Evening Star Newspaper, March 24, 1929, Page 30

- gIE EVENING STAR With Sunday Marning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY. .March 24, 1920 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th 8t. and Pennssivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. European Offic Regent 8t.. London. Rate by Carrier Within the City. 45¢ per month 60¢ per month 8¢ per month Sc per copy made at the end of each mcnth. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone Main 5000. {l—Payable in Advance. nd and Virginia. 1 57..$1000: 1 mo., 85¢ $6.00: 1 mo.. 80¢ 15r, Sunday only 151 $400: 1 mo.. 40c ANl Other States and Canada. Datly end Sunday..1 Daily only . 1 Sundsy only Member of the Associated Press. ited in this paper and als oublished herein. Al rights of publication special dispatches herein are also reserved. —_— Farm Legislation. President Hoover, it has been made clear at the White House, is to observe with meticulous care the constitutional provisions which assign to Congress the duty of drafting and passing legislation and to the Executive the duty of recom- mending and finally approving legisla- tion. He will not undertake to draft a bill for the relief of the American farmers. That task belongs to the con- gressional leaders and congressional committees. The President is entirely correct in his attitude in this matter. There is a distinction, however, between leadership | in a cause that demands attention from the Federal Government and the ma- chinery which translates principles into law. Today there is a great group of American farmers who look to Mr. Hoover for leadership, who regard him as a Moses to lead them out of the wilderness. And in the end it is likely that Mr. Hoover will have to assume this leadership. Indeed, he is expected to make his own views clear regarding the farm program which should be adopted in his message to Congress when it opens its session the middle of April. Because the President is making no public statement with regard to his| views on farm legislation at this time is no reason to assume that he has no farm program. His recommendations to Congress with regard to farm legis- lation may be expected to deal with the subject fully, It is somewhat un- fortunate, perhaps, that the Senate and House committees should be in the dark with regard to the text of these rec- ommendations when they begin and continue work for two weeks on a farm aid bill, as they will begin next week. But it is & fact that members of these committees have conferred with the President both during the campaign and since then on the subject of farm legislation. Also the President’s cam- paign addresses, particularly that in St. Louis, and the platform of the Re- publican party are available to the com- mittee members if they are at a loss as to the policy of the administration. In the end theré must be a measure of leadership in dealing with the farm problem. To throw the matter of farm legislation into the Congress and to leave it until, like Topsy, it has “just growed,” might lead to considerable confusion. The preceding administra- tion's attitude toward the farm prob- lem was one of negation rather than affirmation. Therein lay its weakness. ‘The result was the passage of a Mc- Nary-Haugen bill which President Cool- Idge was twice felt called upon to veto. In the final session of the last Congress 2 bill was introduced by Senator Mc- Nary which had the stamp of approval of the Coolidge administration. But then it was too late. The election had been held. There was a demand that the newly elected Congress and Presi- dent Hoover should deal with the whole matter. In the end, too, the farm bill which passes in the coming Congress must bear the Hoover stamp of approval, and upon it President Hoover and his party must stand. Any attempt to avoid lead- ership in this matter might be inter- preted, and doubtless would be inter- preted in some quarters, as an effort to “pass the buck,” to leave the responsi- | bility entirely to Congress. President | Hoover will never assume such an at- titude. He has his constitutional duties in regard to legislation as well as has Congress and he will perform them. =t Now that a liquor-laden truck can proceed with immunity, if there is a Ilegation member on board, impersonat- ing a diplomat will naturally add itself to the list of offenses practiced by the unscrupulous bootlegger. ———————— Business Men as Politicians. John J. Reskob’s return to com- mercial activity, which is reported to be imminent, is designed to call forth contemplative discussion of the role of the business man in politics. As all the world knows, the Democratic na- tional chairman of 1928 was suddenly snatched from the board of General Motors to become the commander-in- chief of Gov. Smith’s presidential for- tunes, As is egually well known, Mr. Raskob's maiden venture in high poli- tics did not eventuate in laurels. The campaign he managed—if that is the word—weas the most disastrous in the history of the Democratic party. It would be ungenerous and unjusti- fiable to say that Mr. Raskob was to blame for Gov. Smith’s overwhelming defeat at the polls. That was precipi- tated by causes which no national chairman, amateur or professional poli- tician as he may have been, could have averted. The imponderables of 1928 could hardly have been surmounted by wny Democratic candidate for the presidency handicapped—as events turned out—as Gov. Smith was. But now that it can be told, it is an open secret that the innovation of put- ting 2 business man, utterly untrained in the game of polities, in supreme con- trol of a great party’s campaign proved a first-class fiasco. American politics, especially in a presidential year, has become a highly specialized field captain of industry, who is nothing more than that, is out of his element both in the hurly-burly and in the Al ment just as much as & merely skillful politician would be out of place in the direction of a vast business enterprise. The Earl of Rosebery, in his blography of Disraeli, describes Lord Beaconsfield as “a master of the tedious art of man- aging men.” The reference is to “Dizzy's” finesse in politics. Working politicians—the men and women upon whom an American national chairman must depend for his organization and for its frictionless functioning—cannot |be manipulated and ordered as the manufacturing or sales staff of a big automobile company can be. There was no complaint, as far as the public {is aware, that Chairman Raskob es- |sayed the tactics of a commercial mar- | tinet in 1928. But out of 1775 Broad- way there issued ever and anon the plaint that he never succeeded in “get- ting” Democratic politicians “right.” Their ways were not the ways, and |could not be the ways, of the finance | The lesson of what is apparently to | be John J. Raskob’s one and only man- | agerial excursion into national politics would scem to be that politics is for | politicians, and business for business | men. The roster of laurel-crowned na- tional chairmen of our immediate day and generation includes such names as Frank H. Hitchcock, Willlam F. Mec- Combs, Vance C. McCormick, Will H. Hays and Hubert Work. The roster of chairmen who labored and lost is adorned by such names as Willlam R. Willcox and John J. Raskob. —————— Germany and Trotsky. It appears from a dispatch from Berlin that the plan to provide a home | in Germany for Leon Trotsky, whom | the Russian Soviet has disciplined and exiled, is not developing in accord with the hopes of the friends of the former commissar for war. Trotsky is now in ‘Turkey. The Moscow government would like to have him in & position in which he would be unable to leave in a hurry for Russia. It would really prefer that he be located in one of the more amen- able and friendly semi-independent states east of the Black Sea, but it is not in a position to dictate his loclflon: short of taking him prisoner by force and removing him. The plan for sl German residence for him originated with his friends in Germany who are of his own way of thinking on matters | governmental. All the details of his domicile in Germany had been worked out when the matter was brought before the cabinet at Berlin for consideration. It then developed that there was decided opposition to the plan. Chancel- lor Mueller objected to the admission | of Trotsky because, regardless of the question of diplomatic relations with the Soviet government, Germany might find itself unable to expel him, when once admitted, if his presence should become objectionable. It seems that Prussia has been favorable to Trotsky's residence there, and this favor would be a factor of embarrassment in case Trotsky, domiciled in that state, should become unwelcome to the Reich. It is assumed that Trotsky, wherever he may be, will continue as an active protagonist for the maximum of Marx- ism in government, which is to say an extreme bolshevist. His differences with the government at Moscow are due chiefiy to his insistence upon the original theories of Lenin. He is also & stanch advocate of universal bol- shevism through propaganda. The present ruling group at Moscow is com- ing to realize that the activities in other countries of the Third Internationale, with which the Soviet government is closely identified through an “interlock- ing directorate,” are seriously harmful to the best interests of Russia. The Stalin government—as the Russian government is in fact—would be much disturbed to have Trotsky just over the border in Germany, surrounded by partisans’ who would undoubtedly en- courage him to conduct a vigorous campaign. And likewise the Berlin government would be disturbed to have this firebrand of bolshevism in Ger- many. So for the present Trotsky and his typewriter will probably stay in Constantinople, at least during the period of recuperation from his physical and political disabilities. s The passing of the Mayflower as the presidential yacht will mean the loss of a craft that carried great traditional interest. Public sentiment for the past is not exceedingly strong at present. The time is ready for new material on | which future traditions may be estab- lished. o Bo far as price movements are con- cerned, the public might be less fre- | quently surprised by remembering that | ‘Wall Street has never been a one-way street. ——or—e Those Red Steel Tokens. The spectacle of red steel rising on the site of the Internal Revenue Build- ing between Tenth and Twelfth, B and C streets, gives joy to those who have been hoping and waiting for so many years for the Government to equip itself suitably at the Capital with housing ac- commodations. These frames are the first real construction sign of a program that will require several years for com- pletion, a prcgram involving the ex- penditure of perhaps $200,000,000 for | land and buildings, and that will, when ended, not only give the Government a suitable setting for its work, but will transform the Capital into a place of unapproached beauty. To look upon the site of the Internal Revenue Building, which thus is getting the first “color” of construction, is to gain a concept of the magnitude of the work which is under way. At the same time this spectacle suggests the in- adequacy of the accommodations which have been endured for a long period. The great bureau that is to occupy the building on this site is now housed in nearly two-score of structures, scattered over an area of several square miles, ‘When the building now beginning is oc- cupled it will bring together for the first time all these scattered units, and will permit an administration of the public business such as has never been possible in this branch before. And the same is true of other branches of the Govern- | ment departments and bureaus that are {to be housed within the Mall-Avenue | triangle. The United States will save | annually great sums in rentals, sums sufficient to pay the interest on the cost of the new construction. But that will not be the only saving. For the Govern- ment’s work will be much more efficient- | | terms of office. ‘The policy, carried out | THE SU‘\'DAYV STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, MARCH 24, 1929—PART 2 benefiting both the public service and the people who are involved in negotia- tions. Thus these spindling steel uprights that are now being set up on the site opposite the National Museum are tokens of the better times, when Washington will be a place of rich architectural at- tractiveness and when the Government will be equipped as it has never been with adequate accommodations for the transaction of the Federal business. All the incidental nuisances of construction, the noise and dirt and the blockading of thoroughfares are to be cheerfully borne, indeed welcomed, as evidences of progress toward this long-desired end. The Technical Bureau Heads. Indication has been given of a pur- pose on the part of President Hoover to continue in service and rank those of- | ficers of the military and naval estab- | lishments who, assigned to the positions of chiefs of bureaus and special branches, have proved their efficiency and admin- istrative capacity. Already several such reappointments have been made upon the expiration of tours of duty and fully, will make for better service than that of changing bureau chiefs simply because of the lapse of time. This is especially