Evening Star Newspaper, January 20, 1929, Page 25

h EDITORIAL SECTION ¢ Sunday Star, WASHINGTON, Part 2—14 Pages | s D. SUNDAY REORGANIZATION CALLED NEW REGIME’S MAIN TASK Energy, Efficiency and Intelligence in Management, Attributes of Hoover Called For. BY )I:\RK SULLIVAN. HE principal jobs of the new ad- ministration under Mr. Hoover are going to be tLose of organi- ion, construction and reor- nézation. In a broad way the principal requisite is going to be energy, intelligence and efficiency in the man- agement of the Government and its de- partments ‘To illustrate the very different nature the tasks that will engage Mr. Hoover’s administration and those con- fronting Harding's eight years ago, we oan start with the Treasury Depart- ment In the Treasury, when Harding came nto office, there was the job of paying the public debt and recorganizing the Government_finances on a permanent post-war basis, It should be said at once that some of the work of paying the public debt and some of the other post-war read- jyustment had already been done, and done well, by the Wilson administra- tion. The Wilson Democratic adminis- tration had more than two years of power and responsibility from the time of the armistice, November 11, 1918, to the beginning of Harding's administra- tion, March 4, 1921. During those more than two years the Treasury, under two of Wilson's Secretaries—Carter Glass and David F. Houston—had made much progress toward cleaning up the in- evitable chaos of wartime, had liqui- dated much of the material left over and had paid off a considerable portion of the public debt. Problems of the Treasury. ‘The bulk of the work, however, re- pmained. Not until after Mr. Mellon be- came Secretary of the Treasury was it ssible to lay down the permanent mes of debt reduction. Not until then could a dependable estimate be made about the quantity of revenue that could be produced for the Treasury by #merican business after it should be on W normal, peace-time basis. The re- nding of large portions of the war ebt, at a lower rate of interest, re- mained to be done. Several successive Pew and intricate tax laws remained written in accordance with ex- rience gained. The whole mechanism gr collecting internal revenue and other xes remained to be organized on a permanent basis, since the immense ex- Pansion of this machinery attending the ‘war could not be put on an orderly peace-time basis until some time after the war ended. The internal revenue from intoxicating liquors had ceased with the coming of prohibition in 1920, and to take care of the loss of that source of revenue new arrangements had to be made. The entire matter of me $10,000,000,000 due us from Euro- an nations for war loans had to be anaged, and settlements remained to be negotiated with each of these coun- tries. That is the picture of the task con- fronting one department of the Gover: ment—the Treasury—when the Har ing administration came in. Substan- tially all this has nowsbeen completed. In the Hoover administration the|pe tasks of the Treasury Department con- stitute merely a normal peace-time job of system, organization, efficiency and energy. ‘What is true of the Treasury Depart- ent is true of the whole Government. t illustrates the difference between the needs and tasks of the Harding ad- ministration and, on the other hand, the needs and tasks of the Hoover ad- ministration. State Department Situation. ‘To turn to the State Department: That is at all times, of course, a job for a big man. In the most peaceful of eras the State Department calls for high ability. Also, the State Department is ever subject to emergency. It cannot control the tasks that may at any time confront it, because those tasks, as a rule, arise outside of the United States. To merely stand &a. the representative of the United States in negotiations with foreign powers; to be the personi- Qication of the integrity, strength and dignity of the United States in the eyes of the governments of the world—that 1s always a big job for a big man, re- gardless of the specific problems that arise. Secretary of State is in some states, next to the presidency itself, the most exalted honor the country pro- vides. But the same comparison can be wmade in the State Department as in the ‘Treasury. When the Harding adminis- tration came in eight years ago we were half in and half out of the Versailles treaty between the allies and Germany, with the intricate complexities which that situation inwolved. In a sense, we were still half in and half out of the League of Nations, though, as a mat- ter of fact, the Senate’s formal refusal to join the League had occurred some time before the Harding administration began. Our peace-time relations with our war-time enemies—Germany, Aus- tria and Turkey—remained to be agreed upon. The disposition of the colonies | taken from Germany by the allies and our interests in those settlements were still