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= STIVE IS 0D OF CANGPROBLENS Pres»ent Situation in Larger| . Cities Traced to Basis of 25 Years Ago. BY THOMAS R. HENRY, Staft Correspondent of The Star. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, August | 8.—Ranging from Chicago’s bullet-swept i slums to the tumble-down mountain churches of the Blue Ridge, speakers before the Institute of Public Affairs here today discussed a wide field of fundamental social problems. | The round table on law enforcement | was attended by Col. Henry W. Ander- | son of Richmond as an official observer | for President Hoover’s Crime Commis- | sion. The chief speaker was John Lan- desco, research director of the Ameri- can Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, who analyzed the notorious. gang warfare of Chicago. ‘The roots of the present situation extend back a quarter of a century, e said, to the conflicts between racial groups to obtain control of certain areas, while the situation was aggravated by the legal suppression of vice, which merely drove it into hiding. Te- sulted in forming the nuclei of gangs with a feudal hold upon their respective territories. Gangster Natural Product. The gangster, Mr. Landesco said, is neither an innocent youth led astray by bad companions nor a hardened and vicious individual waging vindictive war on society, but “the natural product of his environment, the slum of the large | American cil “These slums.” he continued, “have been ports of first entry for each new wave of foreign immigration. The con- stant ambition that grows with the rise | of the people is to get away into better districts. As the successful families move away they leave behind the un- successful, laboring foreigner, who is not accepted as a model for the chil- dren in their progress of Americaniza- tion. But there also remain the gang: ster and the politician chief, who be come practically the only models of success, “It follows that the gangster is a product of his surroundings in the same | way as the good citizen. He has lived | his life in a region of lawbreaking. | graft and ‘fixing.” That is the reason | why the good citizen and the gangster | have never been able to understand | each other. They have been reared in two different worlds. “The stories the gangsters tell of their | own lives should enable the public to | realize how deep-rooted and widespread | are the practices and philocophy of the gangster in the life and growth of the ofty. Such an understanding should | make possible a constructive program that will not content itself with pun- ishing individual gangsters and their allies. but will reach out into a frontal sttack on the basic causes of crime in | Chicago.” Leaders Not Punished. A “Who's Who" of organized crime in Chicago, Mr. Landesco said, shows that the overlords of bootlegging, gambling, vice and labor and merchant “racket- eering” are never punished and that only the underlings ever fall in the hands of the police and receive oniy petty punishments. Much of the gangster's success, he | pointed out, is due to the feudal rela- tionship that exists between him and | . the people of his section, based not upon Jaw, but upon personal loyalties. He is the friend and protector of everybody who is loyal to him. Concepts of right | and wrong are superseded by coacepls | of friendship. | “Ward politics,” he said, carried | on in a smaller, more intimate world | than that which makes and defines the | Jaw. Government seeks to be equal, impartial, formal. Friendships run counter to the impartiality of formal | government and formal govemmenti cuts across the ties of friendship. Pro- fessignal politicians have always rec- ognized the importance, even when | they are not moved by real sentiment. | of participating with their friends and neighbors in the ceremonies marking the real crises of ilfe—christenings, marriages and deaths. - In the great fu- nerals the presence of the political boss | attest the sincerity and personal cbar- | acter of his friendship for the deceased, | and this marks him as an intimate in | life and death.” ‘This intimate personal relationship, Mr. Lanesco said, has declined of late eince the gangsters and politicians have increased in power. Actual political corruption, he pointed out, is by no means so great as is generally supposed. ‘The gangster politician wins and keeps his office not by stuffing ballot boxes to any great extent, but because people ac- tually vote for him. “What needs to be appreciated,” he said, “is the el ment of genuine popularity in the gang- ster, homegrown in the neighborhocd gang. idealized in the morality of. the neighborhood.” Too Many Churches. o, too ma; THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY, Above: Digging for the barrels, | after the exti permanent by legislation. continued. 1 operative in the United States,” i tion by peaceful means.” | | stitute last night. | declared ~ that true relief | church. Not only are there too many | the cotton mill. And this 14-year age to | limit is flagrantl communities themselves he continued, but for mainta: the | utlying territor: grocery store,” Dr. Morse said, referring | to the small church of any denomina- tion. “Nearby churches of the same | “is denomination are in competition with each other. The average Southern | county has one church for every 200 or | have gaines | organization. 