Evening Star Newspaper, February 22, 1925, Page 35

PR hile British Everyday Religion Mot a Talk on_Theolo, and Right , But Upon Life iving. BY RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. Enduring Greatness. Ezekicl, 27.8—“Thy wise men were thy pilots.” 2 HE progress of civilization de- pends in no small measure upon those who with large- ness of vision are able to shape the course of men and things to higher ends. Such men are vare, and they are called forth by crises and situations that call for commanding gifts. AAmerica has been blessed beyond mest pations with rare sons, when times of necessity have arisen, to pilot the Nation through troublous waters. Among those who have fig- ured conspicuously in this respect. George Washington easily holds his place among our foremost men. The men_ who, at its inception, fashioned the life of this Nation were quite in- copparable, but it was the calm de- Jiberation and perfect polse of Wash- ington that guided and directed the e of action. It was Benjamin ranklin_ who sa!d of him that he rufed .men by the calmness of his demeanor and the depth of his insight. e Called from indonspicuous duties to be the head of the armies and the moulder and dictator of the Nation's destinies, he seemed to be gifted with rare qualities of mind and heart that «ingularly fitted him for his great tasks. Indeed, the very homeliness ©f his simple habits of life lent to his larger duties qualities that gave them Fower and distinction His preparation, like that of most men who have figured in the world's #reat events, was in the school of the <ommonplace. The strong qualities that and the test of difficult situa- tions are not born in the class room. Jt is in the larger sphere of human nction where the deeper and finer qualities of human nature are tried and tested that men develop those gifts and virtues that stand them in 1he hour of supreme need. Judged by other military leaders, Washington may not be regarded as one of the greatest strategists the world has known, but judged by the high stand- ards of thos more enduring things of Tharacter, he takes his place among 1hé foremost men of all time. He grows greater as he recedes in his- tory. * x % % Napoleon, with excelling genius, came to be for a brief space the master of Europe, but once his sword was broken his power waned, and the vast empire that he created was dismembered. Men will recall his amazing meteoric flight, but he does not occupy a place in history com- varable to that of Washington. He bullded his state upon the might of force, Washington upon the might of character. America has endured and grown great, not because of its extent of territory or the richness of its re- sources, but it has registered | growth through men who in them- selves incarnated high Christian ideals. When such men cease to be, when selfish pursuits, by whatever name they may be called, come to be | dominant, America, like other nations \before it, will show .the marks of decline and decay. Character in our leaders is the supreme requisite. We may get along without cleverness or | scintillating genius; we may get | along in the face of adversity, or the | lack of excelllng gifts of states- manships, but we shall cease to mark progress when we lose out of our lives the sterling virtues of an un- impeachable character. The need for this Is greater today than ever before. B S e The amazing growth of the nation its commanding place as a world power, its enviable wealth and its commercial supremacy have a tend- ency to make it less considerate of those finer qualities that grow out of the conservation of the things of character. Our youth today are largely taught to measure success in terms of wealth or power. They concentrate their vision upon those who occupy the foremost places, and this regardless of whether they have attained to position through methods that were dubiofis and ques- tionable. When we think of Wash- ington and his period, it is well to remember that he and his colleagues excelled, because everything else was subordinated to the dictates of a Christian conscience. If there is no royal road to knowledge, then there is likewise no royal road to power or success. The only power of suc- cess worthy of the name, is that which grows out of a life that recog- nizes the priority of religion. No study of the life of Washington is true to the facts that does not take cognizance of the mighty religious impulses that governed and controlled him. He had come to understand the meaning of the Master's words, “Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you.” As a Christlan, as a Mason, as a soldier in the field, as a master of men, all his judgments were determined by the dictates of his consclence. We need as pllots for the ship of state today men of his gifts and graces. The opportunities for leadership are large and many, but America needs above all else the leadership of those who are responsive to the will and purpose of God. London Presents Appearance ~ Of Return to (Continued from First Page.) Britaln will abandon the league as America rejected it, because, as I have said, 20 miles of channel are quite different in the present age from 3,000 miles of ocean, but it does mean that league or no league, pro- tocol or no protocol, the British people are in no mood to pledge their armies or