in question. In short, Charles E. Hughes, whom Harding chose to be his Secretary of State, had one of the most complex and difficult tasks that ever faced the holder of that office. Relations With Russia. ‘The task of the Secretary of State under Mr. Hoover will be different, will probably be less complex, and yet may not be simple. One of the obvious probable jobs will be the achievement of a normal relation with Russia. It would seem probable that within the next four or eight years the conditions should arise that wi f-ticns with Russia possible. In one respect the next Secretary of State will have a help that Harding had not. Harding knew nothing of foreign relations and, with charac- teristic modesty, did not pretend know anything. Hoover, as President, will know much of foreign relations ‘Who can doubt, for example, that Mr. Hoover at this moment has within his own head a greater body of informa- tion and judgment than any other one man about the relations between the tries of Latin America? Department of Justice. In the Department of Justice the case | is similar. When the Republicans came into power, in 1923, it is & fair statement of the record to say that they believed— at least they said—that one of the principal jobs of that department would be to put Democrats in jail. The claims made by the Republicans during the campaign of 1920, ghat the Democratic administration of the war had been wantonly wasteful, and, in part, crim- inally wasteful, are not now a pleasant episode to 100k back upon. The appro- priations made by the Republican Con- greos and the small army of lawyers set Justice Depariment to prose- | ‘were called war-time frauds, an incident most of us would | As it turned out, DnFl the Department of Justice during the eight veaprs after the beginning of Harding’s Republican administration was to pros- ' able only here. up o the rather forget o1 (ne actuai, Jons of prinuipas ~“nded States and each of the coun- | ecute the man whom Harding put at the head of that department, Harry M. Daugherty, together with some other Government. officials appointed by the easy-going Harding, such as Forbes, Fall and Miller. In any event, the job of the Depart- ment of Justice during the coming ad- ministration of Mr. Hoover will be akin | to the spirit of the whole Hoover ad- | ministration. It will be a job of or- | ganization, energy and efficiency. Spe- | cifically, it will be a job of terminating some of the disregard of law mnow existing, of bringing about increased respect for the law and greater cer- tainty of punishment for violation of law; of systematizing and expediting the flow of the increased volume of c.ses through the Federal courts. This contrast between the tasks of the Harding administration and those of the coming administration of Mr. Hoover runs through all thet depart- ments. Department of Agriculture. In the Department of Agriculture, when Mr. Harding came in, one of the principal tasks was to take account of the distress which fell upon farrggng, partly as a consequence of the pos® war deflation of prices. During th® last eight years the principal activisy of the Government, as respects agricuivire, has been to seek a cure for agricultural dis- tress. Presumably this will he accomplished | through the farm relief measure about | to be passed. The farm relief measure | will set up a mechanism for farm mar- keting and other purposes, and will set it up as an independent arm of govern- ment outside the Departmefit of Agri- culture. Thereafter the Department of Agriculture, under Mr. Hoover's admin- istration, will be free to settle back to what was its normal work for the first 30 years of its existence—that is, mainly a work of science as applied to agri- culture. Depends on Congress. It was said above that “reorganiza- tion” would be one of the dutstanding tasks of Mr. i tion that Congress will at least be will- ing to get down to the work of reorgan- izing the Government departments. During the campaign last Summer Gov. Smith whs able to jeer at the Re- publicans for the awkwardness, waste and inefficiency involved in the present distribution of Government functions. He was able also, because he himself had accomplished a similar reform in New York State, to promise that if he should be elected President he would reorganize and simplify the Govern- ment machinery. ‘That jeer, that accusation and that campaign argument were, in the lan- guage of the contemporary classics, “coming to” the Republicans. For nearly eight years the Republicans have been promising to do this work. It was announced, pretentiously—and sincerely —by the Harding administration when it came into power, that one of the earliest jobs it would attend to would Government reorganization. It was attended to—on paper. The Harding administration conscientiously went as far as the executive branch of the Government is able to go. It made an admirable modern plan for