Evening Star Newspaper, November 7, 1928, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY . . November 7, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company usiness Office: t. and Pennsylvania Ave. ice: 110 East 4ind St. Office: Tower Building. Ofice. 14 Regent st.. London. Rate by Carrier Within the City. 3 ... 45c per month The Eveni: uin ar (when 4 Sundays) .. .. 60cper month Tre Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundavs 85¢ per month The Sunday Star .. .. 5¢ per copy Collection made at t t) of cach monf Orders may be sent In by mail or telephone Main 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 1 vr.$1000: 1 mo.. 1 mo.! 85¢ 50¢ 0c All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday..1 yr., $12.00: 1 nio. $1.00 Daily only . 1yr, 8 1m Sunday only .1l ¥l ¥ 1 mo. 50c Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Assoclated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all . ews dis- atches credited to It or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the .ocal -ews published herein. All richts of publication special dispatches herein also reserved. —_——— The Republican Triumph. Herbert Hoover's election as Presi- dent of the United States is by a ma- jority so large, in point of both popular and electoral votes, as to constitute one of the most striking phenomena in American politics. The result was not unexpected, but the magnitude of the victory surpasses even the most enthu- siastic claims of partisans. So sweeping is the Republican triumph, so complete the Democratic defeat, that the mind showed a Hoover preponderance early and maintained it to the end of the count. carry the State. As time went on, how- ever, it became more and more evident that the ity majority for Smith would be less than half a million and that the up-State majority for Hoover would approach and perhaps pass that figure. Finally the calculations showed that the Hoover rate of gain up-State was great enough, if continued to cover the re- maining voting precincts yet unreport- ed, to overcome the Smith margin in the city. The “concession” of the State to Hoover by Gov. Smith's leading news- paper supporter was promptly made and sounded the death knell to his aspiration, inasmuch as without the electoral vote of New York he could not win. X Meanwhile from Texas came reports that greatly puzzled and interested those who were watching and analyzing the returns. With each additional group of newly reposting precincts the figures ran “neck and neck,” sometimes with but a few votes' difference between the nomenon of an “eyelash finish” in the Lone Star State, where Democratic ma- jorities have for years run into the hundreds of thousands, served to stim- ulate a keen interest in the returns long after the major result was assured. In other States of the South the same showing of closeness, unexpected and significant, was made. Virginia proved to be a “horse race.” North Carolina, after a reduced but sufficient Demo- cretic margin maintained for some hours, finally turned Republican. Flor- ida, with small Republican gains, For all that the election was so one- Smith and Hoover totals. This pha-I sided in its final showing, the returns from the ballot boxes made most inter- esting reading during a night that will long be remembered for its political sig- nificance. leaps to the thought of the future of those two parties, rather than to thc character of the next administration of the national affairs. Viewed politically, the election is revolutionary. The hitherto “solid” South has been broken, three, and per- haps four, of the States of that region that have heretofore stood unfailingly in support of the Democratic party en- tering the Republican electoral column, while in others the Democratic majori- ties have been greatly reduced. The im- plications of this departure are mani- fest. This breach in long-maintained solidarity of partisanship may signify reorganization, with a more wholesome political condition resulting in the area of previous one-party dominion. No single State in the “farm belt” supported the Democratic candidate, an indication that the tendency toward in- dependent progressivism in that region has been checked. There is no basis for e The President-Elect. In the election of Herbert Hoover as President of the United States the coun- try has made a wise choice. It has given the mandate of the highest office to one who by experience and tempera- ment and by character is exceptionally fitted for this great assignment. In the campaign that has just closed with the most sweeping victory which any party ever won in the history of American politics, the qualifications of Mr. Hoover have been sharply dis- cussed, but not in fact challenged by his opponents. His performances in public life have been brought vividly to national, view and consideration by his advocates in a manner to demonstrate — THE EV:FN’INh STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1928. Poincare cabinet could not impose these propositions on the premier they were under party orders to leave the cabinet. They failed to prevail, and they took the consequences. M. Poincare has accomplished little short of a miracle in rehabilitating French finances. He proved amid fiscal chaos at Paris a genuine tower of strength. His unrelenting attitude to- ward Germany and German reparations has been popular with the country. French cabinet machinations and poli- tics are so kaleidoscopic that it would be perilous to predict that M. Poincare career. — -t A Merited Sentence. “In the sentencing of George Denker, former Holland Tunnel patrolman, to serve an indeterminate term of six months to three years in the peniten- tiary for brutality to a motorist charged with a trivial traffic violation, the State of New York has done the country at large a service. James Barnard, a sta- tionary engineer, was driving through the new vehicular tunnel under the Hudson River some months ago when he was forced out of the narrow traffic lane by the stopping of the car in front of him. Testimony offered in court showed that he was hailed by Denker and served with a summons, but that when he protested at the charge he was set upon by the policeman and badiy beaten up. The charge against the motorist was dismissed in court the next day, where he appeared with both jaws fractured and a badly bruised head, while Denker and another patrolmaa were held for the grand jury. On Tues- day last Denker was convicted, and by his conviction the State of New York officially served notice to its citizens that it will not tolerate police brutality. ‘While this was a particularly