Evening Star Newspaper, October 19, 1928, Page 5

THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON. . ¢ FRTIDAY. OCTOBER 19. 1928, " PRESIDENT PRAISES SOUTHS INDUSTRY Civil War Scars Eliminated, | Coolidge Says in Vir- ginia Address. FREDERICKSBURG. Va.. October | 19.—Dedicating the Fredericksburg and | Spotsylvania County Battle Fields Me- morial, President Coolidge spoke as fol- | lows My fellow Americans: No one who loves our country and i sufficiently interested to make even slight examination of our history could | visit this locality without feeling that he is close to great characters and great events. From early colonial times down to the present hour men who have lived | and wrought in this section of Virginia | have cast a mighty influence over the ! course of the affairs of this Nation. | They have been a race who led in ca ing ‘out this Republic and establishing | its institutions, who believed in local | self-government and loved liberty. The famous sons of this Common- wealth furnished the leadership for ac- quiring the territory which makes up the continental domain of the United | States. Washington gave us the thir- | teen Colonies, George Rogers Clark added the Northwest, Lewis and Clarkci carried our jurisdiction to the Pacific, | Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase, | Monroe secured Florida, Sam Houston | brought in the State of Texas, Win- field Scott and Zachary Taylor won the California region. Your soidiers led the forces in the field. and your statesmen | directed the negotiations at the council table in bringing together that vast area, | stretching from the Atlantic to the Pa- | cific. which comprises our Federal | Tnion. Thelr wisdom endowed our | country with an empire. Lauds Early Pioncers. But however important those achieve- | ments may be, this Nation is some- | thing vastly more than an expanse of | territory. It has reached the high place which it holds in the world largely be- cause of its institutions of Government. Your devotion to their principles dates from your pioneer days. As early as 1676 Nathaniel Bacon was asserting | with armed force the spirit of those | rights which were to be established by | the Revolution. That spirit never fal- | tered in Virginia. It inspired the elo- quent voice of PatrickHenry. It led | to the decisive action of the Williams- burg Convention in May, 1776, when it unanimously resolved to instruct its delegates to the Continental Congress to declare the United Colonies free and | independent States. Accordingly, it | was Richard Henry Lee who moved a | resolution to that effect, and Thomas | Jefferson who embodied that action in the Declaration of Independence. It was your great -soldier, George Washington, who made that declaration effective. In his other capacity, as a statesman, aided “by able leaders in other Colonies, but especially by Madi- | son, he was the main influence in se- | curing the adoption of the Federal Con- stitution. To make that Constitution | a living, vital system of national gov- ernment, Virginia contributed John Marshall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, who ranks | as our greatest magistrate. When our | Government had been established and given strength and direction under ‘Washington, the great instrument which | insured that it should forever remain dedicated to the voice of the people was again Thomas Jefferson. During the first 60 years of our Republic the presidential office was held for 36 years by Virginians. Among them was Mon- roe, who added to our own Declaration of Independence the doctrine against any further interference with the inde- pendence of the other countries of our | | The unanimous action of the Congress requiring many sacrifices. lie the fields of Predericksburg, Chancellorsville, of the Wilderness and of Spotsylvania Court House, where the heroic sons of the North and South met in mortal combat, each contending for ‘what he thought was right as God gave him the power to see the right. The first of these engagements oc- curred in December, 1862, when Gen. Burnside, sending a force across the Rappahannock. made an attack on Gen Lee’s position, which was well protect- ed and amply supported by artillery. Assault after assault was made by seven divisions, the one after the other, with the greatest gallantry, only to be re- pulsed with the most disastrous losses. In the following May of 1863 Gen. Hooker, then in command of the Union forces, marching upstream and crossing the Rappahannock and the Rapidan, met with such resistance at Chancellor: ville that his losses were over 17,000 Gen. Lee lost about 12,500. But among these was the ablest military leader of all his generals, Stonewall Jackson, who fell through the mistake of his own men. His loss wa irreparable. Following this action Gen. Lee led his forces north until he was turned back at Gettysburg The next battle in this locality took place a year later, in May, 1884. Gen armics, with headquarters with Gen Meade, who led the Army of the Po- tomac. Grant sent his army across the Rapi- dan at two points, and the battle of the Wilderness followed. which checked his advance. After resting a few day: Grant started the Spots ania cam- paign by attempting to turn the right flank of Lee. Three days of desperate on both sides were very severe, the heaviest being around the struggle for possession of the bloody angle. It was during this battle that Grant sent his famous dispatch to Washington an- neuncing his purpose “to fight it out on this line, if it takes all Summer.” With the superior forces at his command Grant began ‘that campaign in_these two battles, which he followed up until less than a year later it was all finally ended at Appomattox. Lee’s Force