Evening Star Newspaper, September 26, 1926, Page 43

AUTO INDUSTRY FACING PROBLEM IN PRODUCTION Profits in Big Output of Cars Com- pared With Returns From High- Quality Manufacture. BY WILLIAM ULLMAN. ONTRARY to the general pub- lic opinion, the entire at mobile industry is not mo- vated solely hv the imp toward quantity production, m‘th-“‘nm of benefiting the pro. &peative buver's purse at the risk of affmating his taste 2 is true that all American motor @h? Makers are endeavoring to give e buyer the most for money the automotive dollar never valuable as it is today—but phatically, it s not true that the in dustry as a whole is committed 1o the mass.production principle as that principle usually is recognized Some farsesing manufacturers who have until now heleved that mas production i« the best thing are asking whether it really is the soundest b ness. What will happen. they ask when the abnormal demand for new cars passes” Should the prices of au tomobiles be reduced during perinas of great demand” An indication of what tn some divisions of the shown fn the fact that largest producers—a em is the is goin indust ® one of unit of all makers—has sacrificed hix love for numerical supremacy and it mak ing more money per car. In tke first halt 57 last vear company turned eut the relatively small numoer of 74,895 machines. but instead of mee ing the price situation with an ag ressive campaizn. coniinued to 1ake ita medicine and goncentrate on huild. fng as good cars'as could he built that particular class—not a low prie but medium price class Stipped Behind in Sales. When the returns for 1926 wera all in it was found that rot only did the eompany fall to henefit by the gre increase In demand for care, but rually slipped hehind in sales and pro duetion. Only 59.400 car eut. But here is the surprising fact the profits on the reduced production were $8.755.864. a profit per unit of $147. Contrast this with the case of an other company. one of the most ag ressive of the quantity producers uring the first half of 1926 this com- pany turned out 131.718 cars at _an average profit of only $45 a car. The sales for the period were approximate. 1y 21,000 more cars than in the same mont: Suppose the general demand for au- tamebiles should take a sudden fall. Say the second company could sell but €5.000 units over a half-vear period and the first couid dispose of but 30.- 000, Rippase each ook a 30 per cent cut in profits pe to pay for in creasgd wdvertising. usedwcar lnsses. sales vampaigns ditional car equipment to a the purchasing public. The se-ond company could make a profit vt $1.300.000 whila the first could v v more than £2.000.000 firm. oh- vieusly in 4 betier position. It makes mare monev. manufaciures a was so | <hich | aspired to a place next to the lurgest | in were turned | better car and s hens Increazed good will, Just what 3 zohd tie means to A manufacturer, as an iadication of the |fact that a maker need not follow the maseproduction principle to operate | Buecess?ull | ean he iudged by the |amazing record of ena of the sma® producers whose cars wai>il for more an $2590. 1a the first half of 10 nization showel a prof g 10,000 vehicles, | Which I8 at the rate of $438 a car. corresnonding period 1his !made a profit of apnro 1 an entput of o is gzve the compan: rofis nf $532 a car |1 should | profits per | s0id fer ea | Howeve king through r= made in pre 1is does nou » er hax mor to sup- |1 paris for. bu they go to the junk | hesp sooner than the berter made ma- {ehines. There fever cara to be kept supplied with parts in the case of the higher grade products, but there |are greater p e . and be cause owners lesn their cars longer more replacemen « are the resull. May Abandon Quantity Fleld. With all cl in view, cre- dence is leni to the widesoread rumors | tha: ‘the decision of several compantes | to abandon the quantiiv field for a fiir |tation with the “custom™ business is a |result of the growing convictlon tha* |ine not room for so inany in t on. and that even for those ics that are succeeding in it 2 are not as alluring as had papted Another instance: In tae firat half of |this vear. one organization produced | 77.000 cars at a profit of $145 a unit. At the same time one of ita livelieat competitors made a_unit profit of but 18104 on a basic of a production of 76772 The former firm made more | money, because {1 has more vears of fine reputation behind it, and its stock always has been exceptionally high |on the ex:hauge. The company may | be making a serious mistake by follow: !ing the lure of quantity output. Tt will be seen that the industry is not solely on a quantity production basis as many casual observers have been led to believe, even though many producers have attempted to follow the principles of Henry Ford in this direction The latter manufacturer’ started in by building an inexpensive car. and it is quite possible that the makers who keep pushing down price and quality in an effort to increase profits simply are jeopardizing their own positions. The public will buy a Fovd or a car plainly offered as a Ford-tvpe product. | but certainly it may hesitate to buy a cheap version of a car it once held in higher esteem. That may be one ex | planation of the trend toward better | cars and higher prices. | "Evident it is that the problem is one | aftecting in very vital fashion the | Automobile indusiry as a whole, and | manufacturers and careful observers Are giving an increasing measure of attention to the whole broad question | been an Simonds Sees the League of Nations As a Bitter Battleground of Future wentinued from First Page.) Raving renounced fignting under ne- cessity as mucn Ae hy conviedon all presert ime. have decided to carry on their co.flicis hove. “Tn them ail game hecomes one of seeking to use the Leaguc platform and League sounding beard their own ends. Rut let the League propose some such thing as a disarmam~it farence, and the atmosph whicl s idealistic and almost superheated. turns chilly instant!: There is no very profound sull be tween the mathods nnd ideals of our demestic poiitics and_lurops's inter national dealings. The creat differ- ance lles in the fact that our national relations. beine relatively un- important. we give them a highly 1dealistic tone. while Furope’s interna tional relations being a watter of life or death. they zive them a highly ma terialistic color. Rut we. wha are s Asm deceived By 4 party platiorm or & campaign flood of eloquence. sur repder digcrotion when n poli- tilane use t na langinge meth ads and devices ke o G o Seeing and hearinz Briand the other fav. most of my American acquain. mnoss here afirmed an enormous thrill, a sense of the heginning of a new. even golden. age But Mgr. ope Kaas, one of the German delegates. | when he Priand's ked voleed tha Furopean view waid: “We Germans found address full of holes. When we loo into the holes for real concessions found onlv eleauencs” The Leazua of Nations the the is foi foundation ~ffore. of f 1t hes now r-meme the hattlaground af Franco-Germ:an interests which may easily promote divisions and pro voke grave criges. 