true in the case of | officers of the technical branches of the | military and naval services. It is plain that such assignments call for particu- lar talents, and to demote incumbents | merely on the score of the passing of the years of formal detail is to waste | those talents. Purthermore, the replace- | ment of bureau chiefs, solely on the score of time, tends to cause a serious loss, as officers, thus set back after terms of faithful and efficient duty as bureau heads, prefer retirement, ahead of the compulsory daie, to service as subordi- nates under officers who were subordi- nate to them during their incumbency. Changes in bureau heads of the mili- tary and naval establishments merely for the sake of rotation do not con- form to the best principles of adminis- tration. Such a policy does not, and should not, obtain in the civil depart- ments of the Government. The highest positions, and the immediate subordi- nates of the departmental services, are alone to be regarded as subject to change with a change of administration. Even in those instances there are ex- ceptions, as in this present change. In the technical services especially is it desirable that there should be a mini- mum of shifting, and the present policy of the administration is to be commend- ed and supported as making for the highest efficiency of Government serv- ice. ————— At the age of seventy-four Secretary Mellon refrains from such platitudes as “Wealth does not bring happiness” and prepares to go on demonstrating that a fair share of regular worry does not necessarily interfere with health. ————————— In proclaiming the national origins idea, President Hoover, who has not favored it personally, stands by his previous opinion that a law must be obeyed, although it is the privilege of every citizen to work {0r its repeal. —_—t————— A life of leisure and luxury is un- doubtedly available to a great banker. J. P. Morgan, now busy in conference on reparations, prefers a knotty prob- lem and hard work. No doubt Olvany was a capable Tam- many chieftain; perhaps the more praiseworthy because he never took any- thing like the publicity of some of his predecessors. ——— .t The Prince of Wales is sald to be very fond of flowers. The secret of his great popularity is his frank, yet quiet, enjoyment of the pleasures which appeal to humanity in geperal. — et A few Tammany braves are flourish- ing tomahawks at one another, but the pipe of peace will be smoked as usual. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Going Fishing. “T guess I'll go a-fishin’,” Said Hezekiah Bings. “On the fromt porch I'm a-wishin’ For the wave that softly sings. And when the day is closing, If the fish have kept away, T'll be fishin’ in my dozin’ On the listless lazy day. “It makes a splendid story— Even though your plans may fail— Though you'll never match the glory Of old Jonah and the whale! 8o I'll shur each politician And the bother that he brings— I guess Il go a-fishin’ "— Said Hezekiah Bings. Words and Thoughts. “Do you always say what you think?” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “But in preparing a speech I am al- ‘ways cautious in deciding what to think about.” Jud Tunkins says there's only one way to be sure of having the last word and that is to get a job as a radio an- nouncer. The Conference. How frequently are men annoyed! We strive to be like brothers; ‘When seeking one fight to ayoid ‘We stir up several others. Quest of Fortune. “He is a fortune hunter!” “1 know it,” answered Miss Cayenne. “Father says he hopes he keeps hang- ing around our family until he discovers one.” ‘“He who risks health for money,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “may find himself compelled to sacrifice both.” Lawmaking. ‘The laws we righteously obey ‘That we have made of yore. And so for progress now we say ‘That we must make some more. “When a preacher reads his text,” said Uncle Eben. “I 'most always wishes he'd keep on readin’ 'stead o' branchin’ out an’ tryin’ to be original. et — Chicago Papers Please Copy. | From the Kalamazoo Garette. Mr. Hoover wants prohibition enforce- ment turnéd over to the Department of Justice, but if conditions get much higher realms of campeign manage- iy done. There will be a saving of time, have to take & 1 EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT RE Bishop of “Master of Men.” All over the world today Christian churches of every name are recognizing the beginning of another Holy week. This is universally called “Palm Sun- day.” It is so named because of the in- cidents related to Christ's entry into Jerusalem on the eve of His passion, wherein it is stated that they greeted Him with hosannas and took branches of palm trees and went forth to meet Him. It is the one single incident in the life of Jesus where popular favor ac- claimed Him. For a brief moment He scemed to be invested with royal pre- rogatives, but the same voices that ac- | claimed Him as the son of David would shortly - cry out in hatred, “Crucify Him!” How frequently in the course of human events has this incident been paralleled. How frequently has the world in a burst of enthusiasm given its applause and favor to some chosen son, lifting him to the apex of distinc- tion and power, only to exhibit, after a brief space of high approval, condemna- tion and crucifixion. The colorful his- tory of those who have risen to f: and distinction is in the main a sad and tragic one. Public favor is fickle. The experience of the great Master is no ex- ception to the general rule. All the events of Holy week constitute a sad commentary on the frailties and weak- nesses of human nature. Against the dark and shadowy background of a week of tragic experiences He stands out in bold relief, a sovereign master of men. “I, if T be lifted up will draw all men unto Me,"” was His strange and seeming- ly irreconcilable declaration. The road He traveled on that eventful week so long ago, while marked by the folly and cupidity of the multitude, has become the highway over which millions have traveled to behold Him upon His up- lifted _cross as the world's mighty Lord and Redeemer of men. No record in | human_history is more bewilderingly fascinating, even if tragically sad, than that which rehearses the incidents of ’. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D., Washington Holy week. Upon these incidents & world religicn has been built up and a | system of life predicated that has won world over. It is little wonder that a critical student of history surveying 19 centuries of human action declares that |the mightiest fact upon which the hristian church has been builded is he uplifted Son of God upon the cross.” |~ Victor Hugo calls the cross “the first tree of liberty,” and the lonely Napoleon {on St. Helena, jn deep reflection, main- | tains that thg sinless Son of God in contrast with other world rulers dom- inates human thought and action with the scepter of love. No matter how we may interpret or with what reverence we may regard the | events of this Holy week, they witness {to a fact that has a wider influence {upon human thought and habit than any other single incident in recorded history. The world has witnessed many herofc figures. It has its martyrs with- out number. Many of its chapters re- cord incidents that are irresistibly ap- pealing, and yet no thoughtful or re- flective student of history can find any- thing comparable to the sublime figure about whom the events of this week revolve. He stands alone among all the sons of men. It is little wonder that, beholding Him as He dies on the cross, a stern Roman soldier cries out, “Truly, this was the Son of God!" The whole story of this week has left a more enduring impression upon the race than any other single incident re- | corded. The sheer persistence of this lonely and crucified Christ, His influ- ence upon mankind the world over, is a fact of such stupendous proportions that to this latest day its significance and power engages the deep and reverent thought of all men. Calvars's mournful mountain climb; There, adoring at His feet, Mark the miracle of time, God's own sacrifice complete; 1t is finished!” hear Him cry; Learn of Jesus Christ to die. Hoover’s Experience as Cabinet Officer Of Value in His BY WILLIAM HARD. The third week of the Hoover ad- ministration ends today on a new note. In the first two weeks the President made it clear that he was quite willing to accept the responsibilities of his office and to issue the decisions of the exec- utive branch of the (overnment in his own name. In this third week of his administration the President has made it equally clear that he has no intention whatsoever of undertaking the responsibilities of the Congress or of issuing dictatorial mandates to the gentlemen who are serving him as cabinet ministers. He considers that those gentlemen have their responsi- bilitles. too. A tiny incident occurred the other day to illustrate that last point. The President wished to consult a certain subordinate official in a certain depart- ment. Many Presidents would have seen nothing untoward or aggressive in telephoning to the subordinate offi- clal direct. Hoover, however, has been & cabinet minister himself. He has some personal appreciation of a cabinet minister's feelings. He did not tele- phone the subordinate official at all. He telephoned the cabinet minister in whose department the subordinate offi- cial occupies a distinguished position. Hw;fl‘d.m the clhh{et mln:’sur ilflhe be good en to send so-and- to the thiu House for a {e:’ minutes. Naturally the cabinet minister liked that courtesy. It showed that the Presi- dent was not undercutting him in his department and was not trying to change his bureau chiefs into White House employes. S The fact is that people keep forget- ting that Hoover is a practiced public man and an extremely experienced politician. There has been so much ballyhoo—and even hooey—about his being ‘“an engineer in politics” that hardly anybody seems to drop to the encouraging — or incriminating — fact that pretty nearlv half. actually, of his whole working life has been spent not in engineering at all. but in midst of practical political public affairs. He was an engineer from 1895 to 1913, 18 years. Then he went to Europe to deal with foreign governments as a representative of the San Francisco Fair; and then he continued, as Belgian Food Relief Commissioner, to give most of his time really to political diplomatic negotiations with the forelan govern- ments of Belgium, France, Britain and Germany. Returning from international politics abroad to the Citv of Washington, he became United States Food Adminis- trator and then United States Seeretarv of Commerce. dealing with the Federal bureaucracy and with the Federal Con- gress ever since. It is therefore literally true that his sole occupation since 1913 has been the doing of things in direct connection with governmental circum- stances and political necessities. * ok ok X In other words, his working life has been 18 vears in engineering and 16 years—already—in politics. It may be t00 bad to blow un the campaign argu- ment which exhibifs the President as an innocent and guileless engineer: but truth e truth. and sometimes has a value of its own. This special sample of truth is in harmony with a narrower fact, which seems. however, to have been similarly almost universally overlooked. Mr. Hoover, as President, is extremely e ceptional in his experience with eabi- net manners and methods. President James Madison and President John Quincy Adams came to the te House after eight vears aplece of eab- inet service. Barring them, Mr. Hoo- ver arrived at the Presidency with more cabinet service and with more cabinet exnerience—behind him and within him —than anv other President that we have ever had. How emptv then is the theorv that we are to expeet our new President to behave as a politieal amateur and novice and tyro! Hoover knows his way around in cabient relationships and in congressional relationships as inti- mately as he knows his way around among the keys that he is always jin- gling in his pockets. He mayv deserve praise then, but cer- tainly not surprise, if now in those re- lationships he dislays a touch which is #o professionally sure and so pro- fessionally adroit. N | From the Secretary of State this writer leamns the circumstances which | attended the issuing of the presidential | decision regarding our poliry toward the ! revolution in Mexico. The Secretary | of State took the data of the matter to the White House. The President read and listened, and said in effect: T agree with you. I think we ought to go on with our support of estab- lished government in Mexico. Wil you announce 1t?" Right there was the stroke of the man familiar with the proper mainte- nance of cabinet harmony. Would Mr. Kellogg do the announcing? In return there came a natural re- sponse. No. _The subject was too momentous. It deserved presidential authority. Would not the President himself do the announcing? He did. He did it, however, at Mr. Kellogg's suggestion and with Mr. Kel- logg still feeling himself wholly in charge of his own department. * ok Similarly it should be entirely un- derstood that the President is telling the exact truth when he says there Secretary of the Treasury Mellon in Presidential Service the recent executive order for a larger