Smaller. In these four important engagements | Lee always had the smaller force. His being on the defensive and his brilliant leadership each time saved him_ from defeat. He always inflicted much the larger losses. On these four fields it has been estimated that the total number engaged on both sides was about 700,000. The entire casualties for both armies were close to 100,000 in about 10 days of actual fighting. Those who fell sleep here. near where sleeps the mother of Washington. Because of their historic interest and their valuable military lessons, the Con- gress unanimously passed a bill last year, introduced by your distinguished Representative, Mr. Bland, to make a military park and mark and preserve the important points on these battlefields. and the joint participation of the people, both of the North and the South, in carrying inv effect the law which it passed is another welcome demon- stratign in a long line of events, not only that the war is over, but that reconciliation is becoming complete. The Union which this commonwealth did so much to establish, the Union hallowed by the name of Washington, the Union which Jackson defended with a fervor no less pronounced than that of Lincoln, the Union which took a new place in the world under Wilson, is not accorded a loyalty in any other | part of our Republic more devoted and sincere than that which is constantly manifest in the life of the people of Virginia. As we look over the course of history, as we give it more and more considera- tion, our confidence in mankind can- not but increase. The more we con- template their actions, the more we learn of their motives, the more we are convinced that on the whole they at- tempt to do the best that they can under the circumstances in which they find themselves. The progress of the | race has been long and hard and toil- | some, marked by many mistakes and It never goes forward but one step at a time. When we set up our Republic on the founda- tion of liberty under the law. much of 1 of | factured, the mineral and the farm | products, the banking resources and the exports are of about the same value today that they were in the whole | United States in"1900. The yearly pro- duction of the farms. the mines and | the mills exceeds $18.000.000.000, while the construction contracts run about $1,000.000,000. 1If it is possible to judge | anything ‘of the importance which a people set on spiritual values, or make mate of their intellectual at- tainments by what they are expending in construction of places of worship and | some idea of the progress which the South is making is revealed by the fact that their school costs are twice as much as those of the whole country in 1900, while on the new church buildings that | cost more than $10,000 they are ex- pending $1,000,000 each week. This day, however. local or rectional occasion. It is to mark a national occasion. The great deeds which we have recalled as among | the glories of this commonwealth were | national dceds. , The great questions which were at issue on these battle- | fields were mation out of : | Grant was now in command of all the | brought there has been a common ad- vantage and & common progress which \has accrued to the whole Nation. Had | the decision been otherwise we should | have all been robbed of a great part of | the pride which we all facl today in Our countiry Her achievements of the | past_years would have been divested of much of their value and her prospects | for the future would have been devoid | of much of their hope. Instead of one | fighting took place, in which the losses | great country enjoying domestic peac |and progress, holding 2 comranding position in the world, we shoi i have been a region of hostile factions, im- | potent at home and despised abroad. | The service which we did for the cause | of humanity in 1898, the world crisis | in which we successfully perfermed our part in 1917, would all have been im- | possible. Long since our common | heritage would have been dissipated, | our glory would have departed. | Growth of U. S. Unsurpassed. The growth which our country has made since 1860 and the benefits it has brought all our inhabitants are unsur- | passed. Our population, which was then about 31.500,000, has risen to | about 118,000,000 Our wealth of about | $16.000.000,000 is row conservatively estimated at $350,000,000,000. foreign trade of only about $785. Our railroad mileage has from about 31,000 to about 249,000 and its revenues have grown from $153,- 000,000 to $6,250,000. Public school enrollment has risen from about 5,000,000 to about 25.000.000. Our manufactured products have multiplied from less than $2,000,000,000 to nearly | $63,000,000,000. In 1870 our farm products were less than $2,500,000.000, while they are now around $13,000,- 000,000. These figures illustrate our progress. So great has been our enterprise and industry that with only 7 per cent of the land and 6 per cent of the popula- tion of the world we produce over 50 per cent of the grains and basic raw materials, Many different elements have contributed to this development, but they all rest on the fundamental fact that we are a large country fur- nishing a large market able to consume the output of mass production. This situation has encouraged the introduc- tion of labor-saving machinery. As the wage earner became properly com- pensated, as he began to cost more, the incentive was increased to make him more skillful and more productive. One man can now take the seed from as much cotton as would have been done by 28,000 without the cotton gin, and he can make as much yarn as would have been produced by 45,000 women on the handwheels of colonial days. The operation of machinery requires a supply of power. In 