flagrant case, every large community at one time or another has probably been the scene of a modified version of the tunnel af- fair, when policemen have either ac- tually struck reputable citizens or have been so insolent in their manner that a fight has ensued. The Denker case, which was an open-and-shut one, un- doubtedly will serve as an object lesson to the police not only of the Holland Tube, ‘but of all New York. It seems a shame that similar object lessons can- not be given at intervals throughout the entire country to remind that type of policeman in a forcible way that his duty is to protect the public and not to assault it. — e Mr. Curtis announced that he was going to bed early and did not wish to be disturbed. A man who expects to that he has during the past fourteen the organization of a third party now years of public duty shown exceptional remaining in the discontent of the ele- ments once strongly Republican, but of | capacity for dealing with large affairs. recent years somewhat wavering in par- As director of the Belgian relief work, tisan allegiance on the score of eco- |8 food administrator for the United nomic issues. States after its entry into the war and In the North and East there are no | 8 Secretary of Commerce during two changes of note, save in Massachusetts administrations Mr. Hoover has proved and Rhode Island, where Democratic | the possession of a remarkable degree margins have apparently been gained, of administrative efficiency. He has small, but perhaps sufficient to break shown himself to be a sound judge of the Republican “solidarity” of that area. | men. He has inspired loyalty and co- These two instances are due to peculiar | operation among all with whom he has causes, not necessarily identified with [ Worked. the issues of the campaign. In the campaign Mr. Hoover has In The Democratic party will, of course, | his speeches shown a deep insight into survive this crushing defeat. It will re- | questions of concern to the people, eco- main, for the present at least, the cor- [nomic, fiscal, international, political and rective factor in American politics. It |social. His treatment of the issues of has during the past sixty-eight years held | the campaign in the course of these the national administration only during | Public addresses has demonstrated a sixteen years, and it has now been again | balanced mind, a sound judgment and defeated, to lengthen the period of Re- [ an equitable spirit. All of these quali- publican administration to Afty-six | ties will make for a successful admin- years. It cannot, will not, succumb to | istration of the Nation's affairs. this repeated misfortune. It has a part | The election of this man to be Presi- to play in the political equation of the | dent of the United States is only the country. Through reorganization it may | latest instance of the success of merit revise its course. It must, however dif- [in public affairs in this country. He ficult the task, carry on to the end. has been the engineer of his own for- Upon the Republican party, thus in- | tunes. By his own qualifications he has dorsed by a vote never before equaled, | made his way from youth to successive rests a responsibility the heavier be-|achievements of high merit and world cause of this very triumph. To its can- | renown. He will enter the White House didate for the presidency it owes the next March as well fitted to discharge major part of its success. It has now | the difficult task that awaits him there before it the duty of fulfilling the prom- | as any other man for whom the Ameri- 1ses made in his name and of carrying | can people have ever given their suf- out in action the policies that have been | frage. thus indorsed by a phenomenal vote. Never before in the history of man- Candidates may drift from attentior, kind have forty million people on & sin- | but the strictly neutral radio announcer gle day expressed themselves regarding | remains as popular as ever. the personnel of their immediate gov- ernment. This great referendum, un- equaled in point of numbers participat- ing, and in point as well of the de- cisiveness of the result, is a renewed demonstration of the capacity of the American people for self-government. It is a victory for the American ideal. —r———————— California has made & showing in American political affairs that recalls to respectful attention Horace Greeley's advice to the young man to go West. ———————— Millions of Votes. —a————— In politics as well as in aviation many a brilliant hop-off results only in a tall spin. . M. Poincare’s Fall. The Poincare cabinet, which has ruled France since the celebrated “franc crisis” early in 1926, has gone the way of so many Parisian governments and has fallen, Disruption within the ranks of M. Poincare's “National Union” cabinet ensued upon the resignation of its four Socialist members. As the pre- mier had previously declared his deter- Although full figures will not be avail- | mination to bring about the retirement able for some time, there is reason to | of the entire government, in case any of believe that the 40,000,000 mark Was| jts constituent members laid down their reached in yesterday’s balloting. TBIS| portfolios, M. Poincare acted accord- is an unprecedented total. It exceeds|ingly. by 11,000,000 the record-breaking vote| The French Radical Socialists—Messrs. of 1924. It is only about 3,000,000 less | Edouard Herriot, Albert Sarraut, Henri than the total registration. Even if | Queuille and Leon Perrier—were re- the final tabulation of the returns shows a total lower than 40,000,000, it is assured that this election of 1928 will set the mark of highest public response to the injunction put upon the people to express themselves at the polls. ‘With so great a volume of votes cast, the results in general were known at a remarkably early hour last night. This was partly due to the fact that in many more places than ever before the voting machines were in use, permit- ting the almost immediate counting and tabulation of the votes. It was due also to the fact that the new lines of cleavage had established certain for- mulas of computation that were sat- isfled by the returns from the States which were most prompt in making in- dicative reports. Some strange phenomena occurred, however. One was that presented by New York State, with its strikingly di- vergent preponderance of Republican votes in the upper portion and of Dem- ocratic votes in the city. On the ear- liest showings it appeared that Gov. Smith had a very heavy majority “be- low the Bronx"—a m-jor", that would perhaps rise to half a miujon. At that time no clear indication was