Evening Star Newspaper, July 31, 1926, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY ..July 31, 1926 THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star Newspaper Company < Bustness O, Chicaxo Office: Tower Building. pean Office: 14 Rezent St.. London, Eneland. The Evenine Star. me edition. i dniivered hy the city at’ 60 centa par 45 cents per month: Sun por month, Ordora ma elsphone Mamn 5000 carrier at the end of only. 20 cent” sont by mafi or Callsetion is made by ach month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and s, L1 ve, $9.00. 1 mo. Dafly onlv 1vr K300 1 mo. Sunday only 121 v $3.00: 1 mo.. unday All Other States and Canada. Pailv and Sunday ve, £19.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 Pailv onte T e TRE005] men BRe Sunday only . $4.00: 1 mo’; The Assortated Prese ts exclu 0 the ea far ranadilieation of all nawe die patehes credited to it or not otherwise cred. ired in this naner and sleo the local news published herein. All rights of nublication ©Of spacial dienatches hereln are also reserved Albert B. Cummins. Albert B. Cummins, United States Senator from Towa for nearly eighteen vears, is dead. The wires that flashed the news of the passing of the veteran statesman brought grief to many friends and admirers throughout the count No man in the Senate has had a finer reputa- tion for scrupulous honesty of pur- pose. Tor nearly a decade he was an outstanding figure in that body. An able debater, a clear thinker, invari- ably courteous and kind, Senator Cummins had the respect and affec- tion of his colleagues. He was man of many warm friendships, with human qualities which dfew him close to the hearts of his associates. When Senator Cummins first came to Washington he was regarded by the old guard of the Republigan party radical, though the terminology “Republican Pro- gressive” in those days. . He suc- ceeded William, B. Allison, veteran stalwart. It was with some con- sternation that many members of his party awaited the arrival of Sen- ator Cummins in the Capital. He became at once a member of the progressive group on the Republican side of the chamber, which included Dolliver, also of Iow: Borah of Idaho, La Follette of Wisconsin and Beveridge of Indiana. Four years later, whén the Republicans were to choose a presidential candidate, the progressive idea had spread through the land. Cummins had been a lead- er in the attack upon the Payne- Aldrich tariff bill in the Senate, a bill which had brought a consider- able measure of unpopularity to the Republican regulars. Senator Cum- mins and his friends believed that he had an opportunity to be the choice of the party and the Iowa State delegation stood back of him, as did the delegations of several other Western States. But he was far short of a majority. With the ars came a change. Washington has had a mellowing effect upon many men who have come here with radical ideas. It had its effect upon Senator Cum- mins. He came finally to be re- garded as a staunch supporter of the Republican party and of Presi- dent Coolidge. On one issue alone was the lIowa Senator in opposition to the President—farm relief. Senator Cummins belonged to the group of constructive statesmen. He was an indefatigable worker and a student. His name is closely allied with railroad legislation. Before he came to the Senate he antagonized the railroads in his State because he supported legislation making the roads liable for injuries incurred by their employes and other measures of a progressive character. In more recent vears he was author, with former Representative Esch, of the transportation act which bears their Senator Cummins was de- nounced by the progressives of to- day for his part in drafting that act. But he was always convinced that he had been right in his efforts to insure an adequate transporta- tion stem, through fair treatment of the railroads. Senator Cummins’ life was one of strife. He never flinched frem a struggle. In his long career in the Senate he never took an unfalr ad- vantage of an opponent. He “leaned over backwards” to he entirely fair. A case in point his declining to vote on the Brookhart-Steck con- test at the last session, A speech and a vote by Senator Cummins favoring Brookhart would have in- sured Senator Cummins' renomina- tion and re-election this Fall, As it was, Senator Cummins was de- feated by Col. Brookhart at the re- cent primaries and was on the eve of retirement from public life when death found him. as a was name. was Mrs. Frances Stevens Hall has a very large fortune, but just at pres- ent is apparently out of luck, never- theless. Ce—e— Local and Nearby Crossings. Failure of the House to complete the legislation started by the Sen- ate at the recent session aiming at the cure of remaining grade cross- ings in the District ieaves that sub- ject open for Congress at its next meeting, and in shape to reach the point of enactment early, The urgency of the matter is not subject to question. The grade crossings within the District that have not been eliminated are a constant men- ace to life. Any day a’fatal acci- dent may occur at any one of them. 1t will be only by exceptional good luck if at one or possibly all of them tragedies are nof enacted be- fore the completion of the legisla- tion. K 7 These places gre remnants of a condition that prevailed generally throughout the District prior to the construction of the Union Stetion and the consequent readjustment ef xwacks, Had-thah Work. POOR. GAR> ried out completely, to the limits of the District area, as it was at the time hoped, there would now be no necessity for tardy and doubly expensive operations. The cost of correcting any one of the four cross- ings that remain and require atten- tion today will probably be as much as that of curing all four of them simultaneously with the general re- vision of the railroad track system in the District. Congress cannot legislate to com- pel the correction of such conditions in Maryland and Virginia, but the need of action in those States is nevertheless urgent. Close by the