Evening Star Newspaper, March 2, 1929, Page 8

k- STAR, WASHI THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C BATURDAY.......March 2, 1920 THEODORE W. NOYES. ... Editor ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company usiness Office: 1 t. New Jork Offce. | 2L ind st cag ce: Tower Butlding. Buropean Office: 4 Rezent St.. Loiidon, gland. Rate by Carrler Within the City. e Evening Star......., 45¢ per month ‘he Evening and Sunday Etar (when 4 Sundays) . ........60c per month ‘The Lvening and Sunday Star (when § Sundays). A ‘The Sunday Star ...° . Collection made atth, Orders may be sent in Main 5000. e’ of each month. by mall or telephons Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. {ly and Sund; 1 ¥r.,$10.00: 1 mo., #5c ily only . $6.00: 1 mo., S0¢ Sunday only $400; 1 mo.. 40¢ All Other States and Canada. {ly end Sunda: 1 yr. $13.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 E:uy only mo.l " 8 unday only . £5.00; 1 mo., Sic . Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press 13 exclusively entitled #o the use for republication of sl rews als- r-um: credited o it or not otherwise crod- ted in this paper and also the Iocal published herein. All rights of publ special dispatches hercia are also 2y The Coolidge Administration. History may not record that the Cool: fdge administration is entitled to rank with the greatest of our presidential epochs, but no considered review of its achievements can fail to award it a dis- tinguished place. It took office, as events soon after were to demonstrate, &t a critical juncture. Perhaps its chief claim to famé rests upon the calm and | cautious manner in which it grappled with a situation that would have lent itself to precipitate and spectacular methods had a President addicted to such practices happened to be in the | White House. Calvin Coolidge’s cool | head during the year following the de- mise of President Harding was a na- tional asset of inestimable value. Mr. Coolidge told his farewell press conference on Friday that he eonsid- ered the “minding of my own busi- ness” the principal accomplishment of his five and a half years in the presi- dency. The Vermonter is characteris- ‘tically modest. By systematically refus- ing to rush in where the Chief Executive had no warrant for treading, Mr. Coolidge very directly and very ef- Zectively “minded” the Nation's “busi- ness.” He was looking most construc- tively after Uncle Sam's knitting when he hoisted “Coolidge economy” to the mainmast of his administration and kept that signal flying every solitary minute -of - the tie he was skipper of the ship of state. The steady and substantial reduction ot the national debt became an early Loolidge policy, and it was adhered to with eminently successful results. Co- incident with that program was the plan for systematic tax reduction, Every citizen who wades thsough the maze of Income tax forms this month has ‘®suse to be grateful to “Coolidge econ- _omy™ for the moderated stipends he is now called upon to contribute to the “Treasury. Upon Congress and the executive de- partments President Coolidge, day in and day out, impressed the urgent ne- cessity of living within the budget. Po- litical opponents accuse the retiring President of leaving the country with & bigger annual expense account than ke found it with. But that is a school- boy's plaint. The United States is growing, and with its growth the cost ©f national living goes up. The answer | %0 his critics is that but for Calvin Ooolidge’s unrelenting grip on the Re- public's pursestrings the cost undoubt- edly “would have gone up very much tmore. It is in the realm of our international Yelations that the outgoing administra- tion achieved possibly its most enduring friumphs. The multilateral pact to out- faw war will give President Coolidge, end especlally Secretary Kellogg, = shining place in world history. Their she Joint efforts to bring about further | naval limitation were not vouchsafed Sugeess, but the annals of their time will applaud at least their aggressive attempt to obtain success. ‘The Coolidge administration brought @rder out of the chronic chaos of our Telations with Mexico. It stabilized oonditions in Nicaragua. It ably con- ducted the United States’ case at the sixth Pan-American Conference in Cuba in 1928. It perpetuated America’s traditional friendship for the Chinese people by taking the lead in recognition of the new Nationalist government at Nanking. It has consistently main- tained the United States’ unreadiness to deal with Soviet Russia until the Com- munist autocrats at Moscow accord a decent respect to the rights of nations, s we view them. In the burning question of European Politics—German reparations—the Cool- idge administration has revealed an in- terest that corresponds to our position RS the Old World's creditor. At this ‘moment distinguished American citi- eens, acting in tacit co-operation with ‘Washington, are participating in the upraveling of the reparations knot. Not the least of the Coolidge regime’s merits ‘was its uncompromising refusal to per- mit German reparations to be confused ‘with Europe's war debts to the United Btates Treasury. Calvin Coolidge and his cabinet leave 4he country safe, solid and sound. Pros- perity has been widespread, if not uni- versal. Agriculture clamored in vain at the White House door for “farm relief,” even after Congress twice voted aid of the McNary-Haugen brand, but the people as a whole look back upon the Coolidge era as a cycle of contentment snd national welfare. It was never a pyrotechnical era, for &t jts head was a man in whose lexicon there is no such word as fireworks. But it was a five and a half years in which the American people felt themselves peculiarly able to sicep soundly at night, zecure in the confidence that all was well on the Potomac with Calvin Cool- idge at the helm. ‘The gratitude and the prayers of the Nation he served so faithfully, so un- pstentatiously, accompany him and his ‘gracious consort into private life, e eeee—s Forecasting Inaugural Weather. ‘There may be undertakings that are ‘more unpleasant than forecasting the weather for Inauguration day. But if there are they do not come to mind at this time. Every day of the year, year in and year out, Uncle Sam's corps of whenever and wherever the weather fails to follow the forecast, there are maliclous grumblings from a few, for nothing i more satisfying than point- ing with pride to the fact that the weather man was wrong. When the weather agrees with the forecasts, and most of the time it does, nothing is said about it. It is taken for