Evening Star Newspaper, April 1, 1929, Page 8

JTHE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHEINGTON, D. C. BONDAY..........April 1, 1020 'THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Néwspaper Company usingss 11th 8t. and Pennssivania Ave. ¢ _New York Offies: 110 hicaro on: !ieriesn Bulags. Eiropean Omee n“lm:.. . London: _l-u by ‘u-rln Within ‘lan City. e & 4 Binday wiay 150 Por month ays) 'm per month each month. lfection made or telephone fiders mmay be sent in Daily only . Bunday only All Other States and Canada. Daily and & $12.00: 1 m Daily only . s $8.00; Sunday only g Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is cxclusively entitled fo the use for republication of all news dis- tches credited to it or not otherwise cred- in this paper and also the 1N ey published herein. All rights of publication special dispatches herein are also reserved. Myron T. Herrick. Myron T. Herrick, Ambassador of the United States to France, died yesterday in Paris at his post of duty after a short iliness. He died smiling, as he had lived. Shortly before his déath he had been planning for the reception of Elihu Root, on his way home from Geneva. . 1t is not too much to say that never has an American representative at & foreign capital been more highly re- garded by the people to whose govern- ment he was accredited than Mr. Her- rick, in both his first and second serv- ices in Paris. After a successful busi- ness career, and marked political hon- ors, he had been tendered cabinet posi- tions and foreign assignments, but had declined them all until he finally ac- cepted the post at Paris in 1912 offered him by President Taft. He was still on duty there, despite the change in ad- ministration, when the war broke in August, 1914. This was fortunate, for in that great crisis Mr. Herrick showed an exceptional capacity for administer- ing a most difficult and delicate situa- tion. His organization of means for helping American citizens who were caught by the outbreak of war in the dfea of hostilities, and his conduct of works of relief during those early try- ing months, endeared him to all. When in December of that year he was re- lieved from duty by the appointment of Ambassador Sharp he returned to this country to receive the warmest accla- mations of the American people. It was regarded as most fitting that he should return to Paris as the American repre- sentative in 1921, and it was, indeed, most appropriate that he should con- tinue despite administrative changes at ‘Washington to the hour of his death. In the course of ten years or so of Mr. Herrick’s service-in France he was faced with some of the most difficult diplomatic problems and situations ever encountered by a foreign representative. During the early days of war innumera- Ble questions arose requiring immediate 4nd often independent action. After the war, in his second term as Ambassador, Mr. Herrick had to deal with the trou- blous questions arising from financial settlements, and had to meet the severe strain in national relations caused by the reactions of peace settlements. At no time during that trying period was there the slightest friction between the American Ambassador and the French government. He was always highly re- spected and fully trusted. His steadfast uriderstanding and sympathy were recognized by the PFrench, while the American people felt that their interests were fully safeguarded at every turn. Through this unusual and severe test Myron T. Herrick passed successtully by virtue of his broad understanding, his knowledge of men, his grasp of principles and his invariable kindness of nature. It was Ambassador Herrick’s privilege last week to attend the funeral of Mar- shal Foch. Between the two men there Was a strong bond of sympathy and un- derstanding. There was no more sin- 'cére mourner at the bier of the great soldier of France than the great Am- bassador of America, and it is fitting that now in the hour of a bereavement -almost as keen as the loss of one of tfieir own the French people should propose to pay to Myron T. Herrick the highest honor possible in the. form of & national funeral. ¢ <A remodeled police force will have to eonfront the same old model problems. e - Jazz, Cocktails and Crime, 2*YWhile at the present time there is no erying need of motion picture censor- ship, modern production methods in Ahie studios may bring about a call for FPederal supervision. Writers, directors and producers, partly through the pop- \ularity of the talking picture, have gone wild with the idea that American ai diences are interested only in jazs, cocktails and crime. In looking back over the titles of a few recently re- leased pictures one finds “Underworld,” “Speskeasy,” “Synthetic Sin,” “Sin Daughter,” “Lady of the Pavements,” “Dancing Daughters” and “Three Week Ends,” to list but a few. These pictures, while different in story material and of censorship and the need for wouid naturally vanisa. Mr. Hays and his organization should start their housecleaning at home and not wait until the jags. cocktails and crime pic- tures have brought about an organized effort for Federal film’ censorship. o Johnson's Attack. Senator Hiram Johnson of California has issued a statement strongly attack- ing the Root formula for the entry of the United States into the World Court. Could anything else be expected from the senior Senator from California? He was one of the seventeen Senators who voted against the entry of the United Btates into the World Court, even with the reservations, on January 28, 1926. It would be out of character for him now to agree to the Root formula or any other formula which would take this country into the World Court. It is the World Court itself, or rather to the entry of the United States into the World