given of the size of the Hoover majority up- quired by the dictates of their recent party congress at Angers to leave the Poincare ship. It became a sinking ship in consequence, and before another week is past French national destinies will be in charge of a new skipper. The dramatic collapse of M. Poin- care’s power on the Quai d'Orsay brings once again into’prominence the irre- pressible figure of M. Joseph Caillaux, for more than fifteen years the stormy petrel of French politics. Despised, dis- trusted and feared by turn, and publicly charged with traitorous conduct during the World War, M. Caillaux now turns up anew as the arbiter of affairs at Paris. It was his domination of the ex- treme Socialists at their Angers con- vention which directly paved the way to the break-up of the Poincare minis- try. It is not likely that M. Caillaux will be called to the premiership by President Doumergue. But he is bound to be a power behind whatever throne is now set up to succeed the Poincare dynasty. The particular issues on which the Radical Soclalists and the Poincare regime split revolved around domestic Prench affairs. The Caillaux party de- manded changes in the budget, reduc- tion of military appropriations, organi- zation of government employes into preside over the United States Senate must be prepared to preserve a proper has now reached the end of his political | BY CHARLES E, The cumulative effect of reading a book, especially a narrative, is some- thing which is often overlooked. Yet nothing so adds to the enjoy- ment of reading as this total mass ef- fect of thousands of words upon the mind. ‘Wherefore it would seem that reading by snatches, as so many do, is to lose | the grand eflect which any good book offers. We know a woman two months reading Ludwig's “Napole- on,” and is still only half way through it. There is a man in this town who, if he should tackle so monumental a romance as Dumas’ “Olympe de Cleves,” would be until next Spring finishing it. Some persons heroically persevere | through the Bible by reading a chap- ter a night, thus finishing it in a year or so, we have forgotten just how long. * K K ¥ who has be(‘n} It may be submitted that this way of reading is all wrong, since it loses the reader at least half of the charm of a work. Imagine going to a great movie show, seeing 100 feet of film_unrolled, going home, coming back the next night, watching the next 100 feet, and so on for a month. Any one who should see a movie plecemeal in such fashion would be regarded generally as bordering on mild insanity. Reading a book by similar short stretches is not quite so bad, it may be admitted, since often necessity forces such a program, but at the least there can be little doubt that he who reads a story as the author intended it should be read will reap the satisfaction which the writer hoped he would secure. It must never be forgotten that a book, particularly a novel, is as much of a “movie,” in the best sense, as the greatest film ever unreeled before the most brilllant audience in the largest motion picture theater in the world. Such superlatives as these fade into insignificance before the unparalleled theater of the mind which every read- ing human being owns, manages and conducts. This personal theater of the human brain is lit by God Almighty and possesses powers of picturization far beyond any of those built by hands. The love of mankind for a good story far antedates the motion picture, the electric light, the sensitive film. Homer held listeners spellbound by the power of his narrative aft. Even today the words which came down from him have power to turn time backward in its flight, and to people a 1928 room with strange helmeted figures, moving across sandy beaches under the towering walls of Ilium. The theater, the movie, are but phys- ical expressions of the inner spirit of man—that spirit which builds with the mind before mimic actors can strut across boards or appear in flitting shapes upen a silver screen. * Kk ok K The cumulative effect of reading ne- cessitates a continuous effort on the part of the reader, or as near continu- calm and take care of his nerves. ——— v Every candidate is expected to prom- ise good times. The business conditions of the Nation indicate that the success- ful competitor will be able to fulfill them. ———— An election, whatever its results may be, leaves the songsters and orchestras with much to be happy about, as they secure the benefit of enormous and ad- miring audiences. e The old-time forecaster who refused to be convinced until all the “back counties” had been heard from still has his obstinate representative in modern affairs. —_——e A voter who declares his party affilia- tions may become slightly confused when it comes to the complicated task of marking-his ballot in a private vot- ing booth. ———.— Many loyal admirers of Alfred E. Smith would not believe that the elec- tion was over until the governor made the announcement himself. ——r————————— Hard work, large sums of money and a heavy registration long ago disposed of any suspicion that “apathy” might assert itself in this campaign. ——.———————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Somewhere. Somewhere there surely is a silent spot, igh in the clouds or deep below the wave, Where orators and big brass bands are ‘not, And no one lifts a din, the land to save. Unto that spot I fain would soar or swim, Forgetful of the tumult and the cheers, Of all the tabulations, gay or grim, And lay me down to sleep for Four More Years. In No Danger. “Well,” said the gladsome patriot, “we have saved the country again!” “The country is never really in dan- ger,” said Senator Sorghum. “On ac- count of the swift pace it only g: nervous once in awhi A Loser. His vices were not many On election problems deep. He never lost a penny— But he lost a lot of sleep. Jud Tunkins says he'd enjoy election returns more if they were set to music like the rest of the program. “Keeping Company.” “Are you in favor of co-education?” “Yes” answered Miss Cayenne, “if the ‘co’ doesn‘t stand for company to the detriment of the education.” “He who seeks to agree with every- body,” said Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “must arrange, as far as possible, to speak with only one person at a time.” Big Thrill. Again for great applause we move To praise the statesman’s skill. Whatever his results may prove, He brought a mighty thrill. A Discouragement. “Are you in favor of prohibition?” “I am,” answered Uncle Bill Bottle- top. “But my example seems no good. A man who steps up to take water doesn’t seem to attract nearly as many friends as one who carries