Evening Star Newspaper, October 26, 1928, Page 8

8 — THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY.......October 26, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office. St and Pennsvivania Ave ork jce: 110 East 42nd St Chicago Tower Building. opean Off~e: 14 Re:ent 8t.. Lond.n. . England. ilth Rate by Carrier Within e Evening Star .. e Evening and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundays) The Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays) % The Sunday Svar : Sc_per ccpy Collection made at the end of cach month Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone Main 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Marviand and Virginia, 1) d ) . 85¢ Bally Shiy 807001 31 "56.00: 1 mo. g8 Bunday only . yr. $4 All Other ll‘( the City. 45¢ per month 60c per month es and Canada. yr.. $12.00: 1 mo., $1.00 Daily only 00: 1 mo. iS¢ Sunday only Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Prass is «xclusively entitlea to the use for republication of all 1ews ais- atches credited to it or not otnerwire cred- Pedin (his paper and aiso tre .ocal rews published herein. All rights of punlication of | Epecial dispatches herein are also reserved | = Smith's New England Tour. For two days this week Gov. Smith toured through Massachusetts, Rhudc’ Island and Connecticut, speaking at| length in Boston and making numerous | brief stops elsewhere and participating in a procession. His progress was marked by an unprecedented outpour- | ing of people and an enthusiasm of | greeting that became at times veritably riotous. The longest memories fail io recall any such scenes as those that | were enacted at all points of the Demo- cratic candidate’s journey, and in con- sequence a feeling of higher confidence prevails in Democratic circles on the | score of New England support for the | nominee of that party. | The election in Maine in September unquestionably dampened the expecta- tion of the Democratic organization that the New England ‘States were dis- posed to support Gov. Smith. The baro- metric value of that contest was dis- puted by the party leaders, but it never- theless stood as a significant token of a leaning toward the traditional repub- licanism of the section. That Gov. Smith is strong in certain portions of New England has been accepted from the outset of the campaign. The recep- tion just given to him in three States demonstrates that this is true to a de- | gree that may prove to be sufficient to give him the thirty electoral votes of those States. In point of barometric valuation the rousing reception granted to Gov. Smith | during the past few days in New Eng- land may be more significant than the vote in Maine in September. There was never any Democratic hope of carrying Maine in November. There has, however, been decided hope of | carrying Massachusetts and Rhode Is- land and even Connecticut. As an ex-; perienced campaigner, of course, he knows crowds do not always mean votes, that a few thousand people can raise a tremendous rumpus and yet prove to be enly a minority on election day. The most distinct impression made by the New England receptions given to ! Gov. Smith is that his personality makes a strong appeal to the people. He 1s a remarkable campaigner. He lms the magnetic quality that arouses enthu- sinsm. This has been displayed at prac- tically all of his stopping points in the course of his tours in this contest. Whether the emotions aroused by his presence signify a dominant support in the three States he has just visited can- not be determined until election day. ‘Unquestionably, however, there is sub- stantial ground for the revival of Demo- cratic hopes of - victory, which have somewhat slackened during recent ‘weeks. R SRS Amateur nights are expected to de- welop radio entertainers, It is much more merciful to switch off the micro- phone than to resort to the primitive method of waiting for the audience to | cry, “Get the hook!” The Yankee Doodle. Rivaling the famous Spirit of St. Louis in performance the Yankee Doodle of Harry Tucker, the Santa Monica aviation enthusiast, yesterday added an- other record to its rapidly growing list. The Spirit carried the incomparable Lindy over the Atlantic to world-wide fame and to Mexico as the unofficial ambassador of the United States, be- sides sundry other flights in this coun- try and in Europe. Tucker, when he| descended to the ground from his spot- lessly white one-hundred-and-seventy- mile-an-hour Yankee Doodle at Mines Field yesterday, had completed his fourth transcontinental trip, two of them non-stop, and each of these two setting new records for the flight. With Art Goebel, the winner of the Dole race to Hawall, as its pilot, the Yankee Doodle reached New York from Los Angeles a month or so ago in two'min- utes less than nineteen hours, and witn Capt. C. B. D. Collyer, joint holder with John Henry Mears of the twenty-three- day record for circling the globe, at its controls yesterday the East-West record was officially added to the books in an elapsed time of twenty-four hours and Sifty-eight minutes. Time and again it has been em- phasized that flying West was slower and more difficult than flying East, but never has the difference in the two di- rections been so vividly demonstrated as in the record-breaking dashes of the ‘Yankee Doodle. A following wind aided Goebel to push this fast plane across the country eastward in ninsteen hours, but the same ship, with the same motor, ‘was unable to buck the head winds en- countered Ja the westward flight even to approach this time and it needed six hours more for the distance. 