granted. But on March 4 the eyes of the Na- tion are turned on Washington and the weather forecast. If the forecast is wrong—but forecasts are seldom wrong; it is the weather that is wrong. The forecast for March 4, 1909, was scien- tifically correct. The weather should have been fair, according to all the signs. But a freak snowstorm made life miserable for everybody, including the Weather Bureau. It wjll be many a long day before they forget the Fourth of March, 1909, at the Weather Bureau. The consequences of that fore- cast were rather tragic. ‘The safest thing to do for March 4. from a forecaster's viewpoint, is to fore- cast something sather gioomy, like a bad snowstorm, or a heavy rain. Then. if the weather produces a balmy Spring day, there may be laughs for the Weather Bureau, but they will be mel- | low laughs and good-natured gibes. But | if the Weather Bureau says that th» day will be fine, and the snowstorm of 1909 comes back to vaunt its spleen on Mr. Hoover's majority—then the laughs become vindictive, and there are de- mands that something be dene. Sympathetic wishes for good luck should be extended to the harassed weather man today. And if he is pes- simistic in his forecast, do not blame him, Washington's Inauguration Guests. Between now and Monday morning many thousands of people will ccme to ‘Washington from all over the country. From every State they will make their pilgrimage to the Capital City. They will come in trains and by motoP cars, perhaps the larger number by the lat- ter method, covering shorter distances from nearby States. "There is no pos- sible compufation of the throng as- sembling here to do honor to the new | President and Vice President by attend- | ing their induction into office. This will be the largest inauguration attendance of several years. Not since 1913, indeed, has there been a cere- monial of induction of a character to attract people by large numbers from distances. The programs have been simple and plain, and for that reason comparatively few persons have made the trip to Washington on such occa- sions. Now, thanks to the agreement of Mr. Hoover to a return in some degree to the inauguration style of the past, provision has been made for a spectacle that will in itself amply justify the trouble and expense of a visit to the Capital. It is not merely the pageantry of a brilliant parade that draws the people to Washington on such an occasion. They come to take part, as it were, in the ceremony of placing in office the men who have been chosen, by their votes, to administer the national affairs for four years. The parade, the fire- works, the decorations, the social diver- sions combine to make the occasion a brilliant expression of the public delight in the renewed demonstration of the American capacity for seif-government. Furthermore, the inauguration affords an opportunity and an occasion for a visit to Washington, which is always a pleasure to the people of the States. Notwithstanding the fact that it js crowded at such a time, that accommo- dations are at a premium, that com- forts are somewhat lessened by reason of the congestion, the city is a lure for thousands, many of whom have never before made the journey to the Capital. As far as possible Washington makes its guests at inauguration time com- fortable and happy. The transport facllities are taxed to the utmost, but they serve. The housing is put to its fullest capacity, but everybody is given lter. Washington has done this thing for a good many years, and, despite the lapse since 1913, it has not lost its knack of caring for these occasional crowds of visitors. There is much for the inauguration guests to see in and around Washington beside the ceremonies and pageantry of March 4. There are pilgrimages to shrines, there are public offices, there are interesting sections of nearby country to inspect. There are “sights” to see. No other American city holds as much of interest for the visitor as does this, the Capital City. And the facili- ties for inspectlon are ample and com- fortable. The wise inauguration visitor comes early and remains until after the “big show” in order to see everything and to leave with the sense of a ful- fillment of a pleasurable patriotic duty. —er—e Bootleggers announce that they have gone out of business: Some of them have pretended they were not in busi- ness in the first place. ) Arthur M. Hyde. Arthur M. Hyde, former Governor of Missouri, is to be Secretary of Agricul- ture in the Hoover cabinet. Confirma- tion of his selection comes with the first report that Mr. Hyde would head the Department of Agriculture, in the eleventh hour before the whole list is to be officially announced by the Presi- dent-elect. Despite the wide specula- tion and conjecture as to whom this post In the cabinet would go, the secret, that Mr. Hoover was considering the former Missouri governor was closely guarded. The President-elect has selected a man of distinet ability and qualification to head the Department of Agriculture. Gov. Hyde is a tralned executive. He has knowledge of the farm problem, living as he does in one of the great farm States, over which he presided as chief executive, and owning and running farms of his own. Furthermore, the new Secretary of Agriculture is a speaker of great ability, an orator, convincing and sometimes caustic, as his opponents have discovered in political campaigns. He is rated in Missouri as on a par with Senator “Jim” Reed himself on the stump. Mr. Hyde is an ardent sup- porter -of the dry cause, and he and Senator Reed have frequently clashed in their home State. The selection of Mr. Hyde to become a member of the Hoover cabinet is in a measure, too, recognition of the element { has his own views on such a farm pro- | {ord have been threatened. If illustra- of Illinois for the presidential nomina- tion at Kansas City. Mr. Hyde turned to Mr. Lewden at that time, but it is insisted that he never espoused the cause of the equalization fee principle in the old McNary-Haugen farm relief bill, for which Mr. Lowden stood. Mis- souri, despite the fact that it has in the past been considered as Democratic, has swung quite definitely into the Repub- lican column in recent national elec- tions. So the recognition of the State by appointment to the cabinet of its former Republican governor has its po- | litical bearing. The new Secretary of Agriculture will be called upon to leap into activity immediately. The farm problem is one of the first to come before the Congress, | in the special session in April. It is al problem which has defied solution for | the last five or six