Evening Star Newspaper, April 11, 1925, Page 6

'THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. "WASHINGTON, D. C. April 11, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . .Editor The Evening Star-Newspaper Company B.siness- Office, 11th § nd Penusylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chicago Office: Tower Bullding. Buropeas Ofiice : 16 Regent St., London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning dition, fa deitvered by carriem within the per month: dally only, 45 E 7 only, 3 cents’ por .. Ordérs may be sent by mall or téle- phone ‘Main 5000. Collection is made by car viers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 1 yr., $8.40; 1 mo., T0¢ 1 yr., $6.00; 1 mo., B0 1 yr., $2.40; 1 mo., 20¢ All Other States. 10.00; 1 mo., 8¢ - sST 00; 1 mo., 80 $3.00; 1 mo., e Datly and & Daily only E Suaday oaly » Member of the Associated Press. Do :Asscolated Press §s exclusively entitled 0 the use for republication of ail news dia patches credited to it or not otherwise credited in tils paper and also the local ne Lished herein. All rights of public 1so reserve The President’s Reply. ¥lis award as arbitrator between Peru and Chile in the Tacna-Arica boundary dispute is “final and without sident Coolidge has re- ial of the Peruvian sion seeking modifica- appeal,” ¥ pited to the defenso commi tions of the award. The answer of the President is entirely firm and at the same time entirely courteous. It polnts out that the arbitrator has given due consideration to all the mat- ters which have been presented by both sldes to the controversy in mak- ing the award, and that by the agree- ment of the partles and under the principles of international law the award is final. Orderly procedure, he insists, demands it. He points his con- tention with the remark that his reply “might well end here.” But in defer- ence to the nations involved, the Pres!- dent has made answer at length to the various contentions and requests of the Peruvian defense commission. Underlying the whole question of the award lies the fact that the Presi- dent of the United States accepted an invitation of Peru and of Chile to be- come the arbitrator in the long dis- pute over the lands of Tacna and Arfca, and that the nations involved agreed to accept his award. Having gone into court—in a measure—on such terms, neither nation is com- petent, after an award has been made, to demand modifications of the award. President Coolidge In his reply to the Peruvian commission acknowledges with satisfaction the assurances given by Peru that it “will not fail te carry out the award rendered.” Properly the President has laid stress in his reply to the Peruvian memorial on the fact that the plebisci- tary commission, which is to be head- ed by Gen. Pershing, has ample au- thority to see that the plebiecite shall bo fairly carried out, and that ample provision is made for appeal from the piebiscitary commission to the arbi- trator, If reason for such appeal should artse. The request of the Peruvian com- migsion that United States troops be sent into the disputed area pending and during the holding of the plebt- scite the President dismisses with the statement that he has no authority to make such disposition of the armed forces of the United States. Nor does he believe that the Chilean gendarmarie . should be removed from the Tacna- Arica region, since, as he construes it, the treaty of peace provided that Chile was to hold possession pending the Dleblscite. So the matter stands. That there is any practical way of solving once and for all the Tacna-Arica problem other than by a fair plebiscite to which both Peru and Chile promise and give com- plete and sportsmanlike acquiescence 1s very much to be doubted. Unless the 40-year-old bone of contention be- tween these states is to continue in- definitely in the future to threaten the peace of South America the President has chosen the only practical solution. o Brain pays tribute to brawn. The finest intellects are deeply concerned about the preservation of Babe Ruth's health. N When a man’s conversation is ob- Jecticnable to one country he can go into another and say it with radio. ——— Publishing Income Tax Lists. ‘The contention between n ‘wspaper publishers and the Government over the right to publish the 8 of income tax payers that are open to pub- lic inspection having reached the TUnited States Supreme Court on ap- peal, the Gov iment has filed its brief upholding the position that pub- Heatlon in the public press is unlaw- ful. This contention wae denied by the lower courts. Solieltor General Beck, Who submits the Government's brief, takes issue with the stand of the publishers of the papers selected for the test case that prohibition of pub- llcation is violation of freedom of the press under the rights secured by the Constitution. He also opposes the contention that the amount of tax im- posed by the Government on the basis of the information furnished by the been just as easy to say “publish” it that was meant. Whatever the decision of the Su- preme Court shall be in the matter of the past publication of the tax lists, and as to whether or not they are part of the returns, one fact is already clear. The dominant sentiment of the public is adverse to making public the lista in any sense cf the word. And whether or not the highest court in the land holds that the phrase “available to public in- spection” denfes the press of the Na- tion the right to make it possible for the public to read in & newspaper what any individual of that public can see 1 he wishes to look over the lists, the law should be repealed. It serves no advantage against which many disad- vantages may not be cited. It is contrary to established precedent. It is popularly disapproved. And it should go. NS Herriot’s Defeat. Premier Herriot's lease of life proved short. Quickly following his success on Thursday when, chiefly through the failure of more than 80 members to vote, he obtained a favora- ble majority in the lower house of the French Parllament, came an adverse vote in the upper chamber on Friday, 56 to 132. The premier and the en- tire ministry immediately resigned. A crisis is precipitated in advance of the presentation of