produce for the manufac- turer to consume more and more prod- ucts -that will come in cheap to the cities. It is not an exaggeration to say that the present surplus of farm products is the undesired result of this persistent policy. If we had in Wash- ington a farmers' department we would not have this present outery. H Criticizes Teaching. “Speaking for the churches, what help have the national and State de- partments rendered to country people in . understanding evolution?” Their thousands of extension agents have ! taught farmers how to cull hens, how to make a bonnet, how to breed cat- tle, how to select seeds, but they have been silent as to the doctrine, which they all believe, that underlies breeding and selection. ' After 60 years of their teaching, in every county of the Union, the religious people living in country places were led by fanatics and per- secutors into a controversy essentially sclentific about the doctrine of evolu- tion. Why had not the teaching of the evolutionists who travel out from the national and State departments forestalled this? Because they teach farmers not to think, but to make money. “They interpret agriculture in terms of trade and commerce. The farmer was denied the intellectual awakening that the universities have had, and the departments have not gained his con- fidence because they have tried to make him what he knows he cannot be—a commercial success. The farmer would fain understand his own occupation and he is given by the Government de- partments an interpretation of the ways of life of his competitors. He would worship God after his own manner and he is given no large thoughts, such as stir the imagination of his teachings, but exhortation to profit, which he well knows is not likely to come to him. “The present condition of distrac- tion and depletion of the country churches is no more than a measure of effects produced in this country by the expioitation of farmers by the na- tional government and their neglect or oppression by State governments.” Appeals to Churches. Mr. Wilson appealed to the national organizations of the larger churches to | enable educated men adequately sup- ported to fill country pulpits. He de- plored the condition in which the older denominations were dropping out and in which “new denominations were forming overnight.” “New exhorters ordain themselves,”. he said,."because no one else will, to denounce the Baptists and the Meth- odists, and farmers’ wives fall stricken in abandoned meeting houses and roll on the floor in conviction of the truth of the gospel, in anguish over the theo- logical sins of others. That is hopeful, though it is shocking. It is evidence ‘country people have Tecognized Christianity on a basis of utilit They ‘get religion’ and it ‘comforts’ them. American rural religion has little arrangement for God, and is organized on the principle of its usefulness and acceptance by man. It is a series of cults of which it can be sald with some truth that they con- stitute_man-worship.” ! Dr. Wilson urged a new system of religious education for rural communi- | ties which will “teach the discard of | moral control for tolerance, It will have no long years in school to win the, scholar away from his home and his| community, but the courses of not more than six months in which the scholar will think upon his inherited social order. Scholars’ Aid Needed. “It cannot advance without the help of the scholar and sclentific worker. The dally life of the people who live on the land is filled with wonders, or else it is stupefled with superstitions or dulled with indifferences. Only an intelligent. rural pastorate can keen the | idols, the ghosts, the totems and the little demons out. Something bigger than nature study and more intellectual than Boy Scouts is required. If it is true that the modern farmer must be ! scientific, it follows that the country church must interpret physical and bi- ological science that he may have a faith suitable to his occupation.” ‘The thousands of city police stations and village lock-ups are the most pro- lific .crime-breeders, Dr. Hastings H. Hart of the Russell Sage Foundation told the round table on law enforcement yesterday. “Most of them,” he said, “are badly lighted poorly ventilated and vermin- infested. They are used not only for the confinement of persons arrested for offenses against the law, but also as lodging places for tramps and vagrants. In many of them it is customary to con. fine from 3 to 12 in a single room. Often the bedding is ragged, dirty and vermin-infested. They are the greatest crime breeders, because they receive the chiminal in the earliest stages of his career and they handle more inmates than all of the other prisons combined.” The county jail is little better, Dr. Hart said. “The atmosphere is vile,” he said, “and the surroundings are degrad- . ‘The great majority who are sent to jail infallibly come out worse than when they go in. The United States Jail system was modeled 200 years ago after the British system, whereby the and was used to promote his personal interests. This vicious system was aban- doned in England many years ago, but still prevails throughout the United States.’ Addicts’ Influence. Overcrowding in Atlanta and Leaven- worth, sald Dr. Hart, is 127 per cent above the normal capacity, the situation being complicated by the presence of drug addicts who are unable to work, complicate discipline and promote law- lessness because of the constant effort to_introduce drugs. Mr. Hart advocated solitary confine- STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, AUGUST ;9, 1929. 'MISS ELINOR SMITH BRINGS AVIATION MEDALS TO D. C. Former Holder of Women’s Endurance Flight Record Lands at Naval Station. Unable to Deliver Awards to President, Girl Aviator Takes Off for Wilmington, Del. Taking off from New Yrk early yes- terday afternoon, Miss Elinor Smith, 17- year-old holder of the flight endurance record for women, landed her plane at the Naval Air Station 2 hours and 15 minutes later, carrying the 12 Harmon ‘Trophy medals brought to this country on the Graf Zeppelin, which will be awarded to the dozen outstanding fig- ures in national aviation during the past year by the Ligue Internationale Des Aviateurs. «The medals were to have been given by Miss Smith to President Hoover for distribution, but learning that Mr, Hoo- ver could not see her yesterday after- noon or this morning, she delegated that duty to Milton R. Baker of radio station WMAL, acting for the Columbia Broad- casting System, whose representative, Frank Nicholson, brought the medals to the United States aboard the giant dirigible. Leaves for Wilmington. Just an hour after her plane touched the field here, the petite, blond-haired aviatrix lifted her machine from the ground, circled gracefully around and headed for Wilmington, Del., where she ELINOR SMITH. will begin tomorrow operating under contract for the Curtiss Corporation, one of whose three-passenger cabin planes she flew to this city. As she alighted from her plane at the Naval Air Station at 3:55 o'clock she was greeted by Mr. Baker and Stan- ley Bell, also of WMAL, who, due to & confusion of the daylight savings time used in New York and Eastern Standard time, had been awaiting her since 2 o’clock. Miss Smith explained that the medals are awarded annually by the Ligue Internationale des Aviateurs to the 12 men who have done most for aviation during the preceding year. The awards are donated by Clifford Burke Harmon. The list of reciplents this year is Charles headed by President Hoover and Col. Lindbergh and includes Arthur G. Goebel, Lieut. Thomas Car- roll, Richard E. James, William Brock, E. F. Schlee, Charles O. Kerwood, C. B. D. Collyer, 'W. Burke Harmon, Harry Guggenheim and Willlam L. Stultz. The medals are to be turned over to President Hoover this afternoon by Mr. Baker. The flight down from New York was interrupted by two stops, Miss Smith declared, explaining the length of time it took her to make the trip. She brought her plane to earth first at Philadelphia to put off a passenger, and | once at Baltimore, where she walted 5 or 10 minutes until the rain into | which she had run ceased. | A. and frequent visits from the Jjail attendants?"” It will be necessary to approach the problem from the hereditary, psychiatric, psychological and economic points of view before soclety can deal adequately with the criminal, said Prof. D. M. Mann, research associate in criminology at the University of Vir- ginia. Criminology in the past, he said, has considered crime and punishment from the viewpoint of free will and has pictured the criminal as coldly weighing _the possible _punishment against advantages to be derived from the crime. Training Needed. “This sn't mean much” Prof. Mann said. “Treatment of a behavior | disorder is more complicated than demands a high type of personnel. Untrained personnel can make a hell out of any sort of institution. A jailor without training hardly can be of any value. He may be a kindly man and | start in with the best of intentions, but | after a while he develops the | boiled attitude. Not understanding the | prisoners, they naturally take advantage | of him. He hits back. A penal inst- | tution, if it seeks to be anything but a crime breeder, must provide for thor- ough study of individuals from the psychiatric’ and sociological stand- points.” | Surprise has been expressed, Dr. Mann said, at the results of some re- cent psychological studies which showed that the convicts in some institutions were more intelligent than the prison personnel. This is not to be wondered at, he pointed out, when the type of | man_usually employed as a guard is considered. i | “The county jalls of Virginia are as rotten as they can possibly be and a disgrace to _any civilized community,” said Judge Herbert G. Cochran of the | Juvenile Court of Norfolk. Maj. R. M. Youell, superintendent of NOW. IS THE TIME TO INSTALL R ‘we coac' i Nélkaol CLEAN AUTOMATIC OIL~HEAT See the New Rotary Special Inducements in Au; AUTOMATIC HEATING CORP. 1719 Conn. Ave. N.W. North 0627 Open Evenings Until 10 P.M. ment for