the re- distribution of the Government de- partments. The plan went to Congress, which alone could enact the laws neces- sary to put it into effect. The plan remains in Congress. If the Republican party is not to be subject to further and more severe jeer- ing, the actual enactment of reorgani- zation by Congress and the putting it into effect thereafter by the new Presi- dent will be attended to as one of the early tasks of the new administration. Construction Program. ‘There will be one other main line of activity, during the administration of Mr. Hoover. We can speak of it as “construction.” The Government will engage in engineering works on a scale never before known. Mississippi flood relief will be begun and to a large ex- tent carried out. Boulder Dam will be built. The imperatively needed public buildings in Washington and all over the country, which were postponed as a matter of economy since during the war, will be begun. All in all, the principal tasks of the new administration, the principal needs of the Government, fall into a grouping which, as it happens, the new President is peculiarly able to deal with. (Copyright, 1929.) . Famous Monastery Is 1,400 Years Old One of the most interesting cente- naries to be celebrated in 1929 is that of the famous monastery at Monte Cas- sino, half way between Rome and Na- ples, which boasts of a history of 1,400 years. The Pope, Italian government and scholars throughout the world will join with the Benedictine monks in the event. His holiness is writing a letter setting forth the religious and cultural signifi- | cance of the venerable institution. It was at Monte Cassino in 529 that St. Benedict founded the religious order bearing his name and promulgated a .set of rules for a life dedicated to work, I'study and prayer which seems to have ino_precedent. | This hilltop abbey kept burning the {lamp of civilization during the stormy | middle ages. Barbarians and enemies of the church, such as the Emperor | Frederick II, repeatedly attacked, and | in some cases destroyed, the monastery ill make normal re- | pyjidings, but each time the monastery | | arose from the ruins more imposing | than ever. And despite the discourage- { ments of the age, scholarly monks at bMonte Cassino tirelessly copied the { precious codices embodying the learning 10 | of the ancient world, thus preserving for modern civilization the thoughts and | the literature of ancient Greece and | Rome, | Americans in Lead In Berlin Visitors In the number of foreign visitors | to Berlin Americans take the lead with 35,500, then follow the Austrians with 122,600 and Poles with 17,900. In 1927 statistics show 3,720,000 overnight | foreign sojourns in ' Berlin. | Experts estinfate the average daily expenditure of a traveler in Berlin to {be $6.50 a day. Thus about $25,000,000 |are deposited here yearly by forelgners. | And as the greatest part is expended for living, eating and so forth, 20 per cent remains for other purchases. The Americans mostly buy novelties |they cannot get in America, such as {handmade wares. Berlin does not have many special- ties. Only eau de cologne, light and waterproof stuffs (cottons and arti- ficial silk), “nirosta’” (non-rusting steel- ware), dinner sets, crockery, medical {instruments and fountain pens. These wares are new patents and are attain- MORNING, JANUARY BY HENRY KITTREDGE NORTON. UAL personality has been the tale, both before and since Stevenson wrote “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." The struggle fascinate both authors and readers. The Roman question is such a_tale. 1t is the struggle of two souls for a least, so we have been told on num- erous occasions—and each of the two souls has an indefensible right to of the capital of the Catholic world lo- cated elsewhere as it is to think of the capital of Italy located elsewhere. absorbing theme of many a of two souls for a single body seems to single city. The city is eternal—at possess it. It is as impossible to think To be sure, there have been dark BY J. GEORGE FREDERICK, Author of “Modern Industrial Consolidation.” UROPE'S earnest labors to form and operate international cartels are powerful and definite proof of the existence of a new order of things in its business life and thought. The end of Europe’s predominantly political era is in sight; an economic era is at hand. Until recently England and other European countries believed that higher standards of living and economic well- being could be obtained through parlia- ments and politics. Then came the general strike in England. Its failure as a labor policy formed a sharp con- trast with the success of the economic development policy of American labor. The illusion was shattered. A swift turnabout was evidenced and now has been emphasized by the epoch-making coming together of English capital and labor under Lord Melchett's leadership. Europe has begun to abandon politi- cal hopes, programs