1t is becoming increasingly apparent, therefore, that in the visualized future of aviation, when airplahes and airships make regular passenger-carrying trips over water and land, a decided allow- ance must be made in fuel and time for westward flying. The Graf Zeppelin took one hundred and twelve hours to make the flight from Germany. Dr. Hugo Fckener, its designer and navi- | gator, expects to make the trip back in seventy-five hours, with a much smaller fuel consumption. These fig- ures, which are subject to revision when the return trip is made, show an esti- mated difference of thirty-seven hours 65 per month | | party. | When the Yankee Doodle arrived in New York plenty of gasoline remained in the tanks, but when it descended on Mines Field yesterday, after starting out |loaded almost to the breaking point | with fuel, it had less than thirty min- utes’ supply left. The prevailing direction of the wind explains, in the main, the many tragic failures to span the ocean from Europe to America. It explains likewise why the East-to-West transcontinental rec- jord of Macready and Kelly has stood intact since 1923, although in the latter case there have been comparatively few attempts to break it. And it points un- mistakably to the fact that the air- plane of the future, to be a commercial suceess, must be powered with a radi- | cally new and lighter motor or pro- pelled by a new type of fuel. The range of present-day flights is limited to the amount of gasoline that can be carried. The range of future flights cannot de- pend on such limitations. PR i | Impoverished Industries. It wes a rather tough breek for those who have been giving vent to hollow - laughter over the alleged existence of prosperity that at this particular mo- ment, of all the fine moments in a year, severai of the big business barometers should be disclosed as reg- istering particularly fine weather, with | little or no humidity and exceptionally good visibility. The net earnings for Gencral Motors for nine months, for instance, have been $240,534,613—earn- ings that establish a record for the | period and are greater than in the en-| tire year of 1927. Retail sales of motor | vehicles increased 24.5 per cent, and} the total sales for the nine-month period were greater than those of the preceding year. This General Motors Corporation, by the way, is that sane struggling organization which, with the able assistance of John J. Raskob, has made such a valiant fight to keep the wolf from the door during all the. lean | years that have marked the political supremacy of the dangerous Republican Other barometers of prosperity in- clude E. 1. du Pont de Nemours & Co., | whose net income increased about 56 per cent in the third quarter of 1928 over the corresponding period in 1927; the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, which had orders on hand September 30 | amounting to $58,725,602 as against | $51,761,08 for the same date last year, | and which is operating at 94 per cent of capacity, a new Trecord; the By- Products Coke Corporation of Chicago, whose third-quarter earnings have de- creased because of the lowest prices for its products since 1913; the Wright Aeronautical Corporation of Dayton, whose net earnings for the nine-month period over 1927 have increased from $648,616 to $1,992,130. There are a few others reporting earnings for the nine-month period in 1928 lower than those of 1927, notable among them being the Pierce-Arrow Motor Co. and the « Market Street Railway Co. of | Chicago. Now, were these earnings possible because the Republican party was in power, or in spite of the fact that the Republican party was in power? The answer is altogether dependent upon the political point of view. But any answer depending upon the political point of view alone is erroneous. The earnings were not due to the fact that the Republican party was in power any more than they can be explained by the fact that the Democratic party did not have control. The answer, reduced to simplest form, is that great industries, making use of efficient methods in production and distribuiion, are catering to a public that has the money to buy their products and is spending that money. At the same time the Government at Washington s functioning normally and, in the ab- sence of circumstances necessitating such action, has religiously refrained from throwing monkey wrenches into! the machinery. Prosperity, or the lack of it, lends itself nicely to political campaigns. And the efforts of the Republican party during this campaign to take all the credit for the most apparent fact that | the country is highly prosperous have ' been as amusing as the efforts by the Democratic party to prove that pros-| perity is a myth, and that the Nation, hungry, shabby and forlorn, is knock- ing at the door and begging a handout. . The End of a Long Fight. The “Desert Rat” appears to havel| won his long fight at last. Yesterday | the Supreme Court of the United States refused to review the judgments ob-, tained by George Campbell Carson in| the California courts against copper interests for infringement of his pat- | ents and the sixty-one-year-old man after a continual struggle for more than | ten years seems to have within his grasp | the twenty million dollars he has sought. | A prospector and a student of chemistry, Carson discovered in 1915 that his devices were being used in copper smelt- | ing. Having no money with.which to fight these alleged infringements, he| secured the aid of California capitalists and the struggle from that time to this | has worked its way through a series of court actions, to be climaxed by the refusal of the Supreme Court to review | the judgments given in his favor. If Carson finally gets his money. to which it would appear from th2 unanimity of the decisions he is en- titled, he can sit back and enjoy life to | the tulicst. Persistence if exercised in| a just cause often brings rich rewards and the “Desert Rat” can doubtless look back on the long struggle with a feeling of satisfaction. It is not every men who can win when faced with such handi- caps. 1 — Crowds stand out of doors during a campaign and, even if not improved by the arguments, get the benefit of the fresh air. ——r—————— Was Due Care Exercised ! Of course, there will be inquiry into | the accident which occurred yesterday, causing the death of two workmen on the site of a new hotel in this city. It is always in order to investigate a mis- adventure of this kind to determine whether there was carelessness on the part of any person in a responsible po- sition at the work. But very rarely does any such inquiry lead to action that will assuredly safeguard human life in subsequent operations. Work of this kind is always danger- | ment whatever. Sorghum. work of destruction such as tnat in which, immediately across the! street from the scene of yesterday's a“cident, several lives were lost a few months ago. It would appear that the F‘lvhln which enveloped two of the workmen yesterday occurred without ang warn- ing, carrying into the pit a great quan- tity of earth and demolishing a jscaffold structure. Suggestion has been made that the vibration due to heavy traffic in the adjoining streets m: have caused the initial movement of the soil that resulted in the avalanche. 