Evening Star Newspaper, June 25, 1929, Page 8

'k4 " THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D . C, TUESDAY, JUNE 2 w ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. {THE EVENING STAR Wh Senda) Morning Sditien. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.........June 25, 1920 THEODORE W. Rov: . Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 154 Office: 11th St. Pen: . New Fork OMee.” 110, Ease N2ar 8t , . Eneland. - Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star.. 45¢ per month The Evening and Sul (when 4 Sundays) venin Sunday Star undays). 85¢ per month T copv The Sunda. y !lfir M --5¢ pel e Bl WUTRE AN Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. land and Vi ia. 1 1 mo., 85¢ 1 mo,, Soc 1 mo., 40c All Other States and Canada. . Dafly and Sunday..l yr. $12.00; 1 mo., §1.00 Daily only yr., $8.00; 1 mo.. 178 Sunday only 1 yr. $5.00; 1 mo. &0c Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press Is Eicll;ll'lfil! entitled to the use for republication of all i ews dis- tches credited to it or not otherwise X 3 It his pa) ind also the iocal 1ews B s e ke Al I special dispatches herein are also reserved. - More Concerning Statistics. In “extension of remarks” printed June 19, Representative Simmons refers to a Star editorial headed “The Clash of Statistics,” which replies to an at- tack by Mr. Simmons upon certain figures printed by The Star. Mr, Simmons does not permit readers of the Congressional Record to know what The Star has said to substantiate its surplus. Do these millions not figure in the “cost of running the municipal government”? Must they not be sdded to the appropriations of the regular District bill, thus largely justifying the auditor’s “estimate” of a total budget of $44,965,000? Is it possible that this appropriation of three millions is not to be considered a part of the cost to the community of running the municipal government, but must be regarded as manna from the skies or as cash out of the pockets of some kiridly gentleman who requests that his name be withheld? If either the cost of street improve- | ments met by the gasoline tax or the cost of wafer-supply system main- tenance and development met by the water tax is decided to be part of the cost of running the municipal gove ernment, is not Mr. Simmons' conten~ tion that the Federal contribution is 28 per cent of that total cost instantly demolished? And is not the 28 per cent figure, if applied to the total cost of “running the municipal government,” shown to be inaccurate and misleading? Is there not a similar unjust incon- sistency in the method of adding to the lump sum a theoretical cash donation by the United States in order to boost Uncle Sam’s percentage of contribution? Under the sixty-forty ratio certain miscellaneous revenues were formerly divided between the United States and the District in the proportion that each contributed to the source of such revenue. Under the lump sum all the revenue thus derived goes to the Dis- trict. But for purposes of estimating Uncle Sam’s contribution, 40 per cent of these miscellaneous revenues are credited as an addition to the lump own reasoning. He quotes only two sentences from the editorial and ob- viously and grossly misinterprets those sentences into a new misleading at- tempt to misrepresent the views of Auditor Donovan. The Star has made no untruthful or misleading statement, either inten- tionally or unintentionally. It is as little likely to offend in this way in- tentionally as Mr. Simmons himself. Mr. Simmons quotes the following sentences from The Styr editerial: “The Star -has said that accerding to Auditor Donovan’s estimates the nine millions lump-sum payment of the Nation will for 1930 be 20. plus per cent of the total budget.” ‘These “estimates” for' 1930 were drawn up by Maj. Donovan in his pro- posed five-year financial program and were printed in tabular form. For the Fiscal Year 1930, Payable from the general fund of the District of Co- 1,658,500 1,495,500 Star said that it calculated the il showed how a conclusion of 25 per cent, or one of 27 per cent, might also be Teached. sum, whereas, in reality, the United States no longer contributes 40 per cént to the source, but an amount ranging, according to point of view, between 20 and 28 per cent. The abandoned but lawful sixty-forty ratio is lugged in to give the United States a paper credit, but in other respects is kicked about by Mr. Simmons as an object worthy only of contempt. Renewed attention is called to the fact that the provisions of the law of 1922 which impose hardships upon the District are rigorously enforced, while the only provision in that compromise measure which was distinctly for the District's protection has been nullified by indirection. Is it not futile to quar- rel over the question whether Uncle Sam contributes 20, 22, 25, 27 or 28 per cent of “the epst of running the municipal government,” when