the fiscal bill, upon which it was expected the fortunes of the ministry would depend. This situation is the result of the opposing forces of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. In the Cham- ber four parties of the left, controlling 340 votes, constitute the majority. In the Senate the Right 1s dominant. The conflict is really between the iwo branches of the National Legislature. In consequence it is probable that whatever makeshift arrangement may be made for carrying on the adminis- tration a new election will be forced in the near future. In the election of last May 1,000,000 more votes were cast for candidates of the Right than for candidates of the Left. The Left-bloc parties, however, had combined on candidates, whereas the three Right parties presented sep- arate nominees. In some districts the Left won with only 40 per cent of the total vote. Herriot's premiership thus rested upon & minority party repre sentation in the Chamber of Deputies. That it lasted 10 months has been a surprise. It was doomed to fall, just as MacDonald's ministry in England was doomed. It would appear from the dispatches that Painleve is likely to be named premier to tide over the period that must elapse before the new election is arranged. He will have a difficult task forming @ ministry that can com- mand support in the Chamber of Deputies, where 104 Soclalists have declared their intention to support no other government than one headed by Herriot, and where in ail 340 deputles constituting the Left parties have resolved to maintain the prin- ciples established at the election of last May. Herriot has been much more mod- erate In his work at the Elysee Pal- ace than was expected. He has proved to be a capable leader in & position of extreme difficulty. A striking likeness has prevailed between him and Mac- Donald in England, who similarly dis- appointed the radicals end surprised the conservatives by his moderate course. As matters now stand a general election will be held. Before France goes to the ballot, the temporary gov- ernment at Paris, as such it must be, will surely carry on beyond the point of German reorganization. Should a moderate Republican win in Germany the French election may be deferred. Should Hindenburg be elected Presi- dent of the German Republic in all likelihood France would move quickly to a new ballot to clear the way to a definite party-supported government capable of carrying on through the present financial difficulties. Herriot retires from office with the credit of a capable administration courageously conducted, with the adoption of the Dawes reparation plan as its chief and most valuable accom- plishment. et A frank objection to wide pants for young men was attributed to Presi- dent Coolidge. Young men are wear- ing bottom-heavy trouserings just the same. It is possible for governmental authority to influence the laws, but not the fashions. P e Many Germans will feel that thelr destinies were safer in the hands of & professional harness maker than they would be in the bands of a profes- sional war maker, Jefferson Day. Jefferson day—the anniversary of the birth of the patron saint of Democracy—will pass without a gathering of Democratic leaders in the National Capital about a banquet board. Tentative plans for such & gathering were made, but abandoned when regrets were recelved from prominent chieftains, among them Franklin D. Roosevelt, Willlam J. Bryan, Josephus Daniels and Mayor Hylan. Although the officlals of the National League for Progressive Democracy deny the dinner was in- tended to be @ harmony party, or in return is not a vital part of the return. contends that section 8167 tatutes, which wae re- cted in 1924 as section 1018, makes it uniawful for any person “to print or publish in any manner whatever mot provided by law eny income return or any part thereof.” Subdiviston B of Bection 257 of the revenue act requires the commissioner of internal revenue each year to make “avaflable to pub- Hc inspection” lists containing names of taxpayers and the amounts paid by each person. ‘The Government attempts to recon- clie these two sections by holding that the language “avallable to public in- spection” merely means “opern to all to examine and to review,” but does not mean open for printing or pub- Heation. The brief insists that “it is not thought a reasonable construction of & statute to say that print or pub- 1ish™ was intended by Congress to be expressed in the terms “available to »" public inspection™ when it would have any way a national conference, there were hopes that such a meeting might Jead to a better understanding among various fections. ‘But it is all off. Per- haps wisely so. What the Democratic party needs above all else—and what the Republic- en party must keep it from having it possible—is a real issue, en issue which will rally the thousands and the mfllions behind the party benner. It matters little whether one group of politicians who bappen to be out of of- fice gathers in conference or does not gather if there be no real issue to go to the country with. If it is merely a Qquestion of putting one set of men out and another set of men in, the coun- try s not particularly interested. The shrewdest among the Demo- cratic leaders are today biding their time, waiting for the issues to de- velop. They realize that if a Ereat is- sue arises, and the Democratic party has the popular end of the issue, noth- ing can prevent its succegs short of THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, such a suicidal performance as was enacted last July in New York. With- out an issue, however, harmony will be of little avall, even if it can be ob- tained, which at present is doubtful. In fact, recent events have not been conducive to the belief that the lead- ers of the various factions of the party are ready to yleld their personal am- bitions for the sake of harmony. The Bryan brothers, for example, pra tically have declared the great Las ern States out of the Democratic line- up. A union of the South and the West is thelr goal for the success of the party. A canvass of the Demo- cratic strength in the Middle West and the West at the last election, how- ever, is scarcely calculated to