their fleets to guar- #ntee any portion of the Paris settle- ment save what affects those parishes lsing almost within the vislon of the British island and well within the e of the big Berthas of evil momories. All of which is at least interesting to an American who has suffered in the past from what has been regarded on this side of the Atlantic as the narrow selfishness of his fellow-countrymen. Labor for Peace Everywhere. There 1s, however, one observation to be made here. There is growing perception in this country that guar- anteeing one set of European fron- tiers and refusing to guarantee an- otficr may not, in practice, prove as fidtantageous as it appears In theory, [nd that a war starting in, let us and, might, in the end, in- ireat Britain quite as inevita- as did that other war which, in 1904, began in Serbia. Therefore, sentiment and states- manship are unmistakably deter- mined to avoid commitments in the rast of Europe, they are hardly lecs pound to labor for the preservation bf peace everywhere in Europe. Today, when a German attack upon oland = would fnevitably bring in France, Great Britain has unmistak- ble concern to prevent the attack pon Foland even though it is re- oived not to defend Poland if it be ttacked. Thus in the long run it must o clear that the role of Great Brit- 2in on the continent will be as, the rotector and defender of peace and s the diplomatic opponent of any ountry, enemy or ally, which seeks 0 7disturb peace, even if the disturb- ince threatens on the Vistula and not on‘the R Allies Now Are En Pre-War Status You have in the present British tem- per an entire absence of any general sense of obligation to defend any na- tion, to guarantee the security of any country, or to make any contract abroad, but at the same time you have a sense that the European problem will be approached with great calm- ness and with growing clarity as the supreme problem of British security. There is no dispasition to give France an insurance against German attack, but there is an ever-widening recog- its| BY HARLEAN JAMES, Secretary American Civic Federation. T is the fashion nowadays to belittle the heroes of history; to rhow how Fate or Ambition lent a glow of greatness to men of poor judgment and small ability. We hear much of research into cotem- porary opinions concerning the great leaders of the past, and we find then, as now, that « the adverse criticisms of those in the public eye were apt to fill the printed page and even the private letter. Warm approval often makes stupid reading. Iconoclastic comment commands a more ready audlence. 5 But research Into the life and work of George Washington, while it reveals, indeed, a man of sufticlent human frailty to establish kinship Wwith his fellows, also discloses one whose judgment of the day's problems was sound and sensiBle and whose vision of the future has rarely been excelled. George Washington saw in his mind's eye that the United States was to become a great and populous country. and that the Federal City in the course of a hundred years would become, though not as large as London, a city with “a magnitude inferior to few others in Europe” If he did not estimate to its fullest extent the sweeping drift of the pop- ulation into cities which would {n 1920 result in more than 30 European cities of a size greater than Washington, neither could he have predicted that there would be 13 cities in the United States of a greater magnitude than the Capital. But for all that, the Dis- trict of Columbla fn 1925 claims a population of half a million, which surely justifies the belief of George Washington, expressed at the end of the eighteenth century, that the Federal City would become an important me- \tropolis. ‘ * ok k% The Congress of the United States was so- convinced that there should be built a cap- ital city free from conflicting jurisdiction and directly under the control of Congress that in the Constitution of the United States it is expressly provided that— “The Congress shall have power: To exer- cise exclusive legislation, in all cases what- soever, over such District (not exceeding 10 miles square) as may, by cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, be- come the seat of the Government of the United State Though the general location on the Potomac was the result of an act of Congress, which had a more or less remote connection with the famous trade between Hamilton und Jef- ferson, the actual cholce of the exact site was left to the President, who was authorized to appoint three commissioners to select a “district of territory not exceeding 10 miles square to be located on the River Potomac at some place between the mouths of the Eastern Branch and the Conococheague.” President Washington chose a 10-mile square placed diagonally so that both sides of the Potomac River from Alexandria to a point above Georgetown were included as well as the Eastern Branch (Anacostia River) almost to Bladensburg. When the confines of the district of territory had been marked there was still the problem of se- lecting from the wilderness the site of the new city. Instead of mapping a little settle- ment which might have been huddled to- gether in a small way and whi®h would have made an immediate impression of neatness and order, Washington determined that the Federal City should be planned as