Evening Star Newspaper, October 25, 1925, Page 24

THE SUNDAY U.S.FUNDSMAY GET ARGTIC FOR NORWAY World’'s Eyes Turned North to Great Spaces Yet Unclaimed. The pic claims and | ers and » where rema he in th Edwin Fair especially BY EDWIN FAIRFAX NAULTY. TEmpgror | Nichglas g/ . __Land / STAR, WASHINGTON, WHERE NATIONS ARE MAKING CLAIMS IN ARCTIC I prosaslE | Cawo| tions of the Arctic with the 'he American A claimed as U yet been offic ted States t American explorers have been lost thereb; | " The short flight ro e, Norway is onl miles. tes across the Arctic can be seen 'w hel 400 miles and from Cape Columbia, ( “Arctic Sectors” claimed by Canada, Sector, running north from Alaska and Bering erritory, but no American rights estab- is realized that from Point Barrow, Alaska, to North it Land, to Cape Shelyuskin, Siberis, is only 1,200 The United States and Siberia hold the west gate to the Arctic by possession and occupancy. Denmark and Nor- way claim to hold the east gate of the Arctic by recent explorations and transfer of American territory. i 15 6,300 miles. D. C 000 of American money by lectures and otherwise to finance a flight for next year. ¥or the United States? Not at all. To discover land in the American sector of the Arctic and claiming it for norway. The United States is to pay the bill and Norway is to get the goods. The game of territorial exploitation |, that used to be played with sail and steam s now played with wings. The northwest passage is no longer sought by the sea but by air. The north. west passage, other claims to the con- trary, was made by Englishmen golng west under Parry in 181920 as far as 125 West longitude, and coming East all the way under MecClure in 1851-1853. Between these two dates, in 1831, the north magnetic pole was Iocated accurately by James Clark Ross, another Englishman. As surface vessels need ports of call on long voyages so the winged ships need alrports and afrbases on their flight routes—for repalrs, food and fuel stations and observation points. Most of the northern nations center on the 45th purallel, or have easy access to it. Around it from east to west is 17,640 statute miles, half way is 8,820 statute miles. Over the top, via the North Pole, the dis tance between any two points, 180 degrees apart on this 45th parallel Therefore miles are saved by polar fligh; temperate zone flight. A traveler from London to Yoko- hama can steamn on the surface, via the Panama Canal, at an average speed of 15 knots an hour und make the 12,489-nautical-mile sex journey in 35 days. Later he can fiy it, too, but if the southern sea route he flown it is 4,356 miles, non-stop, over trom Bishops Rock miles, non-stop, oversea Panama to Honolul sto, oversea flight Yokohama. Another _traveler London to Yokohama fiisht route can save nearly 4,000 miles, speed up to 200 miles an hour and using London, North Cape Chelyuskin, Bering Strait, Ka chatka route; London, West Fiord, Norway, Spitsbergen, Cape bia, P chatka Iceland, to Colon; 4,5 flight from ,403 miles, non- m Honolulu to by air from by an Arctic London, Hudson route, Greenland, or Farc Stralt, Coronatlon Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Point | Barrow, Bering Strait, Kamchatka route, make his flight, with stops, in 50 hou! This Arc flight t OCTOBER 25, 1925 A flight | Colum- | nt Barrow, Bering Sea, Kam- | PART longest oversea flight will be less than 500 miles. | Claims Arctic Sector. In these articles only high points will be dealt with. Those who de- sire details can find them fn the Congressional R.cord of July 6 and 21, 1922, where they were printed for record at the request of Senator Joseph T. Robinson of Arkansas. Norway's homeland, from _the Naze, in the North Sea, to Tana Peninsula, in Barentz Sea, littered with sheltered flords, fce free the year round, gives her control of the European approach by land to the | Arctic. She has fortified this posi- tion by recently taking territorial possession of Spitsbergen, for which she originally had a mandate from the League of Nations. This year, through Amundsen's asserted north- ing of 87 degrees 44 minutes north and westing of 10 degrees, 20 min- utes west, Norway has set up a claim to a “Norweglan Arctic Sec- ‘or.” Norway also claims Axel Hel- |berg Land, “originally called Jesup | Lana by Vea 1nd Ringnes Land, hy 1 of discovery, relying on Sverdrup and Isachsen. If to these claims could be added the expected | lund north of Alaska, Norway would |have a continuous flight route from Oslo to Point Barrow, Alaska. And Americans, divectly and {ndl- rectly, are to pay for it! Norway is not the only European country with both eves and much | thought on Arctic flight bases. Den- mark has an Arctic flight route from Copenhagen to the Faroes, to Ice land, to Greenland, over the inland icecup or up Davis Strait, Baffin Ba the American passage to Cape Wash. ington. There Denmark stops, but she controls one-half of the North Atlan- tic entrance gate to the Are with an asserted “Danish Arctic Sector’’ running from 10 west to 60 west. » | way's leaf” of the gate run: | recent claim, from 10 west tc | Between them the two Scandinavian nations claim control of 90 degrees east and west, or one quarter of the | Arctic reglon. Cape Farewell, |1and, and the Naze, Norw th the other at 58 north, but sepa- ted by 61 degrees of longitude. Coveted Unknown Land. A good, double wedge, well driven, | while the rest of the world, includi e United States, en. | mark { from the Hydrographic Office chart in | the last year, not because of lack of {land and Americ 1922, One by outwitting an American statesman, the other by calmly ap- propriating an American idea. At the Bering Sea entrance to the Arctlc the United States and Russia, or Siberfa, hold the west gate—the United States, through Alaska, from 169 degrees west to 141 degrees west; Stberia from 189 degrees west, through the 180th degree, and, fa cenjunction with Euorpean Russia, to 40 degrees east, or from Bering Stralt to the White Sea. Wrangel Island and the De Long Islands, discovered