1f that is the case—and it will be disicult to determine exactly—it would seem rea- sonable to expect that some;sort of regulation could be devised ind en- forced requiring special precaitions in all excavations in the downtown area subjected to this condition ¢f traffic | tremors. : In these days of highly developed mechanical aids to building ponstruc- tion the chance of accident £hould be greatly lessened. Machines new do the work that men formerly had tp do, and they do it more speedily and 'more ef- fectively. But machinery must be tended by men and there is pyobably a certain irreducible minimum &f danger in all operations dealing with obdurate materials and the displacemet of old conditions, in the removal df debris and the undermining of wails. That fact makes necessary the ekercise of the greatest care in all opefations of ths kind. In this present cage the - quiry should determine wherher such rare was exercised. et The eye as well as the ear & appealed to in the present contentions A cam- paign badge is sometimes sffficient to start a small fight, Wl(hout:nny argu- H RIS ESENID A 1t costs money to clect & President. There will still be enough’ remaining in the public purse to provide the most brilliant inauguration in the Nation's history. i T A lavish campaign fund prometes enthusiasm. The expert accountant the willing worker who follows a Mg act without much hope of applause for ‘himself. ——— Announcements of the uumber of spectators attending an outdbor demon- stration always vary. Statis‘icians have not yet devised a reliable formula for estimating the size of a cro¥d. ,,,,, b It is always difficult for *: orator to refrain from pausing in hif laudations of a great leader to put in i few timely remarks in favor of his osm political prospects. J AR R R The reminders set forth in a thanks- giving proclamation are cheering and substantial assurances that admit of-no controversy. et Motor accidents become:so frequent as to favor the statistics which air experts gather to show thst aviation is comparatively safe. o A talker who is barre d-!rrom “mud- slinging” sometimes evadest the rule by throwing a brickbat. SR S SHOOTING STA‘RS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Serious mm,’ Every time I turned aroundt 1 was supposed to laugh. Each tune was written to resound A bit of jolly chaff. ¢ Wvery picture was a joke. ! Each poem was delirious What a relief when somp one spoke In language strictly seribus! Philosophies are handed ovit 1In lines where satire glows, And Crime sets up a mocking shout And strikes a humorousjpose. We're groping in a state of mind Where glee becomes my?terious. 1t is a great relief to fing / Somebody strictly serioys! Time Is Mone> “Time is money!” sal¢ the ready- made philosopher. “It is, indeed,” answgred Senator “If you have sy doubt get the price of a short talf about your business over the radio.” Willing Workers. He traveled many miles tq reach The spot where some d#ne made a speech. ? In politics, he is afraid He does hard work—and sn't paid. Jud Tunkins says yoube gotto ad- mire a fighter; but too, many folks imagine they are fightini when they are only quarreling. [} Belief. “Do you believe in a fiture punish- ment by fire and brimstcae?” “I don't pretend to kpow all the facts. I won't say I belie’e in the de- tails. But there are persogs who make me inclined to advocate the idezx as a general proposition.” “An empty purse may filled,” said Hi Ho, the sege of Chinatown. “He who has an empty head]is poor in- deed!” Demonstrationy Orations always meke ¥ hit As wecks go on their way. I do not have to think # bit. 1 simply shout “Hoor#y!” And so T rally all the béys ‘Within my vocal reach. If ‘we can make sufficient noise, It's better than the s)’eem “An argument,” said Uncle Eben, “is like a concert by d¥ band. De biggest noise don't allus mitke de sweet- 2st music.” : oy Sloppy Going. From the Charlotte, N. C.. News. From ths amount of jmud-slinging that has been indulged s far during the presidential campaigr. it is_quite evident that the road tf the White House needs to be paved. ——— e A Poor Second. From the Lansing State Jou It is a terribly wrecked f:ot ball team that can hope for attel n for its cripples in Monday's papers in advance of the automobile casualtyflis! L B Lindy Taking Risks. From the Chattanooga News. { Lindbergh has taken ou’ an automo- bile driver’s licen: And ¥e had hoped he would continue to play safe by keep- Jetween east and west Atlantic.fying. ous, just as danger always attends the Irg to the air THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A man of cheery temperament greeted an office associate, “Hello," he said. “Hello,” replied the other. Later in the day the cheerful man again met the other. “Hello,” he said, it being his custom always to speak to those he knew. Tha second man glared at him. “That's twice you've said it,” zrowled. This anecdote brings to mind the per- ennial question: How many times should one greet as- sociates in the ordinary course of busi- ness? There seem to be two schools of thought in this matter. The first holds, with our cheerful friend, that it is one’s duty, if not priv- flege and pleasure, to spaak every time one meets an associate, no matter how many times during the day. The second believes that once enough. Between these two extremes there are many degrees, according to sociability, early training and ideals of those in- volved. is L This country of ours might almost be divided into two sections on this very proposition. Generally speaking, the Middle West and West adhere to the perpetual greeting plan. It makes no difference how many times you meet during the day, some sort of salutation ja necessary in each and every case. ™ rortatn sections of this country any ohe whe would refuse to acknowledge a greeling from an nssociate would be set down then and there as a snob. The thing is so much a custom that no man would think for a moment of refusing to say “Hello!” to another just because the two of them had engaged in that pleasant practice four hours before. The East secems more inclined, as a general proposition, to overlook the necessity for the continued daily greet- ing. It seems to be felt by many, especially in business establishments of all sorts, that much greeting is wasted effort. Many think that once is enough. If they speak pleasantly, upon first secing an associate, their duty for the day has been done. Henceforth they may pass him without a word, if it so pleases them, They reserve to themselves the right of speaking or not speaking. In some extreme cases, such as the one given, they actually resent being spoken to more than once. Some even go so far as to fail to see associ- ates after the first greeting of the morn- ing. Perhaps they flatter themselves with the belicf that their attitude be- speaks efficiency. If a man is so busy that he cannot speak, he