encour- age the Democracy, or to Incline the party to abandon all hope of New York, New Jersey and other States which have frequently “gone Demo- cratic.” The Democrats failed to carry any of the Western States except Oklahoma. Furthermore, in many of them the national Democratic ticket ran third. To be sure, John W. Davis, the Democratic nominece, was an East- erner, and was widely known as a friend of New York bankers. To off. set this Brother “Charlic” was his running mate. But did Bryan's name on the ticket help the Democracy in the West? It did not even carry his own State of Nebraska for the party. B Balfour at Damascus. Lord Balfour’s experfence at mascus, where he spent several hours virtually prisoner in a hotel while an angry mob surged outside shouting imprecations against him and men- acing his safety, is an evidence that Arablan temper has not been allayed by the varlous conventions and set- tlements that have been effected in Palestine and Asla Minor. Lord Bal- four himself is anathema to the ultra- nationalists of Arabla. There were no violent demonstrations in Palestine, but in Damascus the storm broke and the former British premier was in the center of {t. Descriptions of the scene in Damas. cus present a comic as well as a dra- matic aspect. There was much rush- ing to and fro by demonstrators and by police and soldiers. There was a constant fusillade of tlank cartridges and a good deal of slapping with the flats of swords. The casualties were less than a dozen wounded, none seri- ously. At least 6,000 people took part in this big “movie,” making a scene worthy of one of our most enterpris- ing film directors. It would not be surprising at all to find that several thousand feet of sensitized gelatin ‘were spun through cameras. One es- pecially vivid Incident is reparted. A daring gendarme officer lald himself flat on his horse’s back and drove at top speed through the crowd, forcing it back at a critical juncture. The sftuation was not without its bit of strategy. When it became ap- parent that Lord Balfour was really in peril from the attentions of the mob, it was decided to get him away. S0 the French commandant created a diversion by driving his motor car Qut upon a bridge, where, In full view of the mob, he proceeded to conduct long telephone conversations from a station at the center in a manner to attract the attention of the crowd away from the hotel. The distin- guished visitor was then spirited out of a back entrance into a motor car and so fled the city in safety. Lord Balfour will probably not at- tempt to visit Syria again. Though he has lost the pleasure of a comfort- able sojourn at Damascus, he has had an experience that will enrich his memoirs when ho comes to write in his delightful manner about his ex- periences in and out of office. —— et Germany is now walting to ‘ses whether Hindenburg can régister more effectively as a politician than he did as a warrior. ————— The case of Gen. Mitchell calls at- tention to the fact that one way to render a man more conspicuous is to demote him. ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Unappreciation. The daffodlls and violets Are blooming everywhere. They seek to banish our regrets And lighten every care. The violets and daffodils ‘We lightly cast aside, And buy some gorgeous bloom that fills Our hearts with eostly pride. Avoiding Oblivion, “There s a movement on foot to read you out of your party!" “I don't care,” answered Senator Sorghum. “This political game re- quires publicity, and bein’ unpopular at least means gettin' yourself talked about.” Jud Tunkins says the fruit erop is announced as a fallure every year; but there is always an abundance of apple sauce. Tuneful Degeneracy. I don’t object to jazzy stuff, Although the tunes are rather rough. The world more hopeful seems and fair Since they quit playing “Over There.” Delicate Conversation. “Will you go with me to the the- ater?” “Yes,"” answered Miss Cayenne, “if you will promise never to discuss the play with me. One- Slight -Advantage. ‘The Farmers claim In thelr unrest They're called upon to meet Demands unjust. But fust thé same They get the best Of everything to eat, “An’ git it fust!” Gaudy embellishments cannot hide the effects of Time. This is as true of humanity as it is of the Easter egs: “Religion,” sald’ Uncle Eben, “is what we turns to foh comfort when we has done got licked tryin’ to show SATURDAY THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A friend of thls column has sen' me a very Interesting clipping from the Rosslyn, Va., Monitor, to which was pinned three paragraphs from my récent article on small boys. Those paragraphs read: “Across the Polomac a year or so ago, in a nelghboring Virginia town, an experiment in boy management was tried, with what success I do not know. The idea was a good one, however, and deserved success. “The boys were formed Into a sort of junler government. The lad who delighted in breaking window panes was made chief of police, and the other “bad boys” made mayor, prose- cuting -attorney, etc. “It was a good scheme and T would be pleased to hear that it worked out. There is one thing certain, you get better results by ‘kidding the klds' than by trying to browbeat them.” The clipping from the Monitor fol- lows: “Punishment for the pranks played by themselves one night last week was meted out to a number of the members of the Thrifton Village Junior Government by their officers at the meeting of the organization last Monday night In Parish Hall. “Mayor Robert Wall presided and Commissioners H. M. Brown, C. A. (;ntndue and H. C. Roberts were pres- en “The Jjunior chief of police reported that a number of the members had broken windows while playing base ball, had tampered with an automo- bile and serlously annoyed several residents by other mischlevous acts. “Those who had participated in these things were requested to rise and tell of the part they had taken. About a dozen of the boys arose and honestly udmitted having been mixed up in the affairs. “Those who had broken windows accidently and had pald for the dam- age were acquitted, but the rest voted themselves 15 demerits as pun- ishment for thelr misdeeds. Five of the demerits were canceled by the