Evening Star Newspaper, May 25, 1926, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.........May 25, 1926 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . . Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St Ave, N Bl SaL PP LI AT, Buropean ‘Ofice: 14 Reent St.. London, ‘England. The Eveninz Star. with the Sunday marn- Ing edition, is delivered by carriers within tha city at'60 cents per month: dailv onl 45 cents per montn. Sunday only. 20 ceni per month. ~ Orders mas Po sent hy mail or telenhone Main 5000. Collection iy muce by earrier at the end of cach month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advanee. i Maryland and Virginia. funday only 25¢ All Other States and Canada. Pally and Sunday. 3 $1.00 aily onle ., The funday only . 35¢ 1 31l §3.00: 1 mo.. Member of the Associated Pres s exclusively entitled 10 the ‘use for renuhlication of al! news dis- natches credited ta it ar not atherwise cred- ed in fthis paner and alto the local news ublished herein. ATl richts of nublication ©f special disvatches herein are also reserved. = = Americanize the Washingtonian. Following the example of the Cen- tral Labor Union the Maryland State and District of Columbia Federation of Labor at its recent meeting in- dorsed without a dissenting voice the resolution proposing by constitutional amendment votinz rer the District in Congress & toral college. The new p this federation. John R. Dickman. i< a well known and public-snirvited Washingtonian and chairman of the subcommittee on eo.aperation with labor orzanizations of our eitizens foint committee on District of Colum hia national representation. To his vigorous advocacy of the constitu- tional amendment the renewed help- ful interest of the local labor organi- zations in District naticnal representa- tion is largely due. Every day it is more clearly and more generally recognized that na- tlonal representation for the District will inflict no injury upon either Na tion or Capital to counteract its obvious benefits, and that there is no resident of the Capital who in enlizh! ened self-interest should not hearti favor it. We do not seek in our movement for national representation either to hreak down or to protect the form of municipal government which Con- zress, representing the Nation. has =iven us. Congress has now the power by a majority vote to set up here any municipal government it pleases, with any degree of self-zovernment which does not involve a delegation by Con- gress of its power of general legista- tion. It will have precisely the same power, no more and no less, when the constitutional amendment empowering Congress to grant District national representation has been adopted. Some of us favor the retention of the present form of municipal govern- ment; some.of us favor its change by Congress in the direction of a larger measure of local self-government. We all come together and co-operate heartily in seeking representation in the National Government and the honor, the privilege and the power of national ~representative citizenship. We are not so foolish as to drop out of a campaign for something that we all earnestly want and absolutely need in order to quarrel without result over the entirely distinct question of local self-zovernment. . —oa Tt has been assumed in connection with prohibition enforcement that the privilege of wearing an extra badge would be regarded in some rural dis- tricts as worth the differe hetween a dollar a vear and a regular salary. ———— e Washington, D. C., has becoms a very large city. The da: ji when an extra session enabled Con- gress to regard its membership as a preponderant element of the Summer population. An explorer with financial imagina- ton may vet succeed in establishing an enterprise to mak the ice plant of the world. ——— e Not for Mr. Hughes. Hopes of New York Republicans that they may this vear regain con- trol of their State governmeni are eonsiderably dampened by the positive and apparently irrev announce- ment of Charlgs Evans Hughes that under no circumstancs Wil he be a ecandidate for the non ernor and that he w ae the nomination even were jt tendeved him. The New York Republican man- agers have regarded Mr. Hughes as their one best bet to pit against the Smith democracy, and now that they finally realize that they must iook eise- where for a gubernatorial! candidate they are all up in the 2ir and more or less in a state of consternation. That Mr. Hughes should decline to be considered as a candidate for the governorship is not an occasion for surprise. On the contrary, it would have been surprising had he permit- ted himself to be drafted. "The gover- norship, even if assured of election. could hardly prove an attraction to a man who already has served 'two terms in that office. who has served as an Assoclate Justice of the TUniied States Supreme Couri. been his part. randidate for the presidency. miss. ing the White House by only t narrowest of margins, and rounded out a distinguished public career by serving as Secretary of State in two administrations. Only the presidency itself could add luster to the honors that already have come to him. The thing of real interest in the New York situation is not that Mr. Hughes declines to run for governor, but that there should have been such unanimity of desire that he make the race. Pessimists would have us be- lieve that the standards of public life have declined and that real ability no longer counts in the hurl urly of politics. Mr. Hughes is a living refu tation of that indictment. In none of the various capacities in which he has served the public has he truckled io the professional politicians or consent- ed to play thels game unless the game the North Pole | they sought to play was for the benefit of the people. Yer the politiclans of New York State, who are-accounted about as hard-boiled as any of their kind, have been eager to draft him as the bearer of their standard and of their hopes. This may not prove that the politicians ave any less hayd-boiled than they are reputed, but it does dis- | close knowledge on their part that the everyday citizen still is clean and sound and ready to foliow the leader- ship of conspicuous ability and public virtue. So long as ‘the professional politicians continue to feel under com- pulsion to seek candidates of the cali- ber of Mr. Hughes there is no reason {io despair of the Republie. . —rme-e A Deplorable Condition. Washington's trafic situation at the present time is unique in the n- nals of progress since the avtomo- hile firsi made s its appearance on |“American streets. Due to a series of | dectsions in the Traffic Court. nulify- ing trafic regulations, and the inac- tion of the District Commissioners and of Congress, the Naticnal Capital is faced with an extraovdinary num- ber of inconsistencies in the regula- tions and with a pofice force im- potent to enforce the law because of the law's contradictions as ruled by the court. 