years, so far as na- tional legislation is concerned. Mr. Hoo- ver has promised the farmers of the| country an adequate program of relief | which will be calculated to give the American farmer an opportunity to be on a level with the manufacturer and industrial worker when it comes to sharing in the general prosperity of the country. The President-elect naturally gram. But the advice of his Secretary of Agriculture naturaily will be sought. Mr. Hyde has an opportunity to make a reputation for himself in dealing with the problem, both in the legislative stage and later in the administrative, - - - i It s but natural that G. B. Shaw | should anncunce a hatred of doctors. | So aggressively intellectual a man could | scarcely fail to dislike an assumption of | superior knowledge concerning his own physical equipment. ¢ BT = “Comics” in the Congressional Rec- tions should be used, a frank camera man might get more genuine humor out of a congressional situation than a jocose draftsman. st - Reticence of Col. Lindbergh con- cerning his marriage may be due to a tactful desire to avoid shifting the spot- light momentarily away from the in- auguration. e March came in like a lamb. A pleas- ant Inauguration day will be so much appreciated that no one will complain if the April fool preliminaries are a lit- tle rough. ——————— It is fortunate that the vast majority of visitors just now are looking not for office but for a good place from which to view the parade. e Having decided to go West, Mrs. Bla- lock unceremoniously leaves many palm- istry clients in doubt as to what their future is going to be. —————— ‘Weather experts say the climate is changing. A long, cold Summer is threatened as a future prediction. A A = An cnergetic press agent is invaluable in action. Like Trotsky, he is ill- rewarded when he is no longer needed. — e — SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. In the Air. The Rules of Gravity relax. ‘The world dismisses usual care. We say, when figuring out a tax, “We're in the Air! We're in the Air!” We have forsaken Mother Earth. Skyward we sail to realms so fair. We say, when asked what stocks are worth, “We're in the Air! We're in the Air!” Since Aviation is the choice Of everybody, everyhere, We hear the echoings all rejoice, “We're in the Air! We're in the Air!” Expecting Recognition, “You will have a great deal to do in the next Congress.” “I may not have much to do,” an- swered Senator Sorghum. “But I cling to the hope of having a great deal to say.” Jud Tunkins says he hates arithmetic. So long as the hairs of a man's head are numbered, he's glad he's bald- headed. Back to First Principles. I don't ask for a motor grand That goes so swift and strong. Just gimme a wheelbarrow, and T'll trundle it along. Stratagem. “Why did you quarrel with your wife Just before you started the trip to Wash- ington, D. C.?” “In order,” said Mr. Chuggins, “to make sure we were not on speaking terms, so that she'd quit trying to drive from the back seat.” “Riches,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “compel some unselfishness, One man accumulates them with tofl, for many others to enjoy.” “We love our enemies,” sald Uncle Eben, “because dey flatters de faults dat a sho-nuff friend tries to dis- courage.” RADIOTORIAL. Poet and Parrot. Both Shaw and Kipling miss the prize Which at the Crown’s disposal lics, Here is a fable which may show How high ambitions are laid low. A parrot who much fame had won Of the menagerie made fun, ~ The lion in command supreme Stepped in and spoiled a happy drcam. He left the bird in great distress, Half choked and wholly featherless. The parrot on recovery, sighed, “I'm clever—that can't be denied; Yet I am in IIl Fortune’s clutch. My Trouble is, I Talk Too Much.” Reed and Repose. “Jim” Reed retires to private life, A gallant figure in the strife. His words like lances he would fling Straight-aimed, but with no poisonous sting. And many who so much admired Are saying “When he says ‘Retired!’ He may enjoy brief rest well won, But ‘QUIT?'—it simply can’t be done!” ——o—— Other Unmentionables, Too. From the Hartford Daily Times. Musical comedies, comfort of the tired business man, including colors of among the Republicans of the Middle ‘weather men are batting out forecasts Wb Dachlliey guauE. A i West which railied around the candi- Qacy of fexmer Gov, Fuank O. Lewden scenes, the singing, dancing and dia- logue, are about to appear on the screen in talkie-movie films, This may call 2or & smoke SCTeqR, _ THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A new way to listen to radio is com- ing into vogue in thousands of Ameri- can homes. Whereas in the past many turned on the set at twilight and let it run on until midnight, a new and more dis- criminating usage today is taking the place of that old wholesale method. We speak not of the extraordinary broadcasts, such as will be sent out to the Nation of the inaugural ceremonies Monday, but simply of day-in and day- out programs. Unless the hordes of radio “fans” throughout the country are to bore themselves to death, something must be done about the marathon listening which js taking place in many homes. Every one knows some person who Mterally “runs” his redio set all dey long—and almost all night, too. Thus he annoys his neighbors and cloys him- self with too much music. x Now music is like any other sweet- ening, too much of it i5 almost worse than none at ail. Every one must be the standard of comparison for himself, of course, but the general truth holds good Who is there who has not experi- enced disgust at hearing the same melody too many times? It may be a beautiful piece of music, but constant repetition will stale it. The same thing holds good of music %o | per se. Mustc in large and vulgar doses tends to nauseate the sensitive listener in a short time. It will take longer to sour the ears of a tougher man, but even he will succumb at last. He may never know what is the matter with him. He will place the blame n his favorite stafion, declare the progiams to be “rottéi.” and turn to feverishly listening to out-of-town broadcas' Everywhere he goes, however, he brings in the same oid tunes, until at last he shuts off his radio set in disgust and goes to bed, hoping next day to find better programs. The next evening finds him at his | place the moment he gets home from work, absorbing whole hours of music, with a few speeches deftly sandwiched in between huge thick slices of “jazz" and “classical” music. % ok % ok ‘There is no hop- for such a listener— ad truly his name Is legion—unless he Irarns moderation in the