Evening Star Newspaper, July 29, 1926, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. 'WASHINGTON, D. C. | TRURSDAY.......July 9. 1026, THEODORE W. NOYES. .. . Editor | ThHe Evening Star Newspaper Company Rusiness Offce | 11th St and Pennayivania A #New York Office: 110 Fart o . Chicago Office: Tower ¥uropean Office: 14 Rrzent v Enrland. he Evening Star. with the Sunday morn e wdition. s deiivered hy carriers #vithin the ity 60 cents per month* 48 cents per month: Sunday on! Per month Orders may ba sent by Igiephone 5000 lection ia made by | Rate hy Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. £2.00 1 mo only 3 Sunday only | . 1mo. 1y $3.00: 1 mo.. AN Other States and Canada. Dally and Sunday ! vr. 817 00: 1 mo. $1 Dailv anly. T Snday only [l yr. Member of the Associated Press. The Amociated Prass Ve sxclusively entitied | o tha uss for renablicstion of all nawse dis [latehes cradited to It er not otherw ted in this naner and also the local Duhlished herein. Al righis of oublication of spectal dispatches herein ace also reserved | i | s and the Two-Thirds Rule. | | ¥ohn W, Davis has announced his| adherence to the movement to do| away with the two-thirds rule hy | which candidates for President’ are | nomiinated in Democratic national rqnventions. Mr. Davis, who may. be | rdgarded as the titular head of the | Démocratic party because he was its | ndard bearer in 1924, does credit | héth his intelligance and his hpneety in the position he has as simed. The will of a majority is sasily thwarted nnder a two-thirds rdle. with one-third of a nastional as *¢mbly plus one vote able to veto the Agkires of all the rest. The rule of the ajerity is an ancient heritage Americans. \Mr. Davis has nothing to lose and nhthing to gain personally by assum. ing “this attitude. No suggestion is made in any quarter that he be again n kandidate for the Democratic nomi- | nation for President. although the Pdrty might do far worse than nomi- | mate a man of his high character and | Abllity. But if he can exert success-| filly his influence 1o bring about the | nreposed change in the method of se. | legting Demecratic neminees for Pres. | v%m and Vice President. he will ha\'!! aécomplished much good for his party. | J1 is Mr. Davis' belief that the unit T, <o called, must be thrown into | the discard. too. This is the rule hy which the vote of an entire State dele- gAtion to the national convention may be east solidly according to the wishes of'a majority of the State delegation. {One delegate. one vote: tha ma fority of votes to nominate,” is the | wav he suceinotly puts the matter. fhat is the system which the Re.| pablican party has adopted for the selection of its candidates for Presi- dént and Vice President. Without segking to cast reflections on any one, It may be said with justice that the nominees of the Republicans under this em have been at least as sat- istactory as those chosen by the Democrats in nationa! convention un-| fer the two-thirds rule. As an academic proposition, the ab- rogation of the two-thirds rule ap| pears to be gaining ground. As a practical proposition, when the next Democratic national convention rolls | around in 1928, the abrogation of the riule may strike a deadly snag. By thut time the candidates for the nom- fnation for President and their frisnds will:be firmly intrenched for the strug- gle. They will he unlikely to vield to & demand for majority rule, if they feel that such a change would bene- fit An opponent. The hest that some of the Democratic leaders now hope for-is that at the next national con- vention steps will he taken looking to & change in the rules in 1932 Slowly, but surely, it is becoming more and more apparent that the Democrats are to ba divided again into A Smith camp and a McAdoo camp. Both Gov. Al Smith and Mr. McAdoo and their supporters huve acquiesced in the proposal te abrogate the two thirds rule. But. while Gov. Smith in sista that the unit rule must go with the twothirds rule. Mr. McAdoo, It | in reported, favors the retention of the unit rule. This is the stumbling biock aver which the movement is likely to aplit. Without the two-thirds rule, it is unlikely that John W. Davis would ever have been nominated at that soul-twisting convention In Madison Square Garden two vears ago. With the majority ruls, McAdoo might well have been the nominee after a com- parativelv few ballots. Had he been 0, Mr. MeAdoo would not teday he a preblem. There would ba far more chahee of harmony in the Democratic party when it assembles in national conventien two vears hence. —eon 1o of Ne visit to the Sesquicentennial nelsbration in Philadelphia i complete without a side trip to historic Wash- Ington. —emt Blubbering Bendits. The usual picture of calloused eriminality, of brazen gunmen and hamd-botied gangsters must be chéinged. A new type has come to attention, greatly differing in de- meanor. The other night New York policemen rounded up the Oberst gang of five voung men, who wera suspected of participation in meveral| hold-ups and shooting afairs. They were wanted particularly for bank thaft. When taken they maintained a “millen indifference, denving any participation in that crime. But when they were subjected to scrutiny in a “lipe-up” at headquarters their bear- ing chenged. When victims of their waids, clerks, telephone operators and others, passed in. review and iden- tified them ther weakened. They biubbered and plsaded.. They whined thit they hed never shot anybody, ai- theugh identifications were becoming gquite positive. - They begged their identifiers not to connect them with shooting affairs. They litersly groveled for merey. But eventually whin they wers cornered they hegan to ognfess, and fimally they had zgm twenty rebherisr and Ideptliad W <en | many cases ultogether. others to hold charges. It was fear of capital punishment that cansed these arstwhile “hadmen” to weep and cringe. And It fa some- what reassuring to note this display of weakness in the face of the gravest charges. For it indicates that no longer does the underworld rely upon the Ineffectivenesa of police and court | proceedings to save It from the worst | punishment of all. It is & common- place of modern erime that the chances are in favor of the