and agitations. It has turned to technical economics of production and consumption. In search of a higher standard of living, as well as political peace, it at last is listening to its own economic experts, who long have cried out the warning that politi- cal approaches must be scrapped; that Europe cannot have the benefits of modern big business technique unless the scope of such big business is much broader than the little states of Europe. A United States Steel Corporation compelled to operate only in the State of Delaware or Rhode Island, or even Massachusetts, could never be a United States Steel Corporation such as it is today. It would not even be able to find the raw material it needs in such a little State. It obtains ore and coal today from Minnesota, Alabama, Penn- sylvania and many other States. The same is true of any other American big business; it can ignore State lines entirely and operate as a unit from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Huge Economic Tool. The cartel is a huge and decisive economic tool, cutting across the politi- cal boundaries of Europe as boldly as the lines of sales territories of large American corporations cut across State lines. And in these internafional car- tels are to be found the laboratories, the crucibles of a possible new Europe. ‘Their success or failure will be crucial. At the present moment they are in that precarious infant period when the mortality rate is high and the situation tense with possibilities of infant dis- eases and infant alarms. All big busi- ness, indeed, seems to be born amid political thunderstorms and rumblings; the birth of big business in America at the beginning of the twentieth cen- tury was marked by a crude struggle to overturn the predominating political approach to life and progress and to substitute the economic approach. ‘The European cartel is slowly develop- ing strength and mastering the over- powering political, racial and traditional attitudes which hamper it tremendously. It is slowly conquering one obstacle after another, even though negotiations appear to break down and a stalemate results occasionally for a year or two. ‘Two or three great international car- tels are setting the pace, even though these giants themselves have not yet mastered their problems. ‘The steel cartel is one of these out- standing organizations, and its method is the basic principle behind nearly all of Europe's cartels. The crude steel makers of Germany, France, Belgium, Luxerbourg and the Saar Valley agreed to set & percentage quota of the total | production for each country to market. They also agreed to accept a penalty for deviation from this quota. An initial difficulty was Germany's very large pro- NERAL VIEW OF THE HOLY CITY, AS SEEN FROM THE CUPOLA OF ST. PETERS. LEFT INSET: BENITO M USSOLINL days for the papacy during which its seat was transferred to Ravenna or Avignon, but these were always periods of exile. From the beginning the See of 8t. Peter has been at Rome. All the forces of Catholic history, tradition and sentiment demand that it remain at Rome and that the successor of St. Peter shall guide the destinies of the Catholic world from the Eternal City. “Rome” 1is a universally accepted synonym for the headquarters of the Catholic Church. But “Rome” is equally a synonym for the headquarters of Italian power. Although it was less than 60 years ago that King Victor Emmanuel moved down from Piedmont to make Rome the capital of the newly formed Italian PUDDLING—A METHOD OF CONVERTING WROUGHT IRON. duction capacity, and she was obliged to accept a ratio of quota to capacity which is less than other countries. Of the yearly production of 29,280,000 of tons, the German share is 43.17 per cent, the French 31.19 per cent, the Belgian 11.56 per cent, Luxembourg’s is 8.30 per cent, and that for the Saar Valley is 5.78 per cent. One dollar is paid into the common treasury for each ton of crude steel produced. For each ton produced in excess of this quota, $4¢ must be paid. There is an accounting each quarter, and when a participating country produces less than its quota; it is pald $2 out of the treas- ury for each ton it falls shy, until the deficiency reaches 10 per cent but only for a few months. This penalty feature is the striking new development in cartel operation. It is designed not only to prohibit excess groducuon by individual members, but 0 curtail price cutting on the world market. So far as it is possible to tell from the short time it has been in op- eration, it appears to be a bold but effi- cient method. Production and accounting are super- vised by a neutral trustee, which again is an interesting and novel feature. A unit world sales organization has been in process of development for some time, but this has not yet been completed, Belgium Balks. The entire steel cartel recently was threatened most seriously by the balking of Belgium. Her unusually