commissioners in recognition of “the honesty and straightforwardness of the boys In admitting their actions. “In 4 number of cases the demerits will operate to keep the boys from holding some of the coveted offices in the league, the holders of which have special privileges and wre en- titled to wear handsome badges as a mark of honor. Fire Chief George Ellis reported that his firemen assisted In putting out a field fire near Thrifton Station and were alding the volunteer fire- men of Company No. 3, C. V. ¥, D, in caring for their property and making qulck respcnses to alarms. “The sanitary department was credited with being on the job look- Ing after rubbish along the road sides and loose paper in vacant lots. hiet Ellls is to organize a base ball team among his firemen and promises to “lick the stuffing” out of a team from the police department headed by Chief Bill Wall. “A committee consisting of Helen Davison, Helen Goodner, Georgs Ellis, Kenneth Barker and Robert Wall was appointed to make plans for the celebration of the first birthday of the league at the April 27 meeting.” * * % % So we see that the experiment In boy management is a success, so much so that the first anniversary of its organization Is to be celebrated shortly. The sincere congratulations of every householder everywhere must EO out to those bovs and those fathers Who are co-operating with each other to help each other. Not that perfection reigns. The account of the meeting given above shows that “boys will be boys.” all right. Who on earth would want them to be anything else? They broke -windows, it is true, while playing base bail, but they paid for them. They tampered with an automobile, as boys will, and “seri- ously annoyed ‘several residents by other mischevious acts.” But they held a “get-together” meeting and thrashed the affairs out, voted themselves demerits and gen- erally had the thrill of acting decent. Think of all the small boys through- out the land who are perpetually al- lowed to put themselves in the posi- tlon of always belng wrong, always being hunted, always being blamed. It is pretty poor psychology. Boys ought to be brought up with a certain pride in themselves, & cer- tain real manliness, if you please, =o that they con know the genuine feel- ings of having done good deeds. There are too many boys nagzed into the penitentlary. There are too many lads “bawled out” all the time and made to feel as if they never do anything right or ever have & right thought Boys have occasional right thoughts, just as their elders do, but, being boys, are more ashamed to admit them. Put them In an organization, however, in which the first virtue is to be decent they. will “come across” just as well as thelr fathers. The advantage of such a plan as the Thrifton Village Junior Govern- ment {s that 1t allows the boys to get the idea of préperty protection in a form of play. The “gang” lustinct of which we hear 8o much cam be cor- ralled and made to operate for up- building, as well as allowed to run wild with no other idea than de- structiveness. W W ok Walt Whitman said that to have great poets you must have great readers, téo, So, to have law-abiding children, boys and girls Interested in property protection, you must have fathers and mothers who know how to handle the kids. Wherefore it is dificult to know who congratulats the most in Thrifton Village, the fathers and mothers, or the b and girls. Perhaps the best thing to do is to congratulate all, and let it go at that. For the boys and girls of that bright hamlet are learning valuable lessons at the same time they are enjoying themselves. Some of the worry of parents and annoyance to householders is van- ishing, bit by bit, so that by the time the children” grow to the estate of men and women themselves they will have a firm grip on some of the essentials of true Americanism. They are learning fair play, clean- liness, decency, reverence for the village form of government, with its ancient lineag: They are learning not to be ashamed of 4 thing becuuse it is old and tried. They are learning, also, that the great Government of thelr country, of which the villa organization is an integral part, {s worthy of all the reverence they can give it today. Thence, they are learning a re- newed veneration for the basic law of thelr land, the Constitution of the United States, the great document written In “létters of light” for the safe guldance of this republic. These are privileged boys, these of Thrifton Village. While in other places lads are being allowed to grow up Incipient thugs and destrovers, sécretly ashamed of their basic laws, these boys are being helped to help themselves to the great truths of our own land— Law, order, decency, under the pro- tection of the Stars and Stripes, with the old Constitution as the best guide. Editors Favor Suspending Of Judgment in Wheeler Case General agreement that only through public proceedings in court can the facts be made clear in the case against Senator Wheeler appears in newspaper editorial comment on the Montana Senator's indictment. “In the present circumstances there is nothing for the public to do but suspend judgment,” fs the advice of the Newark Evening News, which, reviewing the case, saya: “In the ‘Washington indictment, which {s the more serious, Mr. Wheeler is accused of conspiring with a Montana ofl operator and a former solicitor of the Interfor Department to obtain, by the use of dummy applicants, oll and gas prospecting rights on 9,000 more acres of Government land than they were legally entitled to. Mr. Wheeler is fully entitled to the presumption of innocence. All ths facts will be brought out In due course. The proceedings in Washington, however, are regurded with suspicion by the Des Moines Tribune News. “In political quarrels,” says the Tribune Ne “these Indictments are looked upon with great suspicion. The only thing that gives any color to the pro- ceeding In the fact that Justice Stone, | tions made.” then Attorney General, honestly be- lieved that the matter ought to be gone finto. Justice Btone is not a politiclan in the sense that he would procure an indictment where he did not believe the law had been violated. But the feeling is that Wheeler will