sccused, that even if convietion is had sen- tences are light and there is always the possibility of appeal and reversal of sentence. What with bonds and delays the average lawbreaker goes quite free for a long time and in Now it would seem that the tide is turned and these | blubhering handits are evidence that the chances now favor rather than the criminal. the public —ooe- The Pistol Evil. Staristics of homicidal crime in the District of Columbia during the past fiscal vear have heen compiled for the annual report of the Police Depart- ment. showing a marked preponder- ance of revolvers as weapons used in assanltx and murders. Out of forty- two murder cases pistpls were em ploved in seventesn, more than any other At the same time there were 171 arrests for the carry- ing of concealed weapons, an increase of eighty over the ysar previous. The weapons involvad in these arrests were. Revolve, 238: knives, 93; razors, 67 blackjacks, 10; knuckles, 7. 1 is plain from these Aigures that the weapon, | pistol is the most dangerous weapon because the most prevalent. Maj. Hesse, police superintendent, announces hiz purpose to press for legislation by (‘ongress to correct the pistol evil. A bill has been drawn to this effect increasing the penalties in cases of crime committed by persons. presuming evidence of intent [to commit felony from the possession of a deadly weapon: prohibiting the carrving of weapons without permit and authorizing Police Court sjudges to issue permits, with further regu- lation of the traMic in such weapons. In any lezislation that is sought for the correetion of this grave condition which makes personal armament for eriminal purposes easy, there should be a rigid prohibition of the sale or gift of a deadly weapon to any person who does not possess and present a nermit to purchase or.acquire one, ismued by a responsible public author- Regulations regarding registra- tion and proof of identity will not as- suredly reach the root of the evil The only sure way to stop traffic in ity | guns for criminal purposes is to put 'a penaity upon the vender who sells to any person who is net licensed to huy It has been objected that any pistol rexulation law which ajms to keep guns out of the hands of jrresponsible or eriminally-minded persons is a de- nial of the constitutional right of the Dbeoble to hear arms. This is not the case. The right of personal armament for self-defense and protection is not denied by any law which forbids the sale of a deadly weapon to one who|at has not heen granted a permit. Regu- lation is not prohibition. The purpose of much a law is to prevent frre- sponsible and eriminal persons from arming themselves to the end of breaking” the law. There can be no breach of the constitutional right in such a ban against indiseriminate armament. Two enactments are necessary to protect this community from the pis- tol evil. One is such a law as has just been described, and the other is a law which forbids under severe penalty the transportation of deadly weapons by mail or express, save under strict regulation and inspec- tion. to prevent the armament of po- tential criminals. There is no argu- ment against the enactment of the former by C(ongreas for the protection of the District on- the score that weapons are easily obtainable in nearby jurisdictions. Both Maryland and Virginia should, if they do not, have rigid pistol regulation Jaws. They should be glven an example by the enactment of a suitable law for Washington. It should at least be made Imposaible for lawbreakers of the District to obtain weapons right here in the city, and to that end such a law as Maj. Hesse proposes, with amendments to make its operation more certain and effective, should be asked of Congress at the next session and pressed vigorously. - P al the prophecy was made And As 1 that the fruit crop would fail. as usual it did no auch thing. BEGER E The South Florida Storm. Reports of serjour storm damage are coming from southern parts of the east coast of Florida, which is that part of Florida struck hardest by the boom. and where the most spectacu- lar improvements have been made. “The storm is one of those more or less tamillar West Indies hurricanes. which form in the Caribbean Sea. When one of these great twisters strikes the South Atlantic or the Guif coast of the United States great damage to property and loss of life often follow. It must be understood that the Flori- da cosst is not frequently a prey to hurricanes and that bad storms do not strike there oftener than in the cyelone belt of our West, and that storms which break down treea and tear off roofs are no more frequent in Florida than in the Potomac vailey, but & real Caribbean hurricane shak: up ships at sea, and when it comesto land it is & storm to be remembered. The wind was reported as blowing a. hundred miles an hour, and, although nothing i said in the dispatches about the trimmings of the storm, it was probably accompanied by a rainfall such as one does not often’ see in the North, and by lightning which one gets only in & troplo storm. With wind of the velocity given ene is sure that the surf pounded tiil the beach and the low beach ridge trembled and that selt spray torn from the breakers was oarried half a mile inland. Frem Jupiter Inlet to Bay Biscayne 5 30 miles and the coast slopes steep- 1y from the land to. deep -water. S.eamers {fom north fates 4 4 o srmed | them on homlcldt' i tis still given THY EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, ports to Cuba and Gulf of Mexico ports pass within a mile or two of the shore to avold the full strength of the Guit Stream, which flows close in- shore. From Leke Worth to Bay Bis cayne runs the low and rnarrow beach ridge, not long ago vovered with scrub palmetto and marked here and there with a “‘hummock,” where wild orange and other hardwood trees grow. Toa large extent the beach ridg up to scrub palmetto, but there have been many recent improvemants. Along that beach ridge now runs an automobile road. Back of the low ridge of sand and palmetto liss “muckiand,” old swamp reclaimed, a few years ago upgrown in saw grass and whip grass, but now for the most part planted with vegetables. Through the muckland runs the canal from Lake Worth to Bay Bis- cayne, which