low produc- tion costs. made her restive under the quota restraint and she refused to accept the export quota set by the car- ¢el for semi-finished products and steel bm‘.wnshe desired a much larger pro- duct Hmn.m;motlheo { | Kingdom, national sentiment very soon began to think of the new nation as the lineal descendant of the Italy of the days of Roman glory. This sentiment has reached its culmination in the Fascist conception of modern Italy as the successor of the Roman empire. Thus history, tradition and senti- ment have linked together forces which demand that Rome be the Italian capital as irresistibly as church senti- | ment demands it as the capital of the | Catholic world. In the early centuries of the Chris- tian church, while the authority of the Catholic Hierarchy was being centered in Rome and the bishop of that city, because of his reputed possession of the keys to heaven, became known as the L L N A CAST IRON INTO (Etching by Frank Brangwyn.) countries represented in the cartel sided with her. Germany offered Belgium part of her quota, in return for promises to limit Belgian sales of certain steel products in Germany, thus opening up a new phase in international cartel operation: namely, trading of cartel quotas between cartel members in different countries. But Belgium hesitated so long that Germany, hit by depression, withdrew her offer. Germany, in fact, having a rather low quota, has also come to a critical test of cartel loyalty. With home markets dropping off, she is ap- parently tentatively planning for inde- sendent selling. And so we have the rst crucial test of the quota system in a large cartel. . ‘The working out of the price situa- tion by the steel cartel also has been Tather disappointing, although the blame is laid on delay in getting the unit world sales organization into func- tioning order. The cartel has not been able to fix prices low enough to com- pete with British, erican and other steel producers outside the organization. But then, the cartel has not yet been “oiled up” and geared to its greatest possible speed, where it can register its effectiveness against outside competi- tors. Possibly it never will compete successfully with them; but fairness de- mands that judgment be suspended until it begins to function in full. Our American experience shows that great vertical organizations take considerable time to integrate themselves and reach their full effectiveness—as witness the years of development of General Motors before it was able really to compete with Ford. Those clashes which have occurred have emphasized the fact that a cartel, to have the best chances of success, 20, POPE PIUS XI. 1929. “Roman Problem” Near End Vatican and Fascist Government Have Set About to Settle Difficulties, Apparently With Success RIGHT INSET: “Papa” of all Christians, the sway of the church remained purely spiritual. In 754 Pepin the Short, who, with the aid of the Pope, was crowned King of the Franks, repaid his benefactor by assisting the Pope against the Lombard King, Aistulf. Pepin's arms triumphed and he forced Aistulf to surrender the territory of Ravenna on the shores of the Adriatic not far below Venice. This he donated to the Pope, who thus be- came a temporal as well as a spiritual ruler. During the long and arduous struggles of the papacy in the Middle Ages the papal possessions were considerably in- creased. They reached their greatest extent under Innocent III, the militant (Continued on Fifth Page.) Europe Courts Big Business Cartels Will Cut Across International Boundaries—Great Era of Prosperity Foreseen should have all the main factors as members. As English producers are not in the steel cartel, it has a very hard race to run in Europe, to say nothing of American competition. Has Ended “Dumping.” It has already functioned most sat- isfactorily, however, in eliminating “dumping” and in. limiting excess pro- duction. Total.production is not finally fixed; it varies according to the fiat of a board, a “commit| of four,” which adjusts the total "to” circumstances. ‘When the unit world sales organization and the price level have been worked out as satisfactorily as have other prob- lems, if this is possible of attainment, the steel cartel will have demonstrated its success. The recent quota disagree- ments do not spell failure; they repre- sent merely the friction naturally at- tendant upon fractional adjustments in any union ‘of independent interests. As a general rule international cartel organizations are attempted in such shambles of competitive warfare and mutual wariness that efforts at union meet with understandable initial diffi- culties. Cartels that do not consist of associations of different nationalities, but which are based upon agreements between comparatively few undertak- ings in new branches of industry and upon the utilization of specific patents under license, are more easily formed and apparently have