Evening Star Newspaper, August 1, 1926, Page 47

" NATIONAL PARKS’ VALUE . IN EDUCATION STRESSED Public to Learn Geology, Plant and Natural Life, as Well as Enjoy Wonderful Scenic Beauty. BY HAROLD K. PHILIPS. HE national parks, America's matchless collection of the Master Artist's finest original masterpieces, are about to as- sume a higher status in the scheme of civilizing progress which, it is confidently believed, will protect them forever from the encroaching dangers of commercialization and in- sidious political influences. Set aside originally as priceless ex- emples of the primitive American wilderness, where tired men and women might go and find new life and hope in vigorous outdoor recre- ation amid natural”beauty, they are now being made ready to impart to the traveler at the same time the store of knowledge that has been locked up In their rocks and ancient forests since time began. In thus inheriting their ultimate destiny and becoming great outdoor universities, however, the national parks are to surrender none of their recreational ideals. Their vocation as the playgrounds the Nation is not to be subordina#® to the newer edu- cative program. Rather, the educa- tive possibilities they possess will of- fer a new and more thrilling form of recreation to increase those already established. Nature Guide Program. There are several reasons for thus ‘bringing these beautiful playgrounds to their highest ideal. The thought first found seed in the mind of Stephen T. Mather, director of the National Park Service, back in 1920, when he established a nature guide service in the Yosemite. Since then this service has been extended to other parks, and now a program is being completed to make all of the parks mighty universities where the only requirements for matriculation ere a genuine desire for knowledge. This program has come to the front And in the forésts his trained eye finds the story of life’s cycle going end- lessly on, just as it did in the days when the record .of the rocks was first begun. Mental and Physical Sides. Now the Natlonal Parks Service plans to interpret these thrilling stories of the most. ancient history in the world into a language that the layman may read. As Dr. Work de- scribes it: “Both mental and physical recreation will thus be associated.” The tourist visiting & national park ay no longer leave with nothing oy impression of the stenic beauty he has seen; he will know how they came into being and will have seen wonders that he never before knew existed. For instance, In the Rocky Moun- tain National Park he will see the rising of the second Rocky Mountains upon the eroded remains of the first; in Crater Lake National Park he will have a wonderful example to study the formation of a volcano; in Hawali he may see living volcanoes risen from the sea in the process of building up an island, and in the Yellowstone he may view a volecanic chain in the throes of death. Or in Glacier Na- tional Park he may read the most dramatic story in the whole range of geologic history—the bursting of next to the oldest geologic strata known from its grave, to become a mighty mountain range. Scientists and educators every- where have lent their support to the educative possibilities of the natlonal parks, and at a recent meeting in the Interior Department, when the ques- * The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following 1s a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended July 31: The British Empire.—It sounds rather flat -to say.that, though the sltuation resultant from the British coal strike is very bad, it might be a great deal worse, but the dispatches do not perinit a more precise state- ment. The plants of the heavy in- dustries are closing down in rapld suc- cession, and some predict complete suspension in that category ere long. But the lghter industries, "¥ith a meager supply of expensive fuel, man- age to maintain a reduced production. A sort of equilibrium at a ¥ level has been reached, the. total of unemployed changing little. ©On account of the Canadian general elections, the opening of the imperial conference has been postponed to Oc- tober 19. * k% % France.—On July 27 the new Poin- care government appeared before the Chamber, and after reading of the ministerial declaration, received a vote of confidence, 358 to 131; the opposi- tion being practically confined to uni- fied Socialists and Communists. Poin- care submitted a fiscal bill which the Chamber at once referred to its finance commission. The latter made some trifling amendments, ‘which Poincare accepted, and reported it out with approval on the 20th, and the Chamber debate thereon began yes- terday. The ministerial declaration was very general. Its burden was the sal- vation of France by a grand co-opera- tive effort of all Frenchmen without foreign assistance. The first and most important thing to be achieved is an assured, steady, never-failing surplus of revenue over expenditures, sufficlent beyond other needs to feed a moderate sinking fund for redemp- tion was discussed of making these priceless possessions available, Dr. John C. Merriam, president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, had the following to say. It has since been declared by leaders in the new movement to express clearly the rapidly in the last two years, how- ever, because of the constantly grow- ing pressure being brought to bear in Congress to open up the primeval for- ests of the national parks for grazing purposes and to permit engineers to dam up the many beautiful waterfalls to provide more power for thé wheels of industry out in the new world be- Yond their borders. Such a policy would, of course, be + ruinous to the entire national parks system. Whatever compensation It might bring to a comparatively small group of industrial and agricultural interests would be smothered under the tremendous loss of the last few untoucked examples of the original American wilderness. The hand of man has civilized all else; only these remain to give posterity living ex- hibits of life as it was in the