1 do not go so far a8 to acoept the word of one of the moet distingutehad of all living French diplomats that it will ba necessary for Franos to leave the League within two rears. so complatalv successful aill Germany = anti-French campaign be, but I suggeer that there is a flood ofelight to ba had from the comment. Franco-German reconciliation and sconomic association are {n ry judg ment, two things so we!! nigh inevi- table, given European conditions, defy the stupidity of statesmen the folly of politisans tn prevent. They have both made natable progress in the past tWo ears-—progress par- ticularly noticeable as one returns to Europe after an absence. Rut neither was accompliehed here in the recent sasmion. Little is gained br minimiz ing the appalling number of o that lie in tne wa. o- v heligving they will ba eiminated by aloquence ar by the tradit‘onal methods of Fu ropean diplonucy. Te lalieve rhie is te insure disappointment. wheh will come moon on our side of the water. and lead to the conviction that there is ne sincerity in Furopean states manship. ® o x Phe American whi comes to Geneva 1 not Infrequently in the position of another American who attends a Fame of cricket and interprets it and applauds it under the impression that it i plaved according to the rules of hase ball T do not mean sug- gest even remotely that Eurcpean statesmen or politicians are more dis- honest. insincere or hypoeritical than surs, or that the main object of their words is to disguise their thouchts or of thelr promises to deceive. point is that tney are talking to an which knows the realities, understands the language. appraises the degf®e of actuality exactly, while in America. particularly among Amer- joans at Geneva. circumsiances are ignored, words are taken for face value and even more. 3 Franoe, Germany and Britain agreed 2t Looarno not to fight by arms. is & great beoels lorgelm- Tt was real of them now helfeves Jur oan %o victory. But then for | inter- | acles | The | they ecame to Geneva, foread to ratify their bargain. even to the extent of reating new Council seats. and are now proceeding to organize within the League to car on their rivalries, with very little regard to the inter- rete of the League. to the wishes of the smaller states. which constitute 4 maiority. or of anvthing save the businces which they bave in hand. Every real friend of the League per- |eoives that this process mav be im | men<aly expensive for it Therefore, it is easy to =ee why, despite all out- ‘\\a.l'd semblance of success, thiz last | seasfon may prove a disasi | Rl | Locarno was a very real peace pact, because it was a bargair hetween the great powers -made on a -husiness hasis which represented realities. It had nothing to do with Geneva. Tt was only made after the Geneva plan scrappad by the great powers. After. ward the League was used to give an appearance of idealism to the affair But actually Locarno was made at the expense of 1ne League. The frst | rosts were disclosed in the fiasco of March: the other costs have heen re vezled here, and still further expenses are foreseen. In other words. in my judgment, the great powers have successfully, if perhape only temporarily. captured the League and turned it 1o thelr uses. while with enormous skill and success making the realization of their ends seem a victory for the {Leagues. As a result the League be- {eomes for a time not now to he cal- culated a chess board of forelgn oftices. a hattleground of great-power campalgns. Intrigues and manipula- tinns (Copyright. 19261 Man Who Betrayed Six | to Gernians is Caught | | In July, 1017, a French customs of- |ficer named Georges, intrusted with a delicate mecret mission, was set down !1n occupied Belglum by a French air- | plane. He accomplished his mission, went to Brussels and began to scheme how to get agvay. In Brussels he met | five other French secret agents, also | trying to get out. They took counsel of a Belgian merchant. who put them In touch with a woman called Victor- ine. She told Phem the man who could help them was a certain Jules La- perre, a Frenchman, but passing then as a Belglan. An appointment was made. At the meeting place Laperre advanced with outstretched hand. As he did so German police agents sud- tdenly appeared on all sides. The Frenchmen were interned until the *nd of the war. Last March a Jules | Laperre was arrested in France near the Belgian frontier. Georges read of the arrest. He confronted Laperre in court and denounced him. Laperre, deathly pale, begged for mercy. He had gone to Relgium, he said, as an | English*spy. had been caught by the | Germans and sentenced to death. but | was offered his liberty if he would en- | ter the Garman secret service. He ac- icepted. The woman Victorine was a German spy, and he was under her i orders. 