Evening Star Newspaper, May 15, 1929, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY......May 15, 1929 THEODORE W. NOYES.... E;'li!or The Evening Star Newsnaper Compan: Business Office: :1th St. and Pennssivania Avs. New York Office 110 East 42nd St. Late Michigan Building. Revent St. London, . snine Sta 45c per menth tening and (when 4 Sunds The Evening and Sunday Star (when X Sundavs) 65¢ per month | The Sunday Star 5c ver copy | Coliection macde At ihe end af ssch menth. | Orders may be sent i by mail or telephone Main 5000. 60c per month Rate by Mail—Pavable in Advance. Varviand and Virginia. Drjly ard Sunday... | vr.$1060: 1 mo. D oniv 1vr. 6000 1 mo. § Sunday enly 157 $4.00: 1 mo. oc | — | ANl Other Sta‘es and Canada. Datie and Sunday. 1 rr.$1200: 1 mo. Dail> oniv 150, rp00: 1 Mo Sunday only 1 vr. §500: 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Acenciaied Proce s ecclnelsaly eniitled | 16 the ure far repuhlication of all news die- Parches croiited 1o It aF Aot Gherwies crod: Bea in (hix paper and” it the s | e | I blind our eyes to the facts. The de- | gree of literacy in American rural com- munities is not, and never has been, a proper subject for boasting. When Americans term themselves the best- |educated people on earth they are stretching the facts. We never éan make thet claim truthfully 8o long as y | the crossronds schoolhouse continues to | form calls for peace, ni be regarded £s an cfficient educational machine. His'ory and biography give only part of the picture. We read of the Ameri- can hero trudging miles over snow drifted roads, books and lunch box un- der his arm, to the little schoolhouse. He worked hard, was honest, and his admiring countrymen made him Presi- dent, he invented the automobile, or | something to that effect. So far as it goes, this is very good. The little red schoolhouse probably served very well (he needs of the strong personaMy with a brilliant and original mind. It served him by letting him alone. It gave him a few hours each day for a few months each year away from the burden of farm work. The farmhouse garret or the haymow would have served him almost as well. But he was one among many. The 4. | traditional picture does not show the | great number “who never could read | No Time for Delay. farm relief bill has pnssed both | of Congress. but with a d.ffer-| ence. The House bill moets the views of | th~ Hoover administration. The Senate | bill does violence to the administration’s | views. It confains the export debenture | Pplan, which has been renounced and de- . nounced by Mr. Hoover as unsound and ; calculated to cause a tremendous over- ' production. Th2 struggle now come: between the two houses, the one up: holding the President in regard to the | dcbenture and the other opposing it. The voie in the Senate was 54 to 33 on the passage of the bill. The House passed its bill by 367 to 34. Without the debenture clause it is likely that| nearly the entire Senate would have voted for the bill, though some of the supporters of debenture and anti-admin- istration Senators might have registered their votes against it. The inclusion of debenture in the Senate bill was brought about by a coalition of Democrats and insurgent Republicans from the West. The probabilities are the House will not vield to the Senate cn the deben- ture and in the end that clause will be stricken out and the bill sent to the President for his approval. There is & | certain compelling influence likely to| bring about comparatively early action on this farm relief bill. It is the ele- ment of time and the desire on the part of the Repmblicans, if not the Democrats, ‘to put through a measure to give the farmers some relief during the crop season of the present year. President Hoover has not said flatly fhat he would veto the farm bill if it comes to him containing the debenture plan. But those who run may read be- tween the lines of the President’s state- ment to the Senate committse on agri- eulture in which he attacked debenture. . During the last two Congresses the .farmers of the country were denied the £id which & Federal farm board wisely administered might have given them. They were denied this aid because of | another coalition between Democrats and Republicans in support of the so- called equalization fess plan. Twice farm bill carrying that feature was vetoed by former President Coolidge. It is true that some of the supporters of the debenture plan are entirely hon- est in their conviction that it should pass as an aid to the farmer. On the other hand, there are members of the | Senate who have “held the nose” and voted for debenture because of political yeasons. It will be a sad commentary on the National Legislature if the| American farmer is again to be denied | a real beginning in the governmental effort to aid him because of politics. The farm relief bill should be passed as promptly as possible minus the de- benture and sent to the President for his approval. No one has suggested that the bill as approved by the President is to be the last thing in farm aid. Other measures may be enacted and ghould be enacted as the conditions| warrant. To delay indefinitely giving the farmer the benefit of the Hoover plan while for political reasons mem- bers wrangle over an economically un- sound proposition would be the height of folly. ——— Reparation figures afford another re- minder that even the expert account- ants are not infallible. R “There must be a systematic war on crime. The idea is of olden and re- spected origin and entirely undisputed. - Little Red Schoolhouse. The “little red schoolhouse” long has been & fundamental element of the in- digenous Americen legendry, folk lore and poeiry. Altar of education in the wilderness, foster mother of great intellects, maker of men, shrine of hallowed memories— the storm-battered little structure at the crossroads, with its initial-carved desks and its flzgpole, presents a glamourous | picture to the popular mind. Criticism to many will seem almost blasphemy. This is true, espectally if | the criticism come from such a man as Dr. William J. Cooper, United States commissioner of education. Dr. Cooper’s expressed desire to abolish the institu- | tion may strike the popular mind with almost the same disagreeable force as a proposal to tear down Mount Vernon or Faneuil Hall. But a tradition cannot be allowed to block the progress of American educa- tion. The geience of educatien, like every other ®cience, is self-destructive. No institution can rest on its reputa- tion. The little red schoolhouse was a primitive contrivance