begin- & ning. New Policy tor Parks. Friends of the national parks have ‘come to realize more and more in the last five years that the parks policy would soon have to ve stated anew, giving these beautiful reservations something more substantial than val- uation as places of recreation and beauty. With the rapid development of the State parks program of the varfous commonwealths, outdoor re- creational facilities are being in- creased tremendously, without re- tourse to the national parks. Their loveliness alone would not long save them from commerctal development. So, faced with this problem, Sec- getary of the Interior Work, Mr. Mather and a group of men who have devoted their lives to the preserva- tion of these natural oases in the desert of industriallsm and_civilizing influences, met here in Washington a few months ago and began shaping a new national parks policy. To some few sections, that policy will not prove welcome, but it is regarded as offer- ing permanent salvation to the na- tlonal parks. The existing national parks must stand the test of revaluation. A na- tlonal park to hold its place in this mational picture gallery must be an outstanding example of the -original wilderness of which it is the sold re- maining exhibit. Its topography must be truly representative of the section in which it lies, and its flora must have an abundance of the species in- digenous to that section. Even in size, it must meet a new and more severe standard. May Become State Parks. Under such a revaluation program, it is probable that most of the so- called monuments now protected and .pperated by the Federal Government will be turned back to the States for future development. At least two ex- isting national parks undoubtedly be converted into State parks. Whether any other areas will re- wert back to the States or be returned to he public doman for commercial de- velopment remains to be decided by the forthcoming survey. It is generally admitted that one or two of the Western national parks e 50 close that they constitute twin examples of the same geographical ., section. If the impending program is interpreted literally, it is likely that one of these areas must be removed from the National Parks Service, since any area to be a national park must hereafter be an outstanding ex- hibit of the country and life as they existed in primitive times. Into such a program, officials have stated, both the newly created Shen- endoah National Park and the Great Smoky Mountain National Park will fit {deally. The Shenandoah National Park is an amazing example of the Southern Appalachian Mountains as they were before man made them his conquest. All of the original flora and much of the fauna still runs wild over peaks that are exceptional ex- amples of the entire mountain Eystem. Great Smoky Different. * . On the other hand, the Great Bmoky Mountain National Park is representative of an entirely different mountain development, though only ebout 500 miles from the Shenandoah Park. Both areas were selected by a committee that was fully informed as to the impending changes in the -na- tional parks policy. In fact, the choice of the Shenandoah area first resulted largely from the stipulation that the first park must be an out- standing example of the topography and life of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. The Great Smoky area was so entirely different that it was regarded as being representative of an entirely different geographical up- heaval. . Once the national parks system has thus been raised to this idealistic plane of perfection, the service will then set out to make the story of the creation and evolution of these highly selected areas available to all who wish to know it. Where the average laymen may Baze upon a pitching mountain chain and marvel at its majesty, or tremble awestruck on the brink of a dizzy canyon and find beauty in the things he beholds, the scientist gazes upon the same scene and sees not only the physical gran- deur, but reads in it the even lovelier ”E of creation. rocks trained eyes see in the very upon which he stands the trac- ings left thers by the Creator in ages |the « too distant to. be reckoned, he reads the records of time, layer upon layer, coming ‘up out of the primeval past. (o - intent of the new policy: Educational Value Stated. “The national parks are commonly considered essentlally designed for recreation, and this must of course be one of their major functions. But as 1 have given more than 40 years to Study of special problems such as the parks interpret, and have lived 30 of those years among the parks, I have some confidence in saying that for regularly established formal educa- tional institution. “Among the most important fea- tures are those which concern the na- ture of the edrth—the manner of its building, the forces which have come into play, the meaning of the almost limitless history of earth-making as it is pictured before us. ‘David said, in viewing the works of nature, “The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth his handl- work.” This work of the Creator's hand presents itself here in such a way that all may comprehend. ““With all that has been done by geologists and other scientific men, by central administration of the Gov- ernment and by officials concerned with the immediate administration of national parks, we have only begun to convey the really great lessons to the muiltitude. Science needs itself to know more fully what the story is, and then simplification and clarifica- tion- must help to carry the great es- sentials over, so that the casual vis- itor may read and may interpret with- out depending upon the word of another. Faculty to Be Chosen. “To attain such clearness of expres- slon is to stand upon the highest plane of education. For many ob- jectives this level can nowhere be reached so easily as in the national parks. There are not in America other places where for these purposes comparable possiblities for effective adult education concerning nature can be found, with the grandest prod- ucts of creation themselves