was dug down to, and into, the coquina rock for drainage purposes. Fast of the muck, the land rises gently 1o the sand and pine land through which the Fast Coast Rail- road runs, West from that railroad the “fatwoods" reach out to the glades, which have, to some extent, been drained by canals. When a West In. dies hurricane comes into that part of the country the oldest fat-pine trees bend and often break and all the na- tive timber has a permanent slant ®ast-to-west because of the prevailing east wind. The reports have it that the storm has been severe from Jupiter north to acksonville, about 200 miles, but no loss of life has been reported and the extent of the property damage indi- cates that as a hurricane the present is not up to the form of many of its predecessors, which have attacked the Atlantic and Guif coasts between 25 and 30 north latitude 5 s i An Extraordinary Prisoner. The unique spectacle of a prisoner charged with swindling asking & court to send him 1o the electric chair be- cause he was “beyvond reform’” was presented in a Philadelphia court re. cently. William M. Moore, twenty-six vears old, was the man who made this extraordinary plea. He told the court that he had never learned any trade: that he had been in institutions and Jails most of his life, and that if he released he could not support him- honest occupation. He was sentenced to from three to six years in Jail by the astounded court and was led away to serve the term. This man, providing, of course, he was sincere in his plea, is one among many who realize their own deficien- cles. Whatever he is, criminal or otherwise, thia is a valuable attribute, Tt might have carried him far in legiti- mate business, and it might still serve him if he could gain the will power to match the analytical mind which he demonstrated in his estimate of him- self and his capablilities. B — 1t is agsumed by Mussolini that a true dictator can make even a nine- hour working dav popular. In Ttaly, as in this country, a person who as- sumes the title, even in such minor matters as base ball'and motion pic- tures, must be an expert in publicity. -, o Unpleasant demonstrations directed American visitors should be sus- ceptible of tactful explanations. 1t would be a world misfortune to per- mit the night clubs to influence seri- ously the relations of nations. B — A “fiying fiivver” is predicted by Edsel Ford. Like other words origi- nating in a slangful mood of disre- spect, the term “flivver” is evidently destined to gain philological defer- ence. B There are evidently statesmen who rely on their public to measure the patriotism of a candidate by the amount of money he is willing to pay for the privilege of serving the people. —o— Senator Borah is strictly “dry,” but never uninteresting. vt SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Collection by Radio. My alphabet! My alphabet They've turned vou into “pi,” The letters in confusion me! Each day confuse my eve. My radio! My radio! You are not ‘static-proof, And every night I sadly know The growl from “station WOOF."” Their alimony wives collect By radio summons now, Men sympathize as they expect A walil from “station WOW!" But with initials let us bhe Content, and say anew, The worst is “station C. 0. D.” And “station 1. O. U."” Delay. “Have you heen to see the Sesqui- centennial celebration”” No," answered Senator Sorghum, “I have an invitation, but 1 have de. layed accepting it, because I have so much dificulty In teaching my_ste- nographer to spell tne name of the event.,” Short Change. Her bathing suit’s only a bluff, A very transparent device; Whatevar she paid for the stuff, It sure isn't worth half the price. Jud Tunkins says a farmer regards it as necessary te become a politielan and a financier &s well as an agrieul- turist. ¥ ‘“Taxes,” said Hi Ho, the Chinese philosopher, ““are recognized as neces- sary te the support of government. "They are paid to the powerful by the wise."” Letting Well Enough Alone. “Don’t vou wish vou had a college education?"” “Never!” replied Cactus Joe. “Fic- tion writers come from afar to study me. Without my eewboy dialect, I'd lose half my charm.” A Different Tune. As paths Parisian we explore ‘We murmur “Oo-la-la!” 5 For where ““merci” was heard of yore, The waiter says “a bas *De man dat gits up at daybreak,” sid Uncle Bhen, "sees de beauties of sunrise, but he's terrible lonssomel). < D. C. THURSDAY, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Templeton Jones came home quite elated. “Bill Smith took me down to work this morning in his new cai he sald, with a pleased smile. ““That was nice of him,” replied Mrs. Jones. ‘‘'Yes, and he wants me to ride down with him every morning. He says we 0 about the same time, and I may as well ride with him as not.” ‘“That's nice, but—" “But what?” asked Jones, surprised. “Well, I can see——"" “What on earth can you see?’ ““Well, you have sald yourself that huv‘nnn nature is & queer thing, and——" 1 know, but this is different."” Rt “You see, Smith hasn't anybody to ride with him, and he is lonesome. He would rather have me than net. It will be company for both of u “Yes, that's true. Perhaps it will work out all right.” “Well, I can’t see vour objection, if he wants to take me, and I don’'t mind “Well, I'll try see how it goe: ting “Valencia’ on and starting it off. * % the phonograph The first week the new mode of transportation went along merrily. Jones was pleased, Smith was pleased. The weather was pleasant, and all Jones had to do was step out on his front porch. Connections were perfect. After Jones had been standing there for perhaps 15 seconds—never more than 17—Smith would come into sight at the other end of the block, roll up atop. Then Jones would climb in, and away the two would go. The following Monday, proved rainy, and Templeton Jones was grumpy anvway. The drops were pattering down thickly when he stepped out on the porch, after a breakfast that had not pleased him any 100 well. The coffee was unut- terably poor, Jones thought, although he had said nothing about it. Swish! went the rain through the trees, “‘Ought 1 get an umbrella or not?" Jones asked himself. Then he de- cided in the negative. Smith would be along presently, and there would be no need of