Court as now constituted, that Senator Johnson opposes. He con- siders the court merely an adjunct of the League of Nations, and; irreconcila- ble that he is, he demands that the United States remain outside the tri- bunal. Indeed, immediately after the vote was taken in the Senate more than three years ago, Senator Johnson de- livered & tirade against the action of the Senate, and predicted that entry into the World Court would be only a forerunner to entrance into the League of Nations itself. Three Republican Presidents have urged that the United States become & member of the World Court—Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, the last named in his inaugural address. The late Presi- dent Wilson, Democrat, who had so much to do with the drafting of the covenant of the League of Nations, sponsored the World Court along with the League. President Harding on Feb- ruary 24, 1923, sent to the Senate a spe- cial message urging that body to advise and consent to the entry of the United States into the court. It was approxi- mately three years later that the Sen- ate finally voted, 76 to 17, for adherence to the court with reservations. One of these Teservations, dealing with ad- visory opinions of the eourt, proved un- acceptable to powerful member nations of the court. For that reason the entry of the United States into the court as a member has never been consummated. The United States has taken the lead, through the Kellogg multilateral treaty, in the movement to renounce war as & means of settling international dis- putes. It has been quite obvious that if war is to vanish out of the picture, some other means of settling interna- tional disputes in an orderly and ef- fective manner must be devised. The ‘World Court is believed to. be a proper instrumentality. Steps have been taken to bring the member nations of the court to agree to the entry of this country into that tribunal. Elihu Root's visit to Europe and attendance upon the commission which has redrafted some of the rules of the court pro- cedure occurred after consultation with the Coolidge administration, Mr. Hoo- ver and members of the Senate foreign relations committee. In view of the position taken by Sen- ator Johnson and others of the old group which fought the entry of the United States into the League of Na- tions against the entry of this country into the World Court when the reso- lution of ratification was before the Senate in 1926, it is to be expected that Senator Johnson and the others will oppose the acceptance of the Root for- mula. They are against any formula that would bring this country into the World Court. An examination of the list of those who voted against the res- olution of ratification shows that Sen- ator Borah, chairman of the foreign relations commiitee, and Senator Wat- son of Indiana, the new Republican leader of the Senate, both opposed the resolution, even with the reservations which finally blocked the entry of America into the court. It is a fore- gone conclusion that another fight will be staged against the new proposal, known ss the Root formula, when the Senate gets down to work on the prop- osition. Opponents of the League of Na- tioas and of the World Court have succeeded in preventing the entry of the United States into either, through the plan of adopting reservations—res- ervations which would appeal to a con- sidérable number of American citizens and against which it has been difficult for members of the Senate to vote. It is likely that a similar course will be followed if the matter comes up in the Senate again. Some day, unless international con- flict should interfere, the United States will in all probability become & member of an International Court of Justice. It — gt Humanizing Federal Finance. ‘Those of the country-wide air audi- ence who failed to listen in on Secre- tary Mellon’s talk in The Evening Star- Columbia System’s National Radio Fo- rum on Saturday night missed one of the finest oratorical treats ever broad- cast. Never before was the complicated and complex business of Uncle Sam's aid to the smal taxpayer, whenever possib’e, as a sound prinziple. Mr. Mellon harked back to one of his in 1923, when “the modestly put it, said this: ‘The fairness of taxing more lightly income from wages. salaries and pro- fessional services than the income from 4 business from investment is or id question. In the first case, the come is uncertain and lmited in du- ration. Sickness or death destroys it and old age diminishes it. In the other, the source of income continues. It may be disposed of during a man’s life and it descends to his heirs. . ‘There have been few state papers in our time more to the point, more hu- man in their appeal or more stimulat- ing to popular thought and devotion to the American form of Government than Secretary Mellon’s radio talk. It is a significant and wholesome thing that men in high Government places are ready to take advantage of the mi- crophone and its illimitable possibilities. If they can contrive to perform on the wave lengths with the dramatic direct- | ing ness of our veteran Secretary of the Treasury, they will render public serv- ice worthy of ranking with anything they may do in the formal execution of their official duties, no matter how im- portant these may be. Popular government like ours rests on popular knowledge of and confidencé in it. When mien of Mellon's rank turn the light on its functions, and turn it on as he does, it is altogether probable that the American brand pf democracy will be able to withstand any shocks it 1s ever likely to suffer. —————————— One, way to manage the traffic problem would be to increase the ex- pense of automobiles so greatly that few people could afford them. A similar theory as tested out with reference to