adapted to primi- tive conditinne. It served well enough in its time and place—partly because it afforded the only mezns of education at hand. At the best, the tradition had none too s a foundation. Its wide- spread glorification tended to blind the eyes of the people Lo the real deficiencies of the American educational system. Dr. Cooper is not the first prominent educator to express the desire that the crossroads schoolhouse was well out of the picture. His predecessor, Dr. John J. Tigert, used to de building in a liitle place, where a little woman, who knew a little about a little, taught a lit'le to Lttle things.” That was approximately true. | sion. Washington knows ihe it as “a little | printing.” despite t tretions of the teacher in “the litlle red schoolhouse.” They were the ordinary, unambitious, uninspired minds, who never left the farms. The one-room schoolhouses gradually | are being eliminated in most States in favor of up-to-date consolidated schools. The faster the process the better for American education. .- Utilities Commissioner Patrick. One of the Ar outstanding engi- neer officers when the United States| entered the World War, Col. Mason M. Patrick, then on duty at Washington Barracks commanding the 1st Regiment of Engineers. was bustled off to France and made chief engineer of the budding A. E. F's lines of communication. Later he was placed in charge of con- struction and forestry operations of the | Army in France and still later he was chosen for the difficult task of whipping into shape & raw combat air force. After the war he came back to Wash- ington as Assistant Chief of Engineers and in 1921 he was made chief of the Army Alr Service. How he donned | fiying togs and learned not merely to fiy_ but to fly well, at an age when many | men are talking about their blood pressure and seeking the comfort of arm chairs in snug offices: how he won the respect and the admiration of every man who wore the wings of the Army Air Corps: how he fought their battles for distinct recognition as a spe- cialized and separate unit of the Na- tion's defense, and how he retired in 1927 with a fine record of administra- {ive achievement are chapters in avia- tion history with which most of us who read the newspapers are well familiar. ‘Washington, which first met Gen. Patrick back in 1901 as one of the young engineer officers on duty with the Chief of Engineers, which renewed the ac- quaintance when he was statloned here just before the war and which came to know him intimately after the war, welcomes him back now as a civilian member of its Public Utilities Commis- im as & man whose diligent application of profes- sional knowledge, faithfulness to duty and a rare personality have enabled him | to master the many tasks he has been called upon to perform. There are few man whom President Hoover could have chosen who possess, at the very outset of his duties as Public Utilitles Commissioner, the trust and confidence of the community already won by Gen. Patrick. His technical skill will be a valuable asset to the community in the work of reallocating transportation lines. His sound and un- prejudiced judgment will serve the com- munity in the problems that concern the fair regulation of utilities in the Interest of the public. And his knowl- edge of aviation may soon be demanded on a public utilities body that eventually must recognize air transportation as coming within the full meaning of & necessary public utility, ——r—————— ‘When a President lands a fish it is a photographer who manages to get & snapshot of it who is really most proud. R VTS The British Elections. Two weeks hence, on May 30, John Bull goes to the polls in one of his quin- quennial general elections that decide the complexion of the House of Com- mons and the British government. The campaign is winding to a finish amid one of those whirlwinds of popular ex- citement with which we Americans were familiar as recently as the Fall of 1928. From a number of angles the British campaign s fraught with unusual in- terest The United Kingdom has now gone definitely over to the three-party system. General elections there are no longer .fought, as traditionally, between Conservatives and Liberals, but between Conservatives, Liberals and Labor. La- bor is a factor the older parties had so seriously to Teckon with five years ago that it achieved power and held office, though its reign was brief. Today the cohorts of Messrs. Ramsay MacDonald and Philip Snowden are in from the second strongest party in Parliament Into the dominant group. once more will send for Mr. MacDonald and ask him to form & cabinet. For the second time Labor's banners would perch above No. 10 Downing street and Westminster Hall. Whether the old-time parties can stem the rising tide of Labor semi- socialism appears to be the paramount issue in Britain. As unemployment is the bone of contention around which election controversy mainly rages, the Labor party hopes to emerge as the chief beneficiary of popular discontent with existing industrial conditions. It is possible that British volers mey recall a Labor governiment's previous effort to grapple with unemployment, which was at least as serious in 1924 as it is in 1929, and convince themselves that Mr. MacDonald and his friends, on the rec- ord of the past, hold out nothing better for the future. Mr. Lloyd George, at the head of the R¢ al parly, is offering tempting pana- ceas for the cure of unemployment by There is no good purpose served by - 10 advocating a colossal program of public he spasmodic minis- | battle array, hoping 2t the end of this | month to convert themselves once again | If they succeed in doing so, King George | THE. EVENING lll\' foes of seevetly making common | eause with Labor, &nd of readiness to | | enter a coalition government with that | porty. | The C¢ vatives, under l‘rrmlN" | Stanley Baidwin, hope to retain nmer.l | though perhaps with diminished | strength in ths Commons. Their plat- | al limitation | | and continued safrguarding of Britain’s | industrial interests &t home and over- { They are calling this “the flapper | "r)rrlmn“ in Great Eritain bescause mil- | {lions of newly enfranchised | young wemen voters will go to the polls for the first time. It is well within 'hr! range of possibilities that “the flapper | vote” will throw a decisive weight into | the balance on May 30. Elevators in the District. The tragic death of Mme. Maric Fiot and her cleven-month-old baby in the | shatt of a self-operating elevator, which was on Monday characterized by the | coroner's jury as