as teach- ers. For utilization of this opportunity we need support adequate to prepare for most effective use. In such a superuniversity professors would be only guides and not instructors, but there should be a faculty chosen from leaders in thought and appreciation, a group of men who, standing in the vivid presence of the Creator, would serve to point out the road. ““While the national parks serve in an important sense as recreation areas, their primary uses extend far into that more fundamental education which is real appreciation of nature. Here beauty in its truest sense re- ceives expression and exerts its in- fluence along with recreation and formal education. To me the parks are not merely places to rest and ex- ercise and learn. They are regions where one looks through the veil to meet what we now recognize as the realities of nature. “I cannot say what worship really is—nor am T sure that others will do better, but often in the parks, I re- member Bryant’s lines, ‘Oh, why should we, in the world’s riper years, neglect God's ancient sanctuaries, and adore only among the crowd, and under roofs that our frail hands have raised”” National parks represent op- portunites for worship in which one comes to understand more fully cer- tain of the attributes of nature and its Creator. They are not objects to be worshiped, but they are altars over which we may worship. “Today one of the questions of most critical importance in consideration of national park policy concerns what is known as ‘complete conservation’ or protection with all natural features unimpaired. In my- judgment, not alone recreation as commonly inter- preted—not even - education in its routine aspect—can guarantee un. broken maintenance of primitive con- ditions in national parks if great eco- nomic resources are involved, since both recreation and education have been made to _operate along with eco- nomic use. But a function of such importance as to insure complete protection is, I belleve, given in abundant measure through higher educational and spiritual values, which offer the greatest and most noble uses which any possession may (be put.” Japanese Ignore Ban On School Speeches To the astonishment and distavor| of the principals of the Japanese gov- ernment high schools at their national conference recently, Minister of Edu- cation ‘Okada isued instructions pro- hibiting all iInterschool speechmaking and forbidding students to form any kind of reading or scientific research soclety, read or study anything deal- ing with social or socialistic. thoughts or to make speeches outside their schools on subjects given by the pro- fessor. - It seems that the mini was led to_concede the enforce- SR oF smcallte thoughts” e * or 0 s volved. public pays little atten- tion to ’s policy. His instruc- tions have roused resentment. !mdom pro- socleties in have formed a students’ tection league. of the public debt. The opera- ::z:! should be of the simplest, all ideologic panaceas and devices to b; eschewed. No capital levy, nor force: loan, no moratorium, for the present at least, no consolidation. Above all, no ‘nfla(hm. Though already France bears a heavier burden of taxation than any other gountry, a heavy in- crease of taxation 18 demanded, mostly indirect, for prompt yield. At the same time the income tax sched- ules must be amended, so as at once to make the incidence fairer and to “increase thipnr(iclp-uon of acquired wealth,” which is acquiescent thereto. “We do not pretend to solve in sev- eral weeks, not even several ‘months, the totality of the economic and finfln]- cial problems, which almost universal uneasiness has created. The essential thing is to get started quickly and to continue without deviation. Poincare is cl of words.“ He says nothing of “stabilization” of “revalorization,” bridges to be crossed when reached. “Confidence” is the only word he repeats. With restora- tion of public confidence the day will be saved. The reference in the decla- ration to the debt agreements is of the vaguest, but Poincare has since declared that he will not ask for Parliamentary action on the debt agreement until Parliament returns from its vacation, in October. The declaration is silent as to foreign credits or loans. Of course American credits are outside the picture, but it is understood that Calllaux re- celved offers from Amsterdam and London of adequate credits uncon- ditional upon ratification of the debt agreements, and _that these offers have been renewed to Poincare, It is evident that Poincare would fain fll!’genl. with such help, and will make every effort to do so, but he probably did not rple out of his cal culations the ility of recourse thereto. As I observed, the founda- tion of Poincare’s program is confl- dence, and that confldence will lack genuineness in the measure that for- els\ help is substituted for self help. bviously a magnificent program, but is'it feasible? Will the response to the challenge to national pride be adequate? Confidence would be most helpfully shown by renewal of treas- ury bends, by return of expatriated gold, nd by immediate payment of 1926 [ ncome taxes. The treasury obligations to be met in August are considerable, and the treasury funds on hand meager. The psychological effect of even a small further infla- tion, after such preliminaries, might be fatal. Poincare’s flscal bill sets forth de- talls of the new taxation proposed. It would allow the government to proceed by decree in respect of ad- ministrative economies and (within limits stated) in respect of adjusting certain tax rates. Presumably, Poincare expects some such evolution as the following: Important revival of confidence in proud response to his challenge, relief of pressure on the Treasury for bond redemption and a quick substantial flow of income—tax pay- ments—inflation thus avolded, prices brought into step with franc quota tion and access of cooler confidence, gradual - steady appreciation of the franc, stabilization of the franc, normal confidence. ‘This point reached the debt agree- ment may be considered equani- mously. 