Evening Star Newspaper, September 26, 1926, Page 23

BET ON RACE HORSE ORIGIN OF MOVIES - Geological Survey Engineer Makes Experiment in 1873, . Which Develops New Art. One day in 1873 a group of Cali- fornia horse men got into a heated dispute. Some of them maintained that at one siage in a race all four hoofs of & trotting horse were off the ground. Others insisted that least éne * heof was on the track every second. With little prospect of setiling the Qispute one of them theught of a United tes gieological Survey enginecr, who was enzaged in a “ tapographic exploratipn of the coun- aroind San Frapeisco. This Englishman named Edward e, had a hobby pf animal photography and was a closa student of the habits of horses They made a het and went 1a Muvbridge to settle it. He gNdn't knew offhand, but promised towjin- vestizate. . The Englishman found that non of his photographs showed a horse with all four hoofs off the ground, But he was hy no means convineed. After considerable deliberation he contrived a scheme to photograph & centinuons record of a horse's prog- ress. This consisted of 24 cameras set in a line with strings from each stre(ched across the track. ‘These strings operated the shutters. Thus the horse took its own photograph. Ennabled to Settle the Bet. T'pen developing his plates Muy- bridge fronnd there were times when the horse's hoofs were all off the greund and thus he was enabled to race at seitle the het . Ard the day when the experiment was performed mayv vel rank among the grear davs in American history. Tt was the heginning of a new art. Tt was the foundation of one of the greatest industries in the United States. In time it has affected the ltves of nearly every man, woman and child in the Nation Muybridge had taken the fi ing picture. The English surveyor with a passion for photography new 18 known as the “grandfather of mov- ing pictures.” All of his early camers® and a great many of his early plates have been secured for the National Museum, where a collection showing each step in the progress of the moving picture from the old magic lantern days to the gilded cinema palaces of today s heing assembled In ce-operation with the Motion Picture Manufacturers’ and Distributors’ Assoclation. Wil H. Hays, former Postmaster General, wha is head of the association. is help- iIng assemble as much historical ma- terial as possible The collection is heing made under the supervision of A. J. Olmstead, head of the Division of Phetography, who has already secured a large amount of material, including early mow THE SUNDAY STXR, WASHINGTON, Ti_U, SEPTENEER Part of the moving pieture exhibltion at the National Museum with a of Fdward Muybridge, who is credited by some as being one of the fathers of the process which has developed one of the world's leading indus- tries. Muvbridge, culminating in the inven- tions ef C. Francls Jenkins of Wash- ingten and Thomas Edison which ractically placed the industry on the oting which it has today. Muybridge, Mr. Olmstead pointed obably had little idea of the picture when he started his But the ‘success of his experi- the motions of the race him the idea that better continuoud, plctures could be taken With more ,experimenting. He still was primarily interested in securing a better récom! of the movement of of its artistic and animals becaus e alue . He had no idea of 2 B\‘:s produced merely th H future of film dr: to amuse the publi\. - With the idea of xnaking such ex- periments the surveyRr went to Le- land Stanford, then GoWernor of Cali- fornia and an enthusia: race horse man. Stanford, himself interested only in the possible improgement of racing by knowing more e the movements of the hor: en- thusiastic and allowed Muybridge to set up a laboratory in his privaté pad docks. Here he carried on a seriex of experiments designed to obtain mare instantaneous exposures. Projects Screen Series. Finally he did reach the point where he ceuld project on a screen a series| . of pictures, which, after an observ had looked at them steadlly for @ few minutes, gave the impression of one continuous picture of a horse in mo- tion. This was long before the days of the film. Muybridge had to rely upon a succession of cameras, each taking a single photograph on a gla plate. A speed of 900 shots a minu is mot unusual in the motion picture of today. To have done this it would have been necessary for the inventor to have set up 900 cameras in a row with some connection which would serve to operate the shutters in rapid succession. But he had succeeded in enabling one pair of eyes to see as much as 24 could have sesn befors, and this was considered a great tri-] tes 4 for use in his painting. was received as a hero. for a time a Social lion and was looked upon everywhere as one of the great- est living inventors. to the U of a voung inventor named Thomas Edison, who_had recently invented a talking machine operated by a di that they work together with the idea of combining the two principles. son, however, was not interested. He invited e engineer to lecture in Paris. In the French capital, Muybridge He became FEdison Not Interested. After a Winter in Paris he returned ited States, where he heard @ went to Edison with the propo: F T Although, aooedm{hto Mr. Muybridge is the father of the picture, a very few ameng the mil- liona who enjoy the film dramas each day have ever heard the name of the man who started it all. Following Muybridge’s experiment with race horses the next great step was taken by Wallace Gould Levison, a Brooklyn scientist and amateur photographer, who with plates wper ated an a glass wheel was able in 1887 to take 12 plates in less than a second. Eastman Inventor of the Film. The next step was taken hy George Eastman, the camera manufacturer, who is oredited with the invention of the film. He had no idea of applying his invention to making meving plo tures, but merely gought to sim- plity photography. Muybridge called his invention the a00proxoscope. It was never intend- ed to use