'This has resuited in the hopeless confusion of more than 100,000 motorists, many of whom ave now in contempt of all reg- ulations and others who are normally law-abiding eltizins, but who. in the general chaos, violate the regulations and add their bit 10 the era of reck- lessness and carelessness which has overwhelmed the eity. What else ean he expected fiveton trucks nermitted orash through the streets at the same speed passenger automobiles; when frucks and bhusses are allowed by “law™ to “hog” the middle of the hizhway: when pedestrians are al- lowed to “gum up” trafic on Six- teenth street and Massachusetts ave- nue, where a series of automatic sig- nals controls all movement; when horse-drawn vehicles are allowed to roam at their own sweet will on these streets and perhaps throughout the city without regulation; when passen- ger cars and’ trucks rumble over the District’s rickety bridges at speeds of > miles an hour and when all danger signs are waved aside and motorists are permitted to push through nar- row streels and sections of roads be- ing repaired, at the same speed Add to these little matters the fact that every Washington motorist is illegally operating hix automobile; that a greal number of drivers ar- rested for serious offenses are cavort- ing through the streets while their trials are postponed time and time again; that street cars are immune trom regulations designed for the safety of the general public and that the traffic office withont enough funds to carry out the boulevard sys- tem as ordered by Congress. Is there any other city in the world where these things are permitted? Is there any other section of the coun- try with a condition to match this? Does it seem possible that the Na- tional Capital is the one spot where such « satire on civilization could be enacted? It is not only possible, but it is a fact, The remedy? Quick action by the Commissioners to restore the regula- tions which they themselves promul- gated and which have been over- turned by the court. and congressional passage of the amended traffie code. That is the answer. S 0N 2 The achievement of Mr., Vare in Pennsylvania and the attitude of Cal- ifor toward Federal dry agents combine to prevent Gen. Smedley But- ler from feeling that his sense of duty has been the means of augmenting his personal popularity — rwt— when e to is | Sovietism complains that women are, under new conditions, neglecting the home. Possibly too many of the housewives have wearied of dome:}lir cares and decided to become Russian ballet dancer e The champagne bath adv. has been worked to the verge of desperation. It only remains for its promoters to give ‘a fairly entertaining show in order to | reap a liberal pecuniary h o A safe and sane Fourth of July does not necessarily preciude the display of a few traditional fireworks that will add sentimental zest to Philadelphia’s | sesquicentennial celebration. The U. S. and the League. Developments of the last few days at Geneva tend to allay two sets of fears which had to do with the United States and the League of Nations. One set of these fea: having root in American soil. held that this country could have no contacts or relations with the league without the practical certainty of perilous involvement in war-breeding European affairs. The other sel, rooted in Europe, held that America could play no helpful part in adjustment of world problems uniess it became a member of the league. Right now America is playing a highiy use- {ful part in the Swiss city which is the seat of the league. and is managing with admirable skill 10 avoid involve- ment in European quarrels. At vesterday's session of the pre- liminary disarmament conference. Hugh X, Gibson, headinz the Ameri can delegation. announced that the United States would interpose no oh- jection to the discussion of proposals lookinz to some sort of league control over the armaments of nations which enter into limitation agreements under league auspices. 1t was possible for Mr. Gibson to assume this position of friendly neutrality because the Ameri- can contention that such agreements should be regiona! rather than univer- sal had met with general acceptance by the powers represented at Geneva. The meaning of this, of course, is that if the nations of Western Europe, say, want to enter into a compact for the limitation of armaments accompanied by ‘mutual security pledges and wish to intrust supervision of their accord to the League of Nations, the United States not only will' have ne obje tions, but will wish them well. The same would be true of the center of Furope nations or the Balkan states or any other group of powers. " The ) THE EVENIN United States has no intention of tak- ing its doll rags and departing from Geneva merely because other nations desire to make use of the league's machinery pending that happy day when there can be universal disarma. ment without pledges of security or an national policeman to keep the | ¢ the nations of the Old World. by any sort of device, can make war less likely and lighten the burden of arma ments, the nations of the New World will rejoice, and there need be no fear that the New World nations will not be able to adjust their own armaments to their all-around satisfaction. The the pace for both of the Americassand thera is na nation. either near or dis tant. wanich feels that it needs to keep ar additional man under arms because i -he United States maintains. And this {country having pioneered the most im- poriant siep ever taken toward the limitation of naval armaments, there is not anywhere warrant for, nor does there appear to be, apprehension be- cause of America’s naval strength. e Maryland Justice. Richard R. Whittemore, alleged head of