1 repeat, a magnificent program, and add, with a fighting chance ot success. The behaviour- of the franc during the past week seems to reflect an attitude of “watchful waiting,” upon the reception of Poincare’'s program. On Friday the 23d {ts quotation was 2.34% cents on New York Exchange. On-the 26th it rose to 2.57 At closing on the 30th it stood at 2.33. (It stood at 2.09 when Poincare was designated for premier). Considerable Frenchr military suc- cesses in Syria are reported. * % %k X \ Arabia.—The following 1s not easy reading; but the matter dealt with im- portantly affects the entire brother- hood of Islam, that is, a very consid- erable part of the human race. In view of what happened during the previous period of the Wahhabite supremacy in Arabia, it was generally apprehended that success of the new Wahhabite movement would mean ruin to the haj or pilgrimage to the sacred places of the Hejaz (Mecca, Medina, etc.): the most important in- stitution of Islam. The first. Wahhabite movement be- gan in 1742, when Mahommed Tbn Saud, Shetk of Deraiya in Nejd, ac- cepted the doctrines of Abdul Wahhab and proceeded (adopting the title of Emir of Nejd) to enforce them by the sword. The movement was ended in 1818 by the victories of that able cor r, Ibrahim Pasha, son of Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt (acting under his father for the Sultan-Caliph), over Abdallah the Nejd Emir, the Turkish Sultan-Caliph (himself fully occupled with affairs in Europe) hav- ing called on his great Vassal of. Egypt to undertake the job of sup- pression. Abdul Wahhab (dled 1791) preached return to the primitive form of Islam; “Back to the Koran” was (and is) the slogan of the Wahhabis. He de- nounced the pilgrimage to the “sa- cred places” as idolatry. He likewise prohibited every sort of luxury, including wine, tobacco and finery in dress. Pursuant to his in- Junctions, the pilgrim-caravans wore attacked and the , hajis - (pilgrims) murdered, and the tombs of the Saint: were destroyed and their treasares made booty of. In 1810 the tomb of Mahomet himself was desecrated. All of Islam cried out in protest with the result noted. But it seems that the apprehen- sions of Islam upon the account of the HaJ when the Wahhabis broke loose again from their oases the other day were not justified. Quite the con- trary. The Wahhabite attitude toward the haj has changed. One of the chief reasons given by the present Sultan of Nejd fqr his invasion of the Hejaz was the failure of King Hussein to furnish security to Wahhabite pil- grims to Mecca. The Wahhabites are now es zealous for the Mecca pilgrim- age as any other Moslems; they do not consider it a duty to visit the other sacred places, but they consider it the duty of the ruler of the Hejaz to pro- tect the pilgrims to all the sacred places. There is no doubt that old Husseln, despite professions of utmost plety, egregiously failed to perform that duty. 4 01d Abdul Wahhab was, to be sure, a pestilent fanatic, but he had, one may say, the virtues of his defects. He enjoined settled government and strict administration of justice. The new sultdn is obeying this injunc- tion. A genuine spirit of Arabian nationality notably developed under the first Wahhabite ascendancy. If the new movement should maintain and consolidate itself that spirit should reassert itself in far greater vigor than before. That previous movement, a far ruder affair, with- out the intelligent organization of the present one, had mighty puritanical repuroussions in North Africa, in India, throughout the world of Islam. No doubt the new movement will ultimately subside, but ere its sub- sidence it may have produced mighty effects. That was a shrewd stroke of the Sultan of Nejd to proclaim himself champion of the haj, the chief binding force of Islam. gl e Mexico.—The extremely interesting conflict between state and church in Mexico challenges world attention. The church’s “partial interdict” went into effect at midnight Friday, this being the Roman Catholic Church's answer to the government's regula- tions respecting the church, pursuant to the constitution of 1917, which be- came effective at the same moment. The interdict suspends church serv- ices. The League for Defense of Religious Liberty is attempting to bring the government to its knees by an_‘“economic boycott.” The Assoclated Press summarizes the government regulations as fol- lows: . No foreign ministers of any re- ligion may function in Mexico. Church ownership of property is forbidden and all such property re- verts to the state. Religious instruction in schools is forbidden. Religlous orders, convents and monasteries are forbidden. Priests and ministers are forbidden to participate in politics, to ecriticize the government, to criticize or oppose the constitution, the laws or the acts of the government, and to incite others to such criticlsm or opposi- tion. Outdook religlous ceremonials and the wearing by priests of their re. ligious robes outside of the churches or residences are forbidden. Periodicals of a religious nature are forbidden to comment upon the gov- ernment’s acts or to print news con- cerning them. Punishments may range from a fine of 500 pesos or 15 days' imprison- ment, or both, up to six years' im- prisonment, or “additional punish- ment” as the court may determine. * ok ok ok United States of America.—Robert Todd Lincoln, son of the President and last to survive the President's family, is dead at 83. He had a dis- tinguished career. He was Secretary of War for four years under Presi- dents Garfleld and Arthur and our Minister to Great Britain for four years under President Harrison. He was successful in the practice of.the law and in business, was for some time president of the Pullman Co. He inherited in some degree his father's talent for anecdote, and though he did not at all resemble his father in appearance, it is said that his voice was remarkably like the great Presi- dent’s. Texas gets the largest of the cur- rent Federal appropriation for high- ways, New York being second. A Federal appropriation for highways.in a State must be matched by a some- what larger State appropriation—46 to 55 Is the ratio. A truly national system of highways covering the en- tire country is being created. * ok ok Miscellaneous—Because ‘of the very close Interlocking of French and Bel- glan interests the French and Belgian authorities are concerting their fiscal and financial plans. Definite improve- ment of the Belgian situation under the royal dictatorship would seem to be indicated by the following: On July 17 the Belgian franc stood at the equivalent of 2.17 cents on New York Exchance. 