use of a radio set. The fatal ease with which one may click the switch, and the sclentific cer- tainty with which the loudspeaker will pour forth melody, tirelessly, hour after hour, combine to make endless noise in the home almost a necessity to many. Hundreds of listeners somehow feel lost if the loudspeaker is not roaring away, fed by scores of performers, sometimes en masse and at other times one by one, or two by two, as they trip to the microphone and sing, saw away on violins, thump on pianos, distend their cheeks over saxophones, and in other ways induige in what is broadly termed “entertaining the great Ameri- can_public.” ‘The great American public, snugly sitting in its thousands of living rooms, ebsorbs such a veritable deluge of sound each evening that it is a wonder its composite membership does not become almost tone deaf. When it comes to taking punish- ment, the American ear is in a class by itself. It makes one dizzy to think of all the muscle behind all the music which comes pouring from the scores of broadcasting stations every night. “Take Me Back to Old Virginny” goes roaring through the ether to stir the innards or millions of loudspeakers into activity with enough vigor left to slap itself against the faces of the big mountains where there are no radio sets to absorb it. “Me and the Man in the Moon,” an ungrammatical but catchy tune, bounds into space from the vigorous arms and lungs of vigorous young men, and is instantly magnified by science and electricity into startling propor- tions. 0 “All of this is going on constantly for my benefit,” says the American radio set owner, with awe in his volce. “I must not miss a single note. I want to get my money's worth.” The joke of the matter s that ex- actly the opposita procedure must be Induiged in. 1f the set owner is actually to get his money's worth. Every man of experience knows that quality, not quantity, is what counts in art. When it comes to money, and base_ball scores, and ringside receipts, numbers score high, containing as they do the essence of the thing. but in mat- ters of art numbers give place to ar- rangement @nd a multitude of qualities which have little if anything to do with quantities. It is because radio broadcasts, as a general thing, are composed of a variety of musical programs, each in its kind artistic. that no one can get the most out of his radio by simply listening to it quantitatively. The new way of listening to radio in- volves, first of all. a willingness to cease being a pig with the cars. The new type of listener realizes that, just dull boy. unlimited radio is too much of a good thing. Broadcasts are on the air for almost 124 hours a day, not so that every re- ceiving set may be kept going for the same length of time, but in order that | there will be something to listen to whenever any one cares to tune in. sumer is lelt free to make his own choice. If he wishes to make an aural hog of himself, the broadcasting sta- | tons are willing to permit him to go the whole way. If, on the other ear, he chooses to be discriminating, and to turn on simply what he really likes, this is his privi- lege. Upon this latter listener, one may well think, much depends, if radio is to avoid becoming the nuisance which it sometimes threatens to become. To listen to radio the new way means to respect it enough to leave it alone entirely at times. and to listen to it with discretion the remainder of the time. By such usage of the home radio set the enthusiast kills two birds with one stone, he neither gluts his neigh- bors with sounds nor surfeits himself. What_booklover could stand to read books 18 hours a day, without ceasing, day after day, month after month, year after year? Even the most ardent golfer would rebel at endless rounds of his favorite course. Try listening to your radio just as you would go to a favorite movie thea- ter, maybe three nights a week, and see if you don't enjoy the old set more. Try listening only to your favorite or- chestras, and letting the rest roll by. The boys at the other end won't mind— they can't see you when you turn off the set. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. Mussolini’'s country has canceled all tered numkered 45,878, each paying $10 charges for vises of tourists and emi- grants coming to the United States and tourists from America entering Italy. The new basis of vises went into ef- fect yesterday, and it means reciprocity in making tourists’ vises issued to travelers coming to the United States free, but it cannot annul our charges col- lected by American consuls abroad for immigrants’ vises. Immigration vises are fixed by legis- lative enactment, while tourists’ costs are regulated by the Department of State. It is the policy of the United States to encourage visitors, but to re- strict immigration. Immigration is handled by the De- partment of Labor, according to the ex- pressed mandatory will of Congress; tourists are encouraged by the State Department, as tending to a better un- derstanding between peoples. The Secretary of State, therefore, has full authority. by act of Congress, to make reciprocal reductions as to passports and vises. * K ok x On the basis of the act of February 25, 1925, authorizing the President to enter into agreements with the govern- ments of foreign countries for the mutual waiver or reduction of vise fees for persons who are non-immigrants, an agreement was _concluded on February 26, 1929, with the Itallan government, effective March 1, 1929, Whereby all American citizens traveling to Italy are relieved of the necessity of having Ttalian vise on their passports. Italians coming to the United States who are non-immigrants in the meaning of section 3 of the immigration act of 1924 are, under the terms of the agree- ment, relieved as of March 1, 1929, from the necessity of paying fees for their American therefor. ST At present, the situation between the United Statas and foreign countries is | as follows: No vises a8 all are required for travel between this country and Belgium, Honduras, Italy, Liechtenstein, Nicara- gua, Panama, Siam and Switzerland. Vises are required but reciprocally issued without cost between this country and the following: Albania, Costa Rica, Denmark, Esthonia, Fin- land, Germany, Guatemala, Iceland Japan, Mexico, Persia, Salvador and Sweden. Fees for vises have been reduced, reciprocally, for and by Austria, to $2; Bulgaria, $2; Chile, $4; Czechoslovakia, $1; Spain, 10 pesetas ($1.93); Jugo- slavia, $2. Practically all of these reductions and cancellations have been the fruit of American diplomatic initiative, but Congress