be exonerated.” The former Attorney General is defended also by the Chi- cago Tribune, which contends that “the Department of Justice is en- titled to -the presumption that in pringing Senator Wheeler to trial it s performing its duty. The Attorney General is as much entitled to the presumption of honesty in public service as is Senator Wheele Speaking from the Senator's place of residence, the Butte Dally Post says: “Of course the citizens of Butte will note with interest the court processes that are to follow the in- diotments. They assume that the prosecution will proceed on its mer- its. Consistently, that has been the attitude of citizens of Montana since the time, months ago, when first they heard of Federal court litigation in- volving Senator Wheeler. With few exceptions the Senator’s constituents, without partisan interference or prejudice, have simply taken notice of the course of events, while realiz- ing the serious fmport of the whole business wherein the Common- wealth's good name is concerned. * ok k% The Great Falls Tribune stoutly champions the cause of the Senator, “Contrary to ail custom,” declares this paper, “the documents presented to the grand jury, or some of them, were given to the press before the trial. There is nothing in them that constitutes any evidence against Mr. Wheeler {nconsistent with the theory that was anxious to help in ths development of the natural resource of the State. There is no intimation in them that he had any personal gnlldncill interest in the Kevin oll ¢! The Indianapolis Star contends that the Senator is not strengthening hi cause with the public by denouncing the Attorney General and proclaim- ing that the affair is an attempt to dfscredit him. r. Wheeler may es- tablish the innocence he is proclaim- ing so loudly,” says the Star, “but un- til he has done o he, at least, should have-the tact to refrain from trymg to conviat his accusers.” The case of Senator Couzens is linked with that of Senator Wheeler, by the Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, which submits “that the fact that ac- tivity in Congress may have eventu- ated in an aitempt 1o punish them: should not be allowed to draw atten- tion from the real fssue, which i their guilt or innocence of the allega. Equally sure is the Du. luth Herald that although Mr. Wheel. er “Is not likely to get as much sym- pathy as he would have had {5 he nad not been so sure that everybody mot assoclated with his own (temporary) party was crooked,” nevertheless (s entitled “to the usual presumption of innocence until he ix proved Eullty.” Opposition in the Senate to the confirmation of. Mr. Stone as as. soclate justice, cited as a factor by supporters of Senator Wheeler, is dismissed by the St. Joseph News. Press with the comment that “devel. opments show that Mr. Stone was right and his opponents wrong. There is scant sentiment to support the in- genlous theory that a Senator of the United SStates is sacred.” The Scranton Republican refers to Senator Wheeler's attitude In Con. gress and remarks that while he 1s entitled to a full and fair hearing, “this 18 not what he himself was will: Ing to grant when exercising his vi. tuperative powers to broadeast the unproved allegations against Repub. lican offictals.” Urges Conference To Fight Lynching To the Bditer of The Btar: To the lasting shame of our country, it seems that the crime of Iynching {s somewhat plcking up agaln, after a short intermission along that line. We are following the lead: of a new President of these United States and let us pray to Almighty God to show him the right path, and walk in the right path, even if he must walk In a very small crowd. Lynching s much easfer to put down than the enforcement of the eighteenth amendment. Lynching is murder, pure and simple, And it =hould be no le: hard for a mob of murderers to escaps the hang. man'’s rope or the electrio chair than the individual man. Hence all mur- derers should “look alike” to any State or country which has any respect for God and the law. And we rejoice in the bellef that our President entertains the very highest respect and love for both God and the laws of the land. For the good of this great country I beg to sug- ®est that the President of the United States of America shall call the governors of all of the States to- gether In conference and form some unitéd plan to call a halt on the crime which, in the past, has caused millions of Christian men and women to weep for the future of our Natien. J. C. CUNNINGHAM. 12 Modern Tragedies. A man struck a match to see if the gasoline tank in his auto was empty. It wasn't. A man patted a strange bulldog on the head to see If the oritter was af- fectionats. He wasn't, A man speeded up to see if he could beat the train to the crossing. He couldn’t. A man undertook to pass two speeding cars on the public Bighway. He aidn’t. . A man cut his sdvertising to ses it he could save mon He's broke. A man touched a trolley wire to see if it was charged. It was. A boy Blew in his .22-rifie darrel to see 1f it was unloaded. It wasn't. A girl turned bandit to get a thrill. She got it from an automatic. X etk ried o baat s ot S5 | fairs, his grop! | potitics; APRIL 11, 1925. THE LIBRARY TABLE BY THE BOOKLOVER. The time is come when every form of art, musical, dramatic, graphic, plastic or literary, has been or is be- Ing analyzed, classified, labeled and “placed.” Prof, Morrls E. Speare of | the University of Maryland has iso-| lated @ spectal genre in English i ters and traced its history in his new | book, “The Political Novel, Its De- velopment in England and America. The forerunner of the political novel was the “novel with a purpose.” Since the author sets up the political novel as a special literary type it is well to quote his definition of it: "It is & work of prose fiction which leans rath- er to 'ideas’ than to ‘emotions’; which deals rather with the machinery of law-making or with a theory about public conduct than with the merits of any given plece of legislation; and where the main purpose of the writer is partly propaganda, public reform or exposition of the lives of the person- ages who mal government, or of the forces which constitute govern- ment. In this