longer lives. A number of international cartels have been formed on a monopoly right basis in the cheniical, electro-technical, metal, petroleum and other industries. Why U. S. Has Had No Fear. ‘What Europe has most sorely needed is a technique for economic union in broad industries across political bound- aries, and it is obviously that tech- nique which is now being forged, with much heat and flying sparks. Produc- tion quotas are readily agreed upon, for after all they are statistically calculable from the relative positions of the in- dustries, but agreements upon the more subtle factors involved, unit world sales organization and price levels, come less easily. And therein lies the real secret of why America has not yet had much to fear from the cartels.” For in price and in selling European industries in most cases gre weaker than those of America, with their business technique and mass production. The great new chemical cartel, oper- ating in dyestuffs and fertilizers, and comprising France as well as England and Germany, which had previously combined, is Now organized after many long delays. There is reason to believe that the Germans have agreed to with- draw from the French field altogether when export trade develops, the Ger- man chemical trade being still 50 per cent below prewar volume. England'’s great dye interests were the last to sign the agreement. Swiss dye- stuff interests are negotiating for entry and Belgium chemical organizations also are expected to be brought in. The vital quota divisions for produc- tion, the formulation of which has taken a long time, are: France, 12 per cent; Germany, 75 per cent; Great Britain 13 per cent. As in other international cartels, the home markets are reserved; and in addition there is an agreement to purchase from other members such dyestuffs as are not made nationally. The exchange of process information is also provided for between France and Germany, but in this England does not agree. It is also stipulated that colonies and protectorates are to be regarded as export markets. England thus yields a very important point. Price methods form a most delicate subject, and no plan as yet has any offical confirmation. If the experience of other cartels is a guide, there will (Gentinued on Fifth Page.) NATIONALISM BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. | HILE there is superficial ‘ N ’ justification for the general Slav events the further spread of the principle of dictatorship at the expense of democ- the system of democracy, but of self- determination, which has proved inade- quate. there has never been any considerable amount of it anywhere in the Balkans, but there has been an almost incalcu- where in the world have fractions of one people striven with greater deter- mination or at greater cost to the world pendence and unity. But while the Croats, the Slovenians and the Serbs, as long as they were ish a vast illusion of common racial sympathy, based upon common hatred of the Austrian and the Magyar, self- freedom and unity for many months before they began to hate each other. | The old joke of the American Pilgrims then upon the Indians” has been dupli- cated by the Southern Slavs. They first attacked their oppressors and then Reason for Quarrel Simple. ‘The reason for the quarreling between the various fractions of the Southern | numerically as well as militarily, name- {ly. the Serbs, are the least civilized. ‘While they have played a noble role in ithe Turks through long centuries and confronting the Hapsburg monarchy with equal courage in later years, they primitive beyond exaggeration. If the City of New York, for ex- ample, had been subject to an alien by the gallantry of Western cowboys, in the days when the old frontier still existed, something of the Balkan situa- if the liberators had undertaken to con- duct New York City in accordance with cowbdys’ ideas and practices, one would in_Southern Slavdom. By contrast with the Serbs, the Croats and Slovenians have lived for long archy. They have adopted the cus- toms and methods of Western Europe, the manners of living, the system of urably true even of the Serbs of Bosnia, who came under Austrian administra- tion nearly half a century ago. on the other hand, continued to live the primitive life, which had antedated the Turkish invasion. The mass of the customs were those of the Middle Ages, their methods of doing business were equally ancient, and their political double vices of corruption and of vio- lence. Magnificent as fighters, the Serbs were and remain totally ignorant First Broke Turkish Yoke. ‘Thanks to their capacity as fighters, the Serbs first freed the old Serbian Macedonia from Bulgaria and finally, in the World War, precipitated by the murders of Serajevo, liberated all the burgs and brought about their union in Jugoslavia. What Sardinia did for Italy Serbia achieved for the Slavs. ren, the Serbs undertook to rule them. And