accidental, due to the | fact that a short circuit In the inter- locking device permitted the elevator to | move, although both doors were open, certainly should point the way to| stricter regulation for this type of lift. | Self-operating elevators are used in a | good many apartment houses and | private dwellings in this city. The; are supposedly entirely safe. The acci- | dent to Mme. Fiot, however, disturbs | this supposition, and the explanation that a simple grounded wire permitted this tragedy will not satisfy those per- sons who are compelled to ride in them. It has been only in the past two years that the District government has in- sisted upon the installation in all eleva- tors of an inside door that moves with the machine. The elevator cannot bz operated unless this door is closed. Business firms, hotels and apartment | houses which employ operators were forced to spend thousands of dollars for this installation, yet at the District Building, wherein the city heads of de- partments maintain their offices, there are no inside doors to be observed in the operation of the elevators. All self-service lifts, of course, have the inside doors, but an anomalous sit- uation is presented when the District government will lay down the law to business houses, disobey it at the Dis- trict Building, and permit installation and operation of self-service lifts that, through a grounding of a wire, which is liable to happen at any time, can cause the death of any one unfortunate enough to be entering or leaving them. “The layman finds it hard to believe that a self-operating elevator cannot be made with safety devices that will prevent such an accident as that of Mme. Piot, but easy to believe that if this type of elevator can- not be thus constructed, then it should be barred altogether. And the business men cannot understand why | they should be forced to spend thousands of dollars to equip elevators run by op- erators with multitudinous safety de- vices and pay an inspector a dollar and a quarter per elevator every four months to look 1t over, and yet have the Dis- trict and Federal governments entirely indifferent to the regulations in their own buildings. R Rioting students in Des Moines, Jowa, who resent codes of teaching, might contribute something valuable to cur- rent thought by indicating lucidly ex- actly what they are rioting about. e A perturbed and romantic world would experience relief if Col. Charles Lindbergh could find it agreeable to settle down in a safe suburb and com- mute. ——— ‘The White House remains & compara- tively simple—even a primitive—struc- ture. Yet no one is quite prepared to request a modern skyscraper Executive Mansion. e —e— A Chinese war is difficult to under- stand, inasmuch as its original cause may relate to numerous centuries gone by. ——— A 200 scientist died from rattlesnake venom. He made pets of snakes and experienced the usual result of such eccentric trustfulness. e e SHO OTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Companionship. Sometimes, when I am all alone, I hear & voice,in friendly tone, That sings a quaint, familiar lay, An echo from the far away. | The jest resounds from vanished days. | Heroes of old invoke new praise; And dear companionships are known Sometimes, when I am all alone. Quest of Comedy. “People say your stories are not as | funny as they used to be.” “Well,” sighed Senator Sorghum. “I find 1t hard to find stories that seem as funny as some of theé audiences I have to face!” Jud Tunkins says if everybody told the truth there would be even more | families that aren't on speakin’ terms. | Fishing. A fish was rising to the fiy. Stout was the arm and Hope was High. | And then Fate played a sorry trick— ‘The camera forgot to click. Socialism. “Are you a Socialist?” “Nope,” answered Farmer Corntossel. | “All the Soclalists T ever saw had a| grouch that didn't let 'em be soclable with anybody.” The Absentee. “Her husband very seldom | home,” said the gossip. “How does she regard his conduct,” nsked Miss Cayenne, “as a fault or a favor?” comes | “Flowers sent to a funeral” said | | Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “have |little meaning unless they have been | watered by silent te Relief Demands. : ‘The Farmer says he wants relief, In accents free. A million others cry in grief, “And s0 do we!” “How kin you uphold fam’ly disci- . snid Uncle Ebsn, “when after t=llin’ "Rasius he mustn't sheot dice, he | nuals STAR. WASHINGTON. THIS AND THAT E. TRACEWELL. The garden chronicle of the past month comprises two words: Arrested development. Prevailing cool nights and mornings, with a surplus of rain, heve resulted in a minimum of plant growth all along the line. Many a garden lings which are not a_quart inch higher today than the knows zinnia seed- er of an re when the unseasonably warm weather of the | latter part of March and early April made them spring into being open have not done so well, showing until warm weather really ar- rives and stays. does no harm, of course, to T the season i this way if one does mind wasting a few cents’ worth of seed—and maybe the appearance of the home flower garden Perhaps the case isn’t as bad as it sounds. We have no data on hand to prove that seedlings which suffer from cold and grow poorly for the first month or 50 of their life in the sun and air do not do as well in the end as if they had been planted at a minimum tem- perature of 60 degrees. There is some evidence sh to the best flowers foliage. out setback develop and the most luxuriant x % ok x One should avoid above all the temp- tation to feriilize heavily these bac ward seedlings. Lack of growth is not the plant’s fault. Weather conditions are responsible. No seedling at by the application of more than a pinch of fertilizer. nights. In other sunshine and warm b2 reheated to words. the earth must be held at that point from now on. Once we get real “growing weather” again everything will go forward with A rush. and seedlings “Just inching along™” at the present time will develop into real plants. Xk ook Shrubs and herbaceous plants have made satisfactory growth despite the weather. Peonies and iris have done well. The latter is in full bloom at this writing, so that every one miay see how nicely this splendid flower has done. The taste for the iris grows on one. It is not one of the flowers which most people instinctively like. In regard to the the great mass of the people, for some peculiar reason or other. are in the same boat with babies which attend the Zoo. Small infants undoubtedly see the animals, but they do not distinguish