exposition the drawing room {s frequently used as a me for presenting the inside life of tics."” e Prof. Speare finds the political novel to have been born in the mind of Ben- jamin Disraeli. More than h book is devoted to Disraell, partly be- cause of his primacy in the fleld and | partly, no doubt, because of the new interest in Disraeli aroused by tI cent publication of the Monypen N Buckle six-volume blography, of which the author has made Speare states that I especlally “Vivian e “Sybll” ‘and “Lothair, maturing mind of a man of publ for a politicul pl ophy of conduct”; also that this - ing was the imaginative means adopted by a politiclan who was also 4 wan of letters of thinking his way through to a positfon on a public question and to a political program. In addition to making a detafled examination of each of his political novels, the author fur- nishes an elaborate critical analysis of the literary signi to whom he assigns 3 than most previous write: willing to accord him. That place glves him largely because of achlevement in establishing the spe- clal art form of the political novel. * % % % The successors of Disra field of the political novel to by Prof. Speare are Anthony Tro the Victorian realist. the “Phineas Finn” and other novels | so-called parllamentary series: George Eliot, who contributed “Felix Ifolt, th Radical”; George Meredith, the author | of “Beauchamp's Career.” a delinea- | tion of the liberal and the idealist in Mrs. Humphry Ward, who in | “Marcella” and * Sir George Tressady” | glves expression to feminism ali- b tics, and H. G. Wells, creator of “The New Machiavelli” and expouent of the ! cult of individualism. Turning to the | United Stutes, Prof. Speare treats of three writers of political novels in as many chapters: Henry Adams, author of “Democracy,” which he regards as | the first true political novel written in America; Winston Churchlll, writer Coniston” and “Mr. Crewe's Ca- novels of political reform, and | Leicester Ford, suthor of “The Honorable Peter Sterling,” a novel dealing with the career of Grover “ieveland and with the municipal poli- tics of New York. * % % x Elias Tobenkin some time ago es- tablished himself as an interprater of the American Jew through fiction. His reputation cannot fall to be enhanced by his recent novel “God of Might,” which is a presentation of the Jew in business. Although primarily a prob- lem novel, “God of Might” is not a mere sociological discussion. Its char- acters are vital human beings tangled in a web of fate. According to To- benkin, the reason for the American Jewish problem is that the Jew in this country can be neither thoroughly American nor thoroughly Jewish. The larger part of the Jews in America today are Russian Jews who still hold the traditions of the ghetto; thelr real ghetto is gone, but they continue to maintain a ghetto of the mind, which s in opposition to assimilation to Americanism. The problem m “God of Might" Is worked out through the character of Samuel Waterman, who was born in a small Russian town and comes to America as a young boy, without his parents. He settles I Lincoln, 111, where he is the only Jew in town and where the townspeople are very sympathetic to- ward him. Circumstances are all favorable to him. He succeeds in business, he marries a Christian girl who Is devoted to him, yet happiness is not the result. In his life is ex- emplified the struggle between the ghetto and America. He is the victim of his own mind, that is, of his hered- ity and early training, and cannot get away from the prison thus created. The conclusion of Ellas Tobenkin is that with the Jews themselves must be the solution of the problem. x k% % Milton's theme of' “Paradise Lost has been employed in the poetic theo- logical tragedy “Luclfer, or the Heayv. enly Truce,” by George Santayana. This poem was originally published about 25 years @go and s now re- printed as a small follo on Swedish handmade paper, with headpieces, initial letters and end papers designed by Plerre la Rose. Mr. Santayana mingles Greek mythology and Chris- tian theology as freely as did Milton At times. News of the Christian God and His ywer reaches Olympus and Zeus sends Hermes to Inquire about him. Hermes finds Lucifer seated in thoyght on a bleak mountain tep and makes known to him his mission. Lu- cifer, récently expelled from Heaven, does not wish again to approach the presence of God and 80 gives Meph- istopheles to Hermes as a guide. But Lucifer has felt the charm of Hermes and follows him to the gate of Heaven, where Hermes is refused admissfon, though Lucifer s allowed to enter. There Lucifer encounters Christ and pleads with Him the cause of Hermes. In the conversation of Christ and Lucifer are introduced all the tenets of Mr. Bantayana's phi- losophy, or theology. Christ repre- sents unquestioning faith and Lucifer the spirit of reason. LR The vitality of some Russlan rad- fcals is remarkable. Trotsky, whose obituary has been written on numer- ous occasions, seems to be still living and working. Maxim Gorky has’been often reported at deatWs door from varfous ‘'diseases, yet books from his pen keep appearing. Now that he is in exile from Soviet Ruasia hls liter- ary output is also less hampered. Re- ntly he published a bulky volume, "Fragments From My Diary,” which consists of sketches, tales, notes on political events and general reflec- characterizations of Tol- #tol, Tchekhov and Alexander Blok, the Russian poet who dled in 1821, are among the best of the fragments, By far the larger mumber, however, are concerned with florki's favorite material—tramps, degraded soldlers, drunkards, murderers, servant girls, harlots—all inhabitants of those “lower depths” which he has so often described. . | e vers across with the “go” sign on. He'll mever walk ‘again. A guy took a drink from 2 trange bottle to if it had a kick. He's Dbeen blind since. $ _A sheik kissed a strange girl to see if she would stand for it. She wouldn’t, - A country boob blew out the gas so could sleep. Ho is still sleeping.— he Paul e !haud count composed of four threes| 1155, | pajrs to combine with the other card | to pay the necessary officials. | was, consisted in their loyalty to the ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN Q. Who selected May 30 for Me- morial day?