a hip flask.” ous as circumstances will admit. Take Ludwig's monumental “Na- poleon.” Written in what might be called, without disrespect, futuristic style, it is scarcely morc than a highly seasoned scenario. Its use of the pres- ent tense throughout strikes many a reader as an affectation based upon nothing more solid than a cheap at- tempt to make the story live in the mind of the reader. It is a pandering, WASHINGTON THIS AND THAT New-Type Living Cells ! Found in Human Blood‘ BY E. E. FREE, PH. D. Use of the world’s most powerful mi- croscope to unmask the mysterious “blood platelets” as living creatures, cir- culating by billions in human blood to keep men and women from bleeding to was disclosed by Mr. F. F. Lucas, | . TRACEWELL. in other words, to a generation of movie- goers. Nevertheless, it is a great work. Much of the force of this biography | death, arises from the cumulative enec?.gw)gcryl | world-famous microscopist of the Ynflkl the reader builds up in his own mind | Telcphone Laboratories of New Yor City, in an address to the Brooklyn In- stitute of Arts and Sciences on Novem- ber 1, 1028. A crop of human blood no larger than a pinhead contains five or i million of the familiar red corpuscles, %ach a living cell about one three-thou- sandth of an inch across. Blood also | oniains @& few white corpuscles, also | living ceils and responsible for protect- ing the body against germs. In addi- tion, ordinary high-powered microscopes disciose, in thin layers of blood treated With chemical regents, some _much dinier_objects about vhich scientifie something less %€ controversy has long raged. ese are 3 :h:n TR oo fhe platelots, flat bodies much smaller i than the red corpuscles. Never before Any one of the longer tomances of | have these been seen clearly enough to the great master, Alexandrd Dumas,|show what they are or even that they depends largely upon the cumulative | are alive. effect of pages of rapid-fire dialogue| Using the invisible ray of ultraviolet ot light sécording to new methods devel- The sheer mass of words makes for | oped by himself, Mr. Lucas has now mass of effect. In such a work as|peen able to photograph these mysteri- Olympe de Cleves,” a little known, but |ous piatelet cells. He has even examined very fine story (the poet Henlev called | different layers of their interior, as one It one of the greatest romances ever might lift off the piled-up layers of a written), the feeling of having been |cake. A central dark body is seen in present at actual events is secured |each platelet, like the nuclei of other partlyv through the centering of the|living cells, and it is apparent that the reader's interest in onme continuous |surfaces of the tiny platelets are naked e Shd stocky, which helps to explain If a reader insists on making 50 [how they act to stop bleeding. When- short stories out of what an author de- | ever a small hole is made in the wall of signed as one very long one, he must|an artery or vein these platelets gather necessarily miss something which he | by millions, physiologists have observed, will secure who reads continuously to | and seem to stick fast to the edges of the the end. The fine glow which a freat |rent like animated sandbags trying to tale puts one into is something that can | close & hole in a dike. It is the naked. be achieved in no other way. sticky surfaces of these tiny cells dis- ‘There is more sense in reading the | closed by Mr. Lucas’ photographs which Bible disjointedly, since such perusal [mak> them so suitable, he believes, for may be taken as a ‘strictly religious duty. | this vital duty of gluing themselves and One may question such a method, how- | any bystanding red corpuscles into the ever, from the standpoint of literature. | proiective blanket that stops the bleed- with the aid offered him by Emil Lud- wig. He gots a moving picture of the life of this great man such as perhaps no other single volume gives. He gets it, however, only if he reads it as rap- idly as possible. Then the tragedy that was Napoleon stands out in glory, etched with pity. If one is forced, time after time, to bogin again on the story, each time mentally going back to catch up the loose threads, he necessarily loses the continuity, along with the total effert. Napoleon, to such a reader, will be The Scriptures are great literature as well as great religion. To possess the grand harmony of the gospels in their sublime light, it is necessary, many feel, to catch the true glory of the “old, old story.” There is plot and plan here, too, :l:lsf;sor;g he Wh‘t)i reads intently, who e narrative as a whole, 1 be able to understand. e * koK R One may believe that the Public Library does the average reader a good service in placing a time limit on every book it allows to be taken out. By thus limiting the reader to a cer- tain number of days, the library in- sures that he will, whether or no, get the picture which the book offers in its entirety. The very fact that the borrower knows that scores of other persons are waiting to read the book exerts an un- seen gressure upon his mind, and makes him hurry up and finish it, thus bene- fiting not only those others, but also himself. The late Theodore Roosevelt was perhaps the most omnivorous reader who ever lived. He read like a whirl- wind, too, and in so doing took full advantage of the good things which such reading brings to the reader. The cumulative effect of a good book is, after all, the very one which the writer thereof most_desired to bestow upon his readers. He wanted them to live the story as he, the writer, had lived it. ‘He secured continuity because, although he necessarily wrote in snatches, he had his “big idea” in mind all the time. The only way a reader can get the same idea is to secure for him- self the cumulative effect by intensive reading. OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. When the sidewalks of New York went back on their legendary hero, Al Smith’s doom was sealed. Till it was certain they had failed him, the gover- nor's chances always flickered with a flame of possibility. When it became apparent, as election night proceeded upon its relentless way, that neither the East Side nor the West Side nor any- where else around the town was rolling up Smith’s anticipated New York City majority, his fate was no longer in doubt. For the Democratic candidate, it was a case of “as goes New York, so goes the Nation.” New York was lost, and so was Smith, Whatever else he failed to win was only piling up the dimensions of his disaster. The Re- publican torpedo which sank him with- out trace was New York State. The entire Smith campaign—even and