a weil organized and success- ful criminal-gang, veceived quick ac- ction in Baltimore when he was con- victed of first-degree murder by a jury in a little more than an hour. Whitte- more, who was arvested in New York with a number of his companions, was shown to have had a long criminal career. Sent to Buffalo to stand trial for the murder of hank guards, he ucceeded in heating the case. Balti- more then claimed him for the killing of a prison keeper in a sensational escape he made from the jail there some vears ago. His speedy trial and quick conviction show that Maryland Justice will not tolerate delay. In order to frustrate any attempt on the part of Whittemore to make use of legal technicalities for delay in I carrying out the sentence of the court, ’the State’s attorney has asked for a special session of the Supreme Court, in order that the appeal of the bandit may be acted upon at once. 1f the session is not held, no action on the appeal can be had until the latter part of .lune. 1t is & matter of vitgl importance that this arch-criminal should be made to feel the heavy hand of justice as soon as it s legally possible. Murder- ers and bandits have too often es- caped the proper penalties for their crimes. Delay in the courts has heen the bane of law enforcement for many years and has acted. in many cases, as an encouragement the commission of crime. Baltimore has set a fine example to the country in dealing with her crim- inals. Whittemore received a fair trial and following action on his ap- peal should iminediately be made to pay the penalty for his life of wrong- doing. Quick justice and sure justice will do more than any other one thing to make those with criminal procliv- ities think twice before they embark on their fllegal undertakings. 10 ———— The fact that President Coolidge is not sensitive to senatorial criticism has been so frequently demonstrated that by this time it should create little surprise. Yet the eloquent expression of amazement never fails to mate- rialize. e Limitation of armaments is a sub- ject that revives the skeptical com- ment of the hick vaudeville performer on the hoastful dectarations of a pro- tessional associate, “It’s a good trick it you can do it. OS—- 1t must he candidiy noted that the inquiries concerning former Attorney General Daugherty are not attracting nearly the dramatic interest attached to some of the inquiries he instituted. - SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Polar Privacy. Up there The freezing air Invites the weary mind KFrom human kind. 0'p there The polar bear Cares naught for wets or drys Nor for the beauty prize Nor for the moral wrath Roused by a champegne bath, He parks where he may choose Nor heeds the hectic news Of dictatorial sway Asserted far away Where men proclaiming peace The means of war increase, This human lot grows sad. It might not seem half bad To be a polar bear Up there! Influential Economies. “How do you manage to make both ends meet on your salary?” “By careful management swered Senator Sorghum. “I practice personal economies with so much con- spicuousness that they serve as valu-, able campaign material Usual Finish, Investigation as it moves Our nerves is testing: Yet in the end it always proves Uninteresting. Jud Tunkins says the farmer is al- ways lookin® for some kind o' relief —but ‘whe isn't? Paris Outdone. “Are vou going to Paris this year?" “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne. “I want to show those Parisians a few of the latest American fashions."” Discretions. The secret which Success may bring 1s knowin' when To say a thing. Another secret . None should lack 1= knowin' when To take it back. “Kolks is not as easy impressed as dey used to he,” said Uncle Eben. “De time has lonz passed when a man could git hisself a reputation foh great wisdom simply by wearin’ long ‘whiskers,” United States and Canada, with 3.000 | miles of undefended horder, have set | of the stzengch of the land forceswhich | STAR. Who would want a phonograph that had no records to put on, or & radie with no dials to turn, or a fur- nace that runs itself? The answer is: Everybody would! 'his does not alter, but rather proves, our proposition today, that life in tending to become Loo easy for our own good. 1t man evolved his thinking through | the use of his hands, in the formation {of tools, it still remains best for men and women io have something to do, does it not We often have wondered how very |bored the very rich must be, walited 2 hand and foor by retinues of serv- ors. The {action in life. over which no one m: safely step, it seems to us. This line, in everyday life, often is entirely overlooked, but it exists just the same, whether one sees it or not. I is there, and if we miss it, misses us, 1o onr loss, | It is trua the tendency in modern life is toward labor-saving devices, which is all very well, in its way, un- {less it vidual case. Regarded as a general matter, such progress has out heart- est sympathy. Looked upon from the individual standpoint, however, one has to take it with a grain of salt to prevent it from turning life into a do-less, think- less state, where everything becomes 100 easy. Some devices before the public today ought to be required by law to flash this warning in bright letters, so that the happy purchaser might realize no one has any just cause for com- plaint against ns in regard to re- straint of trade. We fe¢l that there is something in what we say. Take the case of M Jones. As she lives many miles from hera we can give her lamentable his- tory without any fear of her seeing herself in print. Not that we would dread any ven- zeance on her part, for we have only sympathy for Mrs. Jones and sorrow for her unhappy fate. She is a strik- ing Instance, that is all, of what may Ty of hefore it is too late that happinees does not necessarily coms as the ve | =ult of being relieved of work, trouble or warry. In 99 out of 100 cases the prospec: tive purchaser would buy the thing just the same, o that it may ha xeen happen to one when suddenly relieved of the accustomed routine Before the war Mrs. Jones was a hard - working, God - fearing woman, who took in washing for a living. She livad in a humble cottage down near the railroad and was generally es- teemed. In the city where she lived no is looked down upon for any o work they do. just so long as it is honorable, necessary work. Dan the barher is” just as Rood as Dan the bank president. Either Dan would re- sent a “tip” from the other. In larger cities, unfortunately. this splrit. is somewhat checked. for where 80 many are utterly unknown one must of necessity be cautious. Every one knows.every one else In the smail place. hut this fs not true in the great city. The spawn of a metropolis often 100k _auite well. Thera i3 no telling by “looks."” * ok k¥ Mrs. Jones washed clothes clean and white, and was esteemed for the WASHINGTON, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. 