03" July 30 its closing quotation was Spain plans great hydroelectric de- velopments on the Duoro and a great irrigation system along that stream. Germany is taking the most pro- found interest in the French develop- ments. She is perturbed lest the movement toward Franco-German economic cooperation be serfously in- terrupted. Germany, it seems, had confidently expected consummation by September of a Franco-German com- mercial treaty on the most-favored na- tion principle. 7 The 2,000,000 members of the re- actionary semi-military societies of Germany having armed themselves with .22-caliber rifles, the Reichsban- ner (the voluntary Association of Three Million Champions of the Re- public). proposes to follow suit. Recent dispatches offer a new slant on Pilsudski; would persuade us that the old warrior s not down and out, as we had been led to understand, but, on the contrary, has been playing his cards with the utimost astuteness and has substantially realized his program. Of this more hereafter, should con- firming_intelligence arrive. The Peking international conference on Chinese customs has been adjourn- ed to Autumn. MORE FRIENDLY INTEREST URGED|REVIVAL OF GERMAN BUSINESS TO UNDERSTAND LATIN AMERICANS| NOW ATTRACTING U. S. CAPITAL Cultural Origins, Varied Traits and Potentialities Up- held in Plea Against Our Prejudice for 20 Southern Republics. BY DR. GLEN LEVIN SWIGGETT, Chatrman, National Council on Foreign Servics Training. The industrial-welfare.of the United States, for the present at least, Is dependent upon the easy and natural exchange and flow of capital Into Latin America. But unfortunately through the developing technique of American business we have been con- firmed in the habit of thinking of this vast region to the south of us as an entity. The more practical imagi- ‘nation of the business man is accus- tomed to annihilate space for eco- nomic ends, and to him all countries present a common front and common problems in his plans for trade ex- pansion. For business purposes the Argentine and Chile are no farther away than Cuba and Mexico. Accord- ingly we have in our economic ap- proach created political situations that have embarrassed our foreign policy on more than one occasion. We should do better to remember that politically this continent and sub- continent, loosely labeled Latin Amer- ica, comprises 20 republics, 18 of which are governed by men in whose veins flows the blood of Spanish emigres ang !vph.?-e peoples speak the language of n. The recent aspiration of important individuals and groups in many of these countries for some kind of an Hispanic-American league, the pur- pose of which we misunderstand and quite frankly condemn, should recall vividly to our mind how deep and last- ing in Latin American culture is this Spanish note or strain, For this as- piration is by no means wholly an expression of {ll-will for the “colossus of the North,” a groping after some type of institution to eerve as a fofl or counter-balance to a real or im- agined political dominance by the United States in the Pan-American Union, but is rather in large part a manifestation of that larger racial patriotism of whch history affords so many examples in the development of nations. It_is therefore high time that we as_North Americans, in both our public and private relations Wwith these people, recognize and consider their cultural origins. It will save us from many a blunder and will often enable ‘us to explain the apparent contradition ' in * conduct of . Latin Americans of our acquaintance and knowledge. Vasconcelos, for ex- ample, minister of education under Obregon, unconsciously perhaps, but tenaciously cherishing the Spanish sources of Latin n culture, has in his writings frequently criti- policy or attitude States in Latin America. this cultured and soclally Latin American plainly shows in his recent lectures at ‘the University of example repeats itself. surely be that his fear, as well as that of the large group of Latin Americans who' think with - him, “of bringing otherwise welcome gifts of sanitation. public works, economic progress, 8o- clal and political well-being from the North, is the fear that the encroach- ing material culture will eventually ipe away the traditional culture o dear to them. And it ) willing and co-operative acceptance by these countries of the policy on which we base our relations with them. Prudence at least counsels on our part the largest measure of intelli- gent friendly interest and better un- derstanding of the Latin American. And to understand the Latin Ameri- can it will be necessary that more of us, particularly our men of the for- elgn service, our foreign traders, our molders of public opinion, enjoy in fact those sources from which proceed his culture. The task will not be easy. As one of the English-speaking nations we really have never understood, there- fore, naturally never enjoyed, Tberian arts and letters. The marvelous poetry and matchless prose of the Peninsula have never moved our peo- ple. Its wonderful Catholic art has had no profound popular appeal to our Protestant mind. That does not mean that we are not to make the attempt of understand- ing. As a nation we have never been better prepared. Whereas only 10 years ago less than one-half of 1 per cent of our secondary-school students were studying Spanish, over 20 per cent are today engaged in its study. It may be necessary, it is true, to modify somewhat the present purpose of this study, but consciously directed our nation has in this ever-increas- ing body of students an incomparable army for private and public service, capable of finer and more permanent contacts in Latin America through more intelligent understanding of its cultural traditions. Nor perhaps was the need ever greater; at least appar- ent need. For if Pan-Americanism means the tacit and willing accep- tance of United States leadership in matters of paramount Pan-American interest, a leadership for the admit- tedly common good of the Western Hemisphere, then Pan-American ac- cord based on this leadership is not as spontaneous, not as dependable, as it has been in the past. (Copyright. 