must be very, very busy, eh? * ok ko Then there is the average sociable fellow who honestly feels that once is enough. Maybe it is. Who knows? | Any way, this man speclalizes in just one cheerful greeting a day. Another would be redundant, as it were. He speaks as good naturedly as any man in the world the first time he sees you. Often he speaks first, in this pleasant task getting the jump on his associates. The remainder of the day he will not know you, though you walk by him with the smile of angels, with saluta- tions fairly dripping from your lips. If he has need to speak, he will do it with the best will in the world, as if he had but turned away from you for a moment, although he might not have seen you for half a day. His extreme is the man who never WASHINGTON BY FREDERIC Gov. Smith’s last-round fighting is bound to fortify Democratic confidence of victory. His storming of the Eastern heights, from which he hopes to snatch the prize, will be a crescendo of col- orful combat. Smith's wind-up tactics always include taking advantage of chance openings given by the enemy. The governor thinks Hoover provided such an opportunity with the thrust about “State Socialism.” The Demo- crats are crowing that “Al” shrewdly turned the: tables on Hoover by show- ing that Theodore Roosevelt, Charles Evans Hughes and Frank O. Towden are “Soclalists,” too, if the indictment against Smith is well founded. Smith's invasion of the Atlantic seaboard has already slightly revised the Wall street betting odds in his favor. Hitherto they've been _overwhelmingly pro- Hoover. The Democratic high com- mand will leave no match unscratched during the next 10 days to set the East on fire. Unless such a conflagra- tion can be started the wise men (and women) at 1775 Broadway know that the jig is prob:hly I:p.* * Let no one be surprised if it is late on November 7, instead of November 6, before the country knows the name of the next President. It may even be November 8. If there is a record- smashing popular vote of 40,000,000, as some authorities F slide would enable the result to be known election night. If the vote is close in many States—strong likeli- hood—the country may have to stay up throughout the wee sma’ hours between November 6 and 7 to get even a break- fest-time glimmer of the outcome. Twelve years ago Hughes occupied the anxlous seat for 48 hours before he realized he wasn't going to occupy the ‘White House. Simon Michelet, presi- dent of the National Get-Out-the-Vote Club at Washington, who knows all about election statistics, estimates there'll be a popular poll of 37,000,000. That would be 8000000 in excess of 1924. The normal increase in four years is about 3,000,000. Michelet thinks 4,- 000,000 more women than ever before will vote this time and about 1,000,000 more men. Liquor, religious questions and other unusual issues, he declares, will be the great vote-producing factors next month. * o Some of the anti-Hoover whispering campaign literature which caused Post- master General New to suspend a Penn- sylvania postmaster questioned a Quak- er's ability to take the oath of presiden- tial allegiance. The Constitution gives an in oming Chief Executive the right either to swear or affirm allegiance. This observer asked Dr. Rufus M. Jones of Haverford .College, a Quaker historian, to discuss the subject. “The provision in the Constitution,” Dr. Jones says, “is almost certainly due to Quaker influ- ence, This privilege was won in the English courts and then was recognized in nearly all the American Colonies be- fore the Revolution. I have never asked Herbert Hoover how he feels about tak- ing an oath. Some Friends do not ob- ject to it. All such matters are left to individual judgment. It would be a question of Hoover's private conscience. Objection to the oath was twofold. Quakers held there should not be two standards of truth—one for ordinary occasions and one for the law courts. The other objection was the scriptural command, ‘Thou shalt not swear.'" -k Senator Norris’ declaration for Smith is the first of the “sensations” mysteri- oucly promised by the Democrats on the eve of election. Republican man- agers do not underestimate the impor- tance of the Progressive chieftain’s de- fection nor do they subscribe to the exaggerated Democratic view of it. Everybody is wondering what Senator Borah thinks about Norris’ flop onto th. Smith band wagon. The Nebras- kan was Borah's pre-convention candi- date for the Republican presidential nominetion. The commonest expecta- tion in Washington is that Norris’ dam- age to the Hoover cause will be con- fined to making N “raska more doubt- ful than before or possibly to swinging its eight electoral votes into th> Smith column. Norris is a persuasive cam- paigner. That he will change a good many minds in the farming West is unquestionable. he| redict, only a land-4 speaks. This phenomenon deserves no further mention, since we are dealing solely with types that do speak, if no more than once. The far swing of the pendulum brings |us to the man who greets you every | time he meets you in the hall, or in | the elevator, no matter how many times |a day that may be. His “hello” is as cheery at 4 pm. as at 9 am, The passage of time has no effect whatever on his good man- ners. Whether he sees one for the first time or the seventh, he manages to give a smile and an oral greeting. The reader can take his choice of these types, and will no doubt be so guided by his own actions, since every man must by necessity judge the world from his own self before he can see it from any other viewpoint. R Does not such a question boil itself down. after all, as most of them do, to a simple matter of common sense? Etiquette is nothing but polite usage solidly based on the natural and the civilized normal. There are not a great many knives, forks and spoons in a formal dinner service simply to mystify the uninitiated, but solely because so many arc needed for_correct service. The forms observed have no mys- terious origin, nor are they used simply to puzzle those without the pale, buf have their birth in utility and honesty. At the bottom of most of them is pure expediency, based on human nature and its rise to civilization. ‘When one approaches the question of how many times a day he should speak to acquaintances in business, he can approach it from two standpoints, either the actual or the theoretical. If from the former, he is saved a great deal of bother, perhaps, since he will then be under no compulsion to be anything but himself. If it is his nature to be cheerful, he will speak every time he meets