3 e of in-| » is a danger line of {a new home. | person gave, so that soon the commit- i, is carried too far in the indi-! { with her splend TUESDAY. way she did what she did. She did not play bridge, of course, nor often at- tend the none-too-frequent evenings of grand opera. She had a son by the name of Jim. a big fellow who had a hard time holding his job, so that he was not bothered about giving it up when the war came along. He went to.France, and was the first man killed from his town. The folks hack home were not satisfled to merely build a gigantic memorial— they wanted to do the thing right. ‘Fheir blg hearts got busy. so busy, in fact. that their brains had no op- portunity to function. Nothing would do but 7" campaign 1o bulld Mrs. Jones It big. went over Kvery patriotic | tee had much money it dld not know what to do with It “They bought a fine lot at the edge of the city park and built thereon a beautiful home, in the very latest style, with painted walls, hardwood floors and an electric washer. And in that beautiful mansion they installed the poor woman whose hands were red with honest toil, and who was never to feel “at home’ again. They put her down, bag and baggage, amid elaborate Persian rugs and velvet window drapes, and the com- mittee came in all its splendgr, and the whole town came, and they told Mrs. Jones in many and varied ways how much they esteemed her son and her. * ok oK ¥ She was very happy. although somewhat frightened. She thanked the grand committee ag best she could. and every one cheered. and then all departed to leave Mrs. Jones alone She sits now. “all dressed up.” as a sort of exhibit on the edge of the park. You will find eluborate floor covering there, im which is woven the Batile®of the Marne and tha name of her hoy. Of course she is proud. Cer- tainly she is grateful. But those who know her bhest say «he is not happy there. Poor woman, how could she he?> Life has been made too easy for her. She used to be tired, hut happy. Now she is rested—and bored. * K K K .Perhaps more of us than are willing to admit it are in some danger of be- ing placed, ail unwittingly, in the position of Mrs. Jones, If not exactly a sort of “'side show,”” bored by “sight- seers,” at least as an jllat-ease wit- ness of our own attampts to abstract happiness out of a curious thing call- ed Life. We love progrees as much as any and welcome each new invention, each improvement on an old one. with such opening of the pockethook as our financial status warrants. Even as we do s0, however. our in flexible conscience tells us that if this thing does not cease oon we will be in danzer of becoming a sort of Vogi or something. We will never have to hop up and put a vecord on the phonograph any more—our new one plays itself! Al we have to do is look at the radio, and it brings in KGO. A mere volition on our parts turns on the furnace. 1f we crook the left little finger our house uniformly registers 68 degrees, while if we fwirl the right one the temperature goes to 70 degrees and “stays put’— just as we are in danger of becoming. Formidabl;a Support Behind Fight on Two-Thirds Rule Tu the number and vigor champions the present movement to discard the historic two-thirds rule in Democratic national conventions has assumed most formidable proportions. “Abolition of the two-thirds rule has ceased to be a cause for division hetween the major factions of the party.” in the opinion of the Knox- ville Sentinel. ‘“T'he friends of Mr. McAdoo, who came within reach of a majority on the sixty-ninth ballot at Madison Square Garden in 1924 plead {ed for an agreement to aholish the rule, but the friends of Gov. Smith as warmly . opposed it. RBoth sides are now represented as favorable to the abolition of the rule in 1928. In view of the situation, the prospects would seem to he promising for a re- turn to the fundamental principles of Jeffersonian Democracy in the con- duct of the next Democratic national convention.” In opposition to thix conclusion is that of the Little Rock Arkansas Democrat (Democratic), which argues: “It is admitted that the two-thirds rule, in a broad sense, is an incon- gruity in a party whose principles are Jeffersonian. However, that is only one side of the argument. The rule also makes it more difficult for 2 handful of bosses to put over a candidate by a bare majority. Sen: tor Robinson is correct when he says ‘there is much to be said on both sides of the question.’ " ““The two-thirds custom.” according to the Nashville Banner (independ- ent), “has really brought little or no harm to the party,” although the Banner concedes that “much may he said in favor of the majority plan.” and cites the fact that ‘“the record of Republican victories in contests for the presidéncy is not an argument against majority rule in conventions.” However, this paper believes that, “taken by and large, it is not so much the majority or the two-thirds rule or the unit or non-unit rule for the control of delegates as it is the stand- ing of the party making the nomina- tions and the political and personal character of the nominees.” “The general spirit and discipline of the party is what is important.” as viewed by the New York World (inde- pendent Democratic). “If it is aroused by a great issue, or if it is dominated by an outstanding statesman, as De- mocracy was by Cleveland from 1884 to 1892, and by Wilson from 1912 to 1920, the convention will register its will with quick precision. If it is di- vided as the gold and silver Demo- crats were divided in 1896 and the | progressive and conservative Repub- licans in 1912, no perfection of rules can save it from factional strife and bitterness. What count more than the party’s rules are ‘its issues and its leadership.” ““We hope this effort to rid the Dem- ocratic party of jts ‘old man of the sea’ will succeed,” declares the Chat- tanooga News (Democratic). ‘“Thomas Jefferson’s ecardinal political formula was that the majority rule. It is ab- surd that thls be prevented in the nominating conventions of the party which Jefferson founded.” The Provi. dence Journal (independent) says ‘“‘no other party holds to the two-third rule, and an organization with the name and traditions of - the Demo- cratic party is peculiarly illogical in adhering to i The Christian Sci- ence Monitor (independent) likewise points out that “the two-thirds rule might more properly be termed a one- third rule, for it has frequently bean possible for one-third of the accredited delegates to ‘thwart the will and nul- lity the desires’ of more than a ma Jority of the delegates.