District boundaries are grade cross- ings that dally, hourly, menace life. There is one such at Hyattsville. where passes the greater part of the vehicular traffic between Wash- ington and Baltimore. Plans for its cure have been often discussed and brought close to the point of action, but influences that oppose a change in the location of a portion of the Mehway have thus far effected post- ponement of action. The hope of Washington is that next Winter Congress will complete this work by authorizing and re- quiring the cure of every remaining grade crossing In the District and furihermore that the two States upon which the National Capital bor- ders will take up definitely the work of correcting these evil conditions within the area of heavy traffic. The use of the public roads must eventu- ally be made perfectly safe from the menace of grade crossings. The sooner that work is started the less costly it will be in terms of funds and lives. R ‘Raiding the Gamblers. general raid on gambling places in this city yesterday 110 ar- rests were made, including patrons and operators of the eight establish- ments that were visited. The raids were carefully planned to be con- ducted simultaneously, and conse- quently no information of this police activity reached any of those marked down for visits. It is indicated that this is the first of a series of opera- tions designed to close up these illegal places where bets are solicited and handled. w will be noted the success of the police effort to suppress this evil. Raiding is not sufficient. Court ac- tion must yet be had, with convic- tions and punishments. And unfor- tunately the percentage is against the police, in favor of the bookmaker and gambler in such a situation. Although arrests are made with every possible proof of guilt, the cases drag through Police Court and the other courts. Many of them are lost through lapse of time, failure of witnesses to re. spond to call. Only a few convictions are had In relation to the number of accusations. It has been a matter of common knowledge for a long time that these gambling establishments have been thriving, some of them most openly, with practically no conceaiment. Any policeman with the least wit and power of observation cafi spot one of these joints. They ought all to be closed 30 long as the law remains on the statute books forbidding the prac- tice of betting on races or other games of chance, Raiding the poolrooms, however, does not finish the job, if indeed it is a successful operation in bringing to punishment those who operate these places. The worst leature of the evii is the “traveling salesman” of the poolroom, who goes about on a regu- | lar beat among daily customers, lit- erally a handbook maker. These men either work on commission or on their own.” They _infest every office in town. They are a cause of untold distress to families. They present the temptation to risk money to thou- sands of men, and women also, who hope to make ‘“something for noth- ing"” by beating one of the crookedest games that was ever devised to sepa- rate people from their money. A few people win at this game, but most people lose. Indulgence in the fashion for this form of gambling has led to many crime: The police have started a good work in this present series of raids, and it is to be hoped that the courts will sustain them by giving prompt trial and stiff penal- ties in all convictions, L ] President Coolidge has qualified as a fisherman to a degree that was un- expected. There is nothing that enables a man to think quietly and consecutively, with a wholesome an- "ticipation of futurs thrills, like hold- ing a line with baited hook in promis- ing waters. The vacation at Paul Smiths will no doubt be the means of solving many problems, and the pike will be entitled to some little share in the credit. i L i In spite of varlous “slush funds” the 17. & A. enjoys more success in selecting statesmen than European countries who insist that they have no money to waste in such a manner. B e The McManus. Tammany lost one of its most be- loved d'strict leaders yesterday, when The McManus died at the age of sixty- four. The McManus, by which name he has been known for years, has been for a quarter of a century the absolute political ruler of the midtown section of Manhattan west of Broad- way. His real name was Thomas J., hut he had not been spoken of by it since the titantic political battie of 1891, when he ran for the Assembly as an independent fDemoerat and de- feated both the Republican candidate and the nominee of the Tammany district leader, George W. Plunkett. Then the faithful of his political clan recognized him as chief, and gave him the title of clan leadership, which has been applied to no other Tammany ghieftain before or since. He was not the eldest of the McManus family, of which there were eight sons, he being the third in order of "birth. But he was the only one of them who gained politieal gank and distinction. XMe- Manus continued his fight -against Plunkett after his first victory in 1891, and fourteen vears later the came t0'a climax in a primary mmmqm dawa-Wto-loca THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY, JULY' 31, 1926 history as the “battle of.the banners. The streets of the west forties and fifties were placarded until the walls were almost covered with porfraits and slogans of the rivals. McManus won that fight and a seat in the State Senate. He literally fought his way into Tammany and he was a power in the organization. After having beaten the organization’s district leader in revolt, he remained regular to the end of his days. So passes The McManus, the only Tammanry man to win and hold the title of feudal chieftain. —— e Clear the Intersections. Motorists of Washington are com- plaining of the thoughtlessness of drivers who, when making a left-hand turn off an automatically controlled street, neglect to leave room for those making the right-hand turn with the green signal. For a left turn the driver must pull over to the right and walt for a change of signal to complete