one. Templeton Jones walted. ‘T'he rain kept swishing down. leaves hung limp on the trees pedestrians moving forward to the street car lines seemed very much bedraggled. For a second Jones felt slightly superior to the common herd, but this feeling vanished when he realized that he had nothing at all to feel superior over. He waited a few minutes more. “‘Bet old Bill oversiept himself this morning,” he grinned. ““He will be along soon.” So Templeton Jones walted. His wife came to the door. “‘Maybe you had better call him up and ask if he is going down this morning,” she suggested. ‘iCertainly not,”” replied Jones. feel like a fool calling him up. Maybe he is sick or something.” ““Well, then, maybe vou had hetter however, The and “r'd | | & | | to walk six blocks to the car- car. It Mr. Smith comes along he will catch up with you.” “I'N wait & little longer,” said Templeton Jones. L O Finally, however, he gave up his vigil, got his umbrel and trudged to the street car. Catching a public hicle, he stood with 99 others, laden with 99 dripping umbrellas, and got to work late, as he had expected he would do. The next day was fair and Bill Smith was on time, as usual. Of course, Jones didn't say anything about not being called for the day before and Smith didn't either. So things went along for several more de One morning the phone rang and Mrs. Jones answered it. This s Mrs. Smith,” said a voice. ill sayvs to tell Mr. Jones that he won’t be able to call this morning.” “Oh, thank you very much, Mrs. Smith,” said Mrs. Jones. “It Is mo kind of you to let us know.” She put down the phone. “Mrs. Smith says that Bill won't be able to get around for you this morning, Templeton. “Well, that’s all right; I can’t kick; beggars can't be choosers, you know. “But how about that big parcel you were counting on putting in the back seat?” “That's right—but I shouldn’t have counted on it, I guess.” No, 1 guess not. Do you want me to call up the express office?” “Yes, 1 guess =0."” That evening Mrs. Tempieton Jones reeted her husband with the sen- Bill Smith dropped around for ter all, but I told him you had “When did he come?" “About five minutes after you left.” * X % % The next day Jones walted on the front porch and saw his friend Bill Smith coming ¢ an unusually high rate of speed down the block. Feeling full of “pep” himself that morning, Jones ran out into the street Smith slowed up to keep from running over Jones, and leaned over the door. “Got to take my mother-inlaw to the train, Temp,” sald Smith. “I'm going out of your way, and—-— “Oh, sure—sure—that's all —sorry I—er—-"' Jones backed to the sidewalk, as Smith went rolling off down the street, and felt unutterably foolish. Vhat's -the matter now, called Mrs. Jones. “He's got to take somebody to Union Station,” replied Jones, heading down the sidewalk for the car line. That evening Jones was triumphant. “This section is going to get a bus line,” he declared. “Now I won't have he bus right Temple- to) will come right past, our door. “How about Mr. Smith— bus, too.” b The first morning the bus went into operation Templeton Jones waved a merry greeting to Bill Smith, as both men found themselyes charter patrons. ““Hello, BIll," sald Jones, with a sigh of relief. “‘Hello, Temp,”" returned Smith—and get your umbrella and walk to the |heaved a sigh of relief, too. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. The Department of Agriculture is preparing to oo-operate with the co- operators on the farms of America. This isin compliance with the law passed at the recent session of Con- gress. and is the first real step in that direction ever taken by the Gov- ernment. under full governmental au- thority and by means of a specific ap- propriation. Heretofore the department has sought, more or less, to gather data of use in encouraging farm co-opera- tion, but the cost has been taken out of what might be called the Secre- tary's “contingent fund,” and was necessarily very limited. Now there is available a specific fund of $200.- 000, which will establish a real di- vision of farm co-operation. * k% ¥ Of what direct concern is farm co- operation to city people? The uitl- mate consumer is interested in the general prosperity of farmers, but whether that should lead him to en- courage farm co-operation which is aimed at the elimination of the “mid- who is usually a denizen of the city, may cause the casual ob- server to hesitate in determining. ““Why should oity interests fight city businesa?” they ask. The aim of co-oporation is not mere- Iy to save the costs of the middle man, but to create conditions under which production may prosper where such prosperity has been impossible with isolated efforts, either in production or marketing. For without prosperi- ty. production ceases and the law of “supply and demand” becomes of deadly effect upon cost to the con- sumer. The most oconspicuous example of th> value of co-operation is found in the manufacture of butter. Time was when every farm wife made but- ter in her kitchen, and, with a few dozen eggs, drove to town to trade it at the “store” for sugar or dress goods. She received in trade perhaps )10 or 15 cents a pound, after all her toil in ripening the cream on the back of her stove twith full flavor of cooking vegetables) and then churn- ing it in the dash churn. And that was all the stuff was usually worth. Today the creamery pays for the fresh, sweet cream the same price per pound that it receives for the “finished product”—the butter—and it receives as gross profit, out of which 10 pay its running expenses, only the difference hetween the weight of the cream and the weight of the resultant butter—the difference being the “overrun” of wafer and salt—chiefly water—which should amount to about 15 per cent. So the housewife gets her far better pay with no work whatever, thanks to the co-operative creamery. * ok * In 1853 some farmers in Camp- bell Hale, N. Y., organized the first co-operative creamery in the United States. Today there exist 1,400 co- operative creameries, owned by 200, 000 dairy -farmers, and producing annually $35,000,000 worth of butter. There are, in addition, 500 cheese factories producing every variety of cheese, to the value of $20,000,000 a year. There are co-operative