espe- cially his fight for the Democratic nom- ination—was pivoted upon his ability to take New York into the electoral column. To have been defeated here is, beyond the shadow of a doubt, the bitterest pill Gov. Smith has to swallow. Unques- tionably it removes him from further consideration as a national Democratic figure. * ok K K It is this observer's !ud%ment that it was “the three P's” which mainly en- compassed Smith’s overthrow—Prohibi- tion, Prejudice and Prosperity. The ignoblest of the trio, as well as the probably most potent factor, was prejudice. Certainly it was principally responsible for the outstandingly his- toric aspect of the 1928 election—the first breach in the Democratic wall know as the solid South. In Dixie re- liglous prejudice was masked beneath the prohibition issue, but it was the candid judgment of all political ob- servers that Smith was fought in States like Virginia, North Carolina and Flor- ida preponderantly on grounds of Ro- man Catholicism. Everywhere below Mason and Dixon's line, the governor faced the triple handicap of his creed, his wetness and his Tammanyism. It was a terrific combination to overcome, and the results in at least three South- ern States are here today to show that it was insurmountable. I His victorious foes are certain to be among the first to concede that Gov. Smith waged a brave, a frank and a persuasive campaign. Whatever may have been done in his name or the Democratic party’s name, Smith him- self never departed from the finest American political traditions. One thing will have to be said of him: He never pretended. He essayed no new Al Smith in presenting himself to the people. He went to them his plain, homespun, ungrammatical, East Side self. He offered his record as governor as his main qualification for the presi- dency. He plainly expected that rec- ommendation to serve as a guarantee for his capacity to tackle certain na- tional and international issues, regard- ing which he revealed somewhat inade- quate knowledge. Smith, entered the lists against Herbert Hoover with a dis- advantage not hitherto mentioned in these reflections. That is the fact that the New Yorker was not, like his oppo- nent, & nationally advertised product. To the overwhelming majority of his countrymen, Alfred E. Smith, prior to Houston, was merely a name. to spend the whole Summer and Fall converting himself into a character of presidential stature. * K K K Hoover becomes the thirtieth Presi- dent of the United States under a variety of circumstances which will en- shrine him in the Hall of Fame, no mat- ter what the next four—or eight—years may have in store for him. His suc- cessful invasion of the solid South would alone_assure him political im- mortality. He’s done ‘something no other Republican before him ever ac- complished — he, the aspirant for his party’s nomination eight years ago, whom G. O. P. bosses storned as a rank outsider. The Californian’s other He had | P let of the electorate for local, State or national office. * ok K The President-elect is expected to be the most non-political chief executive ever sent to that exalted office. His in- clinations, at least, will all be in that direction. Hoover found himself com- pelled to resort to politics, politicians and political methods to gain Bgth nom- ination and election, but they and all their works are notoriously repug- nant to him, As an engineer, the Presi- dent-elect will not fail to realize the necessity of working wih the which the rules of the game provide him. He will have to work, for in- stance, with party leaders in con- nection with the all-important ques- tion of patronage—the bane of a President’s existence. He will have to work, primarily, with Congress if ad- ministration programs are to become anything but scraps of papef. Dis- tasteful as the mechanics of hack poli~ tics are to him, Hoover has learned (and unlearned) a lot of things since his presidential - ambitions crystallized eight years ago. The strong probabiliz | ty is that he will not be in the White House very long before he masters the tedious art of managing men as he mastered it at succeeding stages of the dramatic struggle which has now led him to the heights. * * K K x Hoover cabinet-builders will now be to the front, If Charles Evans Hughes had not so unequivocally renounced a further career in public life, no one else would be in the running with him for the secretaryship of state. Borah could undoubtedly have the Hoover premier- shtp, if the Idahoan weren't more enamored of his present job as chair- man of the Senate foreign relations committee. There's general agreement that Hughes and Borah did more than any other two men, and vastly more than all other Hoover stumpers com- bined, to clinch the Californian’s vic- tory. Mellon can unquestionably re- main at the Treasury under President Hoover, if the Pittsburgher cares to do so. Wilbur, Secretary of the Navy, en- tered the Coolidge cabinet at Hoover’s suggestion. - They are great friends and Wilbur would not be displaced except at his own insistance. He’s said to pre- fer a Federal judgeship. The bench is his profession. (Copyright, 1928.)" UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. German grand headquarters today re- quested allied grand headquarters by wireless to permit the passage of the German delegation for armistice nego- tiations through the lines. Orders were given to cease firing on this front at 3 o'clock this afternoon until further no- tice. * * * A false peace report rouses the whole country as a news gathering association perpetuates a colossal news fake of the signing of the armistice. Secretary Lansing quickly denies the re- ort. * ¢ First American Army drives the last remaining Germans out of Sedan and all but completely bottles up the German forces. Our men have thus achieved one of the most brilliant victories of the war, and certainly the maost important offensive victory. * * * American _troops set such a whirlwind ing and allows the blood to clot. r—ae Foreign Criticism Of Americans Deplored From the Chicago Daily News. Just now, for some reason, there is a renewal in Europe of the discussion of the character of Americans. One dis- tinguished British captain of industry says in a speech that Americans are seifish, aggressive, unscrupulous and not to be trusted. A reviewer in a leading libsral weekly of London tells of the | astonishing “infantiligm” of the Ameri- can people. And a ‘British writer of philosophy and ethics, in an article con- tributed to the Forum, draws a formi- dable indictment against Americans. According to this apostle of interna- tional amity, Americans are