the turn. A right turn is made on _one signal, the green, but if the motorist waiting for o change of signal to complete a left hand turn blocks the street there is no way for the driver making the right turn to get past. If motorists making a left-hand turn. will be considerate of the right of others this difficulty and annoy- ance can be eliminated. The first car pulling up to an intersection for a left turn should be driven not only as far toward the right as possible but should be placed in close proximity to the far curb. If this Is done there will be room for another car directly behind the first without danger of completely closing the Intersection to those making right turns. If there are more than two cars to make the left turn, the third car should be driven abreast of the first car and the fourth car abreast of the second. Rarely will there be more than four cars’to make the left turn at one time, and this method will not only accommodate this number but will leave plenty of space for egress from the street by those turning to the right. The automatic light system is work. ing particularly well in Washington. Extensions will be made in the neuar future, so that it behooves all Wash ingtonians to be considerate and thoughtful in its use so that the maxi- mum benefit from a modern plan can be attained by all. —— Mexlco has found & new kind of trouble and appears to w it in spitd of the historic fact that a clash between religion and polities repre- sents one of the gravest dangers to which a nation can be subjected. — e It will not be surprising. if few authoritative expressions are elicited from President Coolidge just at this time. When a man is going fishing is no time to try to detain him for conversation. . ————— . ‘The air is soon to be filled with air- ships. Haste should be made to elim- inate the grade crossing problem down here so that full attention may be given to that of making the air lanes safe. ome e Possibly prophecies concerning 1928 | ought to be encouraged at t pa ticular season. They invelve no bind ing responsibilities and serve to take the mind off the weather. —— e e —— 1 Canada has its dry laws, but is care- | ful to explain that they need not in- terfere serjously with the hopes of | Summer vacationists from the U e | Chicago politics apparently needs as H much financing as Chicago grand ' opera. it B SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANBER JOHNSON, ‘When Metaphors Meet. Tha gum shoe politician— ‘We mention him offhand. And often I've been wishin’ That I could understand How any in his station Such' footwear should display. 1 asked with hesitation Why he behaves this way. Said I, “Oh, please unravel This mystery so queer; Why do you choose to travel Thus shod, this time o’ year?” Said he, in tones complaining, “Your queries I must hush; The funds in my campaigning Are now described as ‘slush. Cold Valuation, “What is your opinion of evolution?" “Interesting,” answered Senator BSorghum. “But no good in politics. It'N influence no votes in your favor and can easily make you enemies.” Wrong Season for Sympathy. i Of polar hardships now 1 read. 1 know they must be rough indeed. But when these hot waves fiercely fall, T cannot sympathize at all. Jud Tunkins says the moonshine | still is out of date. The synthetic experts go to town and rent a labora- tory. The Ballot. “Do you appreciate the privilege of voting?"” “Very much,” answered Miss Cayenne. “We have created a splen- did organization of voters. But some- how as the voting populace grows bet- ter the candidates seem to get worse.” Bafiling Sound. I heard her one night on the radio. Since then Tive been faithtully tryin’ Some method to find that would let me know If the lady was singin’ or cryin’. “Gamblin’ is wicked,” said Uncle Eben. “But {i's hard to make a sinner repent unless you ketch him when he's a loser.” P ] g ; The Straight-Away. From the Wall Street Journal, {the American Merc | Three business associates who live In.the same block were talking to gether ‘In the rear compartment of a public bus. “¥ think it is a remarkable thing," said one, “that after living in the same neighborhood for 3 vears we st{ll are on speaking terms!” The other two agreed heartily in the statement. One of the men got to thinking afterward what could be the cause that such a feat should be so highly regarded In a city, Why was it that what would be only normal neighbor- hood relations in a small country town should come to*be held unique in a large city? “Too many contacts,” said the man, to himself, at last. He was right. ‘The main trouble with modern city Hving is that one is unable to get away from others, unable to live “at peace with the world and you,” as the song writer put it. Dally the city dweller is thrown in ntact with a thousand and one men, whom he cannot by any means escape, even If he would, and often enough he does not realize that there is any necessity for so escaping. This is the tragedy of the cif that a man needs some aloofness, some being alone, some portion of solitude —and so often does not realize it. ke So thousands upon thousands throw themselves into a mad whirl of ac- thinking blindly that so long as a thing is thoroughly exciting it must be thoroughly good. They race up and down the roads in motor cars, they whirl from one card party to another, they r from theater to eating place, and from eat- ing place to theater, attempting to achieve the impossible. Satisfaction in life is what we are all after, and one will find it one wi and one another, according to the in: herited bent of his mind, his bringing up. his education or lack of education. There can be little doubt, however, that the thoughtful portion of hu- manity, in every age, has scen the necessity for some solitude on the part of the normal human being The perfectly abnormal hun live cluttered up with a do: college boys in a fraternity house, or soldfers in a barrack, who are essen- tially leading abnory lives in so far as their living quarters are con- cerned; but the perfectly normal hu- man belng wants to