grain and cotton and tobacco associations, and, all told, the co-operation of farmers now produce goods to the value of $2,500,000,000 a year. There are also “bargaining associa- tions” which, with no capital, fix by contract the prices at which the mem- bers agr to sell thelr products, whether grain or livestock. Thus the great production and business interests of America are not alone -the steel trust, the automobile factories and the railroad interests, but. also the farm co-operative con- cerns. Yet ®o-operation is said to be only in its infancy. * k¥ % ‘What 3o-operation may accomplish for our farmers is well demonstrated by its results in Denmark, where it is more developed than anywhere ped else in the wonld. B It iw of record in the international dairy expositions that the finest but- ter in the world is made in Minnesota. The oreameries of that State have won more than %0 per rent of the hutter prizes that have been awarded, in annual contests, where the beést butter States of the United States and Canada have competed. Yet mark, with an area one-fifth of that of Minnesota, supplies 27.9 per cent of all the butter consumed in the mar- kets of the world 3 Fifty years ago Danish farmers were farther in the dumps than American farmers have been in the last five years. In.1%32 ‘they hegan organizing co-operative associations, not only for their butter-making, but for credits and for marketing all kinds of farm production. Five vears later thev added hog- slaughter and bacon-cure plants. To- day the co-operative organizations of Denmark include more than nine- tenths of the farmers. More than 85 per cent are active members of cream- ery and hog-slaughtering associations. In little Denmark there are now near- ly half as many co-operative associa- tions as exist in all the United States. * koK * Under the new law, passed by our Congress and signed by the President three weeks ago, it is not the purpose of the Division of Co-operation to undertake the management or control of co-operatives, but simply to gather and disseminate information and use- ful data based on experience in co- operation. There will be no effort to supply the co-operatives with more data as to day by-day world market conditions b vond what the Departmenf of Agri- calture is already doing in that line In co-operation with the International Institute of Agriculture, with its head- quarters in Rome, Italy. It is not a news-gathering effort, but a research of principles. The new Division of Co-operative Marketing is under the direction of Chris L. Christensen, who has had several years'of experience in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. It is announced that the department, through the new division, will now be able to give the same attention to the development of co-operative marketing as has been extended to problems of production. Business technic and marketing methods developed by co- operative enterprises will be analyzed and studied, so that what is success- ful in one enterprise may he taught to similar associations elsewhere, and what proves impracticable may bhe limited to the earliest experiments only, and other associations will be advised against the experiments. The division will employ many high- 1y qualified specialists and send them all over the United States to observe conditions and report valuable data, and to Europe to study co.operation in its most highly developed state. This applies not merely to butter and cheese and fluid milk, but also to the handling of grain, tobacco, cotton, fruits and vegetables, poultry and ) eRES. { Eventually considerable development is hoped for in collective buying of machinery and farm supplies of all kinds. In a speech delivered recently in | Minneapolis by the Secretary of Agri- culture, Mr. Jardine sketched the rapid growth of co-operatioh in the United States follows: “In 1920 the Department of Agri culture received reports from 8449 active co-operative associations; in 1925, 9,966 active organizations were heard from during the year—an in- crease of 1515, Reporis of failures | during the same period ranged from 194 in 1923—1.9 per cent of all co- aperatives reporting that year—to 27, | less than 3 per cent in 1925. There are approximately 12,000 co-operative marketing assocfations in the United States at the present time. * * * We see definite progress *in the attitude of the members toward their organi- zations. First of all, the producers are beginning to think of marketing as something more than the transfer of goods to a country buyer. They are hocfnul.u to follow the whole int: are placed in the hands of the con- sumers. Consequently, they are ob- taining appreciation of the consumers’ needs, an understanding of price fac- tors, and are at Jeast taking the firat steps to produce the kinds and quali- ties :l products which the market de- mands.” (Copyriabt, 1936, s F40 V. Gelina) and waved his hand at his friend.| He says he is going to ride the ocate process by which their products | wal After Poincare? France May Have Dictator or Revolution If Present Government Falls. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. The cabinet which M. Poincare has thrown together, and the French press has with regard for tradition described as a combination of “‘all the talents’ ;;mu.uy ":"m”;“ ;h. ln«m::: es brought together by a com danger. In the personnel of this cabi- net may be found all the men whom the French public, with a certain measure of justice, holds responsible for the present crisis, and they rep- resent all the parties which have at- tempted disastrously to solve the financial riddle individually. In reality the Poincare cabinet is a cabinet of panic; it is a final recog- nition by all the pariiamentary rivals, who recently as a fortnight ago were assalling each other, that public sentiment has gone beyond groups and individuals and turned against both the parliamentary system and the leaders fn the present Chamber. 