like a flock 1of sheep, because they hate originality and demand strict conformity to a single conventional standard. ~Also, Americans surpass even the British in hypocrisy, professing to be vastly superior to old ‘World peoples, yet acting no better than the alleged inferiors. Further, Ameri- cans prize only material things, have no interest in spiritual and artistic values, do not know how to live and destroy beauty everywhere by their mania for speed, comfort and mechanical effi- ciency. They are bad-tempered and bully the weaker nations. - They have no conception of reciprocity or fair play. If a philosopher and ethicist believes all this, what is one to expect of the average Englishman’s or Frenchman's estimate of Americans? And how are friendly relations to be maintained or built up on a basis of such beliefs and such mental images? Is it not the duty of intelligent persons of every land to avold absurd, prejudiced generalizations and to endeavor to undersiand men and women of other nations? ‘American_writers of certain cynical { A. and self-styled superintellectual schools are not without responsibility for Old World caricatures of Americans. These supercilious critics are shallow and pro- vi m"“’ but-Burepe takes -t seri- ously. sy Poe’s “Tamerlane” Is Sold for $20,000 Frem the Baltimore Sun. f In Boston one of six known copies of the first edition of Poe’s “Tamerlane” has been sold for $20,000. The price is said to be a record for an American first edition. Poe has moved up a notch in the salesrooms. Like all such things, this sale must make any one in- terested books wonder about its meaning. “Tamerlane,” of course, was cne of the first of Poe’s poems, and this volume was his first_published book. It was ublished in Boston just 101 years ago. t appeared at the moment when he was beginning his strange sojourn in the Army, to be continued briefly at West Point. It appeared while he stood poised upon the edge of future pov- erty, illness and tragic suffering. It was the book of a young man darkly “dreaming of things to come.” It could not in its time have had a large sale. It certainly did not bring to Poe any sum of money that could be even re- motely compared to $20,000. Indeed, that first volume today fetches more than Poe ever could make for all his greatness—and because it is a “perfect copy, clean and unsoiled” and so very rare. It is a very amusing thing to fix high prices upon the per- fect copies of the first editions of poems by a true poet. But it is also a deeply ironic thing, in spite of its irony being of a stock and common sort: On the one hand, there was the rare genius of Poe, wretched, impoverished, suruggling against so much that was not “perfect” or “unsoiled,” never being “bought.” this rare lttle book of his, “perfect,” “clean,” being sold for just $20,000, to lie stupidly in a private library. This world has two ways of dealing with, and in, poets. o Gilbert Siruggling On Reparations Issue From the Brooklyn Dally Eagle. Both Germany and America must consider very carefully the possible po- litical and financial effect of a repara- tions settlement which obliges Germany to pay the allles what they owe us. France, Britain, Italy and Belgium would welcome such an arrangement. It would adjust their huge financial burden and would leave the United States investor to suffer the loss if Ger- many should find herself unable to bear such a staggering load. In Germany there has been a change of sentiment about the reparations set- tlement. The leaders of German gglm- cal and financial thought are gin- ning to believe that the transfer safe- guards of the Dawes plan are worth more than any final settlement suffi- ciently favorable to France to win ap- proval from the intransigeant Polncare. They do not believe that France is will- ing to fix a reparations total which tk can afford to accept. S. Parker Gilbert, agent general for reparations, is keenly aware that the prospects for a_prompt settlement are not good. He has just had interviews with Premier Baldwin and Chancellor of the Exchequer Churchill, and is now pace in their advance as to break all communications with the rear. * * * The horrors of Napoleon’s retreat from Russia were trifling compared with the suffering of the Austrian troops on the Italian front. Many are dying from starvation, some even eating dead struggling with Premier Poincare. He has persuaded them to create a com- mittee of experts, with unofficial Ameri- can representation, to work out a settle- ment. While this country must recognize sooner or later that debts and repara- tions are related, our refusal to relate Did you ever write a letter to Frederic J. Haskin? You can ask him any ques- tion of fact and get the answer in a personal letter. Here is a great educa- tional idea introduced into the lives of the most intelligent people in ths world—American newspaper readers. It is a part of that best purpose of a news- paper—service. There is no charge except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Address Frederic J. Haskin, director, Th» Evening Star Information Bureau, Washington, D. C. Q. How can major leagues draft base ball piayers in the minor leagues?— P. C ‘The minor leagues have an agree- ment with the major leagues that any players who have not been bought out- right may be drafted by the major leagues. Drafting is a request by the major league managers for players in the minor leagues—the minor leagues having previously agreed to honor this request. Q. Did the recent treaty with China change the part that the United States has had in administering the Chinese maritime customs?—A. G. A. When the treaty goes into effect China will be given complece customs autonemy. Employes in the Chinese maritime customs are employes of the Chinese government and not of the United States Government. @ How did it happen that the Amer- {;ar} p;nple built a library in Louvain?— A, The restoration of the University of Louvain was brought about by the various nations of the allies.. To thy United States fell the privilege of re- building the library. The University of Louvain was founded more than ti centuries before Harvard. At the time of its destruction the library contained but a quarter gf a million volumes, but these works had been accumulating for five centuries. The site of th> pres- ent library is the finest in all Louvain, occupying one entire side of the Place du Peuple. The architect was Whitney Warren, who was chosen by an inter- national committee. The corner stone was laid by Nicholas Murray Butler. Q. Who was the third of the famous friends, Thomas Edison, Henry-Ford and one other>—T. J. M. A. The third was John Burroughs, who is now dead. Q. What is the origin of the name of the City of Hamtramck?