1t was only because Victorine | had already betrayed them that he bad denounced Georges and the oth- ers. Doubtleas a harsh retribution aweits the traitor. { New Wage Solution. Chinese coolies in tea godowns pulled a new stunt in the history of labor movements here during their recent strike when they kid- naped three of their emplovers and. taking them to a vacant lot, forced them to sign a bond acceding to thelr” démands for an increase of| 10 cents silver a day. than' 1.000 employes benefited the actlen, | {dangerous e for peace—namaly. the protocols— was | AY a it ™y BY COL. ARTHUR WOODS. HERE is a good deal of talk nowad; alt over the civilized world about “dope’ and the drug trafic—and that Is one of the most hopeful things abou: the whole situation. For wherever civiiized people learn the 1 about the drug menace and stop n -of the ravages and,misery by the improper uses of these habit forming narcotics, ve yvou will find people whose teous indignation. 1s aroused against a hideous traMc and who will back whatever strong measures may be necossary to put an end to it. In this ever more enlightened ever-screngthenifig opinion which has strides toward con- itng the evil in be taken all over the world during the iast few vears. For this is an international problem, and it & only by concerted vigorous action on the part of all the countries involved that the ultimate goal of com- centrol .of narcotic drugs can be ned. Foriunate! owing to this ersal condemnation of the drug traffic, most of the difficulties and mis- understandings which usually block the road toward International agree- ments are eliminated. But -aven though al: nations seem sincere in their expressed desire to co-operate in stamping out t terribie menace, their co-operation is far from being as effective as it should be, and in some cases still seems to exist only on paper. * ok ok K Here is a need for public opinion to make itself felt still more strongly and to insist that governments adopt the practical and comprehensive methods which will make their condemnation of the evil a thing of action and not only of words. - We have reached a point where no government can afford to say that it protects the drug smuggler or that it countenances the illicit drug trade. Now we must go on, and speedily, to the point where no government can afford not to take whatever action is necessary to make it a strong link in the international chain which is being forged to shackle the drug traffic ané suppress it forever. You will have noticed perhape tha) T speak almost exclusively of con trolling the traffic in drugs, and thal so far 1 have said nothing about th¢ suppression of the growth of the poppy or cocoa leaves. That is be- cause there is no doubt in the mind of any one who has studied this question that the Immediate and most impor- The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BU HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended Septem- ber The British Empire.—The deadlock continues in the British coal mining controversy. Mr. Baldwin has pro- posed a compromise between the method of national agreement and that of district autonomy in wage- determinations. The miners, of course. demand a national agreement, pure and simple; the owners. with even more obstinacy, are for district agree- ments only. The owners are convinced that un less the government effectively inter- venes, they will win; that, constrained | by misery, the miners will disregard their leaders and return to work. The owners' conference finds a certain jus- tification in the fact that the dribbling hack to work continues and, apparent- 4t a somewhat increasing rate. There are said to be about 150,000 miners at work, producing about 500,- 000 tons weekly, the total number of miners being about 1,100,000. Major- ity public sentiment. however, is op- ‘osed to an out-and-out victory for the owners, and it is significant that an important group of progressive vounger men of the Consecvative party are exhibiting intense disgust at the mounting Intransigeance of the owners. Those - progressives would have the government inter- vene boldly to compel the owners {o Accept a compromise. They -say he fate of the Conservative party is at stake on this issue, and they may be right. The people of the Australian Com- monwealth turned down by an em: phatic majority the proposed legis- lative amendments referred to them, the intention of which was very greatly to increase the power of the central government and Legislature in respect of labor organization and management and the settlement of labor disputes: this at the expense of the government of the componént states. It was, as we would say, a victory for states’ rights. It seems certain that Canada's wheat crop of this year will not be much smaller than last vear's great crop of more than 410,000,000 bush- els. while the quality s better: it mAY turn out as great or even slight- | Iv greater than last year's crop. Our own crop is expected to considerably exceed last year's. * o ox % R France. — Poincare continues _to make progress with his program. The weekly reports of the Bank of France show progressive improvement in the treasury's position. There are many indications of increase of public con- fidence (the main thing after all), whereof the most valuable is renewal of subscriptions to treasury bonds. Fine, wp to a point; but we have vet to learn how it is proposed definitely to stabilize the franc. No doubt in emulation of previous achievements by American airmen, French airmen have during the past vear or so displayed extraordinary zeal in attacking air records and with extraordinary success. Besides hold- ing speed records for 1,000, 1,500 and 2.000 kilometers French alrmen are now supreme as follows: Duration fiight, Landry and Drouhin; 45 hours minutes 59 seconds; non-stop fight. Girler and Dordilly, 29 hours; altitude, Collize. 12,442 meters. The number of automotive vehicles in France at the end of 1925 was about 721.000: the increase for the vear being about 146,000 Fighting. continues in Syria be- tween the troops under the French colors and the Druses._ * % % % Thoiry.