1f this cabinet fals, France may well have either a dictator or a revolution, or both. And in either case there will be small future for the men who have controlled from 1919 to 1926 * k%% Actually, then, we sre seeing some- thing of tand of the “‘old guard” ofi the French Parliament. Much 8s Polncare hates Tardieu, and Briand despises both, deep as is the guif be- tween Barthou and Herriot, between Marin and Painle the point has been reached where political safety for all can anly be obtained in com- bination. They are mighty close to the position which Ben Franklin out- lined when he suggested that other politiclans “must hang together or be hanged separately.” But even with this concentration of all the leaders, save those of the ex- treme Left, and of all the considerable parties, except the Socialist, escape from disaster is not going to be easy or immediate. The politicians who in- dividually and collectively have played politics _while French credit and French finance went to the dogs have now to persuade the nation to bear purdens which it ean rightly ascribe to their folly and blindness if mot to their downright selfishness. * k¥ Broadly speaking, we have had. since Clemenceau left office, two very clear efforts to govern France, the first by the Conservatives led by Mille- rand and Poincare, the second by the Radicals headed by Herrlot and Pain- . with Leo Blum, the Socialist chief, in the background. The first ended with the debacle following the fallure of the Ruhr, the second col- lapsed with the franc. "Fhe third phase has been that of Briand, who came to power represent- ing the Radicals, but continued in of- fice during the period when control gradually. shifted from the Radical 1o the Conservative side of the Chamber. Briand's mission has been the diffi- cult and thankless task of holding things together until the politiclans or the people and their rising passion has led to the present solution. But Poincare and his associates must now go to the mass of the French people and confess that par- llamentary government by all perties has been so great a failure that the people must bear new burdens and en- dure fresh sufferings. Stabilization is a remedy which has very well estab- lished circumstances. Of these high prices, unemployment and general economic depression are the most con-, spicuous, * x %% The single important question today and tomorrow is whether the French people will consent to liquidate by their own pains the mistakes, and worse, of their leaders. If they do we shall see the franc stabllized and France brought back to normal eco- nomiec life, as Germany has been. But if the people refuse to pay the price of political folly, then the consequences for France, for Europe and even for the world may be very grave. Of course, it 18 quite obvious that the politicians in France, as elsewhere, will not confess guilt, nor can they, now that they have combined in a mutual salvation association. blame each other. That is precisely why the storm against the United States, which is steddily rising all over Europe, will probably continue to he: To get the credits necessary to save the situation Poincare will prob- ably have to have American essist- ance. But it is excessively doubtful if in the present situation he can persuade the French people to ac- cept the Berenger-Mellon debt agree- ment without some amendment which insures France ainst the conse- quences of German default. But a refusal by Washington to permit joans, which might be followed by the real collapse in France, would in the minds of all Europeans fix upon the TUnited States the responsibility for the collapse. > And, as T have said before in my articles, the French collapse would not be an isolated phenomenon. lts effect upon Germany, Italy and Bel- gium would be enormous and the ef- fect of such a general continental crash upon the British in their pres- ent situation. would be hard to ex. aggepate. Moreover, every political leader in Europe must seize upon American responsibility as the single alibi for their own fauits, * kK x As far as France is concerned, it {s, in my judgment, touch and go whether there can now be any es- cape from the supreme disaster. France has at last got a government which ean govern; the period of par- liamentary paralysis is over for the But she has a people who, now with new hardships in sight, is bound to feel that it has been he. trayed by its leaders and exploited by ite war-time allies. Moreover, we have traveled a con- siderable distance since 1919. when the people of all countries were ex- hausted and desired only peace and the ‘smallest bit of comfort. German problem was simple by com- parison with the French, because when tife Dawes plan was applied the Ger- man people were still plunged in ex- treme misery; they were at the bot- tom of the curve. But the French peo- ple have, for three years at least, been enjoying general if deceptive pros- perity. Things with them must be- come much worse before they im- prove and the whole probiem lies in their willingness to submit. Meantime London, Berlin and Rome, quite as much as Paris, continue to fix upon Washington the responsibility for the French crisis, as a datail in the general Buropean prostration. And as the French crisis must in the ne- ture of things continue for a long time, this European sentiment will remain and expand. (Copyrisht. 1996.) —— bt ¢“Jaws of Draco” Visible In Starry Firmament To the Editor of The Star: The “Jaws of Draco” are now sparkling well overhead in the starry firmament. It is interesting to look for them. The “jaws” are ed by m fairly noticeable lun;. :n.vlnx a appearance. Just soul ‘ward from them, there giitters & beau- tiful blue star-jewel, named Vega. hy are named Al- the body and formed by eight other suns, extent in & general northwardly direction. Alwaid, Eta- nin and Xi are distant from us tril- lions and trillions of miles, that is, it takes rays of light, very. swiftly, many years to travel from them to our sarth. 4 + ICHARLES NEVERS HOLMES. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERI Q. Was there any particular sig- nificance in the fact that some of t arrow points used by the Indian: were white?--M. F. A. White fiint arrow points were quite common in some parts of the count The Indians were more concerned with the workable char- acter of the material than with its color. Q. What causes explosivns of kero- b o9 A toves ?