heavy bets on the stock market may be fruitful in suggestion. Coffec growers in Brazil are arrang- ing a great banquet to promote the presidential prospects of Julio Prestes, himself one of the leading figures in this form of agricultural industry. Where coffee is ‘concerned, farm relief takes care of itself. —ve—s. Some of those who believe hostilities inevitable are frankly in fear that the preliminaries for the “next war” will begin before the bargaining concerning the most recent one has been completed. —t—————— ‘The weather forecaster may now proceed with no fear of interfering with the pleasures of a holiday. Both for Inauguration day and for Easter, he was rather uncomfortably accurate. B — Every large city is demanding an air- port. A comparatively small matter like & new town hall or & new park no longer represents the highest aspira- tien of civic pride. oo Gov. Long is quoted as saying that he dealt the Louisiana Legislature like & pack of cards. The Legislature naturally resented the imputation that it could be stacked. ———eee— Commercialism has invaded many regions of sentiment. For Easter Mon- day purposes, a storage egg takes the dye quite as well as a fresh one. ———re————— The influence of alcohol has always been argumentative. The cage of the I'm Alone presents John Barleycorn as more a sea lawyer than ever. et Opinions differ as to whether Wall Street management of interest rates discouraged speculation or merely started a new deal. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, The jonquil all our hearts has won, A glad reflection of the sun. The woodland violet draws nigh, ‘To mirror back the azure sky. ‘While many of us plot and plan To mystify our fellow man, The Cherry Blooms once more proclaim, “This old world goes on just the same.” Easy Enough. “What do you think is the best way to enforce prohibition?” “That’s an individual question,” an- swered Senator Sorghum. “Any citizen can do his share of enforcement by never taking a drink and never offering one.” Jud Tunkins says & poor memory may help to keep your mind easy. He had a tip on stocks and another on & horse race and forgot 'em both. Ships That Pass. And so, sbandonment must wait On many a gallant bark; The good old Mayflower’s out-of-date, ‘The same as Noah's Ark. And many a story Time will tell A8 folks inquire anew, About both ships that rode so well Into historic view. . Beyond the Ordinary, “He sings in a manner that is heaven- 1y!” said the gushful admirer. . “T shouldn't say 1t is exactly hesven- | Fre ly,” sald Miss Cayenne. “But I will at least adtit that it is unearthly.” “The law has many books” sald Hi Ho, the sige of Chinatown, “yet the course of simple honor needs but little study.” i .One Best Bet. P on,umumnold.ma;whmmn. Your risk oft seems a pity. *Tain’ no use to find fault," said Uncle Eben, “unless you's got some way to get rid of it.” . The Next Ice Age. the Cincinnati Times-Btar. is said that the next ice is A . Geol mm m ::G’-mt & minute. For Blindfold Test? THIS AND THAT ' BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, This is one of those true stories the reader may belleve or not, just as he chooses. It occurred on that recent windy day when the gusts blew dust in the peo- le's eyes, and bits of paper went whirl- down the street along with a multi- tude of particles. They are always digging up the streets in Washington. This day was no ex- ception; “they” were hard at it. The result was that neat particles of red clay dust flew hither and yon. e we were standing on the cor- ner, waiting fof the bus to come along, a sheet of newspaper flew by our head and twined itself around a lady stand- ing there. 2 She wu‘ Jarge lady with a most de- termined look in her eye. She had a variety of bundles in her arms, so when the paper twisted itself around her legs she gave it & neat kick with her num- ber sevens. It was at this moment that we no- ticed that the fl{:‘n' sheet was the editorial page of this paper and that “This and That” l;‘eoelved the full im- s ‘The reader will be able to image the trepidation with which this writer, solemnly standing on the corner, wait- for a bus, saw his name and daily get slap) squarely in the face with the big 's heel. It is not often that one watches hib own wares go sailing along the side- walk to land swathingly around the outer garments of a large lady in a tan coat and hat, incumbered with a variety of bundles, and wroth becausé a grain of red dust had got into her eye. ‘We couldn't help it because the dust got in her eye or because the flying sheet, propelled by the wind, twined it- self around her stalwart figure. Every one knows that dust particles lay no favorites and that the wind lows as it listeth, which is just an- other way of saying that it does as it rn pleases. ‘Well, the wind blew the paper around the lady and she kicked it loose, We couldn’t blame her and felt that she meant no discourtesy to these writings or to the others on the page. It was'just a windy day, and some dust got in her eye, and a paper blew around her, and she got mad, and so she kicked out. * K ok K The sheet of paper, caught by the wind, went whirling out into the street. From that moment we forgot the wind, the dust and the bus, and concentrated on the plece of newspaper and its flying fortune, First the wind blew 1t west, but then changed its mind and sent it east. Over and over went the sheet of paper, which comprised four pages. It happened that the page we are interested in held its face bravely up to Heaven. ‘With a shudder we saw the paper halt squarely in the street. Just then the trafic H?hu changed, and a steady stream of cars began to roll by. We closed our eyes, but when we opened them in there was “This find ‘That” hols its own in the pub- c 3 hile we were felicitating