by Ameri- cans, and Franz Joseph Land, discov- ered by Austrians and Americans, lie off this Eurasian coast. United States title to Alaska comes through purchase from old Russia by Secretary of State Seward. Within the Alaskan Arotlo sector projected north from Cape Lisburne and Demar- kation Point lles the coveted ‘‘un- known land,” which Dr. Harris of the United States Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey, reasoning from tidal effects in the Arctic, asserted vears ago must exist. Dr. Harris, on his chart, placed the nearest probable approach of the “un- known land” 6 degrees, or 360 nautical miles, north of Point Barrow. Many Amerlcan whalers, making, as part of the day’s work, higher northings off Alaska than have ‘ever been achleved by explorers, for 50 years have report- ed “landsight” to the north of Point Barro Keenan Land, at 73 north and 157 west, has only been erased reports of existence, but because it has only been seen and not landed on and actually verified. Whaling skippers out of San Fran- clsco and Seattle assert that walrus £0 north to calve, that whales work to the eastward and not to the north- ward, indicating a barrier of some substantial sort north of 75 and ex- tending almost to Banks Land on the east. Plover, geese and other birds have been seen flying north in the early Summer and returning south in the late Summer. The action of the tides and the action of the iceflelds (there are no fcebergs in this region) indicate land to the whalers. These | men have followed the whales and | have done so since 1854, three genera- tions of them. | Canada’s Claim. ! Canada, between Denmark’s Green s Alaska, lays claim | to all the Arctic region Iying between | 141 west and 60 west and up to the North Pole, according to her chart of | a e to her lands ' In that region from England through the cession to Canada of English claims. England long sought a nort! west passage to India by sea and he: efforts began with Davis, Baffin and Frobisher, in Queen Elizabeth's times continued through Capt. Cook, Parrx tue Clarks. Frankiin, the Franklin relief expeditions and Nares. Caneda began her own work In the easterl part with Capt. Bernler, but the long list of Hudson Bay men who tramped every mile of the Canadian Arctic coast and explored it thoroughly i~ also Canada’s. Denmark bas long settled Sout: Greenland, but prior to 1874 made 1. settlements north of Upernavik, whici is 72 degrees 45 minutes north. The famous American passage, compossu of Kane Basin, Kennedy Channe Hall Basin, Robeson Channel and Lin coln Fea, separates North Greenland and Hazen and Peary Land from Ell= mere Land and Grinnell and Grast Land. _American explorers, from Kane, Morton, Hayes, Hall, Greely Brainard end 'Lockwood and Pear!. discovered and opened all the land 8n both sides of the American passage In every case each explorer took pés session of his diacoverles for the United States. Denmark bases her present claiins to sovereignty over the ‘“whole of Greenland” and to a “Danish Arctic sector” running to the North Pole between the meridlans of 10 west and 60 west, on a paragraph b Robert Lansing, then Secretary o State, inserted in the treaty betwsén the United States and Denmark for the cesslon of the Danish West In dies. This treaty was ratified a: Washington on January 17, 1917, and was proclalmed January 25, 1917.” The Lansing paragraph reads: “Declaration. “In proceeding this day to the sig nature of the convention respecting the cession of the Danish West In- dian Islands to the United States of America, the undersigned Secretary duly authorized by this Gov- ernment, has the honor to declare that the Government of the United States of America will not object to the Danish Government extending thelr political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland. “ROBERT LANSING “New York, August 4, 1916." Purchase of Lands. Denmark was paid the Virgin Is |a German plane then heing exploited | cued by an American ship after being |in the United States, left Nome in a | lost and afloat for several days. he American who agreed h)isur{(u’fl ship, with the plane on| In May, 1925, a new start was finance the flight died in Paris with-| hoard, Janded the plane, lly, at | made from Spitzbergen. The flight out making provision for the plan.|Cape Walnwright, Alaska, cracked it | was financed by an American. The The proponents tried to interest[up in test flight and came back to | two planes hopped off from Kings other Americans, but could not, and | Nome. More publicity and another | Bay, landed on the ice pack and one time slipped away. A tart from Nome, with no results, the It was clalmed that the xplorer lying up with his | . ad made a northing of 87 de. Seattle r g ind 44 minutes and westing of P 10 _degrees and 20 minutes. r it will be interesting to re that the northing claimed does not overlap Peary’s clalm, but does Jjust overlap, to the west, the juris dictional claim of Denmark to 10 plane ‘ degrees west L | air bases for the future would be 0 | established. . the top of al land mass, to . Siberia, the top of al land mass, he Americ: e—no one ha the Asian | is only ot of 1 since been tter how n base for foreign explora- | perhaps consideration lrf’ *d them | other plans n de him shift his start on his | base to Spltzbergen. An Italian plane | him for | was to be used this time, but it was | said to be unsatisfactory. The Italian | | pilot, Locattelli, to prove | s00d, flew from Milan to C: well, Greenland, in it, Unit-Built Construction ? L3 would or settle , which nanced If such svered by wck to the United States n physical posse in 1922 = explorer advanced the e Fare-| The Norwegian s back again in the ates valual Sorth Cape flight, was given and was res-| United States planning to ralse £400,- Just ask these 3 Questions when considering a car in the Quality Field UYING an auto- mobile today is an easy matter. The way is well charted. One out of every eight quality cars sold today is a Studebaker. 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