—] . mays sthat explosions of kerosene stoves are usually due to overheat- ing the stove to a point above the vaporizing témperature of the kero. sene, or using as fuel some mixture which has an evaporating point near room temperatures. By carefully cleaning the stove so that the air passages are open, and by using a good grade of kerosene, explosions can be avolded. Q.. When cannon balls were fired during the War could the soldiers hear the hiss or sound of them in time to avoid them?—E. H. T. A. When a cannon is discharged, the speed of the shell is so rapid that it gives no warning of its approach until it strikes an object, when an explosion occurs. 7The modern shells travel faster than sound. Q. Why is the rainhow alwavs in| the form of an arch?—M. B. A. Since the raindrop is a sphere, the red rays of the primary bow ar sent off in the form of a cone having the drop at its vertex and making an angle of 42 degrees with the axis of the cone. The red ray, therefore, can be seen, from different drops. In anv direction that makes an angle of 42 degrees with the axis of the how—that is, with the line that passes through the sun and the eve of the observer—— and hence its form will be cireular. Q. What does O. H. M. S. on a Ca- | nadian letter mean? z A. These letters in lieu of a stamp mean “On His Majesty's Service. Q. What is the derlvation of the word grocer?—N. T. A. This was originally gromser, one who sold by the gros Q. Is the Alaska hair seal ever used for garments? w. A. Caps and slippers are often made of this humble fur. Q. Is maple sugar made any place outside of the United States”—S. R. A. The production of maple sugar and maple sirup is purely an Ameri- can industry, Canada being the only country other than the United State. where they are mad skin C. Q. To what extent does the Soviet government of Russia control the business of the country?—A. T. M. A. Owned by the national govern- ment and operated by it through sub. sidiary state organizations are the merchant marine, railroads, telegraph, telephone, radio, the leading banks, iron, steel, coal oil and textile in 'C J. HASKIN. fron, gald, siver, malt. sul- other mines, all the forelgn trade and a large part. of the retail {and wholesale domestic trade, con sions for jumbering, mining. ste., are for a limited time only. Tand ewner ship is also in the state, altheugh leased 1o private occupants. Q. Please give the base principles {and methods of the handiing of the United States mail.—R. D. W. A. The Post Office Department says that mail is dropped in the box, pickad up by the colléctor and placed on the facing table in the post office. It in then picked up. with all the stamps arranged according to the size of the envelope and run through the can {celling machine. The mail is then taken to a primary distribution case and there assorted into various hoxes: then taken to a State case. whers it is distributed according to officas In the State, and tied out in bundles accord ing to train _schedules. When it reaches the office to which it ix ad dressed it is distributed by clerks 1o routes in the city by numbers, | number representing a city The city carrier on his next trip des livers the mail to the street address | of the party addressed. Q. | pectin | A What is the difference between and gelatin?-N. 8. Pectin is of vegetabie origin and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and xygen. Gelatin is of animal origin and contains nitrogen in addition to the elements found in pectin. Q. What assocfation does a per- son have to belong to in order to |attempt to swim the English Chah- | nel>—R. B. L. | A. It is not necessary to he affli- |ated with any assoclation in ord: to swim the English Channel. It i« | customary that the swimmers have | managers and trainers and some | financial backing covering the ex- penses of the trip. L. | Q. 1Is there anything that can he | done to stop the glsre of automobile lights as the cars approach at night? |—o. T. B. | A. There are glare shields that can be adjusted to the windshiel of cars when needed, which are sald 10 minimize the glare. . How much money is spent in advertising by mall x A. In 1925 the 250,000,000 was spent in direct mall advertising, $100,000,000 in business papers, $700, 000,000 in newspapers-and §154,449,824 in magazines. Prederic J. Haskin is employed by | this paper to hanmdle the inquiries of | our readers. and you are invited to call upon him as freely and as often (a8 you please. Ask anything that i a matter of fact and the authoriy il | be quoted you. There is no charge | for this service. sk what you want | sign your name and address. and in- | close 2 cents in stampe for return | postage. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Has- | kin, Director, Washington, D, C. Nation Praises Weeks’ Service In Navy, Congress and Cabinet Pride in the career of a patriotic and able American citizen is reflected in widespread newspaper comment on the death of John W. Weeks. When he retired from the Coolidge cabinet last vear, this son of New England had served the Nation as an officer of the Navy, as Representative in Con- gress and Senator, and finally as Sec- retary of War during the difficult period of reconstruction following the World War. In private life he was an aver- age citizen of high purpose.” ve the Detroit News (independent). not heyond the range of one’s own circle and yet exemplifying in heroic proportions those common virtues of | everyday life. Washington, knowing him through many years' service, re- garded him with affection for his char- acter and with admiration for his ability. The Nation should be proud and happy fon the possession of such men, for while great genius appears in emargency to assume the leadership, it is the lesser men of sound integrity, unadulterated loyalty and great devo- tion who, when, as in this case, they are able men, form the enduring ele- ment in_national life.” The Baltimore Sun (independent) finds cause for comment in the fact that while Mr. Weeks “was a strict party man, a member of the coterle which for a number of years domi- the Republican pational organi- he was not a time-serving poli- 7a tician.” The Sun estimates his serv jces as revealing “executive talent M‘ & high order, a constructive mind and noteworthy industry.” and adds that in hoth houses of Congress “he made his influence felt. particularly in fur- thering