1869 our indus- tries had 1.14 horsepower for each operator, who added to the raw ma- terials furnished him less than $680 of manufactured value in a year. By 1925 these had risen to 4.3 horsepower and $3.200 of value. In the machinery industry this reaches about $5,200, which is about three and one-half |in the suppor of the public schools. | Sharges to about 1 | more { ag2s has been reduced 70 per cent. | More than 172,000 miles of improved | 1y decreased the cost of the transporting has now become over $9.000,000,000. | increased for each of their wage earners. The | scale of labor has constantly improved in importance and compensation. A most important influence in our national progress has been the expan- | sion and increased efficiency of trans portation. Prior to 1860 railroads were in_small and detached units built on different gauges and freight charges were rarely less than 2 cents per ton- mile. Beginning in 1869 consolidations | | were effected, gauges standardized and | uniformity of operation introduced, | which have gradually reduced freight cent per ton-mile. | Business has so much increased that | passenger traffic is three times and | freight six_times as large as they were in 1890. There has lately been a re- | markable increase in railroad efficiency. | In the five years prior to 1927 the aver- | ag> distance traveled by a freight (‘M’} is not 1o mark a | was increased four-twelfths, while the| proportionate consumption of coal was reduced two-twelfths, and one-twelfth employes moved four-twelfths | more freight. The movement from pro- ducer to consumer has increased 40 per cent in rapidity. The periodic car short- ages have been entirely eliminated. Goods were handled with so much care that the cost of paying for such dam- Waterways Expenditures. Our national cxpenditures and au- | run into hundreds of Some of this in the Mi has already been demon: commercially profitable. The water-| borne traffic on the Great Lakes has eached the enormous total of 116,000. 000 tons in a single season. Plans are being made for a deep channel water- way from the Great Lakes to the sea. Within the past 10 years one of our most remarkable improvements has been | in highway construction, the expense of which has been borne in part by the States and local units of government and in part by the National Treasury. highways have' been constructed, with over 222 miles of bridges, at a cost of | over $1.439,000,000, of which the Federal Government has paid $633.000,000. On rural highways as a whole over $1 000,000,000 is being expended annually ‘This movement for good roads. with the | general use of the automobile, has great- of our production and given a mobility to cur people that has expanded the whole horizon of life and brought bene- | ficial results so great that they cannot | vet be enumerated. | In our airways commercial aviation | already covers many thousand miles | each day. ‘The great strength and soundness of our financial structure was demonstrat- ed by the World War. Prior to that time we had been a debtor nation. Dur- ing that crisis we not only furnished enormous sums to take up foreign in: Open a Budget Charge Acct. - OLD I'RIE vestments here, but we provided the| funds for our own war expenditures, ad- vanced nearly $10,000.000,000 to foreign Governments, and have constantly sent capita! abroad until the Federal Treas- 2nd our private investors have cred- | its there amounting to $25,060.000,000. ‘When the currency system of other na- tions was rapidly crumbling our own remained perfectly stable and secure. The resources of our banks and our | National Treasury, the strength of our Federal reserve system, were so great that we not only kept our own currency on a gold basis and our own exchange at par, but were able to furnish lage | cradits to other nations to stabilize their | currency and support their exchange. These are some of the facts which | indicate the progress and prosperity of | the United States. While there are still some of our people who have not _,m“ become participators to the extent’ of their merit in our material resources and_some lines which have fallen be- | hind, we have striven to keep the door | of opportunity open to all our inhabit- | ants. Ii is that the accumulations | that are taking place would lose much of their value unless their benefits were | dely distributed among the great mass i cur people. We have individuals of | | great wealth and shall continue to have | so long as men are free and enterprise | | and ambition cxist, but the large for tuncs in this counfry are substantially | all invested in different ways of serving | Some of the largest have | the public. all been transferred to charity Cites Increase in Savings, The millions of our people who are investors in securities, the $27.500.000,000 of deposits in savings institutions, which havz more than doubled in nine years: the $7,200,000,000 of assets of building and loan associations, which have more | than trebled cince 1919, the widespread | individual ownership of homesteads, the | possess fon of 23,000,000 motor vehicles of which 20,000,000 are passenger cars. the general use of the telephone and radio, the constantly increasing rate of wages even when the price of commaodi- | ties has been declining, and the general | standard of living never before experi- | enced by any people in human history all testify that under our free institu- tions and equality of opportunity distribution of wealth is solving in_accordance with natural laws. These figures, which would be cold ng in themselves. when ey illustrate the life and development of our country, cannot fail to have a deep fascination. But those wonderful records would be of little avail it they were not