another. If he is grouchy, he will not speak at all. Whatever his nature is, he will be true to it, no matter what others say to him. 1If he is polite, he will speak: if he is not, he will not. If he is too busy to give a greeting, he will with- hold it. If he approaches this matter from the standpoint of theory, however, he must agree that there is but one theo- retically correct way to act, and that is to invariably acknowledge the passing of a friend. Common sense applies here as much as elsewhere, If one is in a room with another, and has given one greeting, he cannot be perpetually speaking to cvery one. Such conduct would be fulsome. If, however, he is in another room, vhere is no reason why he cannot speak every time he meets another. An ora- tion is not necessary. The plain, hom: ly greeting of the West, “Hello,” or “Hy,” its two-letter equivalent, is enough. A smile, even, is sufficient. After all, what is happier than an honest smile? It just fills the bill in many cases, showing unmistakably that one knows that a friend, an associate, has gone by. It is said that passengers on the Graf Zeppelin looked hopefully for waving handkerchiefs as that glorious vessel passed over American cities, and that they were disappointed if they did not see them. i So, in everyday life, our passage of friends ought to be manifested by some signal which would show them that they possess, in our eyes, the dignity of human beings. OBSERVATIONS WILLIAM WILE. Refusal of the Electric Bond & Share Corporaticn of New York to testify be- fore the Federal Trade Commission about its operating expenses revives a point of controversy which has period- ically cropped up. When the commis- sion holds an investigation on a com- plaint filed with it, it has the right under the law to compel attendance of witnesses and production of evidence. When the commission functions under a congressional resolution—as in the pending case of the power trust—the Federal courts have repeatedly decided that testimony cannot be compelled. It is apparently in this attitude on the part of the courts that the Electric Bond & Share Corporation is taking refuge. R A Mrs. Herbert Hoover is not addicted to jewelry. The exigencies of politics have induced her to adorn herself with about the only conspicuous trinket she's ever worn. It's an elephant made of rhinestones and is used as a modest brooch, possibly two inches in width. The G. O. P. emblem glitters as a shoulder pin on most of Mrs. Hoover's public appearances these days. g Eugene J. O'Mara, Democrat, who is | trying to oust Representative Frederick R. Lehlbach, Republican, from the lat- ter's New Jersey seat, purposes singing himself into victory. The other night, at a big rally in Newark, O'Mara, who was once in a church choir, made such a hit with a cluster of songs that he's decided to make no more speeches in the district, and say it with music in- stead. The candidate’s rendition of “Oh, Promise Me” (he probably meant votes) won five times as much applause as the most cloquent spellbinding of the evening. * ok ok X Mrs. Nellie Tayloe Ross, Democrat, former Governor of Wyoming, is tell- ing people on her present stump- ing tour in the West that it won't be long now before the First Lady of the Land will be President, in- stead of merely the President’s wife. “Eventually the right woman will show up,” predicts Mrs. Ross, “and the women of the country will elect her President of the United States. For my part, I believe there is no office, po- litical or commercial, that the right woman cannot fill.” . (Copyright. 1028.) UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. In the battle north of Verdun the American 1st Army inflicted on the Germans total casualties in excess of 70,000, including more than 20,000 un- wounded prisoners. * * * Today is quiet in comparison with the past few days of bitter fighting. Americans are consolidating their gains and the enemy appears to be resting. * * * Gen. March, in, his weekly review of the bat- tle front situation, today announced that more than 7,000 square miles of ter- ritory have been wrested from the enemy since the middle of July. * * * Extensive gains have been scored on the wide front between the Oise and Alsne, the scene of the offensive started yes- terday by three French armies. They plerce the Hunding line, storm formi- dable fortifications north and east of Laon and smash 2 miles through strong German resistance on the Aisne front. * * * British win on the Scheldt, occupy territory southeast of Courtrai and approach Valenciennes from the south, * * * Germany fears national insolvency, as paper marks are issued in floods and hoarding of money grows. * * ¢ Turkish offer of “virtual surrender” is reported and Austria is said to be preparing to demobilize. * * * One thousand and Afifty-five casualties on list given out today—254 killed in action and dead from wounds and disease, 708 wounded and 93 miss- Thirty-Mile Pace Fast Enough for Fire Motors To the Editor of The Star: I read with a great deal of interest in Wednesday's Star your editorial upon the deplorable accident which toock |place at Fourteenth and B streets a |few days ago, when a fire chief's car crashed into and kiiled one young lady land seriously injured another, and noted the suggestions which you made jto prevent similar accidents in the fu- ture. As you state at the conclusion of vour editorial, this is a matter in which | every citizen is deeply intercsted, and so I am tempted to write you not only to approve what you said in your edi- torial, but to suggest for your cousid- | eration a thought that has come to me | quite often in the past year cr so, when I have been walking the streets and have seen the fire engines and other fire apparatus, likewise the hos- pital ambulances, go tearing down at terrific rates of speed through the crowded business sections, and, to be perfectly frank, my greatest surprise is not that one of the young ladies was killed and the other injured a few days ago, but that more people have not been killed or injured by the fire ap- paratus and the ambulances. My thought for some time has heen this, and I am submitting it for your serious consideration: That the aver-! age run of the fire apparaius and the ambulances today is less than 2 miles; that a vehicle making 30 miles an hour jcan run a mile in 2 minutes; at 40 miles an hour, in a minute and 46 sec- onds: at 50 miles an hour, in a minute and 33 seconds: at 60 miles an hour, in a minute. That rarely, i’ ever, will the small amount of time saved by in- creasing the speed of the fire ap- paratus