sound financial legislation, his training and experience as a business man giving weight to his counsel. * ® % ¥ Declaring that “he gave the Nation a service for which his memory de- serves reverence,” the Wichita Beacon (independent Republican) ranks Mr. Weeks as ‘‘a many-sided man” who in all his capacities “‘was able, patriotic and effective.” The Hartford Times (independent Democratic). while un willing to concede to him the status of a statesman, remarks that “in a long, distinguished business and public ca- reer, he won the warm regard of man: friends,” and that he ‘“rendered no- | table public service as a volunteer | naval reserve officer during the Span- ish War. The Reno Evening Gazette (Repub- lican), also emphaszing his military service, refers to the fact that in the war with Spain “he was commander of the second naval division on the ‘Atlantic coast, and in the House and Senate his knowledge of Navy matters was invaluable. As a member of the commission on military operations in the World War.” continues the zette, “his knowlege of conditions in the Army and Navy again come into play, and the consequent readjust- ment of operations. in the ordnance, quartermaster’s and airplane-produc- tion departments may be said to have been in great measure due to his in- tary Weeks was a big, capa- fent man for the place he oc- according to the Birming- News (independent Democratic), which adds: “During the Harding and Coolidge administrations he had heen a safe and sound counselor; and long since he would have returned to his vast private business interests if it had not heen for his willingness to serve those who helieved his presence in the cabinet was vitally important. His personality was a distinct asset to the administration he served. Referring to Mr. Weeks' position as a power in Congress and to the jm- nt part he took in “framing the Aldrich-Vreeland currency law and the Federal Reserve banking act,” the Buffalo Evening News (Republican) recognizes that “both in Congress an in the cabinet he was a conservativ: Republican and asteadying influence.” The Oklahoma City Daily loman ), concedes to him a place factor in the making of po- litical history” and affirms that “for- tunately for the ‘who remained to bring order and re- tain an establishment out of t tion from the armistice.” The reor- ganizing task following the war, the Oakland Tribune (independent Re- ys, “demanded yeoman War t" and Departmen E‘M‘d work and did man | Army it was Weeks. The Utica Observer-Dispatch (in- dependent) ranks Weeks as “a man of high honor and a fair fighter,” al- though it sees in him “a strong par- tisan” to whom “his party was al- ways right” The Akron Beacon- Journal (Republican) points out that “for a generation he was a power in his party's affairs in New Fngland and in_national conventions.” The Rock Island Argus (independent) calls him “a man of strong econvie- tions who was never afraid to express them.” His career ix described hy the Raleigh News and Observer (Demn. eratic) as that of a ma: “Stted for large affairs, with prodigious capacity for work. who won friznds as well as high public position.” His record in one of a man who made his own way,” according to the Manchester 1'nion (independent Re publican). “hecause of strength of character, courage and keen sense of responsibility, as well as mental abil- ity.” Enumerating his achievements, the Union says one notable service that stands to his credit n the consistent and determined advocacy of a military establishment lequats to the country’s needs, and combining harmoniously the Regular Army, the National Guard and the Organized Re- serve. He was no stubborn and hide- bound militarist,” continues the Union, “bhut a wise and far-seeing counselor, knowing the American people and their history, and having a comprehensive understanding of the problems they face.” “One of the most busineaslike man- Department affairs intry has ever mustered nto service,” is the tribute of the | Providence Bulletin (independent) to | the late Secretary. “Overwprk seems {to have ruined his health, and therefore | he occupies a place in the Nation's | heart near the heroes of the war." | adds the Ann Arbor Times-News (in- | dependent ). THINK IT OVER | What Do You Play? | | By William ‘Mather Lews: | |President George Washington University College athletics furnish a subject of never-ending interest. Facuiti students and the general public ar | constantly discussing problems in con | nection with those games which have ‘hben most highly developed on uni | versity fields. And among these the one under the | keenest observation is foot ball. Only professional hase ball holds higher place In the minds of the spert-loving people of America. Its devotees are legion and its critics, although not =o numerous, are active and positive. Truly, foot ball is a great game. But is it the game to which the un- dergraduate can best devote the time allotted to recreation? In classroom and laboratory the purpose of instruc- tion is to prepare the student for life. { His college work is & means to an end. His foot ball training for the most part is an and in fitself. True, he learns certain lessons in sportsman- I ship and courage and teamwork which i will be of use in the game of life. | But with the exception of the almost . neligible number who, as coaches or players, will be professional foot hall ists for a few ve@rs after graduation. no specific use will be made of the game. On the other hand, he who chooses tennis or golf or swimming or rifle shooting or any of the ather so-called minor sports as his athletic activity and perfects’ himself in it technique has an asset that he will use and enjoy and benefit by for many years. With the increasing strain thrown upon the business and professional man by the constantly increasing com- plication of modern life, it is obvious that he must have recourse to whole. some outdoor sport. We enjoy only what we do well. The time when we can learn to play games best is in our yough. FEducation for leisure hours is an all-important element in our training. He who can play a game well is not dependent on others Whom he must pay to entertain him. Perhaps the minor sports are not so ‘minor, after all. «© . 19268, br King Peatures