in practice that meant the control of civilized and progressive elements by Serbians were fighters and farmers, but the Croats and Slovenians were men of affairs, in the modern sense. To see ance with ideas which were at best obsolete with the collapse of the Turk was naturally intolerable. tendency to see in Southern racy, the actual fact is that it is not As far as democracy is concerned, lable amount of racial nationalism. No- and to themselves, to arrive at inde- forcibly separated, were able to cher- determination had not ‘procured them who “first fell upon their knees and each other. Slavs is simple. The stronger fraction, all history, struggling gallantly against have continued to live under conditions country and had been suddenly freed tion Would have been reproduced. Then have a parallel for the Serb supremacy centuries within the Hapsburg mon- | doing business. And this is also meas- The Serb of Serbia and Montenegro, population lived on small farms, their morals were poisoned fatally by the of all Western method and manners. state from Turkish rule, snatched Southern Slav subjects of the Haps- But having freed their race breth- backward and primitive fractions. The their national business run in accord- And the Croats, who have a proud that is most progressive and educated in the Jugoslav state, naturally under- took at once to resist a domination conducted from Belgrade, which treated Croatia as a conquered province. The Croats do not want independence. They recognize the futility of cutting loose from the Southern Slav kingdom and thus exposing themselves on one side to the Italian dangers and on the other to Hungarian reconquest. Classic Derivatives BY RALPH V. D. MAGOFFIN, Ph. D.. LLD. P: . ment of Giassics, New Fore Ontversr” It has become somewhat banal to speak of the classics as dead. They cannot die until we stop talking and g0 back to the sign language of the Tasmanian or the bushman. Nearly 75 per cent of all the words we use in conversation are derived either from Latin or Greek; more than 60 per cent are Latin and about 12 per cent are Greek. Perhaps the most humiliated man I ever knew of was a scientist who knew no classics and who, perhaps for that very reason, conceived a sort of blind antagonism to them. Before an audi- ence upon one occasion he waxed mm] eloguently upon the futility, the lack of necessity and the general foolishness of using English words that were de- tradition and certainly represent all| TERMED BALKAN STRIFE CAUSE Racial Problems, With Antiquated Po- litical Ideas of Serbs, Held Reasons for Constant Turmoil. But they are seeking some form of na~ tional existence which will enablé toem to conduct their own local affaife. Wrongs Not All on One Ssa It would be a mistake to thit$ that all the wrongs are on one sie If Serbian control has been stupi and brutal, Croatian resistance has been foolish and futile. Unhappily, last year the dispute came to a climax when a Montenegrin Serb in the Parllament proceeded systematically to shoot-up all the conspicuous figures in the Croat party. This was, after all, a simple and traditional custom, which excited little astonishment in Serbia, but in= evitably produced an explosion in Croatia. To the Serb it is natural to shoot your opponent. That was what was to be expected, and the expected happened. The same process had been employed against the archduke in Serajevo and against the Serb King and Queen & few years before, when both were sus- pected of Austrian leanings. The idea that there was anything unusual in pistoling the opposition on the floor of Parliament seemed and seems to the Serb prqof of the effeminacy and weakness of the Croats. But the Croat has been affected by western notions of democracy. And the assassination of Raditch and his associates proved the last straw. Today the Croat delegation stays at home in Zagreb and continues to demand autonomy. Now it remains to be seen if the King can compose the quarrel. He is equally popular among Croat and Serbs, and both tribes are eager to preserve the new Jugoslav state. Croatia itself could not possibly exist as an inde- pendent country. Moreover, Jugoslavia, despite its factional divisions is about the only one of the succession states which has no racial minorities. It has all the elements necessary to enable it to become a prosperous and power= ful country. On the other hand, while the vast mass of the people are Slav, they are separated by every conceivable differ- ence which could divide relatives. The population is Roman Catholic, Greek Catholic and Mohammedan. Differences Must Be Overceme. The real question is whether these Southern Slavs, unquestionably de- scended from the same raiding tribes- men who rode into these regions when ;!:o:eel lv;l:s coua;z;lng‘hl lwho have the uage and, while rated political rules, long chen.sh::p:ht drunw of unity after liberty, can overcome the consequences of these centuries