300 people.” ‘The amazing thing about the present country church, he said, “is on how meager a program it can keep itself alive and satisfied.” the the rural slowly, condition of stitution covering the churches of 54 | counties. trained, but the survey showed that the | financial support is very inadequate, | tional rivalry: congregations are too small and some social groups are not adequately served by any denomination. Gives Committee Reports. Prof. Hamilton presented the find- | ings of a committee headed by Dr. Rolvix Harland, a member of the facul- ty of George Washington University, which urged that seminaries preparing men for the rural ministry give courses in the sociology and economics of coun- try life and the technique of making community surveys. The present outburst of labor troubles in the South will continue until wages ure raised, there is a shorter working day, and the child ‘labor situation re- formed, Tom Tlp{n Labor College told the round table on industrial conditions in the South. “A wage of $2 a day for a man working from 10 to 12 hours,” he said, “has no possible social justification.” “The three States in which the pres- ent trouble lies” he said, “have laws | supposed to keep children in school | until they are 14 years old. At Lhe! best & child of 14 has learned on! | forgets most of thal ter he has join- | the round table on the country know or ever h ich. pro; Sunday evening, Deauville Where Paris spends its week~ends That’s the place for you!l Havre this summer, Paris isn’t three hours away by boat-train . . . it’ thirty minute ferry to Trouville, a hotel bus to Deauville . . . and there you'll find everyone you week-end that you want yourself, ~y= A .. dazzling casino morning, motoring through the countryside to meet r Paris Pnfllllrlyl:l i.iu:uelve.yn‘: back to weleome you. “France”, August 16 *Ile de France”, August 20 *Paris”, August 28 3 .a few b ing express, in three hours. : uthorized Pt Koems orarite direet To 1428 Eve $t. Wathin 4 ed the long day or night shifts in | HEN you lend at le 's just next door. ~¢= Take a of, spending the same gay gorgeous e of cosmopolitan smartness then the “blue train” up on | | | | | | | ! or a leisurely start on Monday | Normandy 1 in when the i i H i pton. churches themselves do not draw upon | the real. exploites | ford, editor of Crawford’s Weekly, of “It hasn't anywhere near as long a | Norton, Va., who made a special study | service range as a bank or a good 'flr’ the strike situation at Elmbe'm:m. ‘enn. o e situation in the South.” he continued, tolerable. | Negro and ‘the white working man | violated.” itators’ are usually said Bruce Cra hose who cry to do. tion in, the Soutn." he continued.| ROSIKA SCHWIMMER It cannot last. Both the | “The promising aspect of th hat they have through Definition of Demeocracy. Under Permit Issued by Im- migration Commissioner. A new definition of a democracy | as “that form of government in which Although conditions are improving | an organized will which is not the pre- vailing will can become the prevailing churches of Virginia remains a_matter | will by a bloodless revolution” was pro- | of serious concern, said Prof. C. Hor- | pounded ace Hamilton, sociologist of the Virginia | Reed of the University of Michigan in | Polytechnic Institute, who reported on | the round table on democracy in gov- | an undenominational study by that in- | ernment. | By the Associated Press. esterday by Dr. Thomas H.!| mer, who leaves rig- | if called upon. The Queen of Transports —brings newest merchandise to The Hecht Co. HEY’RE only trifles, to be sure, but we're proud to be the destination of even trifles that made this history- . making cruise. Some bits of lace ... handkerchiefs to be treasured and handed down—soft gloves . . . ultra-modern now, whose story will soothe baby eyes to sleep three generations hence—a bobbie cap— novelty paper cutters and cigarette cases that hold the secret of a historical journey across the sea on the famous Graf Zeppelin ««.all trifles . . . but treasures. ¢ Tare Hecur Co. “F Street at Seventh” £ Gt Police of the fifth precinct last night' uncovered a garage in the 500 block of Eighth street southeast, beneath which they dug up many barrels of alleged whisky, said to have been connected with pumps for delivery like gasoline. Detective Robert F. Langdon, without shirt, who led the raid. Below: P. & A. Photo. | inally was provided as a commission | in bankruptcy, a temporary expedient nce of the Shepherd | regime, which five years later was made “Democracy never has actually be;n e “The Nation is not ruled by the people. But the people have the potential ability to bring about a revolu- Modification of the protective tariff as the only practical measure of farm | rellef was urged by Senator Carter Glass of Virginia, speaking at the in- | _ Senator Glass attacked all other pro- posed farm relief legislation, including | the measure finally passed creating the Federal Farm Board with a $500,- 000.000 appropriation for the organ- ization and operation of co-operative | marketing associations, Senator Glass for the | farmer would come from getting rid | of old laws rather than passing new ones. “This $500,000.000 furnishes 12 men ! there in Washington fat jobs,” he said. “After awhile they're going to pester the farmer and send little sap-saps around to his farm to tell him what 5 WILL RE-ENTER U. S. Pacifist Declares She Will Return VIENNA, August 6.—Rosika Schwim- ) Badenbeiwen tonight | for Switzerland and Holland, said that she was returning to New York in Oc- ‘The Government of the District ‘of | tcher under a re-entry permit issued | Columbia was used both by Dr. Reed by the commissioner of immigration at Church membership is increasing, he | and by Dr. Robert Gooch of the Uni- | Washington. She said that she still said, and the rural clergy are better | versity of Virginia as one that could hoped to make no claims to being democratic since it is not based on tke consent of | due to low farm income and denomina- | the governed who have no means of | ican citizenship a few month ago be- overthrowing it if they are dissatisfled. | cause she refused to swear to take up “The present Government of the city | arms in defense of the United States of Washington,” Dr. Reed said, | obtain American citizenship. Rosika Schwimmer was denied Amer- IPEACE PACT TEETH URGED BY EDITOR Subject Is Debated Before Institute of Politics by Admiral. By the Associated Press. WILLIAMSTOWN, Mass., August 6.