™ “If the bitter fight of 1924 is to he renewed.” the Bristol Herald-Courier (indzpendent Democratic) believes, “it will make little difference whether the nomination Is made under the two- thirds rule or a majority rule. The nominee will b> defeated before the campaign begins. But the two-thir rules should be abolished. There may Bave been times when it worked to of its [the advantage of the Democratic party, but there may as well he times when it will werk 1o she party’s dis- advantage. Besides. the rule is not Democratic or just.” 'The Savannah Press (Democralic) agrees that “‘unde: the new agitation the two-thirds rule seems to have no friends: all the can- didates are against it.” The Greens- boro Daily Record (independent Demo- cratic) also favors “‘abrogation of the mpractical rule.” he two-thirds rule is playing into Republican hands."contends the Dur- ham Sun (independent). “While ap- preciating the fact that the fight to abolish the two-thirds rule is little more than well begun and that it s entirelv possible the move wiil t with defeat in 1928, in the event of future success for the step, we should still doubt the South will he much disturbed over the threatened loss of the so-called veto power. At best, the veto power is a negative advantage, and the South, as much as any other section, feels the pressing need for some positive force for the party in its_entirety.” “By and large.” the Newark Eve- ning News (independent) points out. “it has been the history of Demacracy that any man who could get actuaj majority in the conventions became the nominee. The Wilson experience undoubtedly will be cited as an ar- gument in favor of retaining the rule, which still has many strong Support- ers. Rut it is unwieldv, provocative of long delays and hard feelings and not in keeping with the irue spirit of miodern Democrac he Waterloo Tribune (independent) believes that “the two-thirds rule makes for disor- ganization and dissatisfaction”: the Saginaw News Courier (independent) that “it is a detriment rather than an asset,” and the Portland Dregon Jour- nal (independent) that “it has brought numerous disasters to the party." The Rochester Times-Union (inde- pendent) reviews the matter and con. cludes: “It the rule is judged prac- tically and not theoretically, it.cannot be said in general to have worked fll. In a sense it might actually work for good. It may compel the nomination of a man who can harmonize the con- tending groups.” ——————____ A Road School. From the Acn Arbor Times News. Announcement that the University of Michigan is to be offered an en- dowment for the establishment of a highway transport and highway traf- fic engineering school comes, perhaps, at an opportune time in the develop- ment of a national crisis. - Regulation of traffic has become an' important task for every community, and particularly the metropolitan communities. The loss of 23,000 lives annually in traffic, accidents proves conclusively that the situation is seri- ous. Trained men are needed to solve the problem to the best advantage in eve city, and therefore something comprehensive must be done to pro- vide these men. ‘The endowment represents a con- tribution to human safety, because only by. efficient traffic regulations— and these oftentimes involve high- way engineering problems—can the maximum of saféty be attained. It would seem that a school of traffic en- gineering therefore would rank well in importance beside the .school of business administration. Such a school would open an opportunity, not pro- vided now by merely a ‘“‘department,” for many young men to find their place in the sun, as well as helping to find remedies for the evil represented by the annual wastage of human life. Just what will be done with the offer is not clear at present. There may be some reason for rejecting it, but as a matter of principle jt would seem to merit serious thought, if for no other reason that it would afford the opportunity for the State which is the home of the automobile industry to MAY 25, 1926, NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M 1 THE LIFE OF ELBERT H. (:Al'(\fl' Tda M. Tarbell. D. Appleton & ¢ The life of Elbert H. Gary runsj alongside the rise and swift growth of modern industry in America. The public service of Judge Ga is that of a pioneer in the mos critical period of this suddenly expanding business activity and opportunity. Therefore, the essential story of the man himself proves 1o he also the story of salient and vital turning points in the phenomenal industrial development of the past 50 years in this country. Such merger of any markedly influential man with his times gives to passing events them- selves the invaluable content of hu- man motive and purpose and action. This human content. of affairs is necessary to any adequate compre- hension of those affairs or of the di- recting forces within them. The iden- tification between individual service and general progress insures to that immediate history which these current events so soon become the direct les- son and experienced guidance that represent the supreme aim of all his- tory. A biographic study of this kind projects character itself in its succes- sive stands before issues that concern the full body of composite life that, indeed, constitute that life. And, bar- ring those enfeebling attitudes before it that ave of pious and sentimental origin, character is bevond question the vital essence of man as an indi- vidual and