by. sub- stantive law of his own enaetment, still unrepealed and unamended, he imposed upon himself the obligation to con- tributé 40 per cent? —————————— that there are no “safety first” rules that apply absolutely to & canoe. “Selling” Prohibition. don’t believe in is propaganda.” And, accepting those definitions, the Geov- 's efforts to “sell” observance prohibition law to the country sn “educational campaign” to a “propagands campaign” to whe favor the Government'’s efforts popularize it as a rightfous comparable to such 2gEat i i1 it 5 & | g : to pratest it is treason. To believe that the Government can to “think for themselves.” ‘worth-while task. possible, those others in the future learning how to think now. —————————— Mother India. Certain recent writers have pictured the women of India as victims of hearl- rending tyranny. By the sacred Ganges the wife is the | slave of her husband, subject to his most fantastic whims, 1f she shows her unveiled face outside the domicile, he is privileged to cut off her nose. He can curse her, beat her and starve her. The western mind is & bit puzzled over all this. Most of India is subject to a civilized code of laws. If the abused ‘women chose to revolt, they could put an end to the atrocious conditions un- der which they live. Why don't they put their feet down, as their Occidental sisters would do? One might answer that they are re- strained by the strength of the religious traditions in which they have been reared. This is part of the answer, but 1t does not really get to the bottom of the situation. People the world over have a happy faculty of interpreting Teligious traditions in terms of their own convenience. Moral codes change everywhere with changing times. The ‘wemen of India are no exception. Catholic missionaries now attending the mission crusade at Catholic Uni- versity come closer to'the truth, para- doxical as it may sound, in their inter- pretation of this curious condition. . In the first place, they say, the woman of India is not so badly abused as has been implied. The hen-pecked husband is no exception in the domes- tie picture, Secondly, her present condition is largely of her own making. She fis high priestess of the religious philos- ophy that makes her the slave of her husband. Her very slavery is the source of her power. She finds an outlet for her emotions in the very fanaticism of her ancient creeds. It is the men who, with wider interests and broader out- , sometimes try to revolt against traditions that make thelr wives slaves, and, by that very condi- the lords and masters them- slaves of their wives and the others. ‘The soul chained—but chains herself out of the gold of her emotions. She will not consent to put them off. She conquers by her slavery. By her insistence upon the letter of the law, her pride in serfdom, she is the greatest obstacle to the westerniza- ton of India. Until she has been of the Indian woman is ... | novel The weather forecaster has offered showers and thunderstorms. With all his willingness to show goods, he has not been able to offer a little thing like —————— ‘When, confronted by one of the at- tacks 8o often expérienced by rich men, Mr, Tunpey gives evidence of the un- worldliness natural to the student and the literary man. ———————— ‘While many eonditions remain to be discussed the world over, the situation in Mexico must be gratefully regarded 88 & distinct triumph in the cause of ————— constantly more- evident order to be & true diplomat a naturally democratic rgers will emphasize Beiting on a bgse ball game has never been greatly favored. The sport is one which has never shown the need At least the reckless handler of fire- arms in a bootleg encounter does not Mr. Stmmons, it seems, adds to the |18Y ® middle course and spend its | attempt the ples that he “did not know lump sum 40 per cent of the estimates | 2Y2!able appropriation in education or |1t was loaded.” of the gasoline tax and the water tax and another item of $300,000 from the Tegular session af Cangress. Auditor Donovan in building up a 28 per cent figure for.Mr. Simmens ex- cludes all appropriations except those propaganda for prohibition without arousing the applause and the catcalls that characterize every phase of the subject’s discussion is unfounded op- timism. That could never be. Nor is to be no fraternizing with the enemy, The old pictures of dislocated livers, spotty hearts and unspeakably disar- SHOQTING STARS, BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. culu;t—'rruuvu.