1026.) Frigate Constellation Saved Hawaii for U. S. Constellation, the old frigate repre: senting Hawall at the Susquicen- tennial Exposition in Philadelphia, has a noteworthy histary. On July 7, 1843, the sister ship of the famous Constitu- tion, commanded by, a sturdy seaman and doughty fighting man, Commodore Kearney, arrived in Honolulu Harbor, Kearney found the island ‘monarchy bent under a crushing blow. A blus. tering British naval officer, Admiral Lord George Paulet, had seized the island in February. i Paulet pulled down the King's Ha- g e, e ion the Constaia: s en the Constella- tion arrived there were no Hawalian flags to be found, and Paulet was ruling the island ostensibly for the British government. Kearney sizec up the situation and on July 11 found a way effectively to protest against Paulet’s act without openly clashing , invited his ship Varie!y.of Industries Locating Plants Abroad. Stocks of Better Known Kind Finding American Buyers—Commercial Attache’s Work Is Praised. BY WILL P. KENNEDY. American manufacturers interested in foreign trade are much: impressed by the healthy prospects for in- creased American business in Ger- many. The bottom of business de- pression in Germany was reached at the end of the Winter and business conditions there are improving rapid- ly, according to confidential advices from American trade experts who have been making an intensive study. This gradual revival of production and trade is accompanied by increas- ing interest on the part of American firms. Many American enterprises are being established in Germany. Among these is the new plant of the Ford Motor Co. in Berlin, which eventually will have a capacity of 100 cars a day. This, by the way, is about the .total number of automo- biles produced dally by .all German factories in 1925. The Budd Co. of Philadelphia is also erecting a body-building pilant with a capacity of 200 automobile bodies daily. These will be stamped out of cold sheet metal, as is done in the United States. Large presses for this operation will be shipped to Ger- many from the United States. Movies Going Abroad. Arother industry which is attract- ing American capital {s motion pic- tures. Germany has a censorship sys- tem which provides that one, film must be prese; for censorship for every foreis film. This was done because of the superiority and great popularity of American fllms which threatened to engulf the Ger- man industry. The German system has forced Anierican companies to enter production in Germany or to make arrangements with German producers in order to obtain local pictures which are balanced against imports from the United States. Fa- mous-Players, Metro-Goldwyn, First National, United Artists, Universal, Fox and Warner Brothers recently have made arrangements of this kind. Most German fllms which will be produced in the coming year will be made for these American companies. Willlam Wrigley has established factory in Frankfort-on-Main for the production of chewing. gum. Libby, MgcNelll & Libby are arranging for the erection of a German plant which will pack many kinds of canned goods. The Worthington Pump Co. s planning an_extension of its present plant near Berlin. Other American companies which have large manu- facturing units in Germany are the International Harvester Co., Singer Sewing Ma: Co.. and - National R chief a_ctl;:t‘!md ‘American banks in Germany. been the flotation of long-term loams. It is estimated that the German govern- ment, municipalities and private or- ganizations have borrowed about $900,- 000,000 in the past two and one-half years and most of this money went over there from the United States. ' German Stocks Attractive. the Stock Exchange. A recent feature of the stock market has been the higher pric commanded by stocks in this country in comparison with stocks not known in the United States. Sales of American goods to Ger- many continue to lead all other im- ports. year Germany pur- chased American goods valued at 2, 661,000,000 marke, while selling to the United States goods valued at 603,- 000,000 marks. Imports' from the United States were 191 per cent of total German imports or about two and one-half times as much.as from any other country. Germany is the third most Iimportant buyer ~for American merchandise. Tourists and tnvole'l: mG:ha United States are now_visiting - Germa. reast; n“Fh:”:h ny in inc ng lue in dollars and cents of the foreign offices of the Department of Commerce is shown impressively in the German trade situation. The de- partment has a commercial attache in Berlin, and his office has been very active in promoting American exports in the present fiscal year. This office 18" credited with having brought about the sale of at least $10,000,000 worth of American goods to Germany. Im- port licenses covering more than $2,- 000,000 worth of this total were ob- tained by the intervention of the office. Work 18 Improving. Some of the achievements of this office are reported as follows: Acting in obtaining abolition of im- port restrictions on American auto- mobiles. helped bring about sale of American door-closing equipment for Berlin subway and elevated cars, all of which will be so equipped at a total cost of more than $1,00,00; was responsible for the sale of six canning plants for peas to a German firm; has found new lines of business in Germany for American companies —one German firm, for example, now imports 7,000,000 zinc