of men as peoples. * % %k Tn the study of Judge Gary's career, Miss Tarbell makes use of this more useful biographic method. doing away completely with the mere chronology that used to stand for the study of a life. Not the clock ticking off the vears of a man_serves here. Rather is the record made hy way of the motivating brain and the impelling heart-beat. A background. broadly supports this definitely pe of character expressing itself through the demands of life upon it. In part, this background deals with those po- tent blood strains which in every n set the drift of individual feelings and thoughts, predisposing toward this course or away from that one. In other part the background defines the externals of the Elbert H. Gary situation. These include, broadly, the active Western movement of 75 years ago. More specifically they point upon a little settlement in northern Tllinois where the Gary caravan rested, where the Gary family settled. When Elbert Gary was but a vear old, the first 7 miles of railroad west of Chi- cago was bullt, a line that touched the Gary land holdings. and that had no little to do in the subsequent affairs of the Gary family. Soon the widening grain fields of the fecund rie soil called for more railroads, more canals, a speeding up of river navigation. Iron and coal crept out from their deep hiding places to fire a host of new furnaces, to provide locomotives and rails and farm ma chinery. A period of great waking-up in this near cut West! Such was the early setting. In its midst, the youth. A hoy of Puritan stock into whose blood had gone the industry and thrift I!’ml l!\e lean and reluctant hills of New England had engendered in the ancestry of Elbert Gary. A (fair dealing youngster who loved work as other boys love play. leaping into it as the joyous swimmer from some high point cleaves the waters below. * % % ok The study sets off like a story and so continues to the end. 1t is plain that the author is in deep sympathy with her theme. At once the reader, 100, becomes absorbed. But soon Iittle féars run out to meet this reader. Is i€ possible that this young man is to be denatured to the state of an fm- possible perfection that has so' many times defeated the induence of heroes of history? A real fear—but, happily, a groundless one. For after about 60 pages of superexcellence put off on young ¥ the author squares the deal by fronting her hero upon a real knock-down fight with his fists. The reader feels better. pursuing there- after a way that for ¥lbert Gary has many a fight. many exciting en- counter with forces as fierce. as in- genious, ageressive. vindictive and im- placuble as human nature ean invent. * ok x sketched, onal study The pace ance sel. the story spreads rapidly and absorbingly to meet the period of “big husiness.” to the rise of ‘the “trust.” The latter a kind of Juggernaut. or so, it seemed to people of small affairs. grinding over lesser industries, sweeping them into its all- including maw. This was the day of the business pirate and buccaneer, identical in spirit with the old law- less rovers of the sea. In the midst of this orgy of great industrial combi- nations acquired by force, promoted without ruth, maintained in defiance of moral and statutory law, there moved a vourg lawyver, who had deep- Iy interested himself in corporate law and in the business of corporations. Now this young man believed in the corporation—not as he saw it working around him. but as he saw it in a vision that embodied his ideal of this instrument of great business under takings. To think of this voung man. a great population coupled with enor mous production, with increasing tech- nical difficnlties in meeting promptly a thousand scientific discoveries economies and the increased efficiency of the business corporation. Not, how- ever. for this instrumentality as he saw it working around him. X loose aggregation of parts urged into feverish operation by brute forcé and often in disregard of the best inter- ests of life itself. Not this. Rather, a genuine integration of the allied ele- ments and factorss that constitute a great general business—all the parts in & natural alliance; each contribut- ing its office promptly at the right point of need; all interdependent, the health and efficiency of the whole resting upon the health and efficiency of each part. Indeed, the ideal corpo- ration was to be an organism. as the human body is an organism. In such an integration the health of both capi- tal and labor must in every respect be maintained at a high level in order that the great public, in whose inter- est this organism functions, may be best served. Through many years the thoughts and efforts of Judge Gary ran something after this fashion. In that time he served several corpora- tions. Then he became, in effect. the United States Steel Corporation. Read- ing this admirably conceived story you will discover the romance of Kl hect Gary's business career. and vou will come upon the story of steel—also a romance. Besides, yon have at hand a very clear analysis of the corpor tion as it functions in the business world. You will be able to trace the changes that have come to it, very largely through the broad human vision of Judge Gary—a vision that not once loses sight of the human ele- ment in business, a vision of rare co- ordinating power, of business sagaci- ty, of financial Integrity. An open, hospitable man. inviting the United States Government to look into the workings of the Steel Corporation in order tosuggest desirable modifications for the benefit of the public. Twenty years ago the trust was a reregade in business and politics. It was set outside the law. Today the business corporation, recognized as a necessity at the present status of industrial af fairs, is being encouraged to co-op- erate with the Government by pro- moting great enterprises in every as- take the lead in solving some of the pect of lawful and beneficent eff- serious preblems connected with mo-|ciency, That change must count Judge tor car operation. Sk Gary es ons of fts agencies. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. . Q. What is the size of the Liberty Bell, which will hang at the entrance of the Sesquicentennial Exposition grounds?—S. A. B. A. The bell will weigh 42 tons. 1t will be suspended from supports 70 feet high, with a road clearance of 20 feet 6 inches. Q. Do the hirds that migrate to the | Sonth nest there?