publicity on refunds of income taxes. of the credit for that order between the President and Mr. Mellon seems, more or less, in human chaotic fact, to be as_follows: The President and Mr. Mellon dis- cussed the matter together. Mr. Mel- lon came forward with the suggestion for the larger publicity. He had made no such suggestion under the former President. The new President provided a new atmosphere. In that new atmos- phere Mr. Mellon took a new initiative. | He suggested the larger publicity under two influences: 1, Hoover's momentum; | 2, his own motion. The fact is that a new momentum does exist under Hoover. The fact is that Mr. Mellon made the motion for a larger publicity on income tax re- funds absolutely out of his own mind and solutely without any langu: toward that end from the President. Add those two facts together and you have the gist of the structure and tem- per of the present official family life of the President and his cabinet. * K Xk Mr. Hoover is providing the climate. The cabinet ministers are themselves growing the new Spring crops of re- forms and earnest adventures. Precisely that same thing is going to be done—and is in process of being ione—by the President toward Congress. The President says he will not write any laws for Congress to pass. He means it. He won't. He will defer to the legisla- tive initiative of Congress precisely as he defers to the administrative initiative of his cabinet ministers. The outcome begins to be the same. Congressmen, conscious of his deference to them, wish also to defer to him, and they consult him, and catch the climate. The Presi- dent remains not the dictatorial but the energizing force. That's the lesson of the last weeks, and the prospects of the next yea (Copyright, 1920.) Americans Spend Billions On Summer Vacations BY HARDEN COLFAX. America will take a five-billion-dollar vacation this year. This rather startling total of the in- vestment which residents of the United States will make during 1929 in seeki mental and physical relaxation is bas upon estimates from various sources which have been studying the rising tide of travel during the last few years. For three days last week reprsenta tives of local clubs affiliated with the American Automobile Association were in conference in Washington. The as- sociation estimated at this meeting that 35,000,000 persons, a third of the total population, would take motor trips this year and that their expenditures would ! gregate three and a half billion dol- ars. During 1928, Americans spent more than $900,000,000 in foreign travel, ac- cording to estimates of the Department of Commerce, and there are indications this sum will be exceeded in the present calendar year. | There is some duplication between the automobile tourist estimate and the foreign travel estimate, but when the amount which will be spent on vacations by those who will travel by train within the borders of the Unitea States is taken into account, a total expenditure of five billion dollars does not appear an ex- cessive figu! EEEE Europe is attracting more Americans each year. The popularity of the “stu- dent” or “tourist” tours is reducing the average expenditure, but it is estimated that probably $50,000,000 more was spent in Europe, and in getting there and back, last vear than in 1927. Canadian officlals estimate that the expenditures by United States citizens touring the Dominion increased last year more than $50,000,000 over the figures for the preceding year, and that there will be a further increase this year. Travel to Cuba, Bermuda and other nearby isiands has shown a decided in- crease this Winter. Reports to the American Automobile Association conference last week indi- cated that the automobile tourists are sfimdlng more money per capita because they are seeking greater comforts and hence are paying more for them. The tourist camp, in the opinion of club secretaries and managers, is losing favor and hotels and houses accommodating tourists are getting increasing trade. That all sections of the country will participate in this automobile travel, and feel its effects, was indicated by re- ports to the conference that the aver- age motorist on tour now travels 234 miles a day, whereas this fictional aver- age driver covered only 100 miles in & day a decade ago. * ok kK More than 4,000 automobiles were carried to Europe last year by Ameri- cans desiring to tour the Old World in their own cars. So great is the demand for this type of service that the Ameri- can Automobile Association now has representatives at 20 ports to facilitate the tours. Many other Americans rent cars abroad for their travels. As United States license plates are not recognized by most of the foreign governments, ar- rangements are necessary to secure & travel pass, with plates, which make touring convenient and passage of cus- toms barriers easy. Touring in the United States is being facilitated as never before, through clubs affiliated with the A. A. A. and other organizations of similar purpose. |outside the United States the - | from those more lively the War Department may | was no overriding or overruling of Mr. The motorist is assisted with maps,|tion is one car to 277 pflmn: Ledcn Lol data on road conditions, hotels, tourist + the veneration and devotion of men the | The partition of the responsibility nnd‘ 38€ | even as their forefathers came off to Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. House Leader Tilson, in discussing the forthcoming {ariff revision, tells a little story to illustrate that, some of those who appeared before the ways and | means committee went far beyond what | he considers reasonable caution in the way of tariff protections and attempted to enter the realm of sure things, even beyond what & Connecticut conservative could justify. “The overcautious ones,” said Mr. Til- son, “remind me of a Connecticut friend who, I think, is making for him- self a record in taking care for the | future. He was a little over 60 years of age when prohibition came, and seeing it coming he laid by an ample store. Being over threescore years, he knew something about his imbibing capacity, and stocked his cellar accordingly. Al- most 10 years have pasted, during which he has kept careful statistics. He is now threescore years and ten. I met him the | other day, and he is still going strong | but worrying. I asked him what was the trouble and he told me his sad| story. “The statistics which he has kept so carefully show that at the rate at which he has been drinking, the normal rate for a gentleman, his supply of liquor will last for only 37 years longer, and he is now worrying about what he will do for liquor after