‘ In cases mone too many. A journey, blissful when begun, Ends with small joy, if any, made in the regular District bill, and | Fan@ed stomachs, the ryesults of 100 | Alas! The future cannat be picks out of that bill only those which he calls “divisible appropriations.” But Mr. Simmons goes far beyond Auditor Donovan's cautious words of limitation and declares broadly in the Record that: “We are paying this year approximately 28 per cent of the cost of running the munis goyernment in “the District of Columbia out of Federal funds.” Is not this statement mis- leading? Is not the money exacted by taxing gasoline users and appropriated in ad- ‘vance for road and street improvements and repair a part of “the cost of run- ning the municipal government in the District of Columbia”? Is it any less & local tax because it taxes gasoline in- stead of real estate or tangible and intangible personalty? Is not the water tax, or rental, exacted from water, users and spent in maintenance,and develop- ment of the water system a part of the cost of “running the municipal gov- ernment in the District of Columbia”? Is it any less a tax because it is ex- acted from the water-using and tax- paying community, which already in equity owns ‘nore than half of the ‘water plant? 1Is it any less a com- munity tax because Uncle Sam, a frac- much alcohol, are to be replaced, per- haps, by pictures of healthy livers, pure hearts and excellent stomachs that never knew the onslaughts of the Demon Rum. “The Face on the Bar- room Floor” will be consigned to the oblivien it has earned for itself and in its stead there may be poems about money in the bank and gasoline is in the tank and papa coming soon. Much can be secomplished by the Government in its campaign to de- velop “a consciousness of the proper attitude toward this law (the prohibi- tion law) and all laws,” provided there is emphasis in the right place. But in to reach the 30,000,000 young people of the Nation, the Government must tread with care. Prohibition is not only a moral question, but political as well. It will be hardly worth while to deal with such subjects as the efficacy of milk as & body builder compared to the effects of wine. It will be a waste of money to contrast the glory of so- briety against the horrors of drynken- ness. The Government should make the best of its opportunity to tell the youthful citizens of the land something tional water-plant owner, is the only water user who gets 'his water for nothing? of the political, the sociological and the economic sides of prohibition. Itshould ¥id young minds of the belief that pro- from the present; And frequently results, we see, Decidedly unpleasant!- At first she will employ a term Such as “My dear” or “Honey"— A sentiment she will affirm Superior to money. Most publicly she hollers And makes & scene while she demands Five hundred thousand dollars! As Cireumstances Change. “Do you believe everything you see in ‘print?” “No,” answered Senator Serghum, sending its message through the schools | “When I look over my old scrapbook I| G no longer believe some of the things I have said myselt.” Jud Tunkins says he is never disap- pointed when the man he helped to elect turns out to be a disappointment. Everybody has to get hisselt gold- bricked more or less. Lost in a Fog. ‘The farmer hopes relief to win Prem prophesying mystics; And finds that he is wandering in A maze of long statistics! High Finance. “The bride has an immense fortune,” Is it not undeniably misleading to | hibition is merely an endless gun bat- | 8aid Miss Cayenne, state as 28 per cent of the “cost of running the municipal government” 28 tle, with one-half the population sniping at the other half. It should “So has the groom.” “Was it so much of a wedding, or per cent of the “divisible appropria-|try to picture prohibition as a studied | more of & merger?” tions” of the 1930 appropriation bill, omitting all appropriations made out- effort by a sovereign people to rid themselves of an evil that is older than “To live simply,” said Hi Ho, the sage side the District bill and all supple- | civilization, and that the success of this | Of Ohinatown, “cannot protect you from mental appropriations which figured in | effort is impossible without a struggle, |€AYY- some one will desire to add it to his THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Honesty of statement is not one of i the virtues of the “blurb” on the jacket of the average new novel. The publisher wants to put the best foot for- ward, no one’can blame him for that. A truthful “blurb,” however, deserves the enthusiasm of all readers, and as such we commend the one appearing on the paper cover of “Little Caesar,” by W. R. Burnett, just published by the | Dial Press. Quoted from the report of a manu- script reader, it gives an adequate sum- mary of ufm and. bad points of the story, a tale of Chicago’s gangland. “A synopsis gives an inadequate idea of the swift realism and dramatic ex- citement of the novel. It is told so con~ cisely, so impersonally that one has the sensation of reading a newspaper ac- count, yet the tale has mugh more body than a mere journalistic unt, and gives a more complete panorama. “It is not a novel of literary preten- sions; still the compression of material is admirable. It will win the approval of the reader who seeks