—I cannot discover that the League Assembly has accomplished anything in particular recently be- vond passing resolutions urging the two commissons which are preparing the way. the one for an international enonomic conference. the other for an international _disarmament _confer- ence. both under League auspices. to proceed as rapidly as possible with their work. But if the doingg and sayings at Geneva have been of slight impor- tance, not _so of a little affair at Thoiry. a French mountain_ village just over the border from Switzer- jand, whither M. Briand and Dr. Stresemann retired for luncheon and conversation at the inn: whence, no doubt. immortality will come for Thoiry. It would seem that these states- men are congenial to each other, and that each 18 rofoundly convinced TWASHINGTON, STAR. THE TRUTH conferences. to r:_F there goes eac! That it i product. Germany, Switzerland and nations of the universe. States. of New York City. addicts are criminals. mately $182,500,000 annually. In New York tant step toward complete suppression I8 to control the output of the drugs or derivatives. When this is done, and it should be done soon, the question of the control of the crops will 'be vastly easler. Cocoa leaves are valu- able as a crop only if there is a de- mand for cocaine. because they are not used raw except by some Indian tribes in parts of South America. * X % X Opium is, of course, a ‘different story, but much of it is exported from countries where it is grown to coun- tries that have factories to turn the raw product into morphine, heroin, etc. The great‘evil of oplum smoking. which occurs almost exclusively among Chinese and was once stopped In China by the Chiness themselves, can best be brought to an end by first bringing to an end the lllicit use of the narcotic drugs. “Today one of the most alarming features of the drug situation ie that in certain Oriental countries, where heretofore opfum was only smoked, the use of its derivatives {8 now sup- planting the smoking ‘of opium, to the infinitely greater detriment of the addicts. Were the manufacturing of the drugs limited to the medical needs of the world it would be a far simpier tries lies in a close politico-eco- nomic accord between the two. It follows that they discussed ways and means to that end. According to the wiseacres, the conversation took some such turn as this “Dr. Stresemann, name wish for Germany. “Monsieur, the evacuation of the Rhineland. of course. Would you be %0 Kind as to state vour quid pro au You know, doctor, our erving need of cold cash. What say you to turning over preferred shares of the German railways in the total value of 500,000,000 marks, upon the repa- rations account? I think, monsieur, that under the circumstances the proposal is reason- able.” And so on, and so on. Thoiry was, we may be sure, beginning of much. * ok ok x your first the Spain.—It is reported that Primo de Rivera has resolved upon a con- siderable reduction in the size of”the Spanish army and a thorough - re- formation and reorganization of that institution. Toovers of Spain will commend the resolution, for reform of the army is perhaps the most cry- ing need of the country. It 1s not difficult to imagine a Spanish army of the first efficiency. The material should not be so inferior to that of which the great captain and Alva disposed. There are few finer, bet- ter disciplined, organizations in the world today than the Spanish civil guards, the constabulary (dating from ahout 1830) formed of picked men, méunted and foot. Merely, one is disposed to say, very bad tradi- tions have established themselves in the army, while the newer traditions of the Guardias Civiles are alto- gether good. But it is obvious that the dictator has his work cut out for him. The officers, one hears, are muttering disapproval. The report adds that the civil guards are to be increased. Eftecting of the reductions proposed would release considerable sums for application to sundry agrarian, edu- cational and industrial projects in- cluded in Primo de Rivera's great zeneral program for the rehabilita- ton and development of Spain It is reported that the Spanish government, in an identical note to D. C.. SEPTEMBER ABOUT DOPE HE control of the narcotic output and consumption of the world already has been the subject of six international President Coolidge appointed Col. Arthur Woods, former Police Commissioner of New York City, resent the United States at the meeting this vear. his conference reported that into the underworld market h vear 7.800.000 pounds of bootle; impossible to control the growt been the report of each conference. the drug smuggler they advocate control of the manufactured opium. of narcotics has As the next move against ‘There are only about 50 drug factories in the whole world, and these are, for the greater part, in the United States, England, Japan—among the most civilized There are approximately 200,000 drug addicts in' the United New York State has 25,000, of whom 15.000 are residents Seventy-five per cent of New York City's The United States spends in its illicit drug traffic approxi- the underworld dope market of ity $1,687,500 changes hands each year. Narcotic consumption in America is decreasing. where official eyes have been closed to the menace which is gnaw- ing at their civilization, drug addiction is increasing. In Europe, task to restrict the production of th raw material. It would then be easler for the producing countries to see the advisability of substituting some other crop for oplum or cocoa leavi * x % % Here are some significant figures which tell their own sinister story. It has been estimated that the total re- quirement of opium for medicinal pur- poses of the whole world for a vear is approximately 850 tons, “or 700,000 pounds. As against this, in 1922 the world production was approximately 4,250 tons, or 8£.500,000 pounis! The United States has taken a very strong stand on the necessity of curl ing the production of raw material. This is sound and right, and in my opinfon it can best be achieved by attacking and controlling the drug traffic first. To, us who are familiar with stories of private stills and kitchen produec- tion of contraband liquor it may on the face of it seem an equally difficuit. it not impossible, task to control the manufacture of contraband drugs, but, fortunately, this is not so. Tt is a complicated and costly busi- ness to manufacture drugs. An elab- orate and expensive factory is needed | the Tangier zone. and must he operated by a highly London and Paris, has formally withdrawn its demand for the inclu- slon of the international zone of Tangier in the Spanish zone of Morocco; at the same time, how- ever, proposing that conversations be begun looking toward Italian par- ticipation in the administration of It is understood that London is not exuberantly hos. pitable to the proposal R Greece.