them. So with the average “man on the street.” an iris plant is just something growing. It suffers the same fate as the gladiolus. One must undergo a new birth. in re- gard to these two flowers, before he is able to appreciate them, to under- stand_them, 1f you will. Perhaps {his awakening may come at a flower show, or while standing in frout of & florist’s window. Maybe a chance sight of an array of iris growing against a white garage will turn the trick. Whenever the conversion comes, the floral _convert will be amazed that he had hitherto passed up so much of beauty without recognition. Is not this the history of all con- versions? * K oK X ‘The rose is a flower that every one seems to like instinctively. This does not mean that it is more beautiful, or any more charming in the garden, but_simply that it is instinctively liked. This universal flower, queen of them all, has not done as well this Spring BY FREDERIC Speaker Longworth, Representative Tilson and other Republican power wielders are blushing modestly amid the bouquets that are being tossed in their direction because of the way the House does business, compared to the dawdling performances in the Senate. Comment reaching Washington clearly indicates that 1t is to the lower branch of Congress that the country is coming to look for real legislative leadership. Once upon a time the House enjoyed unchallenged repute in that respect. In recent years the Senate has rather usurped first place in public esteem. Now the pen- dulum is again swinging strongly to- ‘ward the House, and if events of the special session continue as they have begun, the Senate is in danger of for- felting its veunted prestige for keeps. On farm relief the House has func- tioned like & steam engine. The tarift does not seem destined for such easy sledding there, but Messrs. Longworth, Tilson, Snell and Hawley are confident they can keep things within bounds, pass the bill early in June and thus maintain the reputation the House has been steadily winning for dispatch and dignity. i * K kX It is, of course, & far easier proposi- tion for Leader Tilson, with a G. O. P. majority of 100 or more, to run things in the House than it is for Leader Wat- son, with a tissue-paper majority of 16, to do business in the Senate. A horse of another color, too, is the House rule for limitation of debate, as against the uncheckable flow of words permissible in the Senate. Still another considera- tion that makes for promptness in the House, as cgainst procrastination in the Senate, is that—incongruous as it sounds—it’s simpler to manage 435 men than 96. An old congressional hand says that “Jack” Tilson has a sinecure com- pared to “Jim" Watson, because men coming up for re-election every two years are more “pliable” than men who only have to face the guns every six years. Representatives constantly have Tavors to ask of House leaders—favors that mean strengthening their home fences. Leaders bestow favors if follow- ree to play ball. The scratch- my-back-and-T' system prevail not nearly to the effective extent that it rules in the House. * o * K has achieved the miracle of spinning a brand-new Coolidge yarn, of which he himself is the hero. Shortly after Mitchell was appointed Solicitor Gen- eral in 1925 the President entertained him at dinner. After dinner, while they were smoking on the White House por- tico, Mr. Coolidge burst forth in one of his cryptic, monosyllabic remarks. “The Solicifor General hasn’t much time for speech making, has he?” the President twanged. Mitchell says he has never quite made out whether it was an ex- ecutive hint that he was to refrain flection on his political rfMliations, which were (or are) Democratic. W A The correspondent of a New England newspaper recently wired a siory to the effect that Representative Ruth Hanna | McCormick of 1llinois “has now trimmed her sails_for & fight with Senator De- neen.’ It got into print “trimmed her nails * K ok ok Fame is a fleeting thing, sure enough, One day this week a gray- haired gentleman of unusually mbdest demeanor strolling along Penn- sylvania avenue, looking inlo shop windows. No one knew him. His name i Orville Wright, of | fiying. If it had been * e exploits would never have been po: sible except for the Wright brother: {brings home enough money to pay de ot ML i et A the police would havs had to clear ihe street to keep Lrafic moving Most things grown from seed in the | again the futility of planting the an- | show, | however. that plants which grow with- | this | time is in a condition to be benefited | What little plants need more than | food at the present time is plenty of | fhe point it was a month ago. and must | you- | cratch -yours | in the Senate, too, but | Attorney General William D. Mitchell | from spellbinding or just a subtle re-| | as it would have done had the weather been more favorable For all its toughness, being a shrub, { the rcse Is sensitive fo inimical fac- tors, emong which may be included continued damp and gloomy weather, which favors the development of mil dew, black spot and other fungous diseases. Continued rain also tends to poor opening of blossems, discoloration of the edges of petals, and fewér blossoms. ‘The rose is a sunshine-loving plant, one which demands as much sun as possible for its best blossoming, Fear of sunshine. a curious feeling with many amateur gardeners, is utterly out of place when considering the rose Sunshine from morning till night is the one fundamental rose necessity. Not that most varieties will not do well | if deprived of it for half a day. But they certainly will not do as well. Sunshine helps check diseases fact, will almost end them if the plant can at the same time be kept dry. This a sort'of ‘“counsel of per- fection,” of course, impractical in most gardens. southern side, where it will enjoy sun- shine all day long. If this planting can also be beneath an overhang of 2 feet in width, it will shelter the bush from all except dri | ing_rains. In such a situation a rosebush will be practically free from disease, and pests will be at a minimum, and the bush will give bigger and more flowers than ordinarily. X ok oo The effect of the weather upon the gardener, too, must be considered. Just as there are some people who profess to like the dark meat of turkey betten than the white, so there are a few gardeners who say that they like “cool, crisn weather” for gardening. We set them down for liars, perhaps | uncharitably enough. and let it go at that. What pleasure is there digging in the ground with raw hands and shivers chasing up and down one’s | backbone? There_is earth when it is cold. No doubt it is Ilhr' dampness ociated with the cold. “Massa’s in the Cold, Cold Ground” was | no_poetical effusion, but the truth. Morning temperatures of 45 and 50 | degrees are not high enough to be con- ducive to genuine garden enjoyment any more than they are to the best | growth of plant Roaming cats, bounding dogs, chesty robins—these may enjoy cool weather, nothing colder than the | but the average human being who digs | {in the ground will like gardening more | when the thermometer on the back porch says 60 to 70 degrees. When the first slightly warm days of | early Spring arrive every one wants to | throw off his coat, grab the rake and | toil at the lawn until the novelly wears |off. A chilly atmosphere is expected then, but when it coniinues for days and weeks, and the furnace is kept running, and even the sturdy althea bushes ap: pear rather bleak and undecided about ringing forth! with their leaves, the ardent gardener finds his enthusiasm declining bit by bit even when he willingly would be otheywise. ‘This cannot be helped. A gardener grows with the weather along with his plants, He is not a hundred per cent gardener the year around, but reaches his maximum—if he has the real tem- perament—during the hot months and declines with the flowers in the Fall. ‘That is why many of us are not able to get up any great enthusiasm for the Autumn garden. Our spirit is on the wane with the flowers. We share their joys and sorrows and when Autumn comes we are ready to quit with them. For a further elucidation of this point we refer the ambitious to Richardson Wright's new volume, “The Gardener's Bed Book,” wherein he says much the eame thing. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS WILLIAM WILE Wright was passing through Wash- ington en route to a meeting of the National Advisory Council on Aeronau- tics at Langley Field. He seldom flies nowadays, because the vibration in a plane, he finds, always brings back an attack of the sciatica which he's sul fered ever since he and his late broth- er Wiibur were injured in a emash at | Fort Myer. Orville will be 88 years old this Summer, * ok ok % Eddie Savoy, colored doorkeeper of the Secretary of State's office, recently gave a characteristic exhibition of the diplomatic tact he's acquired after nearly 60 consecutive years in the State Department. Former Secretary Kellogg was calling to pay his respects to his successor, Secretary Stimson. While the two statesmen were conferring Col. Stimson sent out for & glass of ice water, Eddie not only produced it, but took in, on the same tray, a glass for Mr. Kellogg, not failing to remember that the lalter takes his water iceless and several degrees warmer than Secre- ‘tary Stimson prefers. Savoy began ush- | Hamilton Pish in 1869, during the Grant administration, and has guarded the same portal for 20 Secretaries of State since then. Nobody knows just how old of 90. * K K X Newspapers are not always friendly | the rule in Kansas. Rumors were cir- | culated that Frank P. MacLennan of | the Topeka State Journal was going to start a Sunday edition as a rival to Senator Arthur Capper's Daily Capital. The Journal denied story and announced that “Topeka has a good Sunday paper in the Capi- tal.” Not to be outdone in Chester- fieldian politeness and good _sport manship, Senator Capper wrote Mac- |Lennan a letter beginning “Dear | Frank,” which congratulated him on | his reported enterprise, and said that | “Topeka’s two daily newspapers are | triendly competitors.” W precedence and questions have obtained superimpor- tance in Washington, people’s titles are coming to count for more than usual, it appears. At any rate, when a certain couple reached a recent dip- | | | Since co-related flunkey adjacent to the hostess asked for “the name, please,” was, “the chlef of the division of |oils, fats and waxes, and Mrs. Smithers.” (Copyright. 18 = s High Pay Increases Teaching Standards Prom the San Francisco Bulletin. An encouraging bit of news is the one which tells of the gift of $250.000 toward an endowment fund to increase teachers' salaries made to a_Penns | vania boys' school by Edward W. Hark- | ness, philanthropist. Many such gifts | are sorely needed. The teaching profes- | sion should offer inducements compara- | ble to intensive training. Requirements should be high. ‘Then advisers in col- leges would not be forced to discourage countless teacher aspirants. The course itself would do that. Hard work win- nows surely. Endowment funds for these intensive courses would help. Students of criminology are becom- | ing increasingly interested in the train- | ing of the child, believing crime can | thus be decreased not a little. The idea is.sound. But first we must carefully | train those who are to train the child. | Like all worth-while undertakings it re- | auires money to begin. Like the sales- man’s pet project it will “more than | pay for itself” in an incredibly short time. i ) o in | Sometimes it is possible to| plant a rose next to a house on the| ering people into the office of Secretary | the foreign service's oldest career man | is, but it must be somewhere this side ! rivals, but the exception appears to be | the ! lomatic receiving line, and the liveried | the answer | ’ Politics at Large By G. Gould Lincoln. ‘When Mrs. Ruth Hanna McCormick. Representative at large from Illinois, announced a few days ago she would be a candidate for the seat in the Senate now held by Senator Charles Deneen, the expected happened. Mrs. McCormick has been active politically for years, and many of her friends as well as supporters of Senator | Deneen, had figured her election to the House was merely a preliminary step toward candidacy for the Senate. Her entry into the senatorial primary next year means a hot fight. She is a resourceful, clever politician, with abil- ity to present her arguments clearly {and forcibly to the electorate. She | demonstrated her ability in this respect quite clearly during the campaign last year. Mrs. McCormick will find, however, in the senior Senator from Illinois an opponent no less resourceful than her- self. Senator Deneen is an old hand at the game of politics. He was gov- ernor of his State and then retired from public life for approximately 12 vears. In 1924 he cetermined to enter the senatorial primary in opposition to the late Scnator Medill McCormick, who was the husband of Mrs. McCor- | mick, Senator Deneen’s new opponent. Despite the fact that the former gov- ad been more or less out of the political game for a dozen years, and the fact that Senator McCormick was & member of the Senate, the former won the nomination. The margin of his success was not so great—about elght or nine thousand votes—but it was suf- ficient. ! 