exciting melo- dramatic fiction, and at the same time it has a more than adequate claim to recognition as an able piece of writing. “The title, ‘Little Caesar,’ is an at- tractive one and definitely characterizes the central figure of the book. The nofi'el has the potentlalities of a best’| seller.” After reading the story the average reader will agree that this is a per- fectly fair estimate, one which consti- tutes an honest review. Mr. Burnett’s story is exciting, it is melodramatic and its title is attractive. Whether it will be a “best seller” re- mains to be seen, even the it had the impetus of a huge first edition as the result of heing selected by one of the book clubs. * ok ok % Mr. Burnett takes pride in the fact that he has been a student of the tales of Guy de Maupassant, and he has been quoted in New York newspapers as declaring, while on a trip there, that the gang warfare of Chicago showed the vitality of its inhabitants. There is little question that the aver. age reader of novel will be con- vinced upon completing “Little Caesar” that he been given a good picture of what on there. , And this despite the fact that 'the publisher and author thought it nec- essary, or, at any rate, expedient, place a note on a page all by itself: “The characters and events in this book are entirely imaginary.” Strange, exotic characters they are, American yet not American, pictur- esque yet repulsive, convincing vet somehow detached the real life ter have (which may be done in hours, o to the large wide lmlnl)‘v it “r;rxma s about it which it unusual. A little consideration, we believe, will convince them that the tale is unusual nmply“beuuu it is really a play in orm. Each one of the divisions into which the seven “parts” are divided is in reality a scene of a play, with just enough comment and narrative to carry the conversation, Once this is realized, the average reader will come to the conclusion that the author must have been a great S The admirer of the newspaper play Front Page” and e Ban Against Use of Riot Guns In Liquor Warfare Commended have made up his Orders against the use of riot guns by customs officers and prohibition agents on the Canadian border are gen- erally commended by the press, although mind to do the same thing for Chi- cago's gangs and gangaters. How Caesar Bandello (called Rico) gradually undermined the authority of Sam Vettori, gang boss, and finally as- l\;meld leaderahip is the theme of the novel. Sam Vettori, in the best Maupas- santian manner, jumps squarely into the story in the first two sentences: “Sam Vettori sat staring down into Halsted street. He was a big man, fat as a hog,” etc. The moment we read that last phrase we took kindly to this story, because it is an honestly told tale in its curiously theatrical way. Ramon Otero, a Spaniard, is one of Rico's gang. His devotion o Rico would be touching if the author had been willing to make it so, but he was not. He was obsessed with his idea of writing like Guy de Maupassant. It is & good scene, however, in which he shows Otero drunk, chanting, with his automatic beside him: “I am Ra- mon Otero, a great, brave man. I ain't afraid of nobody or nothing. I can drink any man in the world under the table and I can outshoot any man that walks on two legs. Only Rico; he is my friend. He is a great man like Pancho Villa and I love him with a great love. I would not shoot Rico if he shot me first. Rico is my friend and I love him with a 'great love.” We see Rico, after a hold-up in which he shot a police captain, going over the newspaper and reading in the account, Courtney’s murderer was described by one eyewitness as a small, unhealthy- looking foreigner.” .l.uca tore up the clipping. ‘Where do they get that unhealthy stuff?” he sald. “I never been sick a day in my life.” The description of the big banquet which the gang gave to Rico on his assumption of leadership is one of the best bits in the beok and inevitably re- minds the reader of the “feast o{ the goose” in ile Zola's “L'Assommoir.” “The table was 15 feet long and was covered by a fine white cloth.” Killer Pepi was there in a blue suit and a brown derby with Blue Jay, his woman, on his arm. Then came Joe Sansone, Kid Bean, Blackie Avenazano, Bat Ca- rillo and others. ‘They await the arrival of Rico, who comes in with Blondy Belle on his arm amid the yells of the company. At the end of the affair Rico is called upon for a speech, which he delivers as fol- lows: “All right. if you birds want me to make a speech, here you are: I want to thank you guys for this banquet. It sure is swell. The liquor is :oog“ 50 they tell me; I don't drink it myself. And the food don’t leave nothing to be desired. I guess we all had a_swell time d it sure is good to see all you .. Well, T guess|qp I wish you wouldn't get dmnkm{nd ube"l’:ell.m'fi that's n;%"wly & lot of birds get ped off. ‘The portrait of Rico, small, pale, for- ever combing his