—. T. | A. They do not. While the native | birds of the South are nesting, 'hql visitors are taking a vacation. | Q. Will wh H. T, A. There is no evidence. anthor ties state. for helieving that wheat | will grow wild. | Q. How many U tors and airplanes were World War?—H. L. L. A. The number of aviators Kkilled | in the American Expeditionary Forces | wasx 498; deaths by battle by accident, 264. In th Expeditionary Forces 289 States airplanes were destroved and | 45 balloons. t grow wild? nited States avia- | lost in the Q. What causes sundogs and why are the rays of light upright?—C.| D. R. A. Sundogs are caused by the hend ing of light from the sun as it passes through snow crystals in a particular position. This bending is of such na- ture as to make the light brightest at a certain distance from the sun. The sundog is colored because the different colors in the sunlight are unequally bent—the red least of all and the blue most. The sundogs are upright—that is, longer up and down than horizontally—because the snow vstals that produce them, while ughly in the same position, more or lexs from side to side in every | direction. | Q. What Is considered the greates: single feat of the Civil G. A. R. A "T'hig is, of course, a matter of opinion. One of the outstanding in-, dividual feats was the rally of the Union troops by Sheridan when they had heen beaten and disorganized by the Southern troops with Karly in command. Q. Who sald, “Mauve is just pink trying to be purple”?—C. E.-T. A, This saving is credited ‘Whistler. What is the temperature of jthe mid-Atlantic at the surface and at & depth of several miles?—W. A. G. . to | | to 315 Inches wide. and 2 to manner similar to friction matches, except that the phosphorus is no. present on the head of the match. In order to ignite the match it must be rubbed over a surface coated with phosphorus, which thus acts in a manner similar to the second dip of a friction matel Q. How large is the Goodvear plant at Akron?—T. T. N. A. The Goodyear plant ha= a floor space of 183 acres, employs more than 30,000 workers. turns out 25.000 tires dally and a great variely and quantity of hy-preducts in addition. and its total sales last vear were almost $170,000.000. Q. Where is Montmartre?— M. &. P, A. Montmartre is a quarter in the nerthern part of Paris which former- lv was a separate mmune. Q. What Is a klafter? . A. A. The klafter was a _measure for- merly used in Austria. It is equal to 2.0740 yards. Q. How a redio’ photographs made and developed”- A. B. F. A. Mr. C. Francis Jenkins, inventor of radio telephony, gives the follow- ing explanation: “At the London end radio signals are sent by means of & photo electric cell which converts the light valves of the photograph into electric current. This modulated elec- tric current is then put on a rad carrier wave which is picked up i the United States. The incoming radio signals operate on an ink pen which puts dots of different sizes on a white piece of paper. The grouping of these dots. and the size of them, makes up the picture somiewhat similar to the half-tone dots of the illustrations in the newspaper. which dots can easily he seen under a reading glass.” Q. What size should a woman's vis- iting eard he?-N. €. W. A. A woman's visiting ca There however, no fixedl Q. How is Hopi pronounced and what does it mean?—W. R. £ A. The Indian name Hopi is pro nounced with a long o. and i sound ing like long e. 1t means peaceful ones. There ia no other agency in the +world that can ansiwer as many legiti- mate questions as our Free Informa- tion Bureau in Washington. D. C This highly organized institution has been built up and is under the per- A. The Weather Bureau sayvs that the surface temperature at latitude 40 degrees N. and longitude 40 de- grees W. varies from about 60 de- grees F. in February to some 74 degrees F. in August. At great depths the temperature is constant and not_ahove 35 degrees . or 36 degrees F. Q. How do safety matches differ from friction matches « Safety matches are made in a sonal direction of Frederic J. Has By keeping in constant touch with Federal burcaus.and other educational enterprises it is in_a position to pass on to yow authoritative information of the highest order. Submit your queries o the staff of experts whose services are put at your free disposal. There is no charge except 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Address The Evening Star Information Bu— reau. Frederic J. Haskin, dircetor, Washington, D. €. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL Y The “decree” of President Coolidge. alleged to “draft 10,000 State officers into Federal service for the enforce- ment of the prohibition law,” has oc- casioned more discussion in Congress and elsewhere than any executive act in_many months. ‘The main weakness in the oppo- sition is now declared by supporters of prohibition to be that no: such “draft” order has been issued. They contend that the criticisms aimed at what does not exist, and never has Lexisted, are simply propaganda of the “wets” and of partisan opponents of the administration. President Coolidge’s executive order is not a mandatory ‘“draft,” but is merely permissive, It authorizes the Treasury Department, through its Assistant Secretary, Gen. Lincoln Andrews, to employ State officers, in case they are individually approved and are willing to serve, and are in a State where no law prevents their serving. . There is no compulsion either upon the Federal officers or the State officials. 