ourself on this, along came a 5-ton truck. If you have ever seen a 5-ton truck you know it is pretty big. One has great respect for 5 tons after seeing a 5-ton truck —any 5-ton truck. And what big wheels they have! A modern version of “Little Red Rid- Hood” would substitute a 5-ton ing truck for the wolf, and make the hero- ine ask, “Gratidmother, what have goi_such M&'whnh for?” i “The better to squash you with, my dear!” the great truck would roar, as it lea into the traffic stre .fi':“h' stream. gigantic c ! fl th mmk&lfi squarely, and went over it; bshind it came the rear wheel, mmunnu the paper flatter than a pan- e, Even a truck, however, has a mighty hard time smashing a sheet of news- ugfr any flatter t! it is; the 5-f vehicle was gone, and there was the paper intact! . ‘We felt better, * ok ok Just then another gust of wind took the apple of our eye from the roadbed, t as it was about to be massacred a small car of popular make, and deftly lifted it as high as the house. Up, up it went, whirling around and around. As we watched our moun circulation, we thought that that was about as high as “This and That” had ever gone, except that time we saw it | P! wrapped around a package of Iunch carried by a lady to the top of the Washington Monument. ‘The paper went salling over a roof, and we were about to bid it -by, when the wind suddenly shifted, and 1t came sailing back again. ‘This tjme it went scudding due east, carried along at about the height of the lamps in the lamp posts. Taking a dart downward, it swept squarely for the fat lady’s head. If it hits her this time, we thought, she will be mad for keeps. Maybe she will throw & pound of co'ee at it! 4 * ok x As the paper was about to slap the }:dy lé‘ "éhe “:e!'l ’ninomer eddy nZHIm , AN wen/ ng away in & nor'- easterly direction. Sailing into a gasoline station, with its pumps, and its khaki-clad attend- ants, and customer cars, the sheet of paper whirled downward into the side of a car. ‘There were two nice-looking girls in the car, or, rather, one was in the car and the other was standing on the runmn& board. By this time the paper had, to us, taken on aspects of humanity, almost. It was a living, vital thing, flying around the world, meeting disasters and rising triumphant against them. It crumpled into the side of the car, and we held our breath. What would happen now? There was something more involved here than just a flying plece of paper—it was our paper. Now was the great moment. We had a “hunch,” as newspaper men say, that something was going to happen, but just what was difficult to say. And then it happened, and you can believe this or not, just as you please, and just as is the right of every reader. The pretty young lady on the run- ning board—they are always pretty, of cgurse—! leaned over and picked up the sheet. It was pretty dirty, but she didn't seem to mind. Taking out s dainty handkerchief, she brushed off the dust, and held up the paper. Getting back into the car, she begain to fold the sheet of paper, and we could have blessed her from where we stood, for we had folded this page that way ourself, and knew what she was doing. ‘You fold the editorials in to the left, and Mr. Haskin's “Questions and An- swers” under to the right, and you fold Mr. Wile's column under, and you have before your eyes—well, what you have before your eyes now, of course! President’s View Foreshadows Changes in Immigration Law President Hoover's expressed disap- proval of the racial ori provision of the immigration law, which he recently made effective by proclamation, pleases the press generally and inspires pre- dictions of action when Congress con- venes. ‘There is very little support for what the Omaha World Hel calls “this attempt to divide the Nordic sheep from the non-Nordic goats.” “Some of our leading anthropologists are in considerable doubt as to whether there is any such animal as a genuine Nordic,” observes the Nebraska daily. “What the immigration law framers had in mind, however, was to give the north- ern and western European countfies the edge over those of southern and eastern Europe, It develops now, however, that the switch to the national origins quota basts is going to do just the opposite.” “Apparently Mr. Hoover believes it works gross injustice to a large element of his country’s population; that it is indefensibly preferential of some racial strains and absurdly proscriptive of other racial strains,” suggests the Bi mingham News. “This injustice he would have Congress correct at its spe- cial session by the objection- able provisions of the existent law. Until the modification is made, however, the President executes the law as he finds it. * * * It is confidently hoped that his effort to have Congress correct the injustice he complains of will be suc- cessful.” “Under the new plan,” according to the Buffalo Evening News, “immigration from Great Britain and Northern Ire- land would be nearly doubled, that of Germany would be_cut by half, the quotas of the Irish Free State and the Scandinavian countries” would be m: terially reduced and those of Italy, P land, Russia and _other countries slightly increased. Because there are grave doubts as to the justice of the quotas, Congress would do well defer for a third time the operation of the plan, so that it may be subjected to more searching examination. If the plan cannot be applied exactly, it should be rejected, however desirable in theory the national origins idea may be.” “The United States,” the Springfield Union argues, “is entitled to regulate its immigration by any policy that it sees fit, but it should not run the risk of dam: its interests at home and abroad by, futile pursuit of an ideal. Such a delicate undertaking as this should have a firmer and more defensi- ble basis