all prisoners. While popular it | prejudice considers this harsh, he point- ed out, it really would be the best for all concerned. The man in r for some trivial offense would welcome the pro- "fi‘,""fi:,.' Lith other things, nat the al % other ;7 sanitary district made a profit of $1,- 000,000 a year from its electrical plant through diversion of the lake water. States opposing the diversion are Min- isconsin, Michigan, nesota, % Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York. ‘The board today named three trustees to draft a memorial which they plan to take in person to Washington. It ; will deny they make & electricity. f his own cell from the - s I criminal crimansl, while the vicious himself would have a better chance to think cun?w w;::cm‘i:f‘e’s from the in- fl of . S ,” he said, “that you your- “Su] self, ving thfough carelessness run over a foot on a street cross- n wif village €ro which populate a ‘]lll or be placed in a room by yourself with books, writing ‘material, occasional visits from friends 9000090000000 09006000606 eliminated. he said. treatment of a physical disorder and | built, Mr. Thomas the Virginia State Penitentiary, urged | that county jails be abolished as fast 8s | possible and that the fee system be | can be properly | handled with more than 1,000 inmates, | 1t becomes impossible for the | jailor to know the men in his custody. | No jail Monroe Doctrine. ‘The policy of the United States in | not recognizing Latin-American govern- | ments set up by revolution was the sub- | Ject of an open forum discussion led by | Prof. C. H. Haring of Harvard Univer- | sity. The discussion was enlivened by | the ‘statement of Norman Thomas, for- | mer Socialist presidential that the Monroe doctrine was an excellent rationalization of American | Caribbean_policy.” When the Panama Canal was being % id, one of the jus- tifications was that it wonld aid national defense and bring about less ex ture for a navy. ‘But_ever_sinc he_continue: Special for Limited Time Only FUR COATS $ Cleaned Glazed clean lazing and. g 2 December 3 Special Price: Expert Workmanship Worls called for and delive NEW ENGLAND FURRIERS Benjamin Sherman, Prep. 618 12th Street Franklin 6358 ...vou are thinking of a new apartment, don’t fail to see those wonderful— 5 and 6 Room Apts. 2800 Ontario Road None Better to be Had Only 4 Left BLISS PROPERTIES 35 B St. N.W. Lincoln 1860 1401 Fairmont St. N.W. Adams 8464 Model Plant Repeatedly Rated 100% by District of Columbia Health Department 2012 11th STREET candidate, | ‘merely pendi- | have been grabbing enr,thlnc loose to protect the canal itself. Our policy seems to depend on whether we are dealing - with a Marine-sized country. ‘We sent Marines to civilize Nicaragua, Marine-sized country, but we sent Mr. ing country rarely intervenes to help another country un- less there’s some fit to be seen. We aren’t doing an: g about civilizing the Eskimo, although from what I read of their marriage customs they need it badly. But if oil should be discovered in the Arctic wastes their morality would become of immediate concern to us. The easiest way I know of to become a per- son of importance is to get in trouble with bandits in a Marine-sized country. “‘Probably we shall soon be concerned over the morality of the Eskimos,” said Prof. H"";f “because I understand are rich coal deposits in their ———e ICE CREAM ‘FAMINE’ THREATENS CHICAGO Morrow “An FIRE LAID TO HI-JACKERS. |=mst seized near the Buffalo-Fort Eeis o dock. The driver of the car abandoned Police Believe Boat Was Burned it and fled. S flor Mg d After Cargo Was Looted. |ance the vessel was seen in fizmes. Boer FORT ERIE, Ontario, August 9 (#).— | of the same brand as that in the ear The burning of & rum-ru; the water's edge at the docks in Buf- falo yesterday is attributed by police ind customs officials to hi-jackers, who, Strike of Workers, Voted Last ‘Week, Scheduled to Go Into Effect Today. By the Assoclated Press. CHICAGO, August 9.—An ice cream “famine” faced Chicago today. The strike voted last week by the Ice Cream ‘Workers’ Unlon was to start today and unless some settlement was reached im- mediately 1t seemed probable that there would be a shortage over the week end. Although it was previously planned to wait until hot weather should create a larger demand for their product, union officials decided not to wait any longer and the 450 union members in 35 factories were instructed not to go to work today. The moderately warm temperatures of the last few days were — | expected to continue over the week end. There was enough ice cream on hand to last the day out and the effect of the strike was not expected to be felt until tomorrow. te M lexe DR. CLAUDE S.‘ SEMONES Eyesight Specialist Phone National 0721 409-410 McLachi 10th and G St This Is the Season - When one's appetite often needs coddling. A single glance at our delicious salads and des- serts whets the appetite —to taste them makes you a Blossom Inn pa- tron for all time. Reasonable prices always. 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