and the ambulances above 30 miles justify the risk of human life incident thereto. A vehicle running at 30 miles, es- pecially with the right of way, is un- der control even in the crowded dis- tricts, but beyond that rate of cpeed even in less crowded districts cannot be stopped or handled quickly. When we had horse-drawn fire ap- paratus and ambulances the runs we: 'a great deal longer than they are present and these vehicles, going at their greatest rate of speed, did not ex- ceed 12 miles an hour, and yet the fires were controlled just as well then as they are now probably. I would suggest that in view of the crowded conditions of the streets an ordinance should be passed prohibiting a speed greater than 30 miles an hour of either fire apparatus or ambulances and to be kept down to 25 under or- dinary circumstances with the right of way at all crossings and over other vehicles. At this rate fire apparatus can reach the scene of a fire in ample time and not risk human life. The few seconds, represented by the figuration above, of 33 and 66 certainly will not often be of any great value either in the case of the ambulances |or the fire apparatus. F. S. KEY-SMITH. e Obj;;ions Are Made To Child Labor Laws To the Editor of The Star: Your issue of the 20th instant car- ries an account of a 16-year-old Chicago youth who has sued to recover his right to earn a livelihood for him- self and widowed mother. One wonders what will become of them if the youth is not allowed to work—and, of course, he will not be allowed to work. From nbservation it is likely they will become more laboratory material for profes- slonal social workers and uplifters. Your paper has consistently approved the attempts to raise the child labor law limit to 18 years, and the attempts to secure a constitutional amendment granting the Federal Government power to regulate this question. The brief item mentioned above, carried in your news columns, points to a widespread injustiee that will'inevitably follow such regulation. That is not just an iso- lated case it is typical. I have never as yet heard any one deny that such a law would bear down hard on r families. The parents of such families cannot support al- most full grown children in idleness: the children must work, or else some agency must intervene. That means again more laboratory material for pro- fessional social workers, who, of course, must have something to work on, or lose their own livelihood. So, in one sense, such a law on. this subject as we have in the District of Columbia, where there are no factories or sweat shoos, means simply additional hard- ship to the families, and plenty of good cases for the thousand and one pro- fessional uplifters of family conditions. The main argument I have heard advanced for the child labor law per- petrated upon Washington is that it should serve as a model to the States. ‘This is the main argument aside from the one that we should have it because the social workers want it because they want it. Of what is it a model? It tends strongly to State control of chil- dren. State control has always been a model tenet of socialism. SAMUEL C. THOMPSON. A R Medical Soldier Held First U. S. Death in War To the Editor of The Star: An article appearing in The Evening Star of the 20th from the Associated Press entitled. “Bridge Dedicated in Honor of First World War Victim,” by name James Bethel Gresham, is er- roneous. The first American soldier killed was a medical soldier. A hand- book for the medical soldier has been dedicated in memory of Oscar C. Tugo, by Arnold Dwight Tuttle, major, Medi- cal Corps, U. S. A, as being the first enlisted man of the United States Army o killed in the World War. On September 4, 1917, at Dannes- Camiers, France, while serving as a pri- vate, first class, of the Medical De- partment, Base Hospital, No. 5, U. S. A (functioning as General Hospital, No. 11, of the British expeditionary force), he fell at his post of duty and met heath at the hands of the enemy from a bomb dropped during an air raid. JOHN A. VELKE. Sergeant, Medical Department, 8. Army. ————— e Sport Lovers Are Glad Walter Is Coming Back From the Columbus Ohio State Journal. Lovers of sport all over the Nation will welcome the announcement that Walter Johnson has been signed for a three-year term as manager of the base ball team in Washington. In that city Walter Johnson spent his days of active playing, there he made the won- derful record he holds as a pitcher and developed a remarkable popularity, for he always gave to the seatholders in the grandstand his best efforts. Walter Johnson is one of the out- standing_men in base ball, one whose name will be given high place in the records of the game. With his rich ex- perience and his fighting spirit, even under the greatest difficulties, he should be a leader whose inspiring example would aid in building a team of leagu greatness. Certainly no other man could have been found whose appeal to the patrons of the game would have b:en stronger in the Nation's Capital City. Not every great player has been a successful manager when tried in that cn{mclty. There have been some pain- ful failures, but Johnson is a magnetic man, a born leader, who has shown his teammates on many occasions how to flaht their way out of difficulties. To his new position he will be followed by the best wishes of thousans of fans in all cities where base ball is dsveloped, and of thousands who kn~ of him cnly from reading game stctiss and records he made in the days of his greatness as a pitcher. u. you through our Washington Informa- tion Bureau? Can't we be of some help to you in your problems? Our business is to furnish you with authori- tative information, and we invite you to ask us any question of fact in which yeu are interested. Send your inquiry to The Evening Star Information Bu- reau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Inclose two cents in stamps or coin for return postage. Q. How long must canned fruits and vegetables stand before it is safe to move them?>—H. E. S A. If the canning is properly done they need not stand at all before mov- ing. If difficulty is encountered from { moving canned fruits, it is probable that the seams are not good and leakage results due to the agitation. Holding the fruits for a period of time after canning will not correct faulty seams. Q. How is the school problem met in the sparsely settled districts of Can- ada?