get away from others at times, he wants to go by himself, to be alone with a chosen few, to live a life of few contacts at city we have ever with us. Tt is easy enough to go into its mad swirl when the fancy prompts. Even the man who for one reason or other owns no motor car can take any one of a thousand and one street '8 or busses, and in half to three-quarters of an hour, at most, be in the very vortex of things. There s no difficulty about making contacts to the heart’s content, when the urge is upon one to do so., The difficulty is to get away, to be by one's self, to live alane at times. Therefore those fortunate ones who possess plenty of money invariably purchase for themselves tracts of land at some remove from the ci and build thereon stately mansions. with adequate landscaping of the grounds, so that the charm of cuitiva- tion is given to the glory of Nature. Here, surrounded by beautiful gardens, the possessors live a life in harmony with nature, reverting to THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEVELL. the orlginal status of mankind, Adam and Eve In the«Jarden of Eden. As far as the records show, there were in den no crowded strest cars, no teeming ‘Theaters, no groups of 250 person) eating dinner in a hotel din- ing room, no massing of persons to hear a band in the chief public park of Rden, no radlos roaring far into the night, no phonographs playing “Valencia,” no trucks of gravel and bricks cracking the plaster in houses already constructed, no tootin horns, no clanging of bells, no brush- ing elbows on sidewalks with 9,999 persons one never saw before nor will ever see again. From the original Eden to the smaller modern ones, which dot the countryside around every one of our larger cities, is not such a far step as it might seem. In the one case the happy pair were put into it by main force, and finally were put out by the Landlord: in the latter, the pair bulld themselves a home to live free from the harassing contacts of modern city life. We see too many people. We talk to too many. We huddle together in apartments, surrdunded on all sides by families. If ome sits across the street from a huge modern apartment building, and ‘watches the llghts at dusk flare up one by one, first in one window and then another, he realizes that each light is a home. The lights, however, are too close together. When Tom Jones, tired from a hard day's work, comes home v rest, he will not get it, for Sam Green, in the apartment below, just got a new radfo, and 13 anxi that 21l his neighbors hear it. Sam rurns the set on at full blast, and allows it to belch forth into the night until it runs down of fits own volition about 1 a.m. Row houses are not much better. When you go out into vour back yard garden, you are stmply forced to talk to vour neighbors, whethet you feel in the mood for it or not. One feels as if the eyes of the world were upon him, as he stops to fuss around with the flowers. There are simply too many persons living in a given area, that is all, and there is nothing to be done about it. The penalty. » You are all playing Civilization Game, under certain rules known as eity ordinances, but certain persons_do. not seenf to know the rules. Tt fs as if you tried to play base ball, and one player finally de- clared, “My one-bagger ought to count as a home run” and then would walk around. and demand that his “run” he counted. It is ex if you started to play a game of chess, and, when the game went against you, you pushed the other fel- low's queen off the hoard and said, triumphantly, “Now T can win If one were willing to listen to the few who do not know how to play the Civilization Game. he would begin to think that to love his home is ab- | normal, that to want a neat lawn and | flowers is absurd, that others ought by right to be allowed to destroy what others build up, that pride in property is an old-fogy notion. This is but one of the evils of over- crowding, resulting in too many con- tacts, the prime evil of city life. The country man. and the small-town man, has his problems, too, but the city ‘man has this one. His life is largely an attempt at solving it | the most successful method s 2 outlined. There are other w: ever, which every person mu: out for himself, some one wa: i another. out of the gr Dusiness huilt up the public laoks on somewhat mixed cmotions. who regard the passing of Govern- ment-owned shi death blow to the new Ameri “hant marine are distressed. little praise for the Shippine Board, however. and @ large section of public opinion re- Joices that the Goverament is getting out of business “An important step toward the gen- eral return to privata ownership and management,” ohserves the Philadel- phia Public Ledger (independent), the unnouncement that ment is preparing to put its twe prin- cipal transatlantic lines on the auc- tion block—the United States Line and nt Line.” This move, the Ledger believes, “represents an outcome all along recognized as sound and logical.” basing its belief on its opinion that “private owner- ship and private management are the touchstones of successful American enterprise.” The Columbus Ohio State Journal (Republican). which is in favor of sell- ing the ships, considers that “since the war the maintenance of the steamship lines has been a source of heavy ex- pense to the Government: the Ship- ping Board has been distinguished its quarrels than for its use- The board is handled un- ceremoniously also by the Lincoin Star (independent), which expresses the view that “the country would have been a great deal better off if the Government had given away all its ships five or six years ago and retired from the business of naviga- tion,” and, in addition, that the coun- try today “would be better off with out the Shipping Board, the Tariff Commission, the Trade® Commission, and all such bodies.’ * k¥ % The Providence Journal (independ- ent) hopes that “the plans for sale now being formulated will find no in- superable barriers to their execution, but yrges that the “Government ought to get a fair market price both for the ships and for their services that have been built up at a colt of many millions of dollars,” The Portland (Orez.) Daily Journal (independent) declares that “in the dismissal of Capt. Crowley as the head of the Emergency Fleet Corporation they have cleared the decks to g0 on with their ruthless policy of selling the ships at any price and on very questionable terms, which in the last analysis can only’ mean the end of the American fleet. Portland will be hit as that policy takes further ef- fect,” claims this paper. “The North- west will be further hit. The other small ports will be hit." And the Journal concludes with advice to such ports, saying: “They will be wise if they prepare now' Lo protect them- selves and their shipping.” The Richmond News-Leader (inde- pendent Democratic) considers the dis- missal of Crowley “a very doubtful deal,” since his “administration has been about as good as could have been asked of any man who labored amid the conflicting precedents, the vacil- lating purposes and the amateurish adventuresomeness of the most dis- the ¢ shippi of the war. 1 There ‘|appointing board the country has in- herited from the war.” * % % x Even those most disposed toward Mussolini could condense his arg: ments thus: “I'm telling you.” ' Manana. ¥rom the Fort Worth Record-Telegram. 5 Tomorrow is the day that the things 2 t put off doing today, will the disposal of the ships to private lntereut'smnrs not in favor of Uncle Sam making anything but a good business deal in the transaction. This opinion 1s voiced by the Brookiyn Daily Eagle (independent Democratic); which says: “None would want the veagels dumped on the market to be ! 4old for a song.” while the Roanoke World-News (Democratic) not only be- Jigves it “‘unnecessary, that the Gov- e o Sales of Government Ships Keep Old Controversy Alive Those | ernment should lose in the but i ceing indications of a_ship subsid apneal in the offing. the Raleigh and Observer (Democratic) says: is growing evident that unless the ship owners can get their hands into the Federal Treasury. the well greased plan for surrendering the ocean-borne commerce to Britain will be launched.” The New London Day (Republican) thinks “he would be a poor American who would not regret such a thing. It is a part of the American tradition that we operate fine ships on the seas and that they be not wholly used for freight.” “The desirability of a vigorous and well maintained American mes nt marine, both as a factor in peace-time prosperity and as an auxiliary to the Navy In time of war,” is upheld by the "Manchester Union (independent Republican), which. however, remarks that “under existing conditiops our ships have to bid for business against competitors under other flags whose operating expenses are markedly lower.” The Union would maintain standard of pav and living conditions, but concludes that ‘“measures that will give our vessels a living chance in the | struggle for business remain to be en- acted.” * k% k% “From sentimental cording to the Bloomisgton Pani graph (independent). “ma) Ameri- cans will regret to see some of the world’s great ships pass out from un- der the American flag, but it may be that the private purchasers of vessels will continue their American registry.” The Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch (inde- pendent Democratic) holds that “‘the Government should surrender owner- ship of its fleet as rapidly as possible, but not until it is assured that Ameri- can flag service will be provided for all ports.” President Coolidge’s “determination to stop losses by disposing of the ships” is described by the San Fran- cisco Bulletin (independent) as “‘a sane business process,” and that pa- per points out that “in recent years only one company operating a line of vessels for the Government has turned in a profit for the Government, and that was a San Francisco firm.” The Hartford Times (independent Demo- cratic) is convinced that “it has been demonstrated sufficiently that the Gov- ernment can remain in this field only at a tremendous cost.” The Asbury Park Press (independent Democratic) feels that the Government ‘‘seems to have demonstrated to anybody's satis- faction that it cannot operatd at a profit such a difficult, complicated and specialized business as ocean ship- ping.” As to the Shipping Board, the Akron Beacdn-Journal (Republican) advises that the Government should “'get rid of the whole outfit.” e That Good Time Coming. ¥rom the Omaha World-Herald. There never will be a real millen- nium until there are enough offices for all the candidates. P N Passing. From the Fort Wayne News-Sentinel. The trouble with cotemporary lit- erature is that {t's just cotemporary. _Guilty. From the Flint Daily Journal. Don't forget to learn the 986 new. laws passed by the Hi You know asons.” 4 lJguorange of the law is S excuse, | invisible ga: ! Cos { sleuth chosen by THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover. The Arcturus Oceanographic Ixpe- ditfon, the_ninth expedition of th New York Zoological Soclety, finuncec by Henry D. Whiton, Harrlson Wil- ). Jinms and several others, and directed by Willlam Beebe, salled from Brook- Iyn February 11, 1925, and returned to New York July 6. An account of the expedition has been written by Wi liam Beebe in another of his delightfu books, “The Areturus Adventure.” The Arcturus steamed a distance of more than 13,600 miles, and visited Cocos Island, the Gafapagos and other small istands: The expeaition brought back 11,000 feet of motien-picture film, hundreds of eolored plates and pho- tographs and “a host of treasures, from the most microscople heings which contribute to the surface lu- minescence of the sea to a glant devil- fish welghing mere than a ton.” Hev- eral unusual mechanieal devices en- abled Dr. Beebe and his fellow-sclen- tists to observe marine life at much closer quarters than s possible by ordinary means. One of these, the all, Dr, Beebe deacribes an fol- lows: “I fashioned two 30-foot beams, rigged outboard on the port side, one slightly above the other