— ‘The first guns of a verbal battle over the Kellogg peace pact were fired at the Institute of Politics limitation of arm- ament round table today, when Willis J. Abbott, contributing editor of the Christian Science Monitor, introduced a resolution to “put teeth into” the pact, and Rear Admiral William L. Roge! U. 8. N, lllum:md an attack proposal. After stating that the moral influ- ence of the pact had been demonstrated by its efficacy in staying the recently threatened Chinese-Russian hostilities, Mr. Abbott declared that a further agreement was necessary to place upon nations the moral obligation of refrain- ing from supporting war, as well as from making war. . Text of Resolution. He then introduced this resolution: (1)—It shall be the declared policy of the United States to withhold ex- portation of armaments or munitions of war to any belligerent, and such ex- portation shall be unlawful unless Congress shall provide otherwise. (2)—It shall be similarly unlawful to make loans to any belligerent nation | Winter. AUGUST 6, 1929. failed in the past,” he said, “but it has many accomplishments to its credit, and while it may not stop all wars in the future, we may well hope that with the l.mrroud technigue of the last few ;em it will be better than ever be- ore. Violence Necessary. “I belleve that diplomacy is the means of reducing the emotion and | dissolving the crowd cohesion that erjps | & country in’ time of threatened war. Our experience in every riotous strike confirms this view. But if diplomacy is unsuccessful then the only way of dissolving crowd cohesion is by violence —that is, war.” Predictions that the airplane and | radio will do more to change Latin America in the next 25 years than has | |anything in the last 300 years were | made before the institute at the first |Latin American conference yesterday. Harry F. Guggenheim, president of the Daniel Guggenheim Fund for Pro- | motion of Aeronautics, and Prof. Harry | Collings of the University of Pennsyl- | vania, outlined economic and social | changes to be brought by the airplane. | Prof. Collings directed the conference. “New trade routes between Latin America and the United States and new businesses will be established as a re- sult of air transportation,” Mr. Gug- genheim said. “Merchants now take advantage of the difference in seasons by sending from South America by refrigerator ships, fruits ripened in their Summer for consumption in our But the airplane, with its speed and ability to fly at great alti- tude, thus preventing decomposition of its freight, will bring fresh products from one section to another in a sur- prisingly short time.” At a later session the effect of the radio will be discussed by Prof. Col- lings, an internationally known stu- dent of Latin America, who was formerly trade adviser for Argentina and Uruguay for the War Trade Board without the consent of Congress. “This suggestion,” he said, “differs | from those already before Congress, primarily in making it the fixed and | normal policy of the United States to | withhold support from any power which | shall, in violation of the pact, embark upon a war. 3 “It gives effect to thé proposition that to support a war is just exactly as violative of the spirit of that pact as to engage in a war. | Would Isolate Warrior. | “And if all parties to the contract lation, it is obvious that any warring | nation would be so isolated that prose- cution of the conflict would not be long continued. “Nevertheless, the measure as pro- posed does not absolutely shut the door upon the United States rendering as- sistance in case a belligerent was fight- | ing for a worthy cause. If the Presi- | dent and Congress should so determine, then munitions of war and other sup- | plies could be exported to either bellig- erent, but until Congress had acted to | this effect, the United States would ridigly hold aloof.” | Admiral Rodgers, after declaring that he sympathized with Mr. Abbott’s ob- | ject of reducing the probability of war, attacked the resolution as a legal meth- | od which would “not get up as far on | the end as the old well tried method | of diplomacy,” and advocated war as a means of settling disturbance should diplomacy fail 1 know diplomacy has sometimes the stocking by knitting the Speedily and flawlessly . . of the stocking being dama Average Full Dress and $2.00 Manhattan $2.50 Manhattan $3.00° Manhattan $3.50 Manhattan $4.00 Manhattan $5.00 Manhattan $7.50 Manhattan jamas and Mansco colored | Secretary of the Navy in Charge of | Aviation, speaking later before institute | would adopt & similar plece of legis- § By Flawless sier Repairing ‘The Knitbac machine repairs the holes or runs in Charges for repairs from e Hecar Co. “F Street at Seventh” Semi-Annual Sale of SHIRTS This includes every Manhattan Shirt in stock excepi $15.00 Manhattan Shirts. .$10.85 Not only Manhattan shirts . . . but Manhattan pa- this important event. Presenting what we feel to be the most complete assortment of styles and sizes in the city . . . at reductions that average %! Tae Hecur Co. “F Street at Seventh”. * and special agent in the Latin America division of the D=partment of Com- | merce in 1920, Some Ahead of U. S. Edward P. Warner, former Assistant members, said Latin America depended on foreign agencies in the development of airways and that some countries were already ahead of the United States in the Latin Americap airway field. Enjoy a Well- Furnished HOME You don’t need to wait until you have the cash. Buy nice things for your home NOW, and pay for them on our Credit Plan. . Peter Grogan & Soms Co. GROGAN'S 817-823 Seventh St.N.W. Homefurnishers Since 1866 Closed Saturday—July and August broken ends of the threads. . with absolutely no daitger ged. 25¢ up. (Hostery Department—Main Floor.) 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