-=D. W: A. A Canadian Pacific Railway pas- senger car has been converted into a complete schoolroom and teacher’s home and is now serving a district 120 miles in length. It brings education to the children of railway section men and others not in organized school districts. The car is stationed at a place for two or three days, where it receives pupils from several miles around, before leav- ing for the next point, and the teacher gives the children lessons to be worked out at home before his return. The car contains schoolroom, teacher’s bedroom, dining room and kitchen, bookcases, blackboards and maps. Q. Why do candy recipes for cream of tartar>—P. A. B. A. The use of cream of tartar in a hot mixture of sugar and water re- sults in a portion of sugar being chang- ed into invert sugar, the amount of i vert sugar formed depending principal- Iy upon the amount of cream of tartar present, length of time the batch Is heated, and the temperature of the heat- ing. Cream of tartar is used principally in the manufacture of all sugar hard candies. The invert sugar formed while cooking the batch to the desired temper- ature tends to prevent the unchanged sugar in the batch from reverting to its crystalline form, resulting in grainy or sugary candies, which would bé the case if only sugar and water were used. Q. What is the most common cause of concrete pavements cracking within a few years after being laid>—W. B. R. A. Cracking in concrete pavements may be caused by several factors and very often is probably the result of a combination of factors. Some of these are: Variations in temperature; sub- grade conditions; impact from traffic and stresses in the concrete resulting from setting up. Q. Will you kindly give me the source of the following: *“One picture is worth a thousand words”?—E. D. K. A. The quotation about which you have inquired is said to be from the writings of Confucius. Q. How many shots are used in 12, 16 and 20 gauge shells?>—M. R. H. A. There are two kinds of shots used in shells—the chilled and the drop. The number of shots used depends upon the weight of the shots. In a 12-gauge gun from 223 to 279 chilled shots are used, the weight of chilled shots varying from 1 to 1% ounces. There are from 218 to 268 drop shots used, the weight of drop shots for this shell varying from 1 to 1Y ounces. In the 16-gauge qm‘ 195 to 223 chilled shots are used, the weight of such shots varying from 7 to 1 ounce. There are 192 to 218 drop shots used, the weight of drop shots being 73 to 1 ounce. In the 20-gauge gun 167 to 195 chilled shots are used, the weight of such shots varying from 3 to 73 ounce. There are 163 to 190 drop shots used, the weight of such shots varying from 3 to 73 ounce. Q. Ts Fred Thompson. the motion pic- ture actor, dead?—G. D. A. There is no truth in the report that Fred Thompson has been killed. . When was the first parachute jump made?—P. P. A. The invention of the parachute is accredited to Sebastian Lonormand, and the device was used by him in 1784 in making a descent from an upoer window from a house in Lyons. The first descent from a balloon was made often call B. i | Have we had the pleasure of serving| by Garnerin in Paris in THE EVEN]NG STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1928 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. 1797. The first descent from an airplane was made in 1912 by Capt. Berry, at St. Louis, Mo. , A medium sized and weight parachute was used. This parachute was folded and shipped into a conical cylinder which was tied underneath the front end of the skid on a Benoist pusher biplane, piloted by Tony Janus. As far as we have been able to s Lieut. Macready was the first man to make an emergency parachute jump from an airplane. Q. What does “ss.” mean as used in oaths?—A. C. R. A. The abbreviation * the Latin word “scilicet,” meaning “namely” or “to wit.” The word is & contraction of the Latin, “scire licet,” meaning “it is permitted to know.” Q. Can rain fall from a eclear sky?—G., G. A. The Weather Bureau says it does not know of the occurrence of this phenomenon in the sense of true rain. Drops of water, sometimes reported as rain, occasionally fall from trees as a result of accumulated dew, and from one or two species of trees as a result of water exuded through the leaves and also from certain trees—the syca- more, for instance—due to the sapping of the limbs by a kind of insect. But, of lxc‘uum. none of these things is true rain. Q. What is meant by “stabilization gde" én the McNary-Haugen bill?— A. The McNary-Haugen bill aims to stabilize farm prices through the con- trol of the surplus, but omits all ref- erence to price levels and price stand- ards. Under its provisions a separate “stabilization fund” is provided for each of five commodities—cotton, wheat, corn, rice and hogs. These stabilization funds are to be obtained by levies on the “marketed units” of each com- modity and will be employed in remov- ing or withholding or disposing of the surplus by co-operatives, or, if there are no_co-operatives available, by individ- uals engaged in processing such com- modities. No public funds are to be used directly in effecting such control, but loans to be repaid with interest would be made from a revolving fund of $250,000,000 to the several commodity stabilization funds in anticipation of the collection of the equalization fees imposed upon each marl unit. Q. Do_any indian tribes live in the Glacier National Park?—J. S. L. A. There are no Indians living in this park. However, the Blackfeet In- dian reservation runs up to the park. Q. What are the latest political statistics regarding the number of voters in the United States?—C. E. H. A. There are 20,615,041 women and 29,774,712 men eligible to vote. Women represent 49.1 per cent of the total voting strength of the nation. Q. What was the King's Touch?— A . E. F. A. In medieval times a king who had been consecrated in his corona- tion was said to possess the power to heal such diseases as scrofula and other skin affections by touching the sufferer. Q. How many millions are there in a billion?>—C. F. A. A. The word billion is variously in- terpreted in different countriés. In America and Prance, a billion is one thousand million, while in England and Germany it is a million million. Q. What is meant by the numbers in measurements of caliber of shells, such as 30-30, 30-40, etc.>—J M. N. A. The numbers applied to guns such as 30-30 designate the caliber and the type of the gun. The first 30, for instance, represents the diameter of the gun barrel, which in this case would be 30 hundredths, or three-tenths, of an inch; the second number represents the velocity of the ammunition, in the above case, 30 feet per second. Q. From where does attar of roses come?