1 * X k% McCormick will furnish any opposition to Senator Deneen than did her husband. She will have plenty of agvertisement and publicity. is she the first woman prominence to seek a Senate momina- tion in ome of the big, populous States of the country, but she is the widow of a Senator and the daughter of a master politician in his time, the late Senator Mark Hanna of Ohio. So far in elections for public office women have not given their support, as a general thing, to a woman candidate merely because she was a woman. ‘They have divided along political lines and over issues very much as the men are divided. It is possible that Mrs. McCormick will make a strong appeal to many of the woman voters o llli- nois. On the otner hand, the fact §hat she is & woman may militate against her, for some of the voters are dis- inclined to support a woman for the Senate, but prefer a man. ‘What issues McCormick will raise in her campaign have yet to be defined. During the last campaign she ran for Congress as a dry. Senator Deneen voted for the now famous Jones law, increasing penalties for violations of the dry law. This may be held | against him in wet Chicago, although | it is likely to militate in his favor dow State. It is not likely that Mrs. McCor- mick will bz able to benefit entirely be- cause of the opposition to the Jones law since she came out as a dry. * oK Kok Factions in the Republican party in Tllinois are numerous, especially in Chi- cago. Senator Deneen during the last year has been riding on top of the wave. His old enemies, the Crowe-Bar- rett faction and the faction led by ‘William Hale Thompson, the mayor, made a poor showing in the primaries a year ago when an aroused voting population went to the polls and regis- tered their protests against the condi- tions which prevailed in Cook County. If these enemies of Senator Deneen are taken into the McCormick camp, Mrs. McCormick will have to take with them the possible liability of their support as well as any benefits which may de- rive therefrom. Mrs. McCormick will have the support of the powerful Chi- cago Tribune, whose ownership lles largely in the McCormick family. She will have the support probably of many of the social leaders in Chicago, al- though not all of these will desert Sen- ator Deneen. A little over two years ago a sena- torial primary in Illinois was followed by an invesiigation of campaign ex- penditures by the Reed slush fund committee, In that primary, which | Col. Frank L. Smith won against the late Senator Willlam B. McKinley, it was found there had been a huge ex- penditure of money by both candidates. Col. Smith was never seated by the Senate. It was shown he had received large contributions from public utility magnates for his campaign, although he himself headed the Public Utility Commission of Illinois. Illinois is & huge State and to make a State-wide campalgn necessarily requires money. It may be expected, however, that next year's campaign will be carefully scru- tinized when it comes to the amount of expenditures. * k% % Jouett Shouse, the newly appointed chairman of the executive committee of the Democratic national organiza- tion, has selected the quarters which will be used by his organization in ‘Washington in its effort to build up and continue an active organization. They will be in the Press Building, where the Democratic national com- mittee has maintained for some time an office. Alterations are now being completed to give the Democratic ex- ecutive committee large and commodi- | ous quarters in that building. Mr. Shouse, who has been in Washington for several days but who has now left the city. expects to return by May 25. The first meeting of the Democratic executive committee, it is expected, will be held in June. Chairman Raskob of the Democratic national committee, at the time he an- nounced the appointment of Ms. Shouse to take charge of the drive to | build up a strong Democratic organiza- tion, operating 365 days in the vear, sald that monthly meetings would be held in Washington by the executive committee, which he himself plans to attend. It is rumored here that an other half million dollars has been Wiped off of the debt of the Democratic national commifttee growing out of the last campeign. Mr. Raskob said several wecks ago that the data had been re- duced from $1.500,000 to about $300,000. | lopped off this debt the remainder is only $300,000. Report has it that close friends of former Gov. Smith of New York have been generous in their con- tributions to the fund to pay off the debt. * ¥ ¥ ¥ Mayor Frank Hague of Jersey City, N. J.. apparently has won re-election, although by litlle more than 25,000 votes, the smallest lead he has ever held_in an election since he became the Democratic leader of this city and of New Jersey. Mr. Hague has been under fire for more than a year with charges of corruption lodged against him by his Republican opponents. He won re-election yesterday against a combination of his Republican and Democratic opponents. Mr. Hague is a vice chairman of the Democratic na- tional committee. Early in the cam- paign last year it was reckoned by the Democrats that Hague would be able to swing New Jersey for' Al Smith. This proved, however, to be an unwarranted hope. New Jersey went for Hoover by a tremendous majority. Since then Mr. Hague's prestige as a Democratic leader has suffered, His victory yes- terday, even though by a close margin, will be hailed as & vindication for Mr. Hague in his own home town. He has enemies among the Democrats in other counties, however, and it remains to be seen_whether he 'will be able to retain his State-wide leadership. B Front Page New: Fioin' the: Yaiina MorninayHerald. washing her face with a soap for which she has written no testimonial—and If another half million dollars has been E 12s in the 'sense of honor and pro- | / It remains to be seen whether Mrs. | hard su tronger | Not, OIII_\'l of political | The answers to questions printed here | each day are specimens from the mass of inquiries handled by our great in- formation bureau maintained in Wash- ington, D. C. This valuable service is for the free use of the public. Ask an% question of fact you may want to know and you will get an immediate reply Write plainly. inclose 2 cents in coin or | stamps for return postage and address The Evening Ster Information Bureau Frederick J. Haskin, director, Washing- | ton, D. C. Q. How does the number of radio sets in use today compare with the | number seven years ago>—J. E. £ | A. Radio Retailing says that in 1922 there were approximately 60,000 in the United States and that now there are | more than 11,000,000. | Q. At the time that the Waldorf- Astoria closed I read that it was the ! principal hotel in New York City. Does | that refer to its size or to the number | of people who patronized it?