—G. A. R. A. May the 30th was designated by Gen. John A. Logan, commander-in- chief of the Grand Army of the Re- public in 3eneral Orders, No. 2, dated May 5, 18bs. Exerclses w held at Arlington Cemetery on May 30 of that year, over which Gen. Logan presided. The platform was erected in front of the Lee Mansion. Q. How many men went into Mex- fco with Pershing?—R. L. F. A. The punitive expedition into Mexico {n 1516 under Gen. Pershing was made with a force of about 1,500 men. Q. Has Chicago a longer street than Broadway'—1J. B. Z A Broadwa New York City, is miles long, while Western ave- nue, Chicago, i 28% miles in length. Q. Are dill ple gar?—C. 8. W. A. A dill pickle is a cucumber to which a brine made of water and sait has been added and to which the aill plant has also been added. Q. What wede the anclent Roman units of lineal measurement?—W. M L. A. The Roman system of mei ment contalned the pes (foot), o tus, passus, pertica, mille pasuum, stedla Q les put up in vine- In cribbage how much does a ard a nine?—H. N, d counts 24. The double unts 12 and there are six Any set of fours contains six pairs, the count of 12, and the six A. T pairs ha henca tor 13s. Q. How was mail transported colonial days?—H. A. T. A. In the English colonies In Amer- foa before 1639 such postal facilities as existed were supplied by private nterprises. In 1639 the General Court of Massachusetts took the first step toward the establishment of a Government postal system. In Vir- ginia each planter was required to couvey the dispatohes, as they ar- rived, to the next plantation, and o | on. In 1672 the government of New Yorik established a monthly mail to Boston, and this practice was fol- lowed in other colonies. Benjamin Pranklin w identified with the early inter: of the colonial post office. In 1737 he was appointed post- master of Philadelphia. In 1785 the in begun. In 1775 the colonies combined to establish their own post office and The | Continental Congress appolnted a| committee to devise a postal system, which went into effect July 26, 5 Benjamin Franklin was unanimously appointed Postmaster General, Q. Is it true that plate glass win- dows foous the image incorrectly and are, therefore, a protection in case of shots fired from & revolver?— JoAM. A. The Bureau of Standards says | that plate glass focuses th image ocorrectly. Its advantage lies in its greater resistance to the bullet and the possibility that the bullet may be deflected and not hit the mark. Q. Can siiage be kept it for the Winter’—B. B. A. Trench silos are praoticable The trench is often dug with a horse and a scraper. A cover of timbers, straw and wire i= usually sufficient to keep the silage intact and un- frozen. by burying Q. When President Wilson was i office, what was his custom in re gard to greeting his cabinet members on “cabinet day"?—G. E. R. A. The President shook hands with each member before business was discussed. Q. Is it injurious to health to use the hot water furnished in apartment houses for cooking?—D. D. A. The Bureau of Standards says that the hot water would be {njurio 1f the water heater has brass or Per pipes, as is £o often the case. A emall amount of copper would dis solve in the water, and the practice of consuming this copper s injurious to health Q. Has St. Plerre ever bullt?—M. R G. A. The City of St pletely destroyed i has not been rebulit Deen re Plerre was com- 1902, and so fac Q. Where was the “boot” located on the old stage coaches?—M. F. A. The boot was a section of tha old stage coaches in which luggage was carried. In American stage coaches the boot wa the bod of the coach, generaily covered bs flap of leather. Q. How is the name “Greenwich pronounced?>—F. T. 8. A In England the is pronounced n-13" This pre is urrent in ths United States, &lthough “Gren-ic! permissible me Greenwic: A.” The National Zoological Park #ays that elephants do breed in cap tivity. In fact, Princess Alice, an ele phant in the City Park at Salt Lak gave birth to & baby elephant {n 191 Within recent years several have beex born in Copenhagen, the American Rev fought with distrn | ish service In the Revolutionary War. Q. What is 1 dow shades?— A. Gum arabi ing lace sha the mate; to use size gutta percha sc ed and ex- tended in ether. The ether evaporates and leaves the gutia percha, which d to stiffen lace win M B is often used in #iz . If you care to have very stiff, it is advisable | forms an extremely thin but protec- tive coating over the design. (Have you asked Haskin? He does not know all things that people ask him, but he knows people who do kmow. Try Mm. State your question plainly and briefly, write plainly and incloss & cents . stamps for return postage. Address Frederio J. Haskin, director, The Star Information Bureau, Twenty-first and C streets northwest.) BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. The revolt of the Kurds against Turkey has assumed such seriou ness that Turkey has decided to mo- bilize her entire forces—over 1,000~ 000 soldiers—and defend her sover- elgnty. The rebellion involves 2,500,- 000 Kurds—some estimates place the number at 4,000,000. As nearly 1,000,- 000 dwell {n Persla and 2,000,000 in Turkey, there may be danger of the war's becoming International, Involv ing revolt in both countries against the established governments. It §s a “holy war” hence it may spread throughout all Moslem coun- tries, regardless of national berders, extending from China to Morocco. The recent activities of the Young Turks in dethroning the Caliph and lowering public reverence for Mo- hammedanism arrays against the present republic of Turkey the or- thodox followers of the prophet, with all the enthusiasm and religious zeal which that impl! Turkish tend- encles in recent years, beginning with Sultan Abdul Hamid's efforts to- ward pan-Turanianism, making all| Moslems adhers to Turkey, regardless of their own national ties, have veered since the Turkish defeat in the World War into radical separa- tion of church and state, deposition of the Sultan-Caliph and outspoken athelsm among the ruling officials of the Turkish republic. There are no Moslems more fanatic than the Kurds. Their