that. “Some of those who appeared before the ways and means committee have sufficient protection for the immediate present,” commended Mr. Tilson in sharpening the point of his illustration, “but_by their testimony they are evi-| dently beginning to worry about what is going to happen to them some time in the future.” * x k% President Hoover will probably retain in his present job. if he can persuade | him to continue there, or may elevate | to & better office the one underofficial who helped him most to develop “effi- ciency” in the promotion of industrial and commercial prosperity as chief of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce—Dr. Julius Klein of Massa- chusetts and a student of world trade first hand. Mr. Hoover knows Dr. Klein as a good executive, with ideas and initiative, as ! well as & good background of experi- |ence. He has as high regard for him as any one in the Federal service, and there is a strong bond of loyalty be- | tween them. Life isn't just one round of pink teas and silk hats for the young men Uncle Sam sends overseas as trade diplomats, as Klein found out through shipwreck, surrounded by warlike natives and close contact with ferocious beasts of the wild. Like the dauntless Aeneas, famed by Virgil, “much tossed about both on land and sea,” Dr. Klein suffered much while going down the west coast of South America in 1919 as commercial attache to Buenos Aires. When the small Chilean ship was off Paita, Peru, it struck & submerged rock not far from where Pizarro landed in 1535 when he set out on his great adventure of con- quering Peru and reveling in the riches of the Incas. In the early morning the long Pacific swells were rhythmically pounding the small craft to pleces on the rock. Offshore swarmed Indians, very omi- nous in appearance, with long knives encounter Pizarro. “We were expect the boat to founder,” narrated anr‘ Klein. “The boat belonged to a com- pany that had a startiing and even suspiclous record of wrecks. A sister ship had sunk a few days before, when | several hundred persons were drowned. Finally by wireless several small power boats were called to the rescue from a village down the shore. While in the power boats on the open sea they were picked up by a small Peruvian boat, al- ready overcrowded: and they promptly | realized that hey had jumped from the | frying pan into the fire, for there was' a circus aboard, with animals that had ! been picked up at bargain prices be- | cause of their evil dispositions.” As the ship rolled, Dr. Klein and the other derelicts were thrown it the flimsy crates of roaring beasts ill-claimed from the wilds. Dr. Klein and his fellow voyagers were unceremoniously dumped on Peru- vian hospitality at Callao, with only the clothes they had on their backs. Finally he landed at Valparaiso, Chile, during the worst storm in years—when more than 70 were killed and 50 boats sunk. “That's all in the life of a com- mercial attache,” remarked Dr. Klein. * ok ok K A dark, slender youngster, profes- sional jockey of several years' achieve- ment, known on the race tracks of Kansas, Missouri, Nevada and other Western and Southern States as “the Indian,” nearly a half century ago, was booked to ride a number of races at jockeys falled. Late in the evening a orseman turned up with known to be fast but mean. The o had watched the Indian with other horses. He made the youngster an offer to ride Bob in a match race the next day. Inquiry about Bob revealed that he ran with his ears straight up, hated the roar of the crowd and when he heard it had a cute little trick of stopping short and catapulting his rider over his head—but first Bob laid his ears back. The Indian bought some long, sharp spurs and an unusually heavy whip. He knew from which side the roar of the crowd would come and which way Bob would flinch. ‘The horses got away to a_good start, with Bob running strong. But, just as the jockey had calculated, when Bob heard the crowd yell, back went his ears. Jabbing in the spurs and crashing down on Bob's side with the whip, the Indian straightened him out and won th”l‘h race. e is perfofmance led to his being hired to ride Headlight, one of the fastest horses in that part of the country. Headlight hated the turns, bolted at them and into the fence, smearing his rider if he could. The Indian tried the same tactics on Head light that he had on Bob. At the firs turn it worked to perfection. The sec- ond turn brought a near-tragic close to the career of both Headlight and the Indian. The horse tore through an eight-foot fence and horse and rider rolled down an embankment. The Indian was picked up as dead. He still :el the scars on his hands, arms and ea But he didn't quit riding then. He; was under contract in 1876 to ride for prominent owner at the Centennial Ex- | position in Philadelphia. Then his; andmother told him that if he ever tended to make anything of himseif he must quit the track and go to school. The youngster went to the horseman with whom he had the contract and told what his grandmother had said. “That's the best advice you ever got,’ said the turfman, canceling the con- tract. The boy started in school and five years later was admitted to the| bar, and last year—was elected Vice President. camps, etc. Railroads are going after vacation travel as never before fnd have the full co-operation of resorts in this effort. Bus systems are expanding their scope—they now operate on regu- late schedule more miles than there are miles of railroad track in the country.| much so that the A. A. A. is co- operating in making reservations for transportation by air. | With nearly 21,000,000 passenger au- tomobiles registered in the United States, besides approximately 3,000,000 trucks and commercial vehicles, Ameri- cans are spending around $11,000.000.