—Greek developments since the coup of Gen. Kondyles have been enveloped in obscurity. Whether or no the general would play the dic- tator if he could is not apparent, but I infer from the dispatches that he would not be allowed to do so if bhe so wished: that the Greeks have had their fill of dictatorship. The Greek people seem to be at last aroused from the political apathy induced by their misfortunes. At first blush this seems all to the *good, but-if it involves (and there are some indications in that sense) the powerful revival of monarchist agitation, it may turn out all to the bad. It were well to watch out for squalls in Greece. Charles P. Howland of New York has resigned the chairmanship of the League of Nations Refugee Settle- ment Commission in .Greece. He will he succeeded Qv another Amer- ican. * ok ok K China.—Wuchang, occupied by u detachment of Wu Pei Fu's troaps. sufll holds out against vage on- slaughts by the Cantonese, It is reported that strong Can- | tonese forces are approaching forces of Sun Chuan of the five “lower inces (Kiangsi, Feng, supertuchun Yangtsze” prov- Kiangsu, Anhwei, Chekiang and Fukien) in position not far west of Kiu Kiang. on the Yangtsze. It is also reported (most tmportant if true) that Chang Kai Shek, the Southern commander, is getting a great many volunteer re- cruits from the central provinces, the which provinces have hitherto had a Northern orientation. Tt would seem thal Wu Pei Fu has retreated to the left (northern) bank of the ¥el- low River (in Honan province), and that he is being reinforced from the North, but whether heavily enough to permit a comeback remains_ to be seen. The rumor persists that Sun Chuan (Continued from First Page.) placed on a platform, the top of which was slightly lower than the walkway on three sides of the tomb, around which the spectators slowly passed. On the fourth side stood an armed guard. and back of them was a worn Red flag used by the Commune in Paris in the seventies. Lenin's head. and the body clothed in simple Soviet to the hips, was exposed, including the hands. The legs and fegt were covered as if the sleeper had lain down for a Sunday nap and thrown a blanket partly over him. The high forehead. hald to the middle of his head, and his pointed sandy whiskers gave Lenin an appearance identical with that known to thousands from pictures and buttons everywhere dis- played. It was a sleeping man and not a corpse that one saw. Career Is Reviewed. And who was this Lenin, anyvhow? Hie real name was Viadimir Tlyitch Oulianoff. (Few of the revolutionists g0 under their own names.) Born of the lower nobility on the Volga, in what is nof Russian Tartary, he was not a “worker,” but of the hated bour- geoisie. A brother had been put to death under the old Czarist regime for plotting against the life of Alexander II1. Lenin turned Red, sought reform and revenge. He was sent to Siberia in exile, and after his release spent vears abroad studying and developing Carl Marx and participating in revolu- tionary propaganda. In the Great { War he opposed Russian participation, and coming up from Germany follow- !ing the revolution was accepted as a leader. He created the first organi- zation of Soviets, defeated Kerensky. and. with Trotsky, made the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. From then on he was supreme in Russia, destroying all opposition. He died in January, 1921, scareely 50 years- old. ‘Besides thespectacls and the | Lenin in Death, Seems to Be Inspiring More Influence on Russia Than in Life achievement in embalming. the signlfl- cance of the Lenin cult is to be noted. Among those who assemble at this burial place are bands of ‘“pioneers.’” ‘These are young children, comparable to the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts They are taught from infancy the principles of communism, and are en- couraged to visit Lenin for inspira- tion. Hundreds of thousands of these “pioneers” of Socialism have been organized in the schools of Russia. In all the factories there are Lenin ‘‘corners,” where he is venerated and where his doctrines are promulgated. Russia is preparing the coming gen- eration to follow in the path of the revolution. Gold Found in Ocean By German Scientists According to the Berliner Tageblatt the German scientists on the explora- tion ship Meteor have found varying quantities of gold in the ocean on their scientific expedition. Measure- ments were made 350 times on a two vears’ cruise, during which the ship covered more than 80,000 miles and made 14 trips across the southern At- lantic. The depth of the ocean Was meas- ured and the amount of salt, tempera- ture, air conditions and the geology of the sea bottom were recorded. An in- teresting series of proflles were made, but the old continent of Atlantis was not found. Down to 63 degrees south the Me- teor was in constant radio communica- tion with the Prussian town of Nauen. the mysterious Bouvet Island, where, the mysterious Bouvet 1siand. where. it is said, no human being has vet set foot. Steam rising from the smoke on the island led the pro. and rrore o deduce 1 1o be ot Telesala| Ut on Swalty with uriesty. s S 26, 1926—_PART 2. trained force. This is obviously some- thing which cannot be established over night, nor can it easily remain hidden. In fact, so difficult is the process that there are only about 50| drug factories in the whole world making narcotic drugs, and these are mostly situated in the United States. England, Germany, Switzerland and Japan. If the output of those factories can be controlled then the illicit drug traffic is over. * ok % % That does not sound impossible. ldoes it? But these factories aze pri- vata enterprises and represent large capital. So long as there is such a big return for the nianufacture of nar- cotic drugs and such an enormous il- lieit market these companies are do- ing good business if they make and sell all they can. Furthermore, they produce some- thing which is totally necessary to us all in certain times of illness and ac- cident. The medical profession