one tie to the Turkish government, slight as that head of Mohammedanism. With the head of their faith dethroned, thelr wild, rebellloyus naturs saw no fur- ther reason why they should con- tinue in subjection to the rulers at Angora, whils they roamed their mountain fastness impregmable against control. EE There is no ermpathy of the Chris- tlan natlons wasted upon the Kurds in their struggle for Independence from Turkey. Christians cannot visualize the sav- age Kurd mountaineers as herofc de- fenders of liberty, since it was the Kurds who lent themselves to the cunning of Sultan Abdul Hamid in massacreing the Armenlans, in the neral policy of the Sultan to gain absolute control of the Moslera world by setting one minority agalnst an- other minority * x % % It is reported that one of the chief motives of the Kurds in the present rebellion {s to overthrow the repub- lic of the atheistio Young Turks and set upon the throne as Caliph of all Islam, as well as Sultan of Turkey, the son of the deposed and lately de- ceased Caliph-Sultan, Abdul Hamid It s that rallylng cry which is most dangerous In its possibilities of excit- ing Moslems throughout the world not only overturning the Turkish re- public, but exciting a religlous an- tagonism against the Christians and all other other non-Moslems. ERE I To comprehend the situation, it Is necessary to know the character and tribal organization of the Kurds. The topography of Kurdestan is mountalnous, and the people, llke the Scotch, are either Highlanders or Lowlanders. The Highland de- pend upon their flocks d herds— principally sheep and goats—for thelr support. The Lowlanders engage in limited agriculture. The nomad Highlanders are flerce enough to maintain independence within their mountain fastnesses and evade taxes, except when they un- dertake to move their flocks to fresh pasturage. As they cross the fords of the rivers Turkish troops Inter- cept them and force the payment 1t {s contradicted by good author- ity that theré is a raclal distinction between the nomads of the highlands, who dwell im tents and lead their flocks, and the dwellers in_ the vil- Iages, engaged in crop raising. In- dividuals pass easily from one class to the other. All are in_ tribes of from 3,000 to 10,000 members, gov- erned by shoiks. Each tribe has two sheiks, one having to do with tem- poral or feudal affairs and the other with religious .observances. In all Moslem communities the “wise men” in_the Korap—no other education counts. Thers is a hepd religious shelk, and it is said that the revoit and conspiracy to re- establish the caliphate upon t Turkish throne {s led by tha head re ligious shelk of Turkestan. * ok x ¥ The great body of Moha: anism) 18 plit into four sects, the Shi-ahs (or Shi-ites) being the leading and most fanatical. It is the one to which the Kurds of Persia adhere. The Kurds of Turkey are mainly followers of the Sunnis or Shafe-i sect. In the northern part of Kurdistan there are Lalf-pagan tribes which profess to be followers of the Shi-ahs, but maintain secret rites. The Turkish Kurds, therefore, are aliens to Persia in religion, and aliens to the Turks in language. They may find It im- possible to unite all Moslems In a holy war, because of the differences of sects and national or sect jeal- ousy against the restoration of the caliphate under the son of the late Sultan of Turkey. *x %% The Kurds are hated by both Turks and Persians; for many generatio! they have been ruled with “iron rods' in both countries. Reza Khan, com- mander-in-chlef of the Persian army and practically dictator of Persia, has forcibly moved the Kurds from one part of Persia o another, and has adopted the policy of taking the sons of their shelks as members of his bodyguard and virtually as hostages for the good behavior of the tribes from which they eome. * % % % ‘There is an international phase of the situation in which oil concessions to British interests are concerned These conceesions lie in Mosul, and if the Kurds win their independence their boundary will conflict with Turkish jurisdiction of the territory. 8o that the British will be likely to lose their rights, hence British air men are carefully watching the sit- uation. Tt would be an anomaly if the British were to come to the aid of their late enemles, the Turks, order to protect their ofl interes! Such an alliance might thep incite the Kurds and other Moslems to unite against the British interests in Pal- estine and carry thelr war agalnst the Jews in the Holy Land, mal the cause indecd take the appearance of a “holy war” of Islam against Ju daism and Christianity. A _spectal effort is being made to sink Moham- medan sect divisions and unite all Islam under one banner. Aslde from a few missionaries, America has no interests in the dis turbed region, for it is understood that the American oil conocessions in Turkey have been abandoned * ok ok % In @& recently published beok, “The Searet of the Near Last,” by George M. Lamsa, a native Turk, appears thix paragraph, which illustrates tle pe chology of our missionary work Turkey and incidentally of the Mos. lem viewpoint of pan-Islamism: “The missionaries have failed tc realise that Mohammedans consider Mohammed not only their prophet but aleo the founder of their new na- tionality. 'The Islam religion and nationality are considered one; there- fore, all Moslems of whatever race or type are equal members of this hu- man fraternity. Islam has abolished all racial and geographical bounda- rles, and has consolidated its ad- herents into_one common brother- hood. Therefore, any formal attsok made against Mohammed would bs just as if a Turk would come to America and preach against George Washington, Alas! how long would & Turk last if he denounced George Washington befors an American au- dience!” The above quotation is significant of Turkish ideals as to nattonal boundaries and race loyalty s mo fied by Mohammedans. = Nevertheles: those {deals existed before the World War, and in spite of them, all the German threats of stirring up & “Moslem holy war” against Christen« dom came to naught. The Moslem taunt that Christians are divided by sect differences may be thrown back * at themselves with thelr racial sect divergences.