and about three feet apart. To these, by a many-looped rope, T laced a -duck- board walk, When swung at right angles to the vessel's side and firmly guyed, I had a perfectly safe runway, extending far out from the ship and over quiet water, beyond the foaming wave thrown up by the passage of the Arcturus on her course. * * ¢ Searching for a name that should ex- press the feeling of this position, we hit upon the fourth dimenglon as most appropriate.” Another device was pulpit of {ron grating, “surrotunded b; a wafst-high fron rafl and fastened astride the bow of the Arcturus.” Standing in this, with thelr legs just above the reach of sharks, three scientists at a time could play with sporting dolphins or scoop up bucket- fuls of quaint sea folk. For diving Dr. Beebe took along am apparatus which he calls “simple” and which he describes in his chapter “With Helmet and Hose.” It consisted of a tower- ing copper helmet with two glass win- dows, welghted flange to fit about the neck and air-hose attachment. The whole helmet weighed 60 pounds, and was fitted over the head of the diver by a colleague at the last moment. The diver, in bathing suit, descended a long metal ladder, carrying a har- poon and a water-glass, and was soon seated on a beautiful coral rock at the bottom of the ocean, having the best sort of fun. It was such superia- tive fun for Dr. Beebe that his chief concern was that he might not realize to the full all new sensations and fm- press them indelibly on memory. Above and around his coral throne swam “all the inhabitants, from go- bies to groupers, from shrimps to sharks.” A crab tled to a small stone and waved through the water would jalways make of him ‘a “Pied Piper of sorts, leading a host of fish which followed in my train.” e One interesting the Sarga Sea, with floating weed, some of which Dr. Beebe transplanted to aquariums, where he found that the older por. tions soon died, while new tips and bladders continually sprouted. An other chapter describes "“The Birth of a Volcano” on Albemarle, one of salapagos Islands, which the Areturus steamed a night's journey to see. On arrival Dr. Beebe and a comp: were nearly gassed at the heart of one of the small craters by a deadly Cocos s between Panama and the Galapag belonging to Costa Rica and famoy as a resort of pirates and the deposi- tary of buried treasure, is the subject of two chapters as thrilling as Steven- son’s “Treasure Island.” The bur of two large quantities of treasure on s is related, and then follows narrative of all the fruitless, despair ing efforts made by many adventurers in following the will-o’-the-wisp of thi pirate treasure. The treasure has not yet been foumd, and so n fatal lure for many more dreamers. Not the least interesting part of “The Arcturus Adventure” is the log of the Arcturus, which forms the las chapter. The entries are full of hu- well 28 of substance. For ex- ¢ penguin was added to the passenger list. Ice machine has sprung leaks, so that ammonia fume: make the engine room almost unliv- able. We are madly eating meat and frult to save it."” * ok % chapter its e ma of The *“Old Man in the Corner™ i Baroness O unravel her 13 mystery stori volume “Unraveled Knots. Man tells all the stories to a new n the The Old | paper woman out for copy (the author, of course), and the reader is allow 1o hear them. He begins each sto in the same way—by narrating the circumstances of a crime, as they came out in the newspapers, at the coroner's inquest, or at a trial. He glves the solution rived at by the police, the judge, thé jury, the public, and then shows that all are wrong, and himself offers the correct exy - tion. Inductive reasoning from known facts is his method. In other words, Baroness Orczy has, Jike many other writers, imitated Sherlock Holmes, and has substituted police, judge, jury and public for Scotland Yard. But why not? It is quite likely that Conan Doyle imitated Poe’s “Monsieur Du- pin,” and Poe may have obtained his idea for “Monsieur Dupin” from some one else. & bl A psycho-analysis of Poe was due to follow the numerous biographies of the most abused and the most sentl- | mentalized over of American authors. Even Prof. George E. Woodbury complete and scholarly biography fafled to explain Poe psychological- ly, at least failed to fit him into modern theorie: Joseph . Wood Krutch, in his dgar Allan Poe; A Study in Genius,” holds that Poe's complex soul is to be under- stood only on the theory that it built up for itself certain “defense mecha- nism.” Mr. Krutch believes that Poe early developed a sense of inferfority, due to a repressed life, and that this shows in the literary work of his first period. To counterbalance this, he imagined himseif a Byronic hero, such as he appears in his poems. About 1840 Poe began to fear insanity, and as a mental remedy imagined himself as a clear thinker and inductive rea- soner, a solyer of mysteries and crimes. The tales of ratiocination were the result, such as “The Mur- ders in the Rue Morgue," “The Mys- tery of Marie Roget” and “The Pur- loined Letter.” He became more and more self-centered, the victim of an exalted ego, and in “Eureka” identi- fied himself with God. * ok ok Alexander the Great has again ap- peared in literature, this time treated by Lord Dunsany in a four-act trag- edy, entitled ‘‘Alexander.” Three one- act plays are included in the same volume. The play “Alexander” cen- ters about the claim of Alexander to be the son of Zeus. In one act the threc fates appear and spin and snip their threads while deciding the des- tiny of Alexander. The three short pleces in the volume are called “The Old King's Tale,” “The Evil Kettle" and “The Amusements of Khan | Kharuda.” None of the plays fis likely to add to the reputation of Lord Dunsany, whose plays of Celtic and Oriental mysticism have already given him a unique place among twentieth century dramatists. s And Not Au Revoir, From the Dayton D‘;‘l;lv News. Some people, not beljeve that money talks until they have heard it farewsll, g the | nion | lyin® ! ng | ay still be a | | | | Q. Has Miller's time for cfossing theé country in an sautomobile been beaten? . M. C, A, Ab Jenk record. Hia trip from New York Cit to Ban Francl June 1417, 1 whas made in 80 hours and 20 minutes, total elupsed time. Miller's record was 102 hours and 45 minutes frum Jersey City to Oakland. Q. 1s Yeliowstone one of the seven wonders of worldi—-A, €. A. This park has lowered the Natfonal Park th fs not numbere ern world, but it is included among the wonders of Amer| The others are Niagara, Mammoth Cave, the Gar- den of the Gods, the Yosemite Val the glant trees of California and Natural Bridge, in Virginta. mal Bwamp?