stands firm against lowering the cost to immigrants who intend to make this their home and thereby com- pete with American wage earners. It is claimed that the fee of $10 hardly covers the cost to the Govern- ment in receiving and Americanizing the newcomers. This includes the free Americanization schools open to all foreigners, whether they are natural- ized citizens or people who cling to the hyphen. In fact, they are given free training in the American lan- guage before they become qualified to pass examination for citizenship. Their $10 fee for admission into this country is a very slight sum to pay for the privileges and opportunities that go with that admission. i K Kk It is often overlooked that the quota restriction upon immigration does not indicate the number of actual admis- sions of allens. The quota set by law is 164,667, but, owing to the fact that some countries did not send all that they were authorized under our law of 1924 to send us, the total quota immigra- tion that calendar year was 162,420; the non-quota immigration admitted at the same time amounted to 161,255. All of those 323,684 immigrants paid $10 each for their vises, a total revenue of $3,236,840. The money passed into the Nafional! Treasury general funds. During the same year, 1928, the tourists or "non-mgvgrg)n_t.s" who en- —$458,780. * ok ok k Besides a vise on passports, all tour- ists must also have passports certify- ing their citizenship of the United States, In order to travel in foreign lands. The increase in the number of pass- ports issued by the National Govern- ment {s astounding. The World War “sold” Europe to American tourists as it had never before been appreciated here. Americans have been charged with having profited by war conditions. Envious Europeans accuse all American prosperity of being due to our taking advantage of Europe’s distress—a charge 5o repeatedly refuted that it is absurd to consider it. But the result of the turning of American eyes upon Europe by our par- ticipation in the World War, particu- larly by our sending more than 2,000,- 000 inquisitive Americans there, to fight and to bring back descriptions of what they saw ‘“over there,” has Increased the subsequent travel of Americans to Europe six or nine times what it was before the war. In 1913 the passport bureau issued 23,453 passports; in 1914 it issued only 20,320 passports, for the outbreak of the war affected the popularity of go- ing to Europe. In 1919, the first year after the armistice, the number of pass- ports was 97,962, which was explained by the aroused interest in the battle- fields where American soldiers had fought. Europe no longer seemed so far away, after 2,000,000 Americans had been writing letters from there to the circles who had “kept the home fires burning.” As the subsequent years of American activity have increased our plosperity, the number of passports to tourists has increased from 97,962 in 1919 to 176,033 in 1926, 182,425 in 1927 and 189,308 in 8. vise or application |192; * ok ok k 1t must not be assumed that 189,308 means the total number of American globe trotters, for each passport may include a whole family or even a whole party under a guide, with no limit to the number in the party. Until June 4, 1920, the fee for lJ)uspm‘t was only $2; it was then raised to $10 “for rev- enue only.” Since then the adminis- tration has used its good offices toward reciprocal reductions of the cost. Nor do the passport records indicate how many tourists went to any par- ticular part of the globe; passports are not issued to a particular country, but are general certificates of American citizenship. At present there are no statistics available as to where oug travelers go. Nor is there gny charge to Americans for returning to their homeiand. We do not know how many Ameri- cans are living more or less permanently abroad. Complaint has often been made that American capital goes abroad for investment, which might benefit American prosperity more if invested in American enterprises at home. But When capital goes a-touring, many American managers and employes go with it, and some eventually cease to care for the hyphen and cease to sing patriotically “Blest Be the Tie That Binds.” So they cease to use even the American hyphen. Nevertheless, the United States is the only country in the world which finds the immigration restriction problem acutely troublesome. France had some embarrassment by the incoming of Italians and Poles, who stay only through the Summers while rehabilita- tion work in the devastated regions gives unusual employment to' labor, but that is a temporary condition, now practical- ly ended. Without the help of these transients France would not today be rebuilt as she is. But there has been no unemployment in France since the war, a state of prosperity of which even the United States could not boast. We have had at times since the war more than four million men out of employment, and the situation would have quickly become tragic if immigration restriction had not been resorted to almost imme- diately after peace had opened passage- way for the milllons of refugees and re- leased soldiers of the war countries to flock into this country. {Copyright, 1929, by Paul V. Colins) & i as all work and no play made Jack a, In typical American fashion the con- | TON, D. C, SATURDAY, MAFER 2 1920 | THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover A recent book published by the Chemical Foundation, called “Chemistry in Medicine,” tells of the progress made in recent years in medicine, through the | ald of chemistry. The authors of the book include “eminent physiciars, pa- thologists, pharmacologists, physiologists, bacteriologists as well as chemists.” The foreword says that “each story will be told by a specialist in his field and as far as possible in non-technical language that any layman can follow.” There are 10 divisions: “The Significance of Chemistry and of its Methods of Attack on Fundamental Problems”; “Heredity and Development”; “The Human Body as a Machine”; “The Story of the Dis- Civic Life in the Laboratory"; Alleviation of Suffering”; “The War on mvadingcerms," and “A Hope of Man- kind—CRemo-Therapy.” The divislons which discuss ths most valuable contri- butions of chemistry to medicine within the past quarter-century are probably | those on vitamins and dictary diseases, the ductless glands (chemical regulatnrs’ of the body), and germ diseases. * ok ok % How the elusive nutrient principles called vitamins were discovered is told by E. V. McCollum, professor of blo- chemistry, and Nina Simmonds, associ- ate