than conjecture. The present system, based upon the census of 1890, meets the requirements of the situation and is not open to the objections that the national origins plan is continually subject to. Congress should not fail to take steps to remedy the situation in the special E “These new materially affect- ing the ‘charac of American immi- tion,” agrees Seinlydo mob CaITy o e certal not carry out the inten- of Congress that immigration re- striction be put on a scientific basis. It Is not difficult to see wh{ the commit- tee appointed in 1924, pointing out that 1t has no faith in its work, declares “We cannot assume m'mmlhlmy for such SR e o e was uni . o United States as entirely ignored. Other less pronounced in ul{lfln would be perpetuated. It is to hoped that Congress will follow President Hoover's views, which he re- peatedly expressed during the campaign, and abandon this artificial scheme, al- though purported to be based on ‘origins.’ President Hoover is credited by the Indianapolis News with having revived a discussion “concerning all aspects of immigration.” The Syracuse Herald re- | 1] views the “rather ~eccentric shifts” which Congress “has ventured upon in its efforts to provide a satisfactory basis for the reckoning of immigration quotas.” The Chicago Daily News sug- gests that “the United States as a Na- tion has not suffered any ill effects under the quotas based on the census of 1890, which quotas the President wishes retained.” The New York Evening Post remarks: “We proposed to adopt & complicated arrangement—for what purpose? To cut the number of immigrants from 165,000 to 150,000 a year, with the cut affecting some of the nationalities which we consider adapted for American citi- The game is not worth the ‘The prospect of action by Congress is emphasized by the Fargo Forum, Hous- ton Chronicle, Salt Lake Deseret News, Kalamazoo Gazette, Flint Daily Journal and Salt Lake Tribune. The Lansing State Journal quotes “considered Ameri- can opinion” as favorable to the test of “fitness and promised capability” for immigrants, and the Haverhill Gazette looks upon the problem as “personal rather than racial.” Chinless and Toothless Human Race Predicted BY E. E. FREE, PH. D. ‘That mankind will not need to worry mouch longer about getting toothache or spilling remnants of breakfast on its chin is the conclusion of a British stu- dent of dental architecture, Dr. G. B. Palmer. Soon men will have, he believes, neither teeth nor chins for any purpose at all. Toothless and chinless our de- scendants will roam the world, unless something forces a radical change in human food. Ages ago men and other animals needed really to work their jaws in order to eat. Cooking had not reduced the m jority of foods to a soft pulp, knives, and forks had not been invented to relieve the teeth of their primeval duty to tear off whatever was to be eaten. That is why nearly all the animals of man's class developed outward-| pointing front teeth that can bite or | gnaw bits of meat or bark or succulent root. That is the reason, too, for the sharp-pointed “canine” teeth on elf.her] side of the front ones—spearlike imple- | ments to transfix the selected morsel while it is being gnawed loose. Nowadays none of these duties are necessary. Cooking and table manners have displaced them. Nature is always gty sho s aradually Feducing.the she is gra reducing length of the human chgm, the protru- slon of the front teeth and the strength and number of the teeth themselves. In a few hundred thousand years table ts | manners are apt to leave everybody chinless and almost jawless. Sort of a Paper Victory. Prom the Ottaws Journal. Mix a Little Mint With It. . | From the Santa Rosa Press Democrat. came | feeds his hens A New Jersey poultryman says he rye mash and they pro- duce eggnog, but to us this looks like a shell game. 2 ——et—— i Other Games, Ditto. Reply Made by Lanier " On Rights of States To the Editor of The Star: thr«‘- solely to the han “Rights I _answer: Concerning the of the States,” the Civil %lr settled in | A. theory and fact the non-existence of the right of a State to secede from the Union, but it did not and cannot settie the right of revolution, of which the United States Government is the off- spring. If Mr. Potter has ever read, much less studled, the Federal Constitution he must know that ours is a government of delegated powers, and that it can exercise none others than those ex- ressly conferred upon it or implied therein. If acquainted with the history of the country he must also know that the States were independent sovereign- ties before the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and that in surrendering portions of their sovereignty to form a more perfect Union they retained all rights and powers which they did not expressly or by necessary implication surrender. This fact they put beyond controversy by the ninth and tenth amendments of the Constitution, re- spectively, as follows: The enumeration in the Constitu- tion of certain rights shall not bé con- strued to deny or disparage others re- tained by the people. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution. nor prohibited to it by the States, are re- served to the States respectively, or to the people. The only changes wrought in the Constitution by the Civil War were the thirteenth, fourteenth and 'fifteenth amendments. f these amendments the Supreme Court said in Slaughter House Cases, 16 Wall,, 36, 82, that it may be considered now as settled" that, with the exception of the specific pro- visions in them for the protection of the personal rights of the citizens and people of the United States, and the necessary restrictions upon the power of the Btates for that purpose, with the additions to the powers of the gen- eral Government to enforce those pro- visions, no substantial change has been made. The necessity of the great powers, conceded by the Constitution originally to the Federal Government, and the equal necessity of the autonomy of the States and their power to reg- ulate their domestic affairs remain as the great features of our complex form | J. of Government. In Barbier vs. Connolly, 113 U. S. Hi vs. Crowley, 113 » , the' court that the fourteenth amendment does not impair in any way the police power of the States, nor limit the subjects in relation to which it may be exercised for the protection of its citiszens. Justice Miller, one of the ablest judges that ever sat upon the Supreme Court bench, said, in his great lectures on the Constitution: “In my opinion, the just and equal observance of the rights of the States, and of the general Govern- ment, as defined by the present Con- stitution, is as necessary to the perma- nent prosperity of our country, and to its existence for another century, as it has been for the one whose close we are Amnrm c'ehl:bnunun ong origin: ywers possessed by the States, and wmch they never surrendered, but with certain very limited qualifications, are what are known as police powers, which relate to the health, morals, etc., of their people, and which included the right of fregulation or suppression of the liquor traffic before the eighteenth amendment. No State can be rightly divested of these powers without its consent. To hold otherwise is to admit that 36 States with a total population of less than one-third of the whole could by amendment of the Federal Constitution strip the remaining fourth of every vestige of their reserved rights against their will and without their con- sent, as was actually done by the eight- eenth amendment in the cases of Rhode and, Connecticut and New Jersey, which refused to ratify it. To say that such a thing can be rightly done is to deny and repudiate democracy and the principle of representative government. In reply to the gentleman's in- gulry as to what I think of Thomas efferson and his statement as to the right of the Federal Government to compel a State to obedience to the Constitution, I think Mr. Jefferson was & man of great talents and ability, whose services to his country are worthy of grateful and enduring remembrance, 10"some extent. by s pacifimy and some ex an tendencies to political demagogism. I fully agree with his statement as to the coercive powers of the National Govern- ment in respect to all matters in which @ State is under a constitutional obliga- tion of obedience, but not in regard to matters which the States have never committed to the National Government and that lie outside its jurisdiction. I trust I have satisfactorily answered the questions submitted, and that the gentleman in question will, after read- ing the foregoing, acquire an under- standing of and more wholesome respect for the reserved rights of the States. ALEXANDER SIDNEY LANIER. Farm Relief Solution Seen in.Price Fixing To the Editor of The Star: In every department of our Govern- ment perplexing problems are bound to rise, but, as in past, the American people have proved themselves fully equal to the occasion. I doubt not but t‘r'fi.l representatives chosen by the people be able to handle the subject of | made farm relief with perfect satisfaction to all concerned: It is reasonable to believe that only men of experience in farming would be able to advise the Government, and that such men should be invited to ap- pear before the Senate agriculture com. mittee to give their views relative to farm relief. politician studies Government; the capitalist studies finance with a view to profit; the manufacturer is a genius in studying the art of luction of his wares; but what do e men know_ about farming? Some of them may have been reared on a farm, and yet are endowed with gifts that would best fit them for other vocations. This would wholly unfit them to advise re- garding farm relief. In attempting to fix a price on raw materials, supply and demand are usual- 1y offered as & key, but even in this we find no solution for the problems; that confront the farmer. The world | i is now made to move between the hand s of the producer and the consumer oy men of selfish ambitions aided by cap- ital; and too often their avarice and greed will corner the market and leave | }f nothing but chaff for the producer. Let the subject be what it may, the finished product should have first con- sideration, and the cost of production must b'..h. daul'mlnmm ed by From ivation “staff of life” is expressly reserved, = ANSWERS TO QUESTIO " BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘This is & special department devoted of queries. This . an e tensit mn;!guua;"v n extensive in ‘Washii.gton to serve you in any capac- ity that relates to information. This service is free. Failure to make use of it deprives you of benefits to which xou are entitled. Your obligation is only cents in coin or stamps with %oh‘fe' inquiry for direct reply. Address reau, ric Haskin, Washington, D. qflwm is Child Health day?— "A. The first day of May is desig- nated as a day of special attention to child welfare. Q. Do the lungs of men and women weigh the same’—C. E. ) A. In adult men the two Ilun weigh from 40 to 50 ounces, and women from 28 to 35 ounces. Q Where was Sarojini Naidu, the East Indian poet, educated—S. P. . A. Sarojini Naidu graduated from King's College, London, and Girton, Cambridge. She then returned to In- dia, where she has lectured on ques- tions of social, religious and national importance. Her books of verse have been translated into several languages and some of her poems have been set to music. Q Can a lawn mower be used on grass in which crocuses are planted? . the grass is not cut un- til the crocus foliage has died down, the flowers will spring up for fnrs. Crocuses should bs planted fully 4 inches deep. Q. When was the first arithmetic text book published>—W. D. E. A. Cocker’s Arithmetic, the first complete manual for “numerists,” was published on the 3d of September, 1677, by Sir er L'Estrange. The author, who died before it was pub- lished, became proverbial in England director, as & master of mathematical subjects. | g His book was & “best seller” for nearly & century. Q. What per cent of alcohol did beer contain before prohibition?