sleek black hair, de- termined, beastlike in quhncy. is one whidh should give legislators and psychologists pause. How can men of this acamp] be given a new perspective in life? qualities which they pos- sess used to a better purpose would be valuable to the Nation. “Little Caesar” may be irded as the very latest thing in “light Summer reading.” Yet it touches upon a serious theme, and so doing must be reckons ;vlt.h as a valuable document in fictiol orm. m’ est for & symipstheti attitude fo- the eflc ta: enforte the law,” observes the iTimes. “In that there is a strong sentiment against any | against action which would render the Govern- | & ment forces helpless against armed |pa¢her bootleggers and approval is given Presi- dent Hoover's appeal to communities for aid in enforcing the law against inter- national criminals. “It was high time,” says the Chicago Daily News of the riot gun order. “Scatter guns that shoot motor-car drivers in the head when thelr wielders aim at the tires of the vehicles, or think they do, are not of & sort to pro- mote order and pi Protests by the Canadian government as well as by American communities against the use of such tools could mot be ignored longer., This does not mean that activi- ties against booze smugglers will be relaxed.” “The ruthless ‘war’ which the extreme prohibitionists to the violators modified,” declares the with the conclus! after be, so far as the President can make it so, & civilised warfare.” As to further action, the Nashville Banner contends that “it is rank folly to talk the so-called ‘dry’ desires them to anything, Bootleggers are strangely indifferent to suasion.” “It is not surprising that the situa- u‘m is :ni\;slnu coneern t.l:: M:ll el les an( attention of the Pretldm!." t.hmmflu Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, and that paper argues that “the size difficulty of the problem, as well as the necessity of strengthening the border patrol as & part of any serious enforcement pro- gram, are admitted, but there can be no ]\l&:flfluflm for a reign of terror, even though in the name of the law.” ‘The gun order impresses the Indianap- olis News as “humane and timely,” while the Park Evening Press 1n tune, | But later on With outstretched hands | Dollcves"rat “ine. President has in- | trees augurated a campaign to place prohi- bition enforcement on a higher plane.” * K xR “Abuses by the prohibition forces should not be accepted as justification for any let-up in the effort to dam the flood of alcohol that flows from Can- ada,” insists the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, however. * * * Pending a isfactory solution of prohibition problems, the plgin duty of the Presi- dent is to enforce® the law, and support of his efforts in that direction should not be weakened by sporadic manifesta- tions of excessive zeal or unjus actions on the part of underlings.” “That there is a duty of citizens in border communities and other places to aid in the enforcement of the prohibi- tion law and to war against violators, as well as for enforcement officers not thinking man and woman,” opinion of the Scranton Times, while )the Meridian Star comments: “Prohi- bition is here to stay. Few thinking citizens would tolerate the old-time wet Bt (e i, 1 pronision: agal , of prol ion. We have falth that Mr. Hoover will find the way to curb his prohibition gunmen—for the sake of the national dry amendment and for the safety, security and happiness of all.” “Official murder” is the term em- However slight your fortune, | The Birmi Fousty | Gonal | and bereavement, Iaree masercy "ot ha” poope. ot ihe mi e of “The United States Government, or any State worthy of the name,” accord- ing to the Wheel Intelligencer, “will not be bluffed by the rum-runni or| tions, their gun- men, or their 'so-called respectable sympathizers. Already, according to in- formation reaching the Treasury De- partment, there is an unprecedented thering of thugs along the Canadian rder, prepared for further mass law e e Ko, S e em) e pol at “ n of enforcement has been left wholly with the ited and the kane Spok: 'view voices na- disappointment that Canada has decided “to decline the American Gav- ermnment's request that it cease to issue clearances to boats carrying liquor to American ports.” In Crises, Ape Parents Show Fealty to Young BY E. E, FREE, PH. D. Another proof of the strong family affection that prevails among the larger, manlike apes, like the orang-utan and the gorills, is from the 200~ at Budapest, Hugary, l”filfi’ nwu.:l‘w of MW -utans was recently on exhibition. Natives of the Peninsula invented, a few ¥ apes by driving one or more ape fam- ilies into a tree, cutting down nearby 50 apes cannot eseape and then felling the isolated, into a large net. Single adult apes may still get away, but ape parents usually will not desert their children, so that maiy of these are captured. One such family of father, mof and one