1t expressly exempts all States whose laws forbid State s from serving as Federal of- ficers. Interviews with Gen. Andrews in- dicate that there is no present inten- tion to apply the order outside of California, although the order gives no such restricted view. It reads as follows: “In order that they may more ef-\ ficiently function in the enforcement of the national prohibition act, any State. county or municipal officer may be appointed at a nominal rate of ¢compensation as prohibition officer of the Treasury Department to en- force the provisions of the national prohibition act, and acts supplemental thereto, in States and Territories, ex- cept in those States having constitu- tional or statutory provisions against State officers holding office under the Federal Government.” Commentators and political critics. say prohibition attorneys. have all ooked that clause following the word “except.” * K Kk President Grant issued an order in 1573 prohibiting any person holding a 'l"ederul position from holding office under any State or local goverment —except notaries and justices of the peace. President Coolidge merely adds to that “‘exception” all prohibi- tion agents. If Grant had the power which is undisputed—to issue such an order. with such specific excep- tions. why has a similar order by President Coolidge less authority? ask the attorneys. It fis further argued by them that since President Coolidge's order is not mandatory it cannot possibly be an invasion of State rights. A State officer who accepts the Federal service might be removed by his superiors in State government on the ground that his dual service in- terferes with his efficiency in his State oftice, but, they argue, the President expressly tects State rights in that “exception” above quoted. * koK X Gen. Andrews is quoted as saving that “the eighteenth amendment’— not ihe Presidént’s executive order— “has abolished State rights.” He referred to the abolishment of the “right” of a State to thwart Federal enforcement of the Volstead law under the eighteenth amendment, which gives “concurrent power” to both Kederal and State authorities to enforce—but never to thwart. Such’ “concurrent power’' exists as to no other law: hence. the status of pro- hibition enforcement is peculiar, for the eighteenth amendment made it to differ from all other laws in enforce- ment. This concurrent power has been interpreted by' the United States Supreme Court—253 U. S. 350. "It had been contended by the ‘‘wets” that “concurrent power” meant that the Federal Government had power in such areas as were under Federal con- trol and the States had power within their respective boundaries. ‘This contention was set aside by the court's decision that “the concurrent power to enforce this article by ‘ap- propriate legisiation’ does not enable Congress or the several States to de- feat or thwart enforcement, but only Rightly does this author summarize the man—a statesman in the field of industry. A book to he read in joy because of its high value in ¥act and because of s flavor of romance. . COLLINS. to enforce it hy appropriate legisla- tion.” Mr. Chief Justice White. in that decision, added that the amendment made it the duty of Congress to define what is intoxication—it did not au- thorize legislatures to so define intoxi cating beverages, but it conferred upon the States only ‘“concurrent power to enforce” the law, as adopted by Congress. The legal department of the Anti Saloon League points to New York's alleged futile and illegal attempt to thwart the law. When New York adopted the Mullen-Gage law in 1921, that repealed all previous laws con flicting with it. Then. in 1 | Legislature repealed the Mullen-G, law, but that repeal did not reinstate the repealed laws prior to its adoption in 1921. Hence, New York today fas no enforcement laws. and is standinz in the position of certain antebellum States in attempted nullification «f the Federal Constitution—itself an un- constitutional effort. Under that interpretation they con tend that the repeal in 192 When Gov. Smith sizned the repe: he expressiy based it upon a sta ment that State Jaw was unnec since all State officers were oblizated by their oaths 10 enforce Federal laws. Query. by the anti-saloon attorneyv: Does Gov. Smith and his advisers an prove now of State officers accepti the Federal dollar-a-vear obligation authorized by President Coolide executive order? * x ox x In the case 140 N. E., 295, Goulis vs. Stone, Chief Justice Rugg of the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled: “A magistrate of the Commonwealth mhile not compulsorily required, may, at his option. under Revised Statutes of the United States, section 1014, act as committing magistrate in cases un- der the Volstead act, there heing noth- ing in the State constitution or statutes or public policy restraining him from so acting.” In California, in the case Haris vs Superior Court, 196, page 895, the Dis- trict Court of Appeals held: “Under United States Statutes. section 1011 (United St Comp. Statutes, section 164), “A valid warrant may he issued direct to a police officer of a city to arrest for violation of the national prohibi law. commonly known as the Volstead law Section 1014, referred to by the court in both cases. was adopted Sep- tember 24, 1789. It provides (abbre- viated) as follow That “f any crime or offense against the United States, the offender may, by any justice or judge of the United States * * * or by a mavor of a city. justice of the peace or other magistrate of ai State where he may be found * * at the expense of the United States, be arrested and imprisoned or bailed, as the case may be, for trial before such court of the United States as by law has cogni- zance of the offense.” Lawyers of the Anti-Saloon League contend that’ that law, preceding President Coolidge's order by 137 vea gave identically the same ef fect to State officers’ authority in Federal laws as does this ¥ * x ok % 1f. however, according Walsh, a State officer. where there is no Stateenforcing law. were to undertake to arrest a violator of the Volstead law, without being sworn in under Federal authority. and_the prisoner should resist arrest and be killed. the officer would have mo pro- tection as an officer of the State only. In case of an arrest without conviction the officer would be liable to prosecution for false arrest. The Anti-Saloon League concedes that this may be the law, in spil of the moral obligation, as expressed in the oath taken by all State of- ficers, from governor down to con- stable, to enforce the United States Constitution and laws and the Con- stitution and laws of his State. Such an oath. is required by all Staté eon- stitutions, and it was a condition précedent to the State’s admission into the Unlon that such loyalty to the Federal Government must he prescribed. When a governor violates his oath to support the Federal Constitution how can he be reached? There is no provision for Congress to imbeach a governor or any other-State official. ' (Cooyright. 1070, by, Pail %y, to Senntor