could not do without these narcotic drugs. Is it not strange to think that any- thing which properly administered can be so beneficial to mankind can, if wrongly used, cause such misery and destruction? ‘There is no reason, however, why the output of these dangerous habit- forming drugs cannot be controlled and limited to the medical needs of the world. The governments can es- tablish this control either by taking over themselves the manufacture of such drugs or by establishing such adequate supervision of the manufac- ture that the government shall con- trol the amount of supplies adinitted to the factory and shall regulate the disposal of the output, so that no one can buy a grain of morphine or co- caine except for bona fide medical or sclentific purposes. o ox Such drastic measures as these have been adopted in the United States and in England with satisfactory results. for it is now belleved that no dru i manufactured-in either of these coun- | tries get into the illicit trade. Yet the trade still exists, might indeed be said to flourish still, in both these countries. Why? Because the other nations where these drugs are manufactured have not established this sort of con- trol, and the smuggling of drugs goes on. How clearly this proves the interna- tiona} character of this problem and Ithe need for absolute national control land infernational co-operation: Feng has dispatched a force with the mission of cutting Chang Kal Shek's communleations with Canton in the vicinity of Chang Sha. The affair of Wan Hsien (a Yang- tze River port in Szechuan province, miles above Hankow), has been smoothed over, the two British merchant vessels seized by the Chi- nese military commander in 8zechuan having been released by him. Had the threat of a British punitive expedition been carried out. there's no telling what it might have led to. The re. mote Szechuanese are reputed the least friendly to foreigners of all Chinese, and the lives of the 600 Brit ish, and indeed of all the foreign resi- dents in the province, would have been desperately jeopardized. One hears that as it is, the foreigners are clearing out as rapidly as they may, which means not very rapidly, as only small craft can ply cause of rapids. The following seems to me of great importance. The central executive of the Kuo Mintang at Shanghal (the Kuo Mintang is the radal party of which the South China Republic is the child) has issued from its safe retreat in the international settlement a manifesto, as follows: “The Kuo Mintang is not Bolshevik, it does not propose a Communist | regime, but it follows the doctrines of the late Sun Yat Sen, who was above all else anti-militarist. The Kuo Mintang is. to be sure, mov, ably resolved that the treaties shall go (though by amicable ariangement), but it is of ndly disposition toward foreign eis and foreign governments. Canton government—i.e., the national government, as its ad- herents have always claimed—must be transferred from Canton to Han- kow, and transferred, must (if the if \vl!!’! China) be recognized by the foréign powers as the government of in that reach of the great river be- ! unilateral | possible | The | true foreign powers wish:to do business | ~gYy. CHROMIUM MAKES BILLS HARDER TO COUNTEREEIT Thin Coat Applied to Plates for Print- ing Currency Life of HROMIUM is making counter- feiting more difficult, Willlam Blum, chief of the electro- chemical section of the United States Bureau of Standards, says in a research report made public by the Engineering Foundation. It is also enabling the United States Gov- erment, he declares, to meet the in- credsing demand for paper money. “More and better” money is being turned out by applying a thin coat of chromium to the electrolytic plates from which the Nation's currency is printed. - Chromfum, proved by tests to be the hardest of metals, has been found cheaper than mickel or steel,’ and the impressions are sharper. ‘Through its use, a dollar bill, for example, survives longer, because it Also Increases Money. therefors. very difficult during and Just after the war, to meet the de- mands for Liberty bonds and for an increased supply of paper currency. “Demand for currency has contin. ued to increase; more bills are need- ed to pay increased prices of mer- chandise; money is deterio; Wea rapidly by the sofled hands > line filling station employes. Of Y methods of reproducing the printing plates were therefors investigated. “Very faithful reproductions of en- gravings can be made by electro-dep- osition, but such plates as are made in electrotyping, or even plates con- aisting of a nickel surface, followed by copper deposited to a thickness of a quarter inch, would not withstand the pressures used in plate-printing. can stand rougher usage than the bills printed from uncoated plates. By increasing the life of each plate, fewer plates are needed, the result being fewer differences in bills and bonds. Get More Perfect Plate. A more perfect plate is producing more perfect money, and when the microscope now reveals variation of impression the chances are greater that the lack of uniformity is due rather to counterfeiting than to the printing process. “A layer ot chromium only two-ten thousandths of an inch thick de- posited upon the nickel surface of an electrolytic plate increases the use- ful life to at least four times that of a nickel surface, and twice that of a case-hardened steel surface,” says Mr Blum. ““As fewer plates are required, the currency is even more nearly uniiorm than formerly. The method is there- fore, in a double sense, a ‘monsy-mak ing process.' " Mr. Blum’s report is published with the approval of the director of the Bureau of Standards and of the direc tor of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing of the Treasury Department. Way to Check Counterfeits. “The Bureau of Engrqving and Printing has a monopoly in this country on the printing of paper cur- rency and United States Government securities, and is very zealous to maintain it,” the report says. “One of the best ways to render counterfeiting mobe difficult is to have all genuine bills of a given design absolutely identical. Any defect obh- served in a single line or dot is then an_indication of counterfeiting. “To produce such perfect impres- sions, the plate-printing process is employved. The designs on the plates are ‘intaglio’—that is. they are below the plane surface of the plate. In printing, the entire surface is coated with ink: the excess is carefully re- moved by wiping, leaving the ink only in the lines. When the paper is then pressed upon the plate, the ink is picked up, giving sharply defined lines in the print ““There iz considerabhle abrasion from the particles of pigment in the ink<: plates even with a case-hard- ened steel surface, usually vield only 30,000 to 70000 impressions. Al plates used, until a few vears ago, were of steel; they were produced by ‘transfer.’ Difficulty During War. “In this process the design is rolled into a soft steel plaje. which is then | case-hardened. There are only a limit- “At the Bureau of Engraving and Printing it was discovered that by depositing alternate layers fof nickel and copper, a plate with the neces- sary strength could be produced. This principle was employed in the electro iytic plant designed in 1920 by the staff of the Bureau of Standards. which has since been in successful operation at the Bureau of Bngraving and Printing. Cheaper Than Steel Plates. “Electrotyping plates are made more cheaply than steel plates and yield very fine impressions. Even ‘with the hardest nickel surface that could be produced by deposition, they did not last as long as the case-hard ened steel plates; &0 it was desirable to produce a harder surface. “A._study was then conducted at the Bureau of Standarde, chieflv hy H. E. Haring. upon the possibilits of appiving chromium to these plates. 1t was then known that chromium was very hard and subsequent teats have shown that, as measured by the width of a scratch produced when a diamond or a sapphire is-drawn across it, it is the hardest metal thus far examined. ““Although the deposition of chro mium was reported in 1854 by Bunsen, and numerous papers have heen puk lished on this subject, no extensive practical applications of chromiues plating had been made In this coun try up to 1924, Process Proves Successful. “Haring's work showed that to oh tain bright hard deposits, such aa would be suitable on a printing sur face. the conditions of plating must be carefully controlled. especially the acidity and temperature of the sol tion and the density of the electrical current \ As a result of this study. the ss was installed at the Burean of Engraving and Printing, and has heen eminently successful. The im pressions are somewhat sharper than from the pickel or steel plates | “Chromilm i« now attracting the attention of many manufacturers. Tis possibilities lle in lis great hardne: and hence its sultability for printing | plates, dies. raiges, cams and gears: ite high luster and resistance to atmospheric corrosion. which has |led to its application. usually over | nickel plating, on automobile radiator | shells. bumper bars. plumbing fix | tures and other objects. hrough the studies of chromfun plating now in progress at the Ru reau of Standards and in numerous commerecial rescarch laboratories it seems certain that within a few yeais ed number of ‘transferrers’ or ‘siderog- raphers.’ in this country. It was It will hecome commonplace, instead of being a chsmical curiosity.” | . (Continued from First Page.) the school is inferested in health work < that it wishes to reduce the amount of absence on account of illness, for If a child is absent for 1 month out of 10 his school Vear is equivalent to only 9 months. Regularity has been found to have much to do with school progress.” Dr. Rogers stressed the importance of operation be- {tween parents and teachers in the | health work of the schools. 1 de vs ining the child for any physic tects he may have, the d in part: “A child is infinitely the most com- plicated, as :s the most valuable, machine in world. and it a simple matter of economy to have him looked over periodically, say, on his birthday. to see that he has no defective parts, and that he is rightly cared for, just as one would do_ with all China in place of the practically defunct Peking government.” g Presumably the Kuo Mintang com- mittee speaks for the Canton govern. ment; and if %o, the manifesto would seem surely to indicate a desire 1 that government to conciliate treaty powers, |the manifesto that the Canton gov- |#rnment has announced the intention |to Nft the anti-Hongkong hoycott on or before October 10, : * ok ok ok United States of America.—Relief being provided efficiently, and the scale character- the on generous from the terrific Gulf hurricane. As usual, and happlly. the early reports of cnsualties were exaggerative, but the total of dead Is several hundred. The Sikorsky plane tragedy drove home at frightful cost the lesson of the supreme importance of the safety ffll;;n: mcaaronnum‘s, aj. Gen. Charles P. Sum has been designated chief of Stat of the Army in succession to Maj. Gen. John L. Hines, whose term of four vears’ service as a member of the General Staff expires on December *ox ok ow 5. Miscellaneous. — Mussolini's order to the Blackshirts, communicated through the minister of the interior, to abstain from ‘reprisals” against enemies of Fascism on account of the fifth attempt against his life, has by no means been strictly obeyed. There has been violence againet the per- ons, a good deal against the erty, of :nél»l-‘uclsu.g Ebad nd has no floating debt. tunded a:}n is about 592.000.060. " ® national wealth is est! ’:z#:»,noo,ooo. e e currency has been,on a gold basis since the beginning of this year. The population of Finland is about 3.332,000, the area about 150,000 square miles. (Area of New York State, 49.000 square miles.) It is reported that a group of Amer- fcan capitalists and engineers are considering an offer by the Russian Government of a concession to involve the construction and financing (to the tune of $60,000,000) of a great hydrg- electric plant on the Dnieper, whic} should serve a great mining and in- dustrial district of the Ukraine. One hears that Great Britain and Ttaly have saved themselves the humiliation of an airing of their dis- pute with Abvssinia before the