—M. H. P. A. The City of Hamtramck was named for Col. John Francis Ham- 1757, and served in the Revolution. He died at Detroit on April 11, 1803, Q. What is the Honor Socleties Con- ference?—L. B. C. A. At a meeting of representatives of college honor societies held in Kan- sas City, Mo, in 1925 an executive com- mittee was appointed to select from a large number of so-called honor so- | cleties in American colleges those justly | entit®d to membership in the Honor Societies Conference. The members reached the conclusion that the initial members of the conference should be Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, Phi Kap- pa Phi, Sigma Xi, the Order of ti Coif and Alpha Omega Alpha. Q decline in the United States?—M. M. A. States is declining, consumption in 1914 was 7,174,191,944; in 1927 it was 6,891,147,481. Mean- while there has been a considerable in- creasg in population. ‘What is the meaning of P. O. J. relative to sugar cane in Louisiana?— . C. R. A. The initials P. O. J. stand for Proefstation Oost Java, the earlier name of the planters’ experiment station at Pasoeroean, Java. All sugar cane seed- ignated by those initials. Depart- ment of Agriculture has obtained cut- tings of practically all of these seedlings which from their parentage, disease re- sistance and general characteristics ap- ?ear to have commercial possibilities or Louisiana. people in the world—A. D. today: Nah-Wee-Num-Nah-Shuk, American Indian, 118 years old; Mme. Canada, 108 years old. ] Q. What causes a dimple?—H. O. C. dent in the surface of the hyman body, caused by the adherence of the skin to the deeper tissues, most frequently on the cheek or chin. . Q. Does a fish have a heart?—R. F. A. In lowest fishlike forms the heart is reduced to a simple pulsating tube. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS tramek. who was born in Canada in|; Is the smoking of cigars on the Cigar smoking in the United but slowly. The lings developed by this sht%o‘: are des-. Q. Please name some of the oldest A. Such records are not kept, and re- ports of existence of longevity are not always reliable. The following are some of the oldest people living in the world an Cosyris of Greece, Zaro Aga, & Turk, 146 years old, and Mr. Charles Quick of A. A dimple is a slight depression or —auricle, ventricle and the thickencd part of the lafge artery. Q 1Is there a farm in_connection with the Atlanta Penitentiary?—F. C. A. A farm is owned by the Federal Penitentiary at Atlanta, Ga. It contains 2500 acres, and the prisoners are able to raise vegetables and other crops for the use of the institution. Q. Do children often have cancer’ —C. 8. A. Cancer and diabetes are diseascs practically unknown among children. Q. What are the boundaries of Chevy Chase, D. C.2—C. M. H. A. The boundaries are as follows Harrison street on the south, Districi Line on the north, Nebraska avenuc on the east and Belt road on the west. | Q@ Why does a small vertical stream break into spherical drops?—A. F. G. A. When a lquid flows out of a vessel through a circular opening in the bottom of the vessel, the form of the stream is at first nearly cylindsical though its diameter gradually dunin- ishes from the orifice downward on count of the increasing velocity of the liquid. But the liquid after it leaves the vessel is subject to no forces ex- cept gravity, the pressure of the air and its own surface-tension. Of these, gravity has no effect on the form of the stream except in drawing asunder its parts in a vertical direction, because the lower parts are moving faster than the upper parts. The resistance of the air produces little disturbance until the velocity becomes very great. But the surface-tension, acting on a cylin- dric column of liquid whose length ex- ceeds the limit of stability, begins to | produce enlargements and contractions in the stream as soon as the liquid has left the orifice, and these inequalities in the figure of the column go on in- creasing till it is broken up into elon- gated fragments. These fragments, &s they are falling through the air, con- tinue to be acted on by surface-tension. They therefore shorten themselves, and, after a series of oscillations in which they become alternately elongated and flattened, settle down into the form of spherical drops. Q. Is the decoration sometimes used on hats and caps called a “pompom” or “pompon?"—T. C. A. This decoration is a pompon. l:mpom is a dance of the Yakima In- iaps. Q. Will a piano really deteriorate if g:thu;ed at least twice a year?— A. Piano authorities say that it is true that a piano really does deteriorate in tone if it is not tuned at least twice a year. They say it should be tuned from two to four times a year, prefer- ably four times. Q. Where is the longest rubber belt in use?—S. A. B. A. The longest rubber belt in opera- tion is part of the dock installation of a coal company in Pittsburgh, Pa. It is 4,928 feet long, having been manu- factured in 19 sections. Total weight is _approximately 29,000 pounds, the rubber content be 52,000 pounds. ‘The width is 48 inches, of 8 plies of 32 ounces duck with rubber covers 3-16 inch and 1-16 inch. This belt was manufactured in 1922, and it is still in service. The belt operates at 500 feet per minute and carries a maximum of 1,500 tons of coal per hour. It is esti- mated that since its installation it has carried a total of 13,000,000 toxs of coal. Q. What are the processes used in reproducing drawings?—A. McN. A. Drawings can be reproduced by any of the three processes of printing. These three processes are relief print- ing, intaglio printing and planographic printing. In relief printing, the design is raised above the blank parts which do not print. In intaglio printing, the Are good manners inherent or ac- Q. quired?—D. W. D. A. John Erskine in “What Education Means to Me” says: “All good manners have something histrionic in them; they are not natural; they are a per- formance, and the best inspiration to- ward acquiring them is a fine desire to be agreeable to others.” Q. How should nut meats be kept? —A. 8. A. Nut meats can best be kept in glass containers which are t. Much depends on the quality andseli- mate as to how long they mi be kept. It is rare that they can pt much over six months. Is snuff used to any extent in Q. the United States?