baby ‘was purchased by the Budapest author- ities. The male ape, named by his keepers Peter Goliath, seemed happy enough as long as his family was alive. In spite of every care, however, mother and baby presently succumbed to the European climate. Peter Goliath, thus bereaved, showed every sign of incon- solable grief. Human sympathy, while not resented, made no impression on his melancholy.. Every evening after his supper, the keepers report, the lonely ape sang to himself a kind of moaning song of indescribable sadness, even to human ears. Finally there came an evening when poor Peter Goliath sang his little dirge, lay down to sleep and never awoke, more the victim of grief his human compan- ions insist, than of any definite dis- ease. ——en— And Any Time. From the Albany Evening News. Some drivers seem to think a one- way street means that it is a place where they can drive wl way they want to. —————— Easily Identified. From the Lexington Leader, You can tell a native at a Winter resort. He Is the one who apologizes for the weather, Very Few, However. From the Oakland Tribune. A few ball teams in the country sur~ prise one and all by behaving as the critics predicted. s _ And Few Fumble, Too. From the Florence (Ala,) Herald. NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M. OLD CIVILIZATIONS OF THE NEW WORLD. A. Hyatt Verrill. The Bobbs-M¢ Co. Columbus discovered America in 1492. Certainly. Every schoolboy knows this as he knows, too, the tremendous se- quences which have followed that event up to this very day of power and prom- iss on the part of the Western Hemi- sphere as a whole. Columbus discovered America—that is, he and his successors discovered the top layer of it. And upon this vast expanse of top-soil man has, within the past 400 years, built amaz- ingly. Explorer, adventurer, pioneer, settier and soldier of fortune rushed into the new field. Here they found only the wilderness and hordes of red men, strange and troublesome beings, an offense to Christian peoples. Their extermination became a clear duty. So, wars ensued. And these gave o‘u’- tunity also to European mvalries. And empire grew in the immemorial way of battle and conquest. Till, finally, there appears l_rgmlnh of blended hope and dismay. is is history. Public educa- tion has imposed it upon the upcoming generations to fit them for the'wole of free men in a free land. * K ok ok As matter of fact it took science to discover America, actually. Half a thousand years after the recorded event itself along came Science, the youngest and lustiest of human developments, a prodigy of achievement which is liter~ ally making an old world over into a new one. And Science said, “Now watch me, and you will see what you will see.” With pick and shovel Science fell to, digging down into a presumably virgin earth. Layer by layer, soll and rock were lifted and thrown aside. Year by year, little by little, the work went on under the oversight of this modern magician, Now, finally, the miracle begins to appear. Even so far, it dis- closes citles, cultures, age-old civiliza- tions, lying deep under the feet of this hurrying, achieving age of men who, all unconscious, look upon themselves as the beginning and end of creation itself—certainly as its glorious end. * ok ok % It is the story of these ancient cities buried in the soil of America that Mr. Verrill offers to readers. And of all the fabulous tales that this greatest of romancers, Mother Earth herself, has held back for the ultimate amaze- o Supasing strangoness, Floturo It o g strangeness. Picture Here, deep in the soil of America, lie cities, more than one, the oldest in the world and among the most considerable in their,record of the passage of man !romery to_civilization. Here is a cl in buried ruins of thousands thousands of years of the schooling mankind toward the peint at which he now stands. Mexico, Central Amer- iea and South America constitute the chief seat of this discovery up to the present time. Yet we go across the world to look upon the and upon the Sphinx as among the chief marvels of man’'s accomplishments a long-forgotten flenflod of time. A Sphinx at home, m whom answers to the riddle of life may be wrested— just possibly may be wrested—by the of this neweomer, Scien ‘Three important introductory chap- ters lead to the matter in hand by way gg T'l.n ducudnx:h:l the n;lo th‘m aring vpon origin of man New d, alse ture and creasing _expa it habit and action serve as factors in ‘mathematical problem of human .