League (Abyssinia having all the right | of 1) by a settlement on the side. The report goes that they got what they wanted in return for a lean, FT N It is in keeping with | istic of our people, fqr the sufferers | such a comparative trifle as a $5.000 {automobile. Much, of the physical ex- |amination of school children can be | done with advantage by trained teach- ers or by nurses under the super | vision of the school physician. —Tn N i fact, the teacher who does not know | whether the child under her care sees | or hears or breathes or otherwise be- haves normally will, at ne distant i date, be considered as {ncompatent |and absurd as a_seamstress who does not know whether her scissors are sharp, or a professional musician whoe aoes not know ether his instrument 1s in tune. We are no longer at- tempting in school to direct the prog- ress of bodiless minds.” Parents Should Query Selves. Some of the questions which parents should ask themselv about their child, according to Dr. Rogers, are these: “Is he growing?" “Is he well nourished”” ““Does he droop?’ *Does he limp?" *'Are his ey ght 7" he hear well?” ‘s his skin clear ‘Does he breathe through his n Has he good teeth His throat should be examined regularly for signs of disease, his face and ips queationed flush that may mean fever, the pall of illness or the dark circles of fat The lips, Dr. Rogers points out, “are also telitale in that they may show, by lack of color. a poor quality of biood, or by a bluish tinge rome seri ous fault of the organs which pump the blood abopt.”” The doctor warns against bad breath and stresses the importance of studying the glands in his neck, of examining his chest, his abdomen, his back. his limbs, and of endeavoring to correct speech defects. “Getting rid of bodily defects,” the doctor declares, “Is only the begin- ning of health work. So far we have only been examining and making needed repairs. We may have a ma- chine made of the best material and perfect in its parts, but it will not run well without plenty of good fuel and oil and frequent cleaning. Moreover, the human mechanism must always be given opportunity to renew its bat- teries from day to day by rest and sleep.” The responsibility for training the child in health habits, Dr. Rogers points out, rests chiefly with the pa- rents. “Health habits,” he says, “are as old as the hills. They have been essential for health for ages, and their falthful practice has kept the wild cal perfection. Human life has be come so complicated by our many discoveries’ and ‘inventiona’ and there is such a variety of choice of conduct that th“dfin&: uire supervision and guldance daily program, in ol of the few*things Discussing the importance of exam- | daily, not only for evidence of the use | of soap and water, but for the unusual | animal in an enviable state of physi | Prenatal Care and Health Training Held Necessary to Child’s Education | which make for health may becom* regular and habitual.” The essentials for health as out lined by Dr. Rogers, are: Eating the right foods at the right time, sleep ing until fully refreshed and taking needed rest between times: breathing pure air: seeking the sunlight: vig orous use of body and mind: regular use of the toileL: kesplng. clean with- out. and keeping in good humor. He | discusses the conditions for sleep, tha | noon lunch. after-school tivities, the evening meal, evening occupation. n trition, exercises. dress, cleanline: | posture and the mind and health. ificult” Parents. There are many truly ‘difficult’ children,” he declares, “hut there are perhaps more difficult parents. Tt fe, moreover, the business of the parents to tr¢ 1o underStand tha child. and not of the child tn comprehend the parents. A strolling stranger who piped an appropriate and persuasive tune had more influence over both the rats and children of Hamelin than all the fuming aldermen and all the tretting parents of that citv.” “Tact,” he save, “should come he. tore talk. Talk about health or dis ease should be kept at a minimum Example speaks louder than words |and we need to set an exampls for lour children by our ewn practices of the few essentials which make for g00d health. Much of the difficulty of the feeding of children would not ex- 1st If it were not for the example set by adults.” The doctor stresses the fmportance of proper conditions for study in the home. He points out the advantafes to the parents themselves of taking Interest in the health studies treated |in the school text books of older chil- dren hy making a personal examina | tion of these books. He warns againet |the family superstitions and certain habits and customs. such as the | Many | | ' | closed-window habit, the tea or coffes | habit, the no-milk habit. the con- | densed-milk habit, the no-fruft habit, | the no-vegstable habit, the no-meat | habit, the fatalistic habit, which sees no use in attempting to remedy de fects or in trying to prevent measles, mumps, smalipox or any other disease. “Not the least objectionable,” Dr. Rogers says, “is the no-play habit, which_devalops in many peopla who |have forgolten that life is for living as well as for making money, for mo- ments of jov as well as for moneto- nous routine. Warns of Promiscuous Advice. “There is the patent-medicine habit, which costs the country about $200,0 000,000 a year. With this may be classed the habit of consulting a neighbor and taking the advice and adopting the practice of Mrs. Jone rather than of some one who can ex- amine the individual child, find out just what is wrong with him, and what treatment he needs.” The importance of sex education of the right sort at the right time is also emphasized by Dr. Rogers. He warns | against sending the child who is acute. ly ill to school and urges parents to be on guard fdt symptoms of disease “Not only will the recovery of the child be hastened by proper care at home,” he says, “but the total {liness in the achool will be reduced by such | 1solation.” Dr. Rogers points out also the ne- | cessity of looking after the welfare of the other child as well as our o= 57 determining whether the quality and quantity of health work conducted in | the school and in the community is of the best.