- 000 a year for operation and upkeep of these cars. There is in the United States nearly one automobile for every five inhabitants. In the world at large, there is one car for every 64 persons; (Copyright, 1929.) PATENT LAWS IN SOVIET RUSSIA BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. One of the longest strides back to- ward individualism and the rights of the individual to enjoy the fruits of his own initiative rather than merge them socialistically with the mass of the na- tion which has been taken by Sovie Russia s in the granting of patents. From the point of view of property there is scarcely any greater individual right than the exclusive privilege of holding a patent to an invention and solely enjoying its fruits. This has long been one of the most highly prized privileges of such capitalistic states as the United States and England. It is a far cry from the original con- cept of a wholly socialized nation, wherein the individual had no prop- erty of his own, which Lenin and Trotsky dreamed and, for a_while, put into practice. Nevertheless, Russia now has in effect as liberal a patent law as_any nation in the world When, in 1924, it was definitely recog- nized that further concessions had to be nted the individual if progress were to be made, the central executive com- mittee of the Union of Soviet Social- ist Republics issued a decree establish- ing patent laws. In general they fol- lowed the German patent laws, Ger- many being the closest important in- dustrial neighbor and the nation with which there was the greatest trade and intercourse. A committee on inven- tions is the authority comparable to the United States Patent Office. The new laws give to an inventor the exclusive right to exploit his invention in Russia for a period of 15 years and there is the further provision that a corporation may be granted a patent. No filing fee whatever is charged. This is in marked contrast to American prac- tice where fixed fees must be met be- fore a patent can be issued. While the | American fee is not excessive, it is large enough to have prevented some poor in- ventors from protecting their devices. Patents Must Be Worked. A tax is imposed on the earnings of an invention protected by patent, but this tax does not apply until the in- vention has begun to earn money. However, if it is proved before a court that the holder of a patent is holding it merely, for example, to prevent a com- petitor from getting it the patent will be taken away from him. There has been much abuse on this score in the United States. Large corporations have bought patents on improved articles believed certain to compete with their own product and, perhaps, render it obsolete, and have merely pigeonholed the right to the improved invention. No such practice is possible under the Rus- sian patent laws. Indeed, at the expiration of five years after issuance of a Soviet pateng the holder thereof must give proof that he is using it or “working” it as the tech- nical term is or he will lose the right to the invention. However, a patentee is free to sell his patent outright, to as- sign it to another person or corpora- tion, or to license some other party to manufacture the product on which he holds the patent on a royalty basis. A patentee holding his right in abeyance may be forced to license it at & roy- alty to be fixed by the courts. A liberal provision of the Soviet pat- ent laws is that a foreigner enjoys pre- cisely the same rights and privileges in the matter of obtaining a patent as a Russian. The foreigner, of course, is subject to the same regulations as re- gards the working of patents. During approximately the last three years 25,678 patents have been issued, 3,038 of which were issued to foreigners. The entente hetween Russia and Ger- many has resuited in more patents be- ing issued to Germans than to all other nationals put together. Germans ob- tained 2,666 patents, Americans com- ing next with 245, and then follow na- tionals of England, 210; Holland, 170: Sweden, 137; Austria, 109; France. 91, Czechoslovakia, 63; Italy, 54; Spain, 32, and all other countries, 161. From Farms to Factories. ‘Before the World War and the revo- lution, Russia was pre-eminently & p toral nation, buying most of her manu- factures abroad. The distribution of the new patents shows how rapidiy she is being industrialized, ha been forced to it to a large extent, doubtless, by the difficulties of trading with some nations which object to her political policies and form of government. ‘There is a decided touch of modernity re- flected in these patent statistics which seems somehow out of line with pre- conceived notions of Russia as a land of peasants dancing to the music of the balalaika or singing the song of “The Volga Boatman.” The group of patents which leads all others relates to electrical and radio apparatus. Second, come instruments and apparatus; third, chemical proc- esses and apparatus; fourth, railroad appliances; fifth, internal wmmuog engines; sixth, of machines, an seventh in the list, itural imple- ments, the articles which it might have been assumed would lead others. Further, it is interesting to note that at the very last of a list of 14 classifi- cations come firearms and ammunition. Russia would seem to have beaten her sword not into & plowshare, but into a dynamo. ¢ As only 11 per cent of all the patents issued have been issued to foreigners, it would appear that the Russians them- selves have turned from the fleld to the machine shop. Trade Marks. These general laws also apply to the registering of trade marks and cer- tain_foreigners are admitted to this gflvflen. Foreign manufacturers who ave been given permission to do busi- ness in Soviet Russia may protect their trade marks, and also all nationals of any country which gives Russia recipro- cal privileges. Althoug¢h the United States has not recognized Russia, Rus- sians may patent inventions in this country and therefore Americans are free to avail themselves of the similar privilege there. There is a filing fee of 10 rubles and a registration fee of 5 rubles a year which must also be paid. A ruble is 51 cents, so the charges are nominal. During the past three years 891 foreign trade marks have been reg- istered. ‘There is & very different story in the matter of copyrights. Indeed, there is a whole set of circumstances regarding the printed word, picture or anything of the sort. Even Russian authors arc not entirely free to print whatever they choose whether the copyright question arises or not. barriers are h propaganda in any form from countries or from Russians who wish to attack the Soviets or who favor restora- tion of the royalist form of the gov- ernment. So copyrighting & book in Russia is well nigh impossible. The regulations in that instance are too elaborate to be dealt with here. Fifty Years Ago In The Star Six-day walking matches were in | vogue 50 years ago, trials of speed and | endurance that aroused Generous sharp tmthe"dlm on tfi ; 2 score of Ir cruelty. Rivalry. ‘e’ tar of March 17, 1879, relative to the latest affair of this following comment: ‘Whatever may be thought of the gambling adjuncts of the walking busi- ness, everybody will feel inclined to admire the pluck and manliness dis- played by the contestants in the New York arena. Harriman, in walking his last hundred miles, when so crippled as to be unable to move a leg without in- tense pain, afforded evidence that the native American is equal in quality of game endurance to the pluckiest - lishman or Irishman. Ennis and Rowell, by the kind courtesies