cups a month for electric batteries, while another has developed {nto an important purchaser of American leather hat bands—and located 240 responsible ‘German firms desirous of making ad- ditional purchases of American goods of many kinds. Curious Church Part Of South London Depot used by impatient travelers waiting for their trains; funeral services are read in it and a marriage has been solemnized. This church has been in existence for about six years. One end of the former waiting room has been transformed by an altar painted white and surrounded by the seven colors of the rainbuw. Seven steps lead up to the altar, and at the side are two pillars ‘representing beauty nd is done by Since last Autumn, American {nvest. | dove ors have been bu shares in ‘most stable corporations. Ber in_support of mas e onsinie. for a marked revival of TOURISTS OF 1926 FIND 'BIG ROAD IMPROVEMENT Changes Perceptible in Nearly Every 3 1 24T City and Hamlet Traversed BY WILLIAM ULLMAN. Automobile Editor The. Star. ‘With the 1926 motor touring season in full swing, it is possible for even the casual observer to note the vast changes which have taken place in communities, sections, attitudes, per- sonalities and a score of other phases since the national good roads cam- aulf'n has been bearing ripe and julcy uit. In no other year since the automo- bile was in the experimental stage has all this been so pronounced, because never before have America's roads been in the condition which the mo- tor tourist now finds them. These changes, some of them clearly and definitely seen, some of them felt as & surging undercurrent and some of them barely hinted, now stand out in the greatest relief; and the importance of it all comes home as never before. | As Rome felt at the time when its roads were most perfect and most comprehensive, and when tHat state had reason to belleve the future would hold much more in the way of strad dling highways, so_America now has the right ta feel. Thousands of miles of perfect roads reach firm and slen. der arms through prosperous towns. through busy villages, through rolling prairies, through mountain wilder- nesses and through trackless deserts— and the'end is not yet. Much More in Sight. The end is not yet—not by many more miles of highways, the last more perfect than its predecessor—not by tens of thousands of miles of gleaming roads which will, in the not distant future, plerce hamlets now sleeping beside dustladen, rut-ridden lanes; will push through mountain passes now somnolent and echoing only the tumble of stream or the hoot of owl; will .connect fertile lands with pros- perous markets; will tie the whole of the Nation in one strong and indis: !;Jluble chain of transportation facili- tles. What this 1926 touring season briflgs forth so graphically is that while American roads are now at thelr highest point of perfection, that while they are being utilized at this time to a far more important degree than ever previously, the future, and the rela- tively near future, will far eclipse that which at this moment is con- sidered so astonishing, so marvelous, so significant. ‘The United States really is just be- ginning to swing into its road-building stride. A start of magnificent propor- tions has been made, a grand network of highways has been cast out over the country, and from this point for- ward perfection of detail will come: detail which bids fair to rival in im- portance the work already accom- plished. Capital is Center. Looking out over the Nation from a point of vantage at Washington, the hub and heart of so much good roads interest, the careful observer can note indications of the signifi- cance of what is to come and can, in no uncertain manner, feel the pulse- beat of the great body of achievement which lies immediately bevond this turn, can visualize the truly thrilling sweep of the movement which is to be the next era in the development of America’'s highways. Tdealists fear that the coming of good roads into the most remote sec- tions of the Nation will mean de- struction of its quaint, charming, beautiful and undeflled spots wherein primal Nature now holds full sway. European Financial by Autoists. * ‘Thers is some fesling that putting) good roads in every corner and crev-. ice of the country—a thing which. eventually will come about—presages more complete industrialization per- haps, more of the hard, cold and solid factors of life, removing forever the rural outposts or stripping them of that which always has made them singularly attractive. Such fears, it seems, find no basis in fact. America never will lack fits hidden spots of beauty, never the call of birds nor the fragrance of climbing wild roses, never the tucked-away and individual corners which beckon so al- luringly. Good roads cannot, will not, desire not, to kill the charm of quiet villages, the picturesqueness of an- cient and weather-beaten houses, the many things redolent of the past which even a hurried twentieth cen- tury takes time to revel in. Good roads make it possible for a greater number to bask in the shadows of the past, in nature, in the lore of hamlets and countryside, while at the same, time they insure the economic prog ress of the Nation as a whole. Much Work to be Dome. A hurrled glance at a detailed road map of the United States well might” give the impression that the country soon must reach an impasse in high- way construction; that there are no more points to be connected, but few counties to be cared for, only iso- lated and unmiportant spots in need of links. But a more careful study will re- veal that while a tremendous amount of work has been done, a wast amount still is in abeyance. Those who know roads and road conditions are aware that every State still has some stretches in dire need of im- provement; that whole States are rather notorious for their relative lack of modern and comprehensive highways, and that in every part of the country highway engineers have their work cut out for them over a considerable period. The greatest and most favorable factor in the whole situation s