accom- panied by evidences of the moral power ot the Nation. increase. Our charities are lavish and worldwide. Our missionary efforts reach in every direction. Our actions in behalf of limitation of naval arma- ments have been of great benefit to all mankind. Our influence in nego- tiating the recent treaty in behall of D. J. KAUFMAN, Inec. 1005 Pa. Ave. 1724 Pa. Ave. OUR FIFTH ANNUAL WHERE | made with hands.” Education is on the | NDS MEET peace is well known. It raises the greatest barrier against war that was| ever created by the art of man. In! his capacity as a ranking member of the committee on foreign relations the State Department had the constant counsel and co-operation of your emi- nent Senator, Mr. Swanson, in these negotiations. = Our progress and pr perity at home, our standing and in fluence abroad, could never have been : secured unless they rested on a solid | foundation of demonstrated integri high character and abiding faith. [ Such are some of the outlines of the marsion in which dwell the people of the United States. It is “a house not Into it have gone the sacrifices and prayers of many generations. While it is by no means compiete it is already the most com- fortable habitation which a nation ever enjoyed. Its prevailing atmosphere is marked by progress, peace and tran- quillity. ~Section animosities have dis- appeared. Industrial conflicts have al- | most ceased. Her territorial integrity is secure. Her constitutional liberties are protected by the eternal vigilance | of her people. Our country is still worthy of those who have made ch | great sacrifices in its behalf. still de- termined to improve the opportunities which those sacrifices created. still loyal to the faith of the past, still inspired by | the hope of the future. I Marionette Show Planned. A marionette performance of “Jack | and the Bean Stalk” will be staged at the Boys' Club of Washington tonight | at 8 o'clock by Theodore Tiller, jr. Tiller | will instruct a class m_marionette con- | struction on Friday nights in the future | at the club, Third and C streets. | | | Adverse climate conditions are affect- ing the silk cocoons of Bulgaria to such | an extent that while there are more ot the silk producers this vear than last, the total output will be 275,000 | pounds less. UMBER MILLWORK PAINT HARDWARE BUILDING SUPPLIES COAL Whatever Your Needs Talk With Us First! | Small Orders Given Careful Attention | No Delivery Charge | J. Frank Kelly, Inc. | 2101 Georgia. Ave. Pay as You Get Paid Lowest Cash‘ Special Dispatch to The Star. Frank treasurer; Thomas R. Keith, Democratic | Saturday night | county chairman, and Jo representing the eighth v on the State Democ: 19.—Dr. | have been scheduled for addressss at a County | Democratic rally to be held at Soyd Three Speakers Named. HERNDON. Va, Huddleston. October Fairfax Poromen ARGONNE DINING ROOM LVING adom Desirable Apartments Four rooms, kitchen and bath, Grocery Stores y . with southern exposure. Churche. Drug Stores Schools Jus Lines Rock Creek Park Street Cars Library Theaters Convenient Large, light, well and newly decorated for tenant, arranged h to Semi-hotel service in ope tion 24 hours daily, with resi- dent manager constantly available. Call On Us 16th Street and Columbia Road Come Help Celebrate Qur Birthday A popular Style Ladies’ Wrist Watch- Western Hemisphere. | After remembering &1l the contribu- tions that were made by Adams and the best thought both of the South and North realized that the structure was incomplete. Almost immediately | times the best that is done in Europe. Mechanical power has been increased Absolutely guaranteed. Oval design with diamond- Hamilton and Franklin, and their colo- nial associates, after giving due credit to all the inspiration and all the armed forces which came from outside the ‘©Old Dominion, it will forever remain to your glory that our territory was won, our republican institutions were put into form and a government resting on the sovereignty of the people was per- manently established under the leader- ship of the sons of Virginia. No other colony put more of itself into the Fed- eral Union or had a greater influence in the early direction of its government. Recalls Civil War Battles. But the historic inferest of this lo-| cality is by no means confined to the creation and the formative years of o Republic. When the Nation became in- Volved in the great tragedy which over- took it in 1861, the contending armies of the North and the South for long periods had opposing camps in this re- gion, where occurred some of the hard- est-fought battles of the war. Near here 10 articles of amendment were added to the Constitution. Certain obscurities still remained, cerfain powers were still disputed and undefined. The question of universal freedom and of whether the Constitution provided.a temporary confederation or a permanent union were sure to arise. Their decision in- volved a most terrible and appalling sacrifice on the part of two great con- tending forces. Cites Rebuilding of South. The main reason why we can all join in the movement to commemorate the deeds of immortal valor which marked these battlefields is because we all realize that out of & common expiation our common country has been greatly | blessed. In these advantages, as it has | slowly risen from its prostration, the | South has more than amply partici- | pated. Since 1900 that progress has been most marked. In the Southern States alone the wealth, the manu- 3 Spectacu until it is equivalent to the work of 3,000,000,000 additional employees in our industries, or more than 350 helpers ———— e ———1, 'Sash & Doors || New Building Material Complete BRANCHES Sixth and C Sts. 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