—T. V. A. The percentage of alcohol in malt liquors sold before the prohibition amendment went into effect was 4.25 by volume. Q. What railway station handles the greatest number of trains?—S. W. N. A. The South Station in Boston op- erates-on a 24-hour schedule 680 trains of all classes. This is a greater num- i.leor than is handled by any other sta- n. Q. How long is the Rio Grande?— . E. C. A. It is 1,900 miles in length. It rises in the southwest part of Colorado and flows south, forming a border between the United States and Mexico. This water flows into the Gulf of Mexico. Q. Who wrote the popular “Petroleum V. Nasby” letters and what influence did these Jetters have?—S. 8. A. David Ross Locke (Petroleum V. Nasby) . was an American humorist and satirist who was born in 1833 and died in 1888. He began his “Nasby” letters in the Findlay Jeffersonian in 1860 and continued them throughout the Civil War. They exercised much influence in molding popular opinion, upholding as they did the policy of the Lincoln administration. In later years the satire of the letters was aimed at President Johnson. "A. Cape Horn was discovered and navigated by Schouten, a native of Hoorn, Holland, about 1616. Evening Bt;r Information Bu- | A. , |a part of Q. Who first rounded Cape Horn?— I 8. S, q'e;ml' ’in’o:em ing : owned slaves at_the ning of Civil War?—G. G. % ‘.;‘ A. Of the 1,600,000 families in the South, than one-fourth—about 384,000—owned slav i [ Q. After recelving s _patent on dn article while employed for a mféinufad- turing concern, can concern claim your patent if it will benefit thereby?— . L. A. The rule is that in the absence of an_explicit contract to the contrary such an_invention belongs to the em- ploye. If, however, the invention per- tains to the work in which the em- ploye is employed, the invention belongs to the employe, but the employer ‘s entitled to a “shop right"—that is, the right to use the invention in his shop or factory. If the invention is outside the line of the employe’s work and is made in his own time and without his employer’s tools or material, the inven- tion belongs to the employe exclusively. If the employe is employed to work out a specific problem or to design a ma- chine and the employe thereby makes an invention, such invention belongs to the employer. In many large estab- lishments employes are required to sign agreements to assign to the employing company all inventions made relating to the business of the company. In each case application for patent can only be made by the actual inventor, if living, regardless of the ownership of the in- vention. ‘Who said “Travel for the younger is a part of education, for the elder experience?”—C. R. G. A. This is attributed to Bacon. Q. Who appoints our Ambassadors to foreign countries?—J. K. A. They are appointed by the Presi- dent and approved By the Senate. The length of an Ambassador’s term is ac- gordm( to the pleasure of the Presi- lent. Q. What income is derived from the Miners' Welfare Fund in England?— A. During the year 1928 the income amounted to nearly £1,000,000. The money is spent on increasing the facili- ties for pit welfare, recreation, health and education. Q. Why does ice become white when scraped?—V. K. A. Ice becomes white when scraped because the scraping leaves a multitude of small irregular surfaces which reflect the light in all directions, giving the white appearance. Q. Are murders increasing in the United States>—L. R. D. A. According to Dr. Frederick L. Hoffman, the homicide death rate for 1928 was 10.2 per 100,000, against 10.5 for the preceding year. There is an es- timated murder death rate of possibly 12,000 for the Nation. Q. What is meant by the exoression “four hours on, eight hours off,” in re- gard to the watch on American vessels? —W. J. Q. sort A. The present system of watch maintained aboard American merchant vessels is as follows: Three men are zmé)loyed who are on duty four hours and off duty eight hours. Q. Does the Chinese alphabet con- sist of letters or symbols?>—J. M. 8. A. The Chinese language has no alphabet. for it is not a letter but a syllable language. Each written char- acter is the equivalent, not of a sound, but of a word of one syllable, for no Chinese word has more. Q. How far is Pisa from the sea?— A Modern Pisa is 6 miles from the coast, but in ancient times the city was & port. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. No President of the United States|Coolidge was sent for, asked to make ever had a tithe so good a right to en- tertain children at the White House for Easter egg rolling, or any other pur- pose, as Herbert Hoover. Children come pretty close to being Hoover's hobby. None of his innumerable war-relief ac- tivities enlisted quite so much of his enthusiasm as the European children’s relief, as it was officially called. It was the one American philanthropy over- seas after the armistice that Hoover in- sisted should be financed wholly in the United States, irrespective of what Eu- rope might do to help itself in other directions. A year or two ago, in a pri- vate address reviewing America’s work in Old World restoration, Hoover said: “One general principle we laid down from the outset. That was that every single government and community in Europe should repay to the American le every cent their resources per- mitted. If they could not pay on the spot, they should enter into an obliga- on to répay at some later date. But where saving the lives of children was concerned, we agreed that not only would America carry this burden, but its very organization required action in- dependent from governments.” * kR K PFrom somebody who knows there comes to this observer a diverting yarn about how John Coolidge met his fiancee, Florence Trumbull, daughter of the Governor of Connecticut. John was coming back from Amherst on a certain occasion and every once in a while made his way to the rear platform of the train to smoke a cigarette. The second or third time he started aft, he found that somebody’s private car had been hitched on, and when young Cool- idge tried the door, a husky who turned out to be & member of the Connecticut State constabulary not only blocked the way, but became tolerably rough. John related his experience good-naturedly to the secret service man who then looked after him. Thereupon the operative his way to the private car and explained to the flabbergasted State rolcemn.n that he'd jostled the son of he President of the United States. The dutiful bluecoat reported the inci- dent in more or less terror to Gov. Trumbull—whose car it was. John the production of grain the following ices should be considered as a min- um, if the farmer is to receive a fair price for his labor and investment. The legal rate of interest should be consid- ered in every investment. We must have governmeént, and in the adminis- tration of government the value of money is determined. In the following table is offéred as the minimum prices which the farmer should receive for his products, and the first cost of produc- tion should be protected by the Gov- ernment: et to the rest of the journey with the guber- natorial family, and met the daughter of the househ(;ld,‘ * * William H. Beck, whom Secretary Stimson has just appointed as his as- sistant, is by way of breaking the record of Rudolph Forster, perennial executive clerk at the White House. “Bill" Beck now serves his fifth successive Secretary of State. He began with Lansing and was at the elbows, one after the other, of Colby, Hughes and Kellogg. He went to South America with Hughes and to Prance last year with Kellogg. No one knows the ropes of the State Depart- ment more thoroughly than Beck, or is more zealous in helping people to pull them. During the war, after enlisting in the Army, Beck was assigned to !:ldqulnzrs base section 3, at London. ter he was private secretary to the late Henry White of the American peace mission at Paris. “Bill” a strawberry blond, is a native Washingtonian. Once he was secretary to Representative Nelson of Wisconsin, and to_Gilbert Grosvenor, president of the National Geographic Soclety. * . If you're an agricultural writer worth $2,900 a year, Secretary Hyde is seeking you. At least, the United States Civil Service Commission is broadcasting an announcement that such a job is going begging. Applications must be on file with the commission not later than April 24. There's an important speci- fication. Applicants will be required to adapt ‘agricultural matter for effective radio presentation. They must be able to “inject interest into radio programs; to assume responsibility for providing attractive program material and speak- ers from the Department of Agricul- ture’s staff, for broadcasting stations and networks; and to originate plans which will interest farmers in making application of information obtained by radio.” b On the bulletin board of the House of Representatives’ lobby is the following suggestive reminder “Members are re- quested to visit the undersigned’s office and furnish information necessary for use in case of accident or illness. Ex« aminations lasting from 30 to 45 min- utes will be made, for the purpose of obtaining normal findings on members. (Signed) George W. Calver, Medical Corps, United States Navy, House Phy- sician.” It appears that the Senate hasn't any house physician. Evidently it’s relying on Dr. Copeland. * E K K Mark Sullivan, the Washington jour- nalistic member of the Hoover medicine ball cabinet, has just delivered a couple of lectures at Yale University on “Jour- nalism and the Historlan.” They were given under the foundation named for the late Isaac Bromley, who was editor . | of the New York Tribune 65 or 70 years Wheat, per bushel, 80 pounds et bushel: unds . ‘The cost of small fruits, cotton, etc., are not included, but may-be compiled according to location and the cost of the multitudes | pime look for the mecessities which sustain Lal the power that moves the world; capital is only its servant. The man behind the plow is an imj factor in_ the preserva he furnishes the fuel that kindles the She piysica] achinery ruaning smoothe Iy, wi it which the wheels of the “world would not turn, But_indispensable as is the farmer, there class of labor recel service. nt of life, for F ago. Sullivan is putting the finishing touches to the third volume of his mon- umental history of the United States, called “Our Times—the United States, 1900-25.” Vols. I and II were entitled, respectively. “The Turn of the Century” and “America Coming of Age.” Vol. III will deal with Roosevelt, Taft and the dawn of the Bull Moose movement. Sullivan is a Harvard man. but escaped from the Yale campus intact. ERE Representative Haugen, Rej of Iowa, can be co-] it of 1 farm rselief bill with Sen: McNary, Republican, of Oregon, if he - wants to be. If he doesn’t, the new ag: ricultural measure will be called .either the McNary-Purnell bill, after- Repre- sentative Purnell, Republ! -of In- sans equalization fee. want to do so, he fades con. s