of dif- ferent political experience. Nor is this situation pecdliar to Jugoslavia. On the contrary, the same circumstances explain the recent polit- ical revolution in Rumania, which has brought a Maniu ministry to power. Here, as in Jugoslavia, the Rumanians of the prewar kingdom are to an in- credible degree bound by old and evil traditions and methods, the consequence of long centuries of subjection to the Turk. To the old Rumania the new owes its_existence and unity, but for the new Rumania the system of the old is intolerable. Now in Rumania the new elements have seized control, but in Jugoslavia the task is more difficult, for the old elements constitute the eflg{mri.h conltrol the army and rightly oy the glory of the Serb nc;loevement, o & i mething of the same situatio also to be discovered in Poland. F:r‘: century and a half the Polish people were subjected to three different rules, German, Austrian and Russian. But it is the Russian Poles, the most numerous faction, which have seized control of the Polish state. Pilsudski Tepresents ideas and conceptions which are almost as far removed from mod- ern realities as those of the Serbs. And when Pilsudski seized power by his famous May revolution of 1926 actual civil war was only avoided by a hair's breadth, for the Prussian Poles set out :c;rr xm:‘;'r.-ht on Wx:;uw and very nearly ve 0 restore Pr;fl:ent. the overthrown udski remains a sixteenth cent: figure, and only his great Pprestige, m to the fact he is in himself a perfect expression of the romantic story of Poland, prevents present clash. Thus, in fact, while self-determination has been applied pretty generally over Europe, as a consequence of the Dpeace treaties, up to the present time one is forced to recognize that it has rather | substituted a new for an old evil than insured general peace and Pprosperity. (Copyright. 1929.) Now Comprise Three-Fourths of Our Language the power of God (Theos); aristocra- cles, the power of the best; plutocracies, the power of the rich; democracies, the power of the people; or monarchy— “archy” being a Greek word for rule— the rule of one (Monos); oligarchy. the rule of a few; anarchy, the absence of all rule; there in a few words lie im« bedded the history of the beginnings of nearly all the kinds of government we know. And back of the governments are the social customs and usages on which governments are set up. In fact, the striking similarities between the daily thought, word and deed of the ancient Greek or Roman and ours of the pres- ent day are so many and so close that it is possible to say without fear of suc- cessful contradiction that we are more nearly the heirs of the Greek and Ro- man civilization, that we are more near- ly like those ancient Greeks and Ro- rived from foreign ones, especially Latin. He closed his tirade with his | most telling sentence. It was this: “Avoid Latin derivatives. Use terse, idiomatic, virile, incisive English.” At the reception later the speaker, finding himself among a number of important persons, decided to have some sport with a Latin professor who was in the group. “Well, professor, I imag- ine T scored a hit on you classical men with that last sentence of mine.” “You certainly hit the mark,” replied the pro- fessor dryly, “but I should call it a boomerang rather than a bull's-eye. Of the nine words in your remarkable sen- tence, one, and only one, is possibly Anglo-Saxon, one is a Greek derivative and seven are Latin derivatives.” A story that went the rounds a few months ago shows how much better a position the butt of the story would have had if she had known even a little Latin. “What do you think of So- and-So?” was asked, to which she re- plied, “I hardly know yet, but I'm sure she is too loquacious.” “Yes, indeed she is,” came the reply, “and, besides that, she talks too much.’ The classics are much alive becaus® mans, than we are like any oth :eu:(:l‘e them or beiween '}Itir :1;1126?!’!1; May we then not say that the efassi live when in them we find r:mlndef: and influences and similarities in our own civilization whch are derived S0 clearl; o 1:53‘: and s0 unquestionably from Auto Demantl Growing In French Morocco Road building and other pub! - ects in French Morocco umweml:hm- ing their practicality more. than ever by the increased demand for motor ve- hicles. Figures regarding the quantity of automobiles and motor trucks sold in that French possession in 1928 are not yet available. but they are expect- ed to show a lary o -y ge excess over the During the latter autos o the number of 1950, vah at $15,000,000, were im - - they are the source of almost all our social ideas and our political thought. Theocracies—"‘ocracies” being a Greek meaning ltrmsh or power——or A d b Morocco. Of these, 274 c:mn‘eml';eom thz United States, representing a cost of $235,000. In tion, 331 American auto chassis costing $138,000 out of 621 worth $360,000 entered the countzg,