professor of biochemistry, school of hygiene and pyblic health, Johns Hop- kins University, Diseases which result from vitamin deficlency are rickets, scurvy, pellagra, beriberi and probably many other aflments whose causes are difficult to identify. Their cure is to be looked for in the regulation of diet, not in drugs. Foods which contain vitamin A are cod liver ofl, butter fat, egg yolk, liver, leafy v yellow pigmented ve Growing | bublic knowledge of this fact accounts ifor the soaring of the price of calves’ liver to S1 a pound or more. Vitamin B is present in undermilled rice, beans, peas, nuts and yeast. So the consump- tion of yeast cakes as an after-dinner | confecticn is not to be laughed at as 'a mere fad. Raw fruits and vegetables jare rich in vitamin C. “Lind stated | that total deprivation of men for about 40 days of all fresh fruits or vegetables would result in the appearance of incip- ient scurvy.” That is why “today every intelligent mother knows that a baby fed on cow's milk must receive an antiscorbutic supplement—orange, lem- on or tomato juice.” Vitamin D is nec- essary in a dietary, or rickets may de- velop in children. This vitamin is abun- dantly present in the old-fashioned ! remedy cod liver oil, now restored to popularity. Butter and the yolks of eggs also contain it. Cereals ‘and va- Tious leafy vegetables contain vitamin . The net conclusion seems to be that to avoid all diseases one should also avoid food fads and should eat a little of everything. * ok ok ok ‘The general chapter on the ductless glands, “The Internal Secretions,” is written by Roy Graham Hoskins, di- rector of research, Memorial Founda- tion for Endocrine Research, Harvard University. The hormones, or active chemical principles of the glands, share | with the vitamins the place of honcr in modern medical chemistry. “The used in opotherapy are known as inter- nal secretions or hormones. These may be defined as substances produced in one part of the body and distributed by the blood or lymph to other parts, the structure or functions of which are thereby modified.” The suprarenal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and sex glands all have their functions, some of which are antidotes to others which secrete in excess. Modern chemistry has produced medicines from some of thesc glands for the treatment of diseases resulting from gland atrophy or hyper- trophy, but “much of the present vogue of gland therapy is hit-or-miss groping in the dark.” Epinephrine, thyroxine, pituitary extracts and insulin are somc of the medicines derived from glands. x * % X ‘To show the scope of the division entitled “The War on Invading Germs,” it is sufficient to give the chapter head. ings: “The Germ Theory of Disease”; “Immunity—the Chemical Warfare of Existence”; “The Fight Against Pus Or- ganisms”; “The Battle Against Malarfa”; “The Advance Against Amebic Dysen- tery”; “The Hope of the Leper”: “The War on the Hookworm™; “The Combat Against Syphills,” and “The Battle Against Tuberculosis.” * ok ok ok Paris of the fifteenth century was not as dirty a place as it was during the age of reason, according to D. B. Wynd- ham Lewis, in his “Francois Villon,” a most thorough and entertaining biography of the vagabond poet. Yet it seems to have been dirty enough, for, says Mr. Lewis, there was “above all, louder than all, possessing and over- flowing and .embracing all, the smell, the famous smell of Paris. The town stank more bitterly than any other large town of Europe. Its drainage system had, it is true, been bettered since the time of St. Louis, when it could be summed up in four words, Tout a la rue.” Mr. Lewis concludes his further discussion of the drainage of Paris with the ironical comment, “Community plumbing is one of the very modern fine arts, like criticism; but useful.” The mud of Paris is then described with a vividness to make one feel its quality. “The mud of Paris was proverbial for its property of stick- ing and fouling, though some of the principal streets had been paved with olerres grosses et fortes as far back as the reign of Philippe-Auguste. * * * ‘A smell as if sulphur were mingled with the mud,’ writes Evelyn in his Parisian diary in 1643. It was mud viscous, mud evil, mud inevitable, mud enduring, mud absolute. At the cry ‘A la malle tache!” the wives of the bourgeols, dis- consolately gazing at their skirts, turn- ed to buy a phial of stain-eradicator from the grinning vendor; and as they did so a brisk horseman spurring past would send up fresh fountains of the gluey stuft from the kennel to be- spatter them. Coaches, which were soon to make life & hell for the foot passenger in Paris and in London alike, were not yet. Catherine de Medicis brought them from Italy in the Renais- sance.” * ok kK ‘The period of Louis XIV is treated with the ammation and telling detail which tempt many to read history rather than romance, in “Louis XIV, King of France and Navarre,” by C. S. Forester. Louis himself is of course the center of the picture, but all the glam- orous crowd which made up his court are shown coming and going, flattering and intriguing, always amusing them- selves. There are Mazarin, Marie- Therese, James II of England, an exile in France; Conde, Turenne, Prince Eugene, Colbert, Mme. de Montespan, Mme. de Maintenon, Olympe de Man- cini and all the rest of the courtlers and royal mistresses, besides the few work- ers who attended the public affairs. * ok ok K Little has been known about the life of the man who collected in English the scattered Arthurian legends of the Middle Ages, Sir Thomas Malroy. A careful and scholarly work is the recent volume “Sir Thomas Malroy: His Tur- bulent Career. A Biography,” by Ed- ward Hicks. Malroy, the author of the “Morte d'Arthur,” source book for Tennyson and all other poets using Arthurian material, was a knight of Shakespeare’s own country, Warwick- shire, who lived about 150 years before Shakespeare. He was a soldler of many adventures on his own account, as well as the recorder of the adventures of King Arthur and his knights. During some years which he spent in Newgate Jall, on account of political 1l fortune, he did much of his work on the “Morte d'Arthur,” which was printed by Cax- ton in 1485, * ok kX Andre Maurols has turned, at least temporarily, from biography to fiction with his novel “Climats.” This is not his first novel, as he has previously liten what is considered more or Jesd peculiar chemical substances that are | GAIY. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Many readers send in questions, signed only with initlals, asking that the answers appear in the newspaper. ‘The space is limited and would not ac- commodate a fraction of such reques The answers published are ones that may interest many readers, rather than | the one who asks the question only.| All questions should be accompanied | by the writer's name and address and | 2 cents in coln or stamps for reply. Send your question to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. What are the colors and markings | the test plane, Question Mark?— | . D. of H. 3 A. The colors of the Question Mark are as follows: Tail and wings, yellow; body, olive drab; rudder, red and white. | ‘The markings are as follows: On one | side is L 5 signia of the Cepitol. ©On the opposite side is the name, Ques. tion Mark. . Q. Can the President appoint any one he chooses to his cabinet?—V. W. A. The President of the United States appoints his cabinet members, but these appointments must be confirmed by the Senate. @ Will pine timber worms get in it>—B. L. A. It does not necessarily die. Q. Please give the origin of the al- phabet now in use—M. S. A. According to a recent publication of the National Geographic Soclety no true alphabet is in use today by a people who originated it. The English alphabet came directly from the Latin. ‘The Romans borrowed it from the Greeks; the Greeks from the Phoeni- cians. It is not known whence the Phoenicians obtained their alphabet. It has been suggested that the 22 char- acters were adopted from the hiero- glyphics of Egypt, the cuneiform char- acters of Babylon, or the symbols used by the Hittites or Cretans. A theory widely accepted today is that the Phoenicians, being great traders and therefore familiar with the various sys- tems of writing used by the nations dwelling around the Mediterranean, chose from them such symbols as they needed and thus compiled their owr alphabet. Q. When will the Roosevelt Dam be finished?—E. J. F. y A. The Rooscvelt Dam is completed. It has been turned over to the South | River Valley Water Users’ Association, | Phoenix, Ariz. Q. How is Blau gas made? What is its chief recommendation?—T. A. A. Blau gas was invented by a Ger- man_chemist by that name. Quite a number of oils may be used for the manufacturing of this kind of gas. The gas is obtained by spraying gas oil into highly heated retorts. The main ad- vantage of this gas in carrying it is the fact that it simplifies the matter of compensating for the loss of weight. Q. What cities in the United States lead in steel production?—S. K. K. A. Based on value of products for es- tablishments within city limits, in 1927, always die after burgh, Pa, fourth, and Youngsto Ohio, fifth, in steel production. Q. Of what material are typewr ribbons made?—J. F. P A. Typewriter ribbons are usui made of the best quality nainso closely woven of fine even thread sp from the best long-fiber Sea Island cf ton. They are inked by means of sif cial machinery so that each fiber Y comes thoroughi; Q. How much money the mints last year?. A A. According to the report of the D rector of the Mint for June 30, 191 the total value of domestic coinage ex cuted was $262,355707 for 252.776.3: pleces. The value of the fiscal yea domestic gold colnage was $249.595,00¢ silver dollars, $2,018,649: subsidiary s ver, $5,037,418; n §2,315,850, = bronze, $1,48¢,3¢ Q. WIil the interior of the earth eve] become cold?—M. V. A. It is not generally believed tha) the interfor of the earth will ever be| come entirely cool. Geological fact| point to the conclusion that the earth interfor is not molten. The interfor solid but so hot that it would be moltey under normal conditions. It is, how: ever, kept from melting by the enor mous load of the crust. The conditio in which the heated rock exists in th: interfor is one of the fundamental prob! lems of geology still awaiting solution was_coined A W, Q. What is the widest point in th St. Lawrence River and in the Guj of St. Lawrence P A. The widest point in the St. Lawi rence River proper is at Gaspe, whey it is over 50 miles wide, but there a two expansions of the river which a known as Lake St. Francis and Lak| St. Peter above the city of Three Rivers ‘The Gulf of St. Lawrence at its wides point is 65 miles wide. Q. Was Washington's Farewell Adj dress soon_translated into foreign lan) guages?—T. C. A. In New York and Pennsylvanid was speedily translated into Dutch an German. Q. What was called “the democra among the graphic arts"?—G. A. M. A. Woodcuts were so dubbed. Q. How can artificial silk be distiy guished from real silk?- & A A. Artificial silk, or “rayon,” as it generally called, is much more lustro than real silk, more stiff and hars| and burns like cotton, with a yello flame that flashes along and leaves small amount of gray ash. An excej tion is a brand of artificial silk whig gives a hard ball of ash. The ya untwist very readily and the individu: filaments spread apart in more or le: of a fan shape. Q. Does a violin improve with a and become more valuable?—V. McE. A. The fact that a violin is old dod not necessarily mean that, from an 1 trinsic standpoint, it is more valuabl than a newer one. Some of the cently made violins have such exquisif tone that they can scarcely be ides In first; Chicago, IIl, 3 d., was second; Cleveland, Ohio, third; Pitts- tified when compared with the worl of the old violin makers. Edison Denial of Happ iness Puzzles Skeptical Friend The suggestion from Thomas A. Edi- son that he is “not acquainted with any one who is happy” brings a protest from a world which belleves that Mr. Edison himself at least approaches the state of happiness. It is conceded that those who seek this goal are likely to fail,” while others succeed as a result of ~their achieving more unselfish things. Defining the coveted prize of happi- ness as “a state of being, more or less permanent, in which a large measure, or the full complement, of satisfaction, especially of the higher kind, is experienced,” the Boston ‘Transcript suggests that “very likely Mr. Edison has no definition of happi- ness and his statement is without sig- nificance.” The Transcript argues: “Mr. Edison would hardly assert that such a state of being was impossible of attainment or that it was not attained. In his own case he might agree with Marcus Aurellus that a man’s happi- ness consists in doing the things proper to man. The things that Mr. Edison has done have been clearly proper to one of his remarkable talents, and he has given many evidences that he found happiness in the doing. If, however, he had in mind a condition in which life was perpetually full of happiness and satisfaction, he might well agree with George