~wau~%w broulhtmmw. ject under “consideration. ting, even old Cocle culture, said to ancient of Central American cultures. Here are monuments, graves, vuh,as. the ll‘ed of a mfl‘ flerl’ulmI:mpll n““: idols. are {fragme of o sacrificial and personal appearance re- vive under the constructive art of sci- entific efficiency. t ha) ‘What was it that worked destruction xrn an entire culture? More theories, plausibly based, come to the con- sideration of the reader by this profes- * ok ok X No matter how scared you get, and ] is no the -laden tree | the Astecs and the On you must go to that story of Tiahuanaco, “the oldest city Ame! ” a holy city aroumsd Wi legends swarm, within which #re aban- doned monoliths, the evidence of arti- ficial hills, water systems, perfection of stone cutting, the largest single sculp- ture yet known, portraits and much ef There are other cities in mounds and ruin§, innumerable mummies showing an ancient bul custom. . Architee- ture, in ruin,’is nevertheless individual and of h order. Great engineel A o1 these. Ton-paried peopie, - As o long-! people, _As- tronomy is within the grasp of these anclents, a calendar in common use. * X k% Each has his own way of reading. 'Orderly folks. begin at the beginning, moving forward with the matter in hand. Some pick ‘and choose, Wa! ward readers who, more than likely, are in search of a start hears some marks of familiarity. A case in point: I had read something of the investi- gations of a scientific foundation among the Mayan ruins of Yucatan. So, as matter of course, I boszn the: a trifle at home and tremen terested with that old buried Chichen- Itza, whose sacrificlal ceremonial to the gods of rain becomes an austere tragedy such as no dramatist has, as yet, been able to projegt in its epic truth and terror. But wherever you begin in the story of these various places you are certain to move back and forth among them until, finally, | 38 full round—more it is certain. For here, in ean ap- and you have e picturesque wmmlr of great. moment, as it is also wmctgin{ that dives into the astonished interes! of all. Myth, legend, falry tale, ad- venture, romance and fiction must pay deference in any reader’s mind to this d of the hands ,mmv:ru.l wonder besi | I Have we had the pleasure of serving you through our Wi n Informa- | tion Bureau? Can't we be of some help to you in your problems? business is to furnish you with author- itative information, and we invite you to ask us any guestion of fact in which you are in Send your inquiry to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Q. How many types of airplanes are there in this country?—J. N. A. There are over various types of asirplanes in the United States at the present time. Q. Which State has the most stand- ing timber?—F. M. G. A. The Forest Service says thal Oregon has more standing timber than any other State of the Tinion. Q. How are officers listed who leff the N;:ry to join the Confederacy?— F. E. A. The Navy Department says that the officers who resigned Irom the United States Navy to join the f"fll’l- federate Navy are still listed as “dis- Congress to temove. the. stigma. frm ess re: lhen‘nrlmel of these officers, but it was never put through. . Please explain the difference be- tw?en an ambassador and a minister and between an embassy and a legation. —M. H. W. A. An ambassador is head of an em- bassy and a minister is head of a lega- tion. Under international law and usage an ambassador is the personal repre- sentative of the sovereign or head of & state and is accredited directly to the sovereign or head of another state. A minister is, under international law and usage, the representative of the govern- ment (as distinct from the head of the state) and is accredited to the govern- ment of another state. Theoretically an irectly with the sovereign or the head gr the state to which he is accredited, and likewise may correspond directly Our | plication of & thin A "bill was_brought up in|A. ambassador has the right to converse Lo with the sovereign or head of his own country. A minister, on the other hand, in theory carries on his correspondence ‘with the minister of foreign affairs of the state to which he is accredited, and similarly corresponds with his own gov- ernment through the minister of for- eign affairs of his own country. In practice the duties of an ambassador and a minister are the same. At social and official functions an aml on rank takes account of his su) precedence over a m A e R e use?—N. A. The art of painting over textile fabrics with oil preparations to make them is probably nedrly as old as textile manufacture itself. are several processes, many based on that contained in Dr. Stenhouse’s pat- ent of 1864. Wlbel’fll’ooflng by the ap- A yer o‘lnl’u’l:bel ':n“ first suggested by Besson ance 1793. His method was improved on by Mackintosh and Hancock in Glasgow and Goodyear in the United States. Q. How often do earthquakes occur?— D.M.N 'A. 1t is estimated that at least 4,000 earthquakes occur anmually in some part of the world. In the United States 2,000 or more are reported each year. The majority, however, are feeble or harmless or occur in thinly populated Q. How long are the Catacombs?— ) 2 The length of the Catacombs at A Rome is estimated at 578 miles. Q. Who is Edmund Shaftesbury?— G. H. F. 