>—T. W A. It was not the largest hotel in New York City, but some idea of its clientele may be gained by the fact that | it carried 350.000 charge acounts in | Greater New York alone. Q Why are some braches, such as | Daytona, hard enough to drive a car | on, while others are so soft that a pei son walking sinks ankle-deep in the | sand?—J. J. C. A. The Geological Survey states that the reason some sand is hard enough for driving and other sand is soft is due to the shape of the grains. Wher the grains of sand are rounded, driving | is not possible and the sand is. soft At Daytona Beach the sand grains have sharp corners and the sand forms a ace for driving. Q. Is it true that dead rats are found | in the receptacles where bootleg alcohol | |is made?—J. H. F. A. James O'Donnel Bennett says that dead rats are often found in the bar- | rels of mash which are confiscated, The rats are attracted by the smell of yeast and sugar, are overcome by the fumes and fall into the liquor. Q. Who s in charge of the collection of Jewish books in the Library of Con- gress?—W. G. E. A. The guiding spirit of the Semitic division is Dr. Israel Schapiro, widely known scholar, writer and bibliog- rapher. He has been in charge of this division of the library since 10,000 vol- | umes were presented to it in 1912 by | Jacob H. Schiff as a nucleus, which | has grown into the present 30,000 vol- umes of Hebraica. Q. When were the salaries of the | members of Congress increased?— L.-W. B. A. The increase from $7.500 to $10,- 000 took effect January 1, 1927. Q. What is the difference in the use 'while” and “when”?—W. H. D. r. Frank Vizetelly says ‘hile” as a conjunction is definite and means “during the whole time that Example: “You are safe while I am here.” “When" is indefinite and means “at the time that” Example: “When the war is over, the politicians will re- new the fight.’ Q. Does the color of & person’s clothes make him easier or harder to see on a highway at night?—J. S. A. There is a decided difference. Light-colored clothes are a protection to a pedestrian. Q. Why are the Richmond Blues so well known?—B. E. L. A. The Richmond Blues have occu- pied a prominent place in the military life of Richmond since the first com- pany was formed in 1789. This com- pany's dress uniform is said to be the handsemest in America. Q. How many passengers on railroad trains in the United States were killed in accidents last year?—S. N. A. During 1928, out of the millions of passengers carried, 16 were killed in railroad accidents. Q. Who was the nurse who had 13 twins and 6 trip- lets>—P. M. S. A. Medical references frequently re- view the case of Dr. Mary Austin, a of that | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, famous Civil War nurse, who in 33 years had 44 children. Q. Why is there a place designated in the Pacific Ocean where the day be- gins?—C. 8. A. The existence of the interna- tional date line is a necessary conse- quence of the earth’s rotation on its axis. making one complete turn, from to east, every 24 hours. Since a and a night together cannot ex- 24 hours in length, it has been found necessary to have. by common agreement of civilized nations, a chosen meridian of the earth to indicate | where one day (or 24-hour period) ends and its immediate successor begins. Q. What are the lengths used by anufacturers of baby dresses?—T. W. A. The following measures are used by one large manufacturer of baby dresses: Infant's first dress, 20 inches: 1 year, 16 inches: 2 years, 17 inches 3 years, 18 inches. m: Q. When was the Amazon River dis- covered?—J. R. A. It was first discovered and as- cended by Vicente Yanez Pinzon in the year 1500. Q. Who was the singer that made “Oh, Promise Me.” famous?—S. D. A. Jessie Bartlett Davis, who years ago was prima donna of the old Boston Opera Co., sang this song, which was | interpolated in “Robin Hood.” Q. Who were the parents of Erich von Stroheim?—D. N. A. His father was colonel of the 6th Dragoons and his mother was lady- in-waiting to Elizabeth, the late Empress of Austria-Hungary. Q. On what is the Alexandrian codex ritten?—S. L. L. . “Books Before Typography"” says, “The famous Alexandrian codex. one of the earliest known copics of the Bible, is written on antelope skin.” Q. In ancient days the Spanish peo- ple used this abbreviation at the close of a letter: “Ssabsm.” Please inter- pret.—R. G. N. A. This_abbreviation is interpreted, iYour faithiul servant who Kisses yout nd.” Q. What does /8. J. A. 1t is usually translated “Farewell to the Aloha Oe” mean?— Q. How long have lead pencils been in use?>—A. L. E j A. F. W. Hamilton says that the first | distinct’ mention of lead pencils which ve have is about 1565. Q_Where is the geographical center of North America?—H. P. A. It is impossible to say definitely where the geographical center of North America is because there are many acres of land in Canada yet unsur- veyed. It is_approximately located at latitude 49'4°, and longitude 99°. Q. What land is included in Oce- ania?—T. L. A. Oceania, or Oceanica, was a des- ignation which embraced the land sur- face which remained after apportioning the continents of Eurasia, Africa and the Anfericas. The term covered Aus- tralia, the Indian Archipelago and the Pacific Islands. After Australia was set apart as a continent Oceanica was re- stricted to the Malay Archipelago and the islands of the Pacific. Q. Is the land in India held in large parcels “or divided into small ones for agricultural purposes’>—F. P. A. “India is essentially a country of small holdings,” says Sir Verney Lovett, author of “India.” “In many parts of the country the land is held mainly by |{families of peasant proprietors. In other parts the bulk of the land is owned by large proprietors, but even in such cases the tenant in chief has gen- erally been protected by a series of rent acts which not only insure him fixity of tenure during his lifetime but often grant the right of descent of the tenure to his heirs on his death. The dis- ruptive tendencies of the Hindu and Mohammedan laws have profoundly affected agricultural economy through encouraging the minute subdivision of land ¥ Fragmentation is the rule. | As Outcome The need of clarifying the law governing the qualifications of a Secretary of the Treasury is the chief conclusion drawn from the contest in the Senate over the eligibility of Secretary Andrew W. Mellon, who has held office under three Presidents. The Senate committee’s action in voting down objections to Mr. Mellon because of his holding of stock in corporations is approved by & majority of the press as a common-sense proceeding. “It is doubtful.” the Scranton Times (Democratic) believes, “if there has been a Secretary of the Treasury, in the last 25 vears at least. who did not have some stockholdings in corporations en- gaged in ‘trade or commerce.’ It might | be well,” the Pennsylvania daily gdds, | “for the Senate, now that the question | has been raised, to give attention to the amending and modernizing of the statute under_which the attack was made on Mr. Mellon.” idently tbe framers of the| statute,” according to the Buffalo| Courler-Express (independent Républic- | an), “intended to exclude only those who were directly or indirectly con cerned or interested in ‘carrying on the business, or who participated in| managing or running the business, or | in counseling and advising in Trefer ence to management. * * * I Congress Is really desirous of removing this point from the realm of politica hectoring, it clarifying the language of the sta “The experience of 140 year: Philadelphia Record (independent Dem- ocratic) says, “shows that the law is illogical, obstructive and impractical. | The dangers it seeks to avert are not to be legislated out of existence. The sole effective protection against them i | | can easily do so by! te.” priety’ which public sentiment exacts in | the conduct of Presidents and the cabinet officers they select. e Remarking that the committee “dis- covered several precedents,” the Fargo Forum (Republican) states that “these precedents, the opinion of the Attorney | General and common sense have con- | vinced everybody, except the Mellon- haters in the Senate, that Mr. Mellon is_rightfully and logically holding his | office.” The El Paso Herald (independ- | ent) declares: “It is cne of the most important departments. It calls for an | efficient man, an expert in finances, as its head. Mellon is such a man. He has been one of the best Treasury Secretaries the United States has ever | i | successful Secretary of the Treas- the San Bernardino Sun (Re- | publican) contends, “can only be a man | who has played an active part in the handling of finances, otherwise he would not have the experience neces-| sary for the post. * * * The country | generally believes that Mr. Mellon has | been a very excellent Secretary of. the | Treasury. He has served under three Presidents. He 1s credited with the responsibility for much of the stability of the credit structure of the country.” The Charleston Evening Post pendent Democratic) agrees that * | “‘whole, Mr. Mellon has done well. { “President Hoover wants trained mey | in the Government service” remarks | the Waterloo Tribune (independent (inde- n the Some time #n actress will be caught | farmers on the | Progressive). “The farmers want dirt| various Government boards which come in contact with farmers aj the agricultural business. A man to fnance and business, | | signed his numercus positions Clarifying of Law Suggested of Mellon Fight without question, fs necessary in the office of Secretary of the Treasury— more necessary now than at any time in the history of the country.” The Kalamazoo Gazette (independent) holds that “surely the American people do not want the fiscal affairs of their Gov- ernment intrusted regularly to men who are wholly unschooled in the tasks of financial administrations. If given a strict interpretation, the law invoked against Mr. Mellon would bar the very kind of men most needed as Secretarics of the Treasury. ¥ “Chairman Norris,” suggests the Dayton Daily News (independent Dem- ocratic), “stood by President Hoover's recent declaration that since disrespect for one law leads to disrespect for all, all laws must be respected and en- forced alike. Norris and a minority beside held that, obsolete and foolish as the law is, it must be enforced, as Mr. Hoover says, and that Mr. Mellon, ac cordingly, must go. They are over- ruled. Not to oppress Mr. Mellon, the law goes to grass. It is a setback for Mr. Hoover and his demands for law enforcement, yet somehow the nullifica- tionists’ conduct appearls to a common man’s common sense.” “Last year we voted in full conscious- ness that we should have Mr. Mellon or a man with his policies,” suggests the Milwaukee Journal (independent), with the advice that he “is surely a sounder selection for Secretary of the Treasury than some mediocre man, holding of- fice, perhaps, in some subsidiary of one of Mellon's big companies.” The Savannah Press (Democratic), however, recalling the attempt of Pres- ident Grant to appoint A. T. Stewart, “dry goods king,” to this office, states: “It’ was obvious in the case of Mr. Stewart that even if he turned over his business interests to trustees, he still would not be eligible to the position. The fact that Andrew Mellon has re- s direc- tor which he once occupied would not make him an impartial financier.” Condemnation of those who have raised this point against the Secretary is voiced by various papers. The Fort Worth Record-Telegram (Democratic) says: “It is very late in the day to bring in an antiquated statute—if any— that a purely political expediency may have a peg upon which to hang.” The Haverhill Gazette (independent) as- serts that “the most that the oppo- | nents of Mellon have demonstrated is the unreasonableness of their basis of opposition.” The Huntington Adver. tiser (Democratic) suggests that “if that were a rule to be applied gener- ally to officeholders, there would not be a corporal's guard left to run govern- ment anywhere.” “A_campiign of sniping” is seen by the Seattle Daily Times (independent Republican), which explains that in its opinion “the vindictiveness of Norris and his clique is due to Mr. Mellon's opposition to thelr destructive ideas.” The Schenectady Gavette (independent Democratic) remarks: “We may not agree with some things the Secretary has done, or has failed to do, but at least we can condemn attacks on him that are based on petty technicalities.” The Tulsa World (independent) con- cludes that “the ideal Secretary of the Tieasury, we take it, is sccured by the process of stripping’ him down to the standard of the criminal lawyer's ideal Jusoz, A