—M. B. A. Bulgaria produces 85 per cent of the world’s supply of attar of roses. There are in Bulgaria 43,000 rose gar- dens. The sale of the buds furnishes livelinood for 100,000 persons. The buds are shipped to distilleries. About 4,000 buds yield 1 pound of attar, which sells in the United States for $250. Will Be Wa Two days before the presidential elec- tion in the United States the voters of the little republic of Nicaragua will choose new national officials, balloting under supervision of American Ma- rines. The experiment is watched with profound interest here by those who | approve the American policy in Nica- ragua as well as by those who oppose and condemn it. Among the most severe critics of the Washington policy, the Louisville Courier-Journal (independent) zays of the situation: “Instead of being another American election, this is strictly an un-American affair. * * * Two days before the American people go to the polls Nicraraguans will pass through lines of foreign troops and face American officers before they can exercise their right of suffrage in what claims to be, and has a right to be, a sovereign republic.” On the other hand, the Atlanta Jour- nal (Democratic) declares that “Nica- ragua's election is approaching under peaceful auspices, with all signs indi- cating that folk in that republic will have the chance to decide calmly what manner of government they want here- after. The American Marine forces,” the Journal continues, “are vigilant to detect and circumvent intrigue, which is said to be remarkably scattered for a pre-election season. The provisions of the Stimson agreement are being carried out to the letter. * * * The choice for the Nicaraguans is clearly between Conservative and Liberal can- didates. They will be honor bound to enter upon a period of harmony when the issue is settled next month.” * ok ok % It is contended by the Minneapolis Tribune (Republican) that “the Cool- idge action as regards Nicaragua almost precisely paralleled the Wilson action as regards Haiti. America's Caribbean policy has been continuous, whether a Democratic or a Republi- can administration is in power,” says the Minnesota daily. “Essentially it is not a party matter at all. It never has been in practice. The President, as custodian of the Monroe Doctrine, carries on the presidential tradition. His right to employ the mailed fist, in extreme emergencies, on foreign soil rests not on the constitution but on the Monroe Doctrine tradition. The President naturally is expected to use discretion in exercising that power.” “Nicaraguans of whatever party affiliation.” as observed by the San Antonio Express (independent Demo- cratic), “appear satisfied with the ar- rangements which Gen. McCoy and his co-workers have perfected to assure a fair election. The United States desires to withdraw its forces from Nicaragua at the earliest practicable moment. The republic’s people can help greatly to that end by voting as quietly as they registered, and also by accepting the result in good faith.” Referring to the fact that “the Marines who_are &re-ldlng over the election boards of the Nicaraguan pre- cincts have undergone three months' intensive training in the Spanish language, in the laws of Nicaragua, in registration and balloting procedure,” the Buffalo Evening News (Republican) makes the suggestion: “If their train- ing has been anything like that given recruits in the Marine Corps, it has been thoroug! h enough, per~ { . | police, Nicaragua’s Supervised Voting o p g tched With Interest haps, to warrant use of them when nacessary in the United States, say, in a Chicago primary. Why give the benefit of the talents of the corps onl: to faraway lands?” “However honestly the election may be conducted.” thinks the St. Joseph News-Press (independent), “it is pos- sible that the losing side will charge fraud and may even attempt a revolu- tionary break to prevent the departure of the United States forces, whose rule each party prefers to that of its politi- cal foes.” Of general conditions the News-Press remarks: “In Central American elections as a rule the party in power has had a great advantage through its control of the troops, the the local officlals and the treasury, as well as through its censor- ship of the mails and the press, its use of the liquor monopoly for illegal pur- poses, and through false registrations, dishonest voting and crooked methods in counting the ballots. Revolution. therefore, has been the only means of dislodging a party from power.” * ok ok “A definition of a Conservative in Nicaragua is ‘a desire to have an office’; the definition of a Liberal is the same. in the opinion of the Chicago Daily Tri- bune (Republican), and that paper comments on the forthcoming election: “Two day before the American people £0 to the polls the Nicaraguans will go through a similar process of democratic government and precbably with no more disorder than will attend the election in the United States. They have been helped to do this and the strong arm was used where it had to be. What- ever intellectual horror arises at a view of the prospects the event speaks prag- matically for itself. Nicaragua has a chance to make popular government work to the extend that its people have the willingness and the ability, and they are assured order and security in the renewal of their experiment.” “Government by the ballot,” asserts the Flint Daily Journal (independent). “is infinitely superior to government by revolution and teworism. What the United States has done has been to achieve a better condition of human life on the North American continent. Popular government will have a chance in Nllganm No':eu:::r 4_“I:ecluse the people can go polls with the knowledge that they will be able to vote as they please without intimation and they will know that their votes will be honestly counted.” Taking the matter in a lighter vein, the Savannah Morning News (Demo- cratic) asks: “Has anybody seriously suggested yet that the United States request Nicaragua to send a bunch of her marines over here early in Nove: ber to supervise our national election The Saginaw Daily News (independ- ent) finds a similarity to the United States in the fact that predictions are made in advance by both sides. glving each one’s certainty as to its standing in the election: lent Diaz asserts his party will surely win by at least 3,000 majority. Gen. Moncado, similar- 1y confident, is not so modest, how; in his claims. He says his par going to win by a majority of protybl 15.000. Almost it cou'd be imaz'ned that l::-duaml Chairmen Work and Fas “m rily u:aved u:en-w-