Bernard Shaw's declara- tion that a lifetime of happiness would be a hell on earth. And he doubtless would disagree with Pope, who said that mqi,l:neu was ‘our being's end and * ko % “It is too bad that Mr. Edison, in his role as oracle” suggests the Kansas City Star. “did not go farther and explain what he conceived happiness to . Then we could understand his statement. Happiness, an abstract quality over which the psychologists would wrangle happily for hours, has been the hunting ground of centuries of poets.” The Star remarks further: ~Happiness being a state of emotional felicity, one would fancy offhand that Thomas A. Edison would qualify as a happy man. He has good health—ex- cept for deafness—an ample income to follow the dictates of his own desires, and the knowledge of having achieved undying distinction. But he gives us a categorical denial. If Edison, out of the fullness of his life, is not happy, who is? Probably in a way Mr. Edison is right. We all have moments of con- tentment and of enjoyment, but think- ing humans cannot, without closing their eyes and ears, enjoy that com- plete felicity which, in the final analysis, would be pure happiness.” “Happy men are truly rare” admits the Canton Daily News, but that paper contends: “If Mr. Edison will look far enough he can find here and there one who possesses the substance of happi- ness. That will be some lucky wight who, having ceased to care or ask for happiness, has thereby found it.” The Portsmouth Star takes a similar view, stating that “through some strange quirk in the make-up of the universe, if we make the pursuit of happiness the sole aim in life we are bound to lose it. It can't be taken by storm. It must come unasked.” “I¢ this had come from a man who was @scouraged and defeated, it would be easy to understand,” states the Wa- terloo Tribune. “But from Edison— Edison the successful, the brilliant, the well beloved! Why should this man, at 82, say a thing like that?" The Tribune concludes, “Out of our discon- tent, and the restless activity that it causes, can be born those little achieve- ments that, slowly, century after cen- tury, are shaping the world a little more closely to the model that man has dreamed of for ages.” * ok ok % “If there are happy people in the world, Thomas A. Edison has had ex- are chasing the bluebird in every d: rection, but how many of us ever find it? Occasionally we laugh like a child thinking we have put salt on its tail but on closer examination the bird stuffed or cut out of cardboard. Wi have gotten too far away from the sim. ple pleasures of life that are really worth while, We are breaking our necks to keep up with the Joneses Sometimes we succeed in passing them only to find that the Joneses werd chasing a shadow. Our entertainmen is artificlal. We buy it because wi have money to spend. The home no longer a magnet that draws warn {riendship to our firesides.” ‘The questionnaire from the pres which brought out this view from t inventor is mentioned by the Columb: Evening Dispatch, which pays the tribj ute to his act in “good-naturedly fillin| t” the document, and believes t! “the wide publicity given his answi attests the respect in which the worl holds his intellect.” The Dubuqu| American_Tribune feels that “his an| swer on happiness is hard to unde: stand.” That paper declares: “But lif{ is not without happiness. In fact, hap) Flness is an element of life's value an ife’s power. As every man has ne to happiness, so, too, every man has right to it. It is indispensable to health of the soul and body. It necessary to physical and spiritual in dustry. Happiness stimulates man’ energy and effort, brings individual closer together, promotes social inter and tles the knot of friend A “The whole world is a debtor to M Edison and all delight to honor him,' states the Morgantown New Dominio: “His life has been one of service to h fellow men and even after pnuu:‘.u h age of fourscore years he is s work and enjoys his work because finds in it the satisfaction which come of achievement.” That paper also em phasizes the point that “this anniver sary of the inventor's birth took th form of a national celebration and M Edison was honored by people of al countries and of both high and lot degree.” 'he most intriguing part about M Edison,” as observed by the Columb Record, “Is now, as it always has been his tendency to play down his owy greatness. For the greater part of M comparatively long life on this pl he has never posed nor strutted abou as the peacock might do, although h has pulled some of the greatest secref the world has ever seen from the scien tific hat for upwards of 50 years.” Predicting 50 Years Ahead Called Foolisl From the Salina Journal. Comparatives are strange thingg Thus we know that a big ant is mucl smaller than a little elephant. And sometimes happens the same thing e be both big and little, great or insignifi cant, according to the different metho of comparison we employ. ‘Thomas Edison, great inventor, wizard and genius, does not have a very greal opinion of mankind, we judge from thg interview he gave out on the occaslo of ‘his eighty-second birthday gnni. versary. Asked about progress in th next 50 years, he said, “It's impossible o tell anything about it. We don' know a millionth of one per cent abou anything.” So, what dumbbells we are! Yet if we compare advances of {! last century, we are confronted with marked strides we have made. tions have undergone an almost com plete revolution in that time. We fy] we drive at terrific speed through th streets, we run boats under water, listen to a concert in New York with nd wires connecting us—we man amazing things. So, what wise p traordinary opportunity to know them,” says the Ogden Standard-Examiner, “for the successful have made a beaten path to his door.” Analyzing his state- ment, that paper suggests: “Who is gaing to dispute that statement? We the story of his own life, “Bernard Quesnay,” which tells of a young man who succeeds his father as the head of a large indusirial establishment, but prefers literature to business. Maurois ‘himselt erited certain textile fac- wories, A ; T we _have become! Yet Mr. Edison is right. P 50 years ahead is usually foolish. d it is becoming apparent, in the ve strides we now are making, that know precious little of what there is to be learned. And, as stated before, th knowledge is nothing to give us the head. Really it tends to show what in. significant things we are and whaf wonderful things have been going before us all the time, and how pitiful weak mentally we were in that we di not understand them, or gven Knp) B