>—O. L. A. The Department of estimates that in the last 50 years the | production of snuff has increased from ! approximately 4,000,000 pounds On the other, 101 years later, there is| per In typical fish it consists of three parts year to more than 41,000,000 pounds. New York’s Attack Upon Graft Is Viewed With Satisfaction devised for the defrauding of the bor- ough. It is also encouraging to observe Satisfaction at the proof that prison sentences actually can be meted out to large-scale municipal grafters'is evident. | that they have not been confused and in comment on the recent conviction | led astray by the efforts of the defense by a New York jury of Maurice Con-| to make the evidence seem inconclusive nolly, former president of Queens Bor- | because it was complicated.” ough, and Frederick Seely, his assistant. g gt accused of fraud in connection with sty e _The result is_described by the New “The verdict is a great victory for York Evening Post as “one of those significant events which come every so the State, for the residents of Queens Borough, 'for the Gity of New York,” | Often to hearten faith in eternal justice assorts the New York Bun. “The prose- | and in the workings of democracy.” The Post continues: “Announcing that he cuti ente that ution presented evidence to show L&' | wanted immediate trial and vindication, Phillips (now dead) obtained $4,500,¢ in two years on 48 contracts for sewer pipe, for which a fair price would have been about $1,488,000. It showed that in the same period Connolly made cash payments aggregating some $145,000 in various private business dealings. It produced a contractor who gave evi- dence that on one occasion Phillips and Seely had sought $1,000 for Seely on the awarding of a contract. Out of such atoms the mosaic of certitude was built up; the involved transactions were linked together with skill and sureness by Mr. Buckner, the prosecutor. * * * The grafter came to deserved punish- ment.” * X x % posure of the sewer corruption,” it is pointed out by the Syracuse Herald, “the highest implicated official is visited with a prison penalty in addition to| the disgrace he had previously incurred. ‘The charge was ‘conspiracy to defraud’ —one of the most difficult crimes to prove, as the country has learned to its disappointment in the case of the| oil scandals at Washington. The out- | come speaks volumes for the skill and diligence of the chief prosecutors, for- mer Federal District Attorney Buckner. Credit is also due to the masterly di- rection of the trial by Justice Tompkins, | who made short work of most of the technical obstructions interposed by the ingenious counsel for the defense.” “Unfortunately for Messrs. Connolly and Seely, the public is becoming more and more irritated with delinquency in the public service,” according to the Hartford Times. “Evidence of such de- linquency in this case was palpable, but so much of it involved technical engi- | “Within a year from the first ex- | | Connolly raised technicality after tech- nicality, finally resigning as borough president in order to nullify the investi- gation which had been ordered by Gov. Smith in response to charges filed by former Alderman George U. Harvey. But even resignation could not save him.’ The thought that “one of the highest, most powerful officials of New York City has been condemned to prison” im- presses the Dayton Daily News, which says of the proceedings after ths State intervened: “One of the most eminent attorneys of New York was put on the trail. The moving spirit in the fraud, Phillips, died before he could be prose- cuted. But the trail was followed to the door of the borough president.” * K * * ‘The suggestion that Connolly and Seely may face other penalties than the sentences imposed is made by the Newark Evening News, which records: “Urged by taxpayers, Mayor Walker and his corporation counsel are considering suit to recover some or all of the Queens 'wer pipe graft, estimated to have exceeded $10,000,000. Federal income tax investigators are going through the evidence in the case and searching the records of the two men for 10 years back, to determine whether they owe the Government withheld taxes which would carry penalties of size. All of which tends to discourage the popular notion that the civic crook, like other crooks, is obligingly permitted, having made his clean-up, to ‘serve his time’ nnld then enjoy, undisturbed, his illsgot gains.” ‘The Cleveland News is not enthusiastic over the measure of punishment. “The sewer scandals,” observes the Ohio horses. * * * French troops today ad- | them leaves us in a good trading posi- vanced frresistibly over the 70-mile |tion. Thus far American investors have front east of the Oise and north of the | gupplied Germany an amount equal to Aisne, pushing forward 10 miles and |that paid in reparations. Europe would liberating 100 villages. * * * The im- [like to have us supply another billion rrlmary claim to distinction this amaz- ng day is the fc~t that he vaults into the presidency oe ‘the first occasion of State. - The result was that from these early returns the prospect appeared to some minds to be that Smith would unions and abandonment of concessions about to be made to certain religious orders. If their representatives in the “What keeps politics goin’,” said Uncle Eben, “is yoh ability to take a heap of interest in anothes man’s business.” his candidacy fo any public office. Barring perhaps the founding fathers, no man ever reached the White House who had not previously run the gant- portant German naval base at Kiel 1s|to liquidate the final settlement. We seized by mutinous German sailors and |should be foolish to respond if there is Soldiers’ Council takes control. Also big |any doubt that Germany will be able outbreak at Hamburg * * * One thou- |to meet her obligations. There will be sand and fifty-six names on toda; 'fllsuch doubt unless France makes con- casualty list, bringing the total for ' cessions which she has thus far refused Army and Marines to 70,599, to consider, -\ o, neering matters and was so far from | daily, “are expected to cost the unfortu- the knowledge of ordinary men that a positive verdict of guilty was despaired of. * * * The jurors, however, evidently felt that complete mastery of sewer engineering and construction was not nate borough about $16,728,000 alto- gether, when it is through compen: '3 defrauded property owners, paying interest and defraying the eXpense of required to justify them in convicting these men. It is heartening to see that 12 citizens of Queens Borough have had the sense to resent the squandering of their taxes and the elaborate system A N investigations and trials. The former president of the borough has boen sen- tenced to. im it_for one year, but that apparently is the most ssvere punishm®t meted out and some higher court may be induced to veto it.”