—B. &. M. A. A canal crosses opening navigation between Elizabeth City, N. C., and Norfolk, Va., permitting vessels to p atween Albemarie Sound and Chesapeake | Bay. Q. comparatively B. R. A. The interview featu nalism dates back to 18 of the John Brown raid on Harpers Ferry. Among those stated to be tmplicated in the raid w Gerrit Smith, & noted anti-slayery advocate of Peterboro, N. Y. The New York Herald sent a reporter to see and published the interview in con- versational style. Being the first ex ample of newspaper terprise that line, it created a ation. Isn't the newspaper interview modern innovation? a of jour- How long has duraluminum been 4 discovered by Alfred Wilm 15 vears ago, the American ansom by bandits ng?>—D. W. L. was Perdicari not he died in Chisel May of last year. ardu: held for il L in Moroce A. His name ricardus, and . England, i Who received the Nobel prizes r?—N. 8 There we - 19 but the postponed in physics was awa Siegbahn of the Univer- sala for researches in the phenomena of elemental stances. Q. How much cotton gypt?—P. D. E e no el is grown in n cotton ot ars, 500 crop or 1.5 bales_of pound American Q national M. R.T A. Headquarters child labor avenue, Cune Li R. lLove Q. Who {ness in the United Where is the main o child labor ¢ e of the minittee?— of the national ymmittee is at 215 Fourth York Ci Samuel Me. v is ck and Owen general . started the express busi- ites?—H. D. W, The express siness in this ry was ori ted by W. F. Harnden of ton on March 4, 1539, BY PAUL } The now French Revolution did in 1789, in con fiscating all church property. » will do with the 1 is not disclosed, but what nee did with it, & century and ¢ | third ago. is a matter of history and a background against which certain co neous events stand out in high Mexican. government is doing real of Mexico, turn to the ench high finance into jon plunged the what will be of the Fi the confi and won, sequel story has special interest in view of the announcement of Peemier Poincare of France that his policy will be to postpone efforts to fund the debts to the United Si and RBritain until some months h a0t only does he nof sabilizet the frane now. cc that this move should await fairer day. but his slo nee must save use of fe n eredits.” er demonstrated the wi ing international credit? h countr; Me: The another an s self with- out the H history e first public took ' possess all the holic real estate nce. which comprised. then, one- 4 of the entire territory. together The n of in th ranes in rentals, millions of value and annual just as it does now in Mex the appraised “frozen eapital sented by the confiscated real 1id not in ftself balance or the financial needs of the gover nor bring prosperity to the ma The minister of finance, Necke was one of the great financiers | Burope, and with strong patriotisy > used his influence toward keeping upon a sound financial but in the national : were visionaries and gogues without financial experience. Steadily the assembiy turned to the | allurements of “easy money” and dis- credited Necke Finally, in April, 1790, the finance { committee reported that “the people demand o new circulating medium of paper money” and it declared that ! such paper currency “is the most free because it reposes on the will of the people, and will bind the interests of the people fo the public good.” They fconfused “circulating medium” with wealth. The committee. to prove its own pa- triotism, made the appeal almost in the language of Premier Poincare: “Let. us show Europe that we un- derstand our own let us immediately take the broad road to our liberation instead of drazging our- selves along the tortuous and obscure paths of fragmentary loans,” and it recommended “‘an issue of 400.000,000 franes in paper money, not redeem- able in gold or silver, but ‘carcful guarded’ so as not to risk any impair- ment of national credit.” The story of the issue of the * signats” and later the “mandats’ familiar to readers of French history but some of its philosophy . so paral- lels some of the present-day theorles as to suggest that, just as the peo- ple of 1790 had so easily forgotten the bitter lessons of 1721, when John Law had plunged France into an orgy of flat money without specie foundation, so the radicals of France now forget the financial record of their own coun- try—in both the John Law “bubble” and the assignat and mandat failures, * k ¥ x The assignats were miniature mort. gages upon real estate—upon the mil- lions of values in the confiscated church property—-and they bore in- terest, just like our Government bonds. They were legal tender for taxes and for all indebtedness. On their face, what could be sounder oner? W a holder of as- sienata wanted to redeem them in land they would, by law, be accepted in the purchase of any of the con- fiscated church land at the fixed valu- ation of the real property. In the course of the debate in the Assembly M. d@e~la Rochefoucald ar- many repre- ment among the geven wonders of the mod- | Q. Is there a canal across the Dis- | the swamp, | thus | him | in | prize | rded to | sub- | just what the covernment of the | What | But | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. when, in accordance with previous advertisement, he made a trip from Boston to New York as a publie messenger. e carrfed a few books {and some Southern and Western banknotes and his route was by rafl ad to Stonington and thence by | steamboat to New York. [ Q. How much mone: year for the advertising treet cars?