'A. Bdmund Shaftesbury js the pseu- donym of the late William Edgerly. Q. How can the color be set in cotton dresses before they are washed?— . R. E. A. The Buresu of Home Economics the household methods of soaking ?xilm in salt, alum, pepper, vinegar and various other solutions &s a means of “setting” the color are largely a waste of time and materials. }Flfimldh the color will not run from a dyed fabric as long as it remains in & saturated solution of salt or alum, this has no permanent effect on the dye. after treatment in this way is just as likely to fade when washed later in the way. No successful household methods of setting the color in dyed fabrics are known. Q. When were alarm clocks invent- 7—C. R. SR & not dennitely known when the first alarm clock was made. Alarm ts are as old as the mecheni- were proh:;y . How do European high schools dif- rarm«gznmmmw-mr— ¥ o in” Burope high schools, or what e g e F from: about the 3 en al course. Pup‘fla' oy e o y'are ready, o n?;‘tme of t, England and sn entigely different Q. How is sypes) mAA t is & chemical native. , BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V, COLLINS. our Inde- evils in law enforcement is due to con- &M‘m‘nm with her. In the cen- aooe mast s electa in cours most of ec pros while America has ed, 4 brought it about.” W“‘;I:w Justice from el Semn o st 3 glophoble, who, in, his preju e vinced self that we had not only cut loose from England existing at the time |land is cipal reform was brought t.lucltln prin p‘w‘m ~ our 3 3 e beyond question the outstand- ing reform in British legal history, and uanuug ‘about '-hu:e Tatinction between English umsl l"xarumt ffi; our own. The bar gener s .uehll reform. The laymen * k¥ ¥ All honor to the “Ia; thuuth!‘v:!lll en” who have Sl reea ubdheveryining Eng- | sl inferest lish. But it cannot surprise our law- ek, i 1 nnertance, o qubes circumlocutions lh':lv‘mwl for the express purpose of de- feating statutory law and common juse it £ mmsm‘ v little boy tice,” , “a poot :; :":vh?hnd pushed a stick through & broken window and pulled out some ced to death for burglary.” Common sense and humaneness re- acted against such extremes of the stat- utory law, and the judges and hvmh ? gnm’-eomwfll!p!nee.wunn- * kXK work of amending England's Tht:nl code of procedure in erimf ; that of amen America’s code ther | 1851; that of ding . has just now begun Hovnr’ ’s mational ohservance noteworthy e N rante to public sentiment, the obligation of all citizens, 'and “En- forcement” refers only the courts and executive - m.‘nlnweludhu »ol:fe ttorneys, acticing at~ e are fwom of the courts ‘; and gflr duty is enforcément of law, 10 quibbling and fencing for the de- foat by the feat of justice even though paid to the LR I 1t is recognized that the situation is extremely difficult to reach, since the lawyers profit by the very evils that ety to Heaven for correction. Will ordi~ lawyers move to abolish quibbles? Why, it is quibbles which give them their livelihood—as well overcrowd the dockets of all courts and cause the throttling of plain justice and the escape of criminals, as is testified by Judge Edward J. Henning in his offi- clal report to the Unil States De- partment of Justice in 1927. He re- “Most of the rules of practice, the courts, which we imported from Eng- land, were based upon conditions ex- isting in that country several centuries ‘They were inf | to ter of a century. Eng! forms were the result of more than half a century of agitation and tenta~ tive legislation; and it is to be noted The New York Crime reported: has | such ered rules governing the operation of the y “un position of a mere figure. hMm or mlot‘ less moderator.” He said: “To see that the facts are ascer- tained and made cleaz athcr, han 5 d o i is honufiym ‘and fearlessly applied to acts, and that no air ad- vantage is taken by any —this, 1 submit, is the sul unction of the er?.fi”"‘"' judge in institution ury.” “Buc wbh{» Lrl{ovn that such a change will be brought about voluntarily by the quibblers of the bar? Like Othello, they “My occupation's here, as it did in Eng the responsibility of public sentiment— not the hope of the g which depends on quil income. E The quibble system in England (now reformed) was. due to & y complacence with the ‘l’lquor laws attempt to draw paral- lell::t'n:mm‘ u‘tnd the old B':fi.‘&"; seve; an jus! 0] laws o‘ the ground {hlg they are “op- As breakers proved themselves to be majority, by clamor and assumption of superiority, when every State, except two, overwhelmingly = enacted the eighteenth amendment, and every time the enforcing laws have been consid- in they have received sn But the liquor mbqunu’ mflhvl.: m! respect for all law. m o or % A-aa:'tl.’ Susice Stone of the ‘United preme Court above even The “reform of court ‘procedure “yne spirit of obedience to law, and zeal for enforcement.” % t examples of respect for Sumeaments. by St Eime Howsr, nou Y British .:‘nh-d‘x States, to m |