they extended to him to encourage him to make his 450 miles, made friends of every admirer of pluck and generosity united. “It is related among the incidents of the closing hours of the contest that d | when Harriman staggered from his cot- tage door to enter upon his last 10 miles Rowell, seel how weak the Yankee was, and with evident admira- tion of the pluck he was showing, took him by the hand and then, linking arms with him, walked around the track, while everybody cheered. Then Ennis came n.lm-x¥l and took Harriman's other arm, and thus the two heroes leading in the ‘race generously encouraged their crlp&led but gallant brother to persevere in the effort to reach the 450th mile, though by his success they lost the large sum they would have divided had he not come in for third gate money. “It is stateg that at thi- ~oint a scene occurred that has r equaled. The kindly magna:imous fec played by both the lishman a.d the Irish-American for Harriman, and their admiration of his pluck, was so consid- erately displayed that more than one man found the tears rolling down his cheeks and there was not a lady in the garden who did not cry amidst smiles and waving of handkerchiefs From this time on until the X while there was a time of much excite- ment, there was perfect good feeling displayed and nobody seemed to mu'l. the little Englishman (Rowell) the belt that he had so fairly won. “These walking matches have been ! compared in brutality to the cruel sports of the Roman arena, but such scenes as the above described serve to show the difference between the pagan physical contests and our own. In the Roman Coliseum the upturned thumbs of the bloodthirsty spectators | constrained the victor to kill his pros- trate adversary; in our arena an act of generous good feeling, like that dis- played in this case, is applauded to the echo and brings tears of admiration to the eyes of strong men. So there are | redeeming points after all about the walking business.” * * % The criticism of the large school building appearing as follows in The Star of March 21, 1879, Large Schools n}u"h be read hu: light | of the fact that the Criticized. Ryuging art was not as well advanced then as now and that methods of heating, lighting, ventilat- ing and sanitation were not as effective as at present: “Attention should be given to the matter of defects in our school build- ings and the need that an improve- ment should be sought in the erection of the new schoolhouses authorized by Congress. The law provides for two new buildings at a cost of $75,000. It is to be regretted that the act limits the number of buildings to be erected for this sum to two. The money could be much more usefully expended in the construction of or even four buildings. Experience has proved that the big buildings professing to accom- modate 20 or 30 schools are fail- ures in everything except outside show. Buildings of this size cannot be warmed with any uniformity, the lights and ventilation are necessarily defective, there is a great waste of time for pupils and teachers in the ascent and descent of many flights of stairs, to say noth- ing of the fatigue of it, and the danger confined in the upper portions of these towering structures. This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. Happy is the man who-can hear music when two angry tom cats fight it out in the alley at 2 a.m. Instead of wling to himself and hunting around for a shoe to throw a: the combatants, he lies quietly in his |snug bed, really enjoying the concert. Of course, one has to like cats to d> 1it, athm;:.l:: m‘:’:uslc is mere nois: a_first-cl nuisance, deserving the ep;ltheu “terrible,” “awful” or ‘“hor- rible.” He who likes the furry fellows, how- if not actively, then in a passive way. * ¥ % % Think of the thousands of fretfu' rsons who ask next day, “Did yoi ear that yowling last night?” They missed the delicate notes of Tom's aria. Feline grand opera left them unmoved—except to tears—roilec off their musical backs like water off the well known biped. ht have been enjoy- ing , they were foaming a the mouth about “those darn cats,” as if the cats hadn't a right to make » little noise, when down the block Tow- ser and Fido are rasping the night a': with ceaseless baying at the moon. * Xk x % How is it possible for cat haters to complain at a few soprano trills, last- ing at the most for a few minutes, when they are able to swallow a whole nigh. of barking without a single complaint? Rightly comrrehended the cat’s meow is a beautiful thing. In a musical sense it is once varied, full-toned and powerful; it shows that a very Ill",,ehe oudspeaker” is not necessary. 'n Tom winds himself up for one of these long-drawn, far-reaching yowls, ey R 3 no listener in his bed. B It curdles over the Rousetops, it m; 0 for blocks, creeping into houses, caus- ng children to turn over and cry in tl Strong men awake with “Tis the call of the wild! Down in the alley Tom and Jerry are standing by the gas lamp. The flickering ht casts their lows, long and tenuous, upon the back yard Jerry gives a low moan, a warning cri.l ‘: th‘lumnu a threas. Vvoice is away down in Just where his chest.beging. 2o (et He is not wasting his breath. He has a fine bass, and uses it with discretion. His ears are flat on his head, his eyes gleam, his tail switches and lashes from side to side. Tom draws back about a quarter an inch. As he does so, haqopens h‘l’: mouth, and from it there ascends as fine, as triumphant, a note as cat ever sang. Gathering power as ib 3 Tom’s battle cry is a cross mum so}‘lrlt!hk o{u; bfenmllb‘bya thu:'wakd wail e r wolf an = cry of the loon. g * ok x As Tom's far-lung note dies away, old Jerry rumbles out another felifie oath in that deep tone of his. Again Tom splits the air with de- flance, but this time he puts a few extra quavers in it. Jerry answers. ‘Tom, stung to fury by such insolence, puts on steam and prolongs his next note twice as long as usual, with an extra amount of quavering. At the very end he manages to put & drop of an octave into his wail, and this is the undoing of Jerry, who hesi- 'l;'::, then stiffiy begins to turn his Some occult influence warns him that Tom is master tonight. Perhaps some other time— Jerry slowly turns away, and sneaks off down the alley. The battle is over— until they meet again. are damp, unhealthful reservoirs of foul air, sewer gas, etc., which is dirsem- inated throughout the whole structure. “The best judgment is now to the effect that the model school bullding should not accommodate more than eight achools. Under the allotment of 60 puplls to a school this would allow 480 for the buil The bmmlnu‘ of these great bulldings roo! D