that while America has, in the past, con- tributed millions toward the con- struction of highways, and while it 1s now viewing with pride a work well done, it is not content to rest on fts laprels, but desires above all else to go forward with the program it has set down. Actualities Are Demanded. America has had an ideal in road building and it is commendable that that ideal is ever before it. And still more commendable is the fact that America has not been content with an ideal alone—it has demanded actu- alities based on its ideal—is demand- ing actualities—surely will continue to do s It has been said that am- bition {s laudable, but still more Jaudable is the will and the power to translate ambition into constructive action. If the 1926 touring season, with its hundreds of thousands of motorists from every division of the land swarming back and forth over Amer- fcan roads from north to south and from east to west, pushing over main highways and into littletrav-. eled passages, in the back country and along the seaboard, does nothing else it will demonstrate to all who are to see the encompassing poten- tialities of the road-building program., the changes which already have been wrought, and will give a strik- ing indication of that which the vears hold in store. Debacle Is Seen Unless U. S. Intervenes, as in 1917 (Continued from First Page.) fact that little or no effort has been made by Washington to explain the facts of the European situation to the country. » Appeal for Private Loans. Perhaps before this article is printed a direct appeal will be made to the United States Government to permit private capital to go to the aid of the French government. [This request may be made by a government repre- senting all responsible parties and ele- ments in the French republic, but un- able to obtain the necessary support to put through the debt settlement. If we meet it with a refusal shall ocertainly be held responsible from one end of Europe to the other for what then occurs. And if the possible evils do become realities, we shall not get any part of our loans back, and per- haps only a small portion of our post- war investments. In any event, one must perceive that the whole problem 1{is changing and widening. France is on the edge of a collapse which has many points of resemblance with that which pre- Hawaiians Unafraid Of Man-Eating Sharks The question whether man-eating sharks really exist has been brought forward in Honolulu by the finding in the stomach of a shark the recogniz- able remains of a human being and a man’'s bathing trunks. Through a number on the trunks the remains were identifled as those of a soldfer of the Army forces on Oahu, the island on which Honolulu is situated. This man had gone swimming in the surf several miles from where the shark was caught. He was seen to cry out and wave his arms as if for help. Then L he disappeared under the waves and a search for his body was.fruitléss. So far, as known locally, there has been no authenticated instance of a shark’s attacking a living person in this part of the Pacific. Modern Hawailans who have acquired some of the lore of their fisherman an- cestors say’ that sharks will attack and eat the body of a drowned per- son, but are easily frightened by a living ‘person in the water. ~At any rate, ho alarm is feit by bathers in Hawail, as virtually all the beaches are inclosed by a barrier reef of coral which prevents . any large fish from getting into the shallow waters. Queen Will Get Copy Of Eleusinian Relief En route from Athens to Holland is a czgy made of the famous Eleusinian relief, a work of the fifth century B.C., and discovered in 1859. On occasfon of the recent silver wedding anniversary of Queen Willhelmina and Prince Consort Henry, the Greek government wished ‘to pay a tribute to the Dutch royal couple ceded the French Revolution. Eu-~ rope is in a condition of unrest and unstable equilibrium which make any explosion in any considerable country almost sure to have grave repercus- sions elsewhere. We are coming perilously near to ooccupying the position which we held in 1916 and 1917, before we entered the war.@vhen the decision of the war itself rested with us and, because we could not make up our minds and our Government was unwilling to face the facts, we were hated from one end of Europe to the other and on either side of the battle fronts. Today we are in the presence of the possible collapse of the whole European sys- tem; if the collapse comes we shall feel the economic and financial con- sequences for many years to come, even if we escape the political. . In the end, then, our choice is like- 1y to be between holding to a rigid in- sistence upon debt settlements which” have already to have even:y theoretical vitality and facing the facts as they are being disclosed now day by day. To speak broadly, the fate of Europe is again in our hands. (Coyrizht. 1926.) Many Narcotic Addicts In Alexandria, Egypt Alexandria, Egypt, the clearing” house between East and West, has an enormous traffio in narcotics. The po- lice have done everything possibls to stamp it out and an English commis-* sion is discussing it. Influential Tltui- < zens call dope their civic disgrace. Yet,, the traffic con though 1t is ameliorating. On 121, 1925, the** police were given a law with teeth in it, and the traffic has since been slow- ly, little by little, got under control, But it is still & problem. Some indication of the extent of the nar- cotic “business” in Alexandria may be had when one learns no fewer than 5,569 people wers arrested and price of cocains in Alexandria is about $160 a pound',' heroin, $400. The retail prics, accord: ing to the current market, is $240; heroin, $640. Thus the traffic pay And as old offenders are arrested and rooted out new ones spring up to take ! thelr places. Most of the dope run- ners are Egyptian, and a few Euro- peans. s Tourists to Pay More For Curios in Shanghai % Hence Sung, Tang+ and Ming relics will cost more. OQut+ side of a few expert curio collectors,. the purchasers of relics are :h-!round- s