—H. W. L The verage expenditure for street railway cards 116 At thren | vears 1s placed at $15,000,000 Q. spent each cards in Is the Knights of Columbus an | insurance organization?—D. T A. The Knights of Columbus is a fraternal benefit society, with insur ance in force on December 31, totaling § 794 33 and 236,231 Insurance members. Q. What is the origin of the super stitious fear of two-dollar bills, and | Why is the corner torn away?—F. T. D. A. There is no national nor uni versal superstition regarding the two dollar bill. Probably the reason it is considered unlucky is that it is east! mistaken for a one-dollar bill. Tearing {the corner off makes it more con | spicuous and not so likely to be’paid all that part of Maryiand lyving east of Chesapeake Bay and also |the counties of Accomac and North mpton, in Virginia. Delaware ia | sometimes included in the Eastern | Shore. the time of planting make nce in the life of a plant’ Q. Doe | any differ M. E. | A. The same plant, such as wheat, | may be an annual if planted early and @ blennial if planted late. S I plants such as the castor ol | which are perennials in an equable | climate, are often annuals where there is a Winter. Q. A it i ibe t Can a caterpillar sting?—L. The caterpillar does sting, anf found that its nestling hairs m, slown through the air, lodge on » person and produce a rash. This ac- | counts for tha stings people oftew re |ceive when there has been no con | with caterpillars ontrivance & hearing of London | for the purpose of fmprovi was made by Dr. Yeardsles in 1545, | Q. Where does jute come from” b le. i It is practically a monopoly o’ | northeastern India. The United States |is the third largest consumer of raw | jute and buys about two-thirds of th: | gunnycloth made in India. Have we had the pleasure of serviny you_through our Washington Infor- mation Bureau? Can't we be of some | Belp to you in your daily problems? | Our_ business is to furnish. you with authoritative information, and we in- | vite you to ask us any question of |fact in which you are interested. Send | your inquiry to The Evening Star In formation Bureau, Fredevic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. €. Inclose ''2 cents in stamps for return postage. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS . COLLINS. gued “the nssignats will dr out of the coffers where hoarded.”” His theory was that as soon as’ the hoarders of gold and sil ver discovered that paper was as §ood money as specie they would be glad to et rid of the cumbersome metals. Hq had not then learned the now accept { ed rule, known as Gresham’s law, that wherever there are inferior and supe rior money accessible the inferior al ways drives into hiding the safer, or superior. w specia is now e The pape and acr ported out money, based on cast which could not be trans of France, did not prove | acceptable in foreign countries, any { more than does the present frane. which, in exchange, is worth only one. ninth its nor lue. Yet there were French Statesmen who saw In the fact that the ass were not accepted outside a good omen. in “keeping me at home'— ng that “mor not wealth, 1 mere medium of trade. It stimulated extraordinary activity in domestic commerce and manufac tures, until arrived the stringency due to inability to import raw materials— s ent. Then there | sues of fiat assignats, and within two n place of one of 400,000.000 there were five or six | with an aggregate of 45.000,000.000 ancs, so that only “money” was cheap and all tangible weaith was dear. Workingmen's wages were not | increased, but their living cost was inconceivably inflated. Factories closed be persistent falling of business man *could dare invest in | material or wages. Millions of wage carners were out of employment. The whole nation became delir anc cause, with the Money.” no sane except the real workers, ous in gambling in fiat Sugar cost 500 francs a pound, P 230 francs, a candle 140 francs. and Mirabeau declared it was better to hold a mortgage on a garden than on an empire—contrasting the as- signat's security with that of the good faith of money based on gold hidden In a national treasur The government tried to bolster the discredited franc by law, making it a crime to refuse to accept it or to speak , under penalty of jail under chains. By franc was worth 238 paper francs—which is a mark.not yet reached by the present franc, whose exchange value, instead of being'l to 288, is 1 to about 9. Yet the assignats were “secured” as mortgages on the confiscated real estate, History records that ‘“before the end of 1795 the paper money was al- most_exclusively in the hands of the working classes,” and all wealth in the hanids of gambling speculators. * k % ¥ At last the government. in 1796. is. sued “mandats” based on specific gov- ernment rgal estate and ‘“forced loans,” and decreed that all assign ats should be redeemed in mandats, at the rate of 30 assignats to one man- dat, and by law decreed that the man dats should be recognized as being “as good as gold.” But almost before the ink was dry on this new flat “money” its value fell to 5 per cent of its face. 7 That ended the reign of paper in France, for next came Napoleon Bonu parte, who saved the unemployment situation by drafting the starving men into his armies. Then with his vic- tories he levied on the conquered countries to sustain the armies. His stanchest principle was that he would pay all accounts in specie. He fund ed_the national debts and made every payment in cash. In answer to pres- sure from his minister in an emer- gency to issue credit paper. he re- plied. “While I live I will never re- sort to irredeemdble pape: One of the brightest pages in France's history is that telling how she met the erises of the Prussian War of 1870 and the Communist rebellion wfth specie payments throughout. Even the United States lssued “green- backs” after our Civil War, though we “resumed specie payments™ in our al- leged “crime of 1873." (Copyright. 1926. by Paul V. Collins.)