a continuous film. But with the zooproxoscope and the film both in existence the attention of twn men was attracted to the pos sibility of combininz them and pro- ducing a real motion picture. One of these was Thomas Edison. The other was C, Francis Jenkins of [ | Washington. Improvement of the various devices practichlly Lecame x race between these two and it is to them that the world owes the motion picture as it exists today. Besides an almost complete collec- tion of the material used by Muy- bridge the National Museum exhibit will contain a great deal of the early material of Mr, Jenkins' experiments which has been obtained from the in- ventor himself. The story of the meving picture is one of progress from very crude be- ginnings to a culmination of perfec- tion that is easily within the memory of the present generation. The exhibit 1 detail as nearly possible every step of this progr: ¥ = R i Wedding Veil Called Relic. The custom of using the wedding veil dates hack to antiquity and is considered a relic of the days when a canopy was spread to protect the ] |rmm- than the sommercial inventors |1 film, it must be remembered, still was far off and the celebrated inventor could see no future in throwing a suc- cession of plates on a screen. Pannsylvania—more in the scientific possibilities of his work than in the entertainment value. ord pf observations and set up oratory for the inventor. propriations were made for amounted in all to $40.000 Muybridge, however, was able to in- rest officials of the Tniversity of process to the point of taking a single picture in one-six thousandth of a sec- ond. One of his chief exploits was to picture the life movements of the in- terior organs of a dog which had been chloroformed and then cut open. To the end of his life he was the scientist They saw in it means of making a continuous rec- lab- The engineer finally perfected his TAKE A LEAF FROM THE EXPERIENCE bride from the gaze of the public. The Romans attached great impor- tance to the custem, There alse are many superstitions econneoted with the use of the veil. It is a much fol- lowed Furopean and American cus- tom to have a bride use a veil that was worn by a former bride whose married life had been happy. g Shoes of embossed leather or silk embossed designa are popular in Paris. 1926 PART Special Dispatch to The Star. GENEVA, September . 13. — The Amerie ly after airout for girls, may be “to bob or not to bob'” but in Europe it {8 “how to bob.” Europe today- 18 taking most of its fashion hints—as well as dance steps—from America. As the thou- sands of tourists, and others, pass through Geneva monthly, the local population, which is as_cosmopolitan as that of any city in Europe, num- bering among its 100,000 South Amert- cans, ans, Spanish, TItalians, dwellers of the Balkans, Russians and Orientals—they leave a trail of “Americanisms.” The Charleston (pronounced with a Parisien shar-lestoon) has become the rage, terpischorally speaking, and has graduated into a vielgnt my, done on a space the size of a dime, {and from the waistline down. The | American “boyish bob” has passed | into the “Hindenburg crop.” a semi- urope Adopts Most of American Fads, Stressing Boyish Hairout for Girls pomm olip after the fashion of the ex-war lord President. But the halvout that has them was brought from New by the American dancer, Vivian Mocine. She calls it the “bias bob™ and no barber in Switserland has been able to reproduce it. i Mocine says she has her private bar- ber on dolls—after which she will let him touch her abbreviated locks. Many an aspiring' damsel in Geneva and other European cities has gone into retirement after harrowing ex- periencea with the frantio coiffeur, who tried to imitate the elusive lines of the new style. The Hindenburg crop is doomed to short popularity—its isefulness pass- ing with the Summer bathing seasan. But many a miss will be forced to wear a ‘“transformation” in the in- terval, unless the barbers get the habit. Which the temperamental DEAD IN PARAGUAY NOW 198; 300 HURT More: Victims of Hurricang May Still Be Buried in Debris. By the Assoclated Press. ASCUNCION, Pareguay, Septembes .—The toll of dead in Monday's hurricans at Encarnacion has reached 108, according to lafest adwices re- ceived here. The injured mow mume ber 300, of whom 1% are inwerious ocondition. The debris has not yet been cpm- plstely .removed. and it i belleved coiffeurs say they never will. LEAGUE ASSEMBLY URGES ‘LOCARNO’ PACTS FOR ALL Such Treaties Help Meet Greatest Need—for Mutual Confidence—a Resolution States. By the Associated Press. GENEVA, September League of Nations Assembl. olution today declared every nation should adopt the fundamental ideas of the Locarno treaties of con- clliation and tration. The League Council was requested to tender fits good offices to all States desiring to oconclude conventions of that char- acter. ‘The most urgent need,of the pres- ent epoch, the assambly resolution said, is the re-establishment of mutual confidence among nations. The world is happily finding this need voiced in the constantly increasi: number of treaties of conciliation and arbitration, it allded, including those of Locarno, which are calculated to insure peace “in the most sensitive regions of ‘Europs,” by bringing into play arbi- tration and guarantees against un- provoked aggression 8.50 Boys’ 4-Piece Saits ! with. double-breast ed coats. vests jand “one long and ons _she pants. = S 2 THIS sUIT WITH EXTRA PAIR LONG PANTS 1.50 Boys’ Hats to Match Dresses of cellent quatity FinE- strai that many victims may be buried in the ruins. Qurvivors are paying tribute te tha herolo action of the first engl neer of the Encarnacion power who met death while outting electric power quring the t the storm. His action is 10 have prevented the possibility of the entire city being destroyed by fire. Two bank bulldings partly collapesd during the hurricans, but all valu ables have been removed. 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