a unit on a scale to meet the demands of the centyry ® to come. * k¥ % In order to plan a city worthy to be the capital of a great nation, Washington adopted a unique and effective method to secure con- trol of the entire area by entering into an agreement with the 19 proprietors of the land which he expected to use. By this instrument nition of the fact that Great Britain must find some way of guaranteeing herself against the fatal consequences of a new Franco-German struggle, and with this goes a perfect realization that the one conceivable barrier to such a conflict must be some form of British commitment. ‘War Recovery Clear. In sum, then, all outward appear- ances which one meets in London, the state of mind, the tone of press comment, everything serves to em- phasize the fact that the British peo- ple have recovered from the strain of the war and from the emotions and prejudices and perhaps one might say the extreme idealisms of the post- war period. They have cleared the do- mestic political air by indulging labor in a brief government and now by an overwhelming majority they have placed power in the hands of a Tory government calculated and commis- sioned to defend end advance British interests by what one might almost call traditional British methods. And above all, since peace is the supreme necessity of the people of the British islands, British policy may be expected to exerclse a powerful restraining influence in Europe. In- deed, unless all signs fail, the period of temporary eclipse of British pres- tige and Influence in Europe is at an €nd, precisely as the period of eco- nomic depression seems bound to be replaced, perhaps less rapidly, by a more prosperous condition. To say it again and finally, John Bull once more looks like his picture and feels like himself. (Copyright, 1925.) gulfed . In Deep Diplomatic Maze (Continued from First Page.) ecalicitrancy in continental truction be abated. According to reliable advices, Pre- nfer Herriot soon will go to Lendon, here ostensibly to discuss the report pf the interallied arms commission on ermanic violations of the treaty of Cersailles. France would make this eport which has been submitted a nonth after the date set in the Ver- ailles treaty for the Cologne evacu- tion] a matter of firm representa- fons to Germany and occasfon for continued occupation of the Rhine- pand and the Ruhr, particularly “ologne and other strategic points. ingland, on the other hand, would modify ‘any such action, knowing the dangers of further inflaming [Germany and thereby postponing the [day of peaceful co-operation and set- tlement of Europe's problems. Eng- land would not muddy the waters urtil it has been proven there is no hope of complete and full agreement between Germany and France in re- [gard to pending questions. England, likewise, would like to see France land Germany aligned in a security pact and knows full well that any publication of the arms report at this juncture, with stern reprimands on the part of the allies, would defer the date of agreement on security and commerclal expansion so vital to Europe’s recovery. Now, if Ingland can insure some sort of security pact to France then there might be some modification of the French attitude. Knowing Eng- iand’s desire to keep the continental [boat at an even keel, the French statesmen are endeavoring to gain British consent to the general policy of maintaining France's after-the- [war agreements with other nations. ¥rance would have in this security hact a direct alliance against Ger- manio aggression. Likewise, she would have it embrace British com- n fitments to safeguard against Ger- manio , aggression toward FPoland, recon- Rumania and otfier of France's polit- ical allies in Eastern Europe. Eng- land does not like such a course and it is safe to state that Ingland at no time will offer any provision con- fining the scope of British endeavor to undue aggression by Germany against France and possibly Belgium. Will Seek Wide Guarantees Tt is believed possible that France will hold out to the end for wide guarantees on the part of England, but inasmuch as the extension of French influence and diplomatic prestige in Eastern Furope has been a sore point with England, it is not likely at any juncture that Britain will consent to Stand as godmother for French expansionist schemes. Such a polley would be dangerous and unwise, and undoubtedly never would be consented to by British do- minions. The whole Iastern Eu- ropean situation, because of peculiar offensive and defensive alliances be- tween France and smaller nations, and by virtue of hatreds and jeal- ousies, helghtened by many unsolved territorlal and racial questions, .is filled with dynamite, and England will not place herself in any position of danger where uncontrolled actions of others might menace her empire policies. But that England will give France some compensating advantages in lieu of the Geneva protocol, possibly promises which will permit some de- gree of co-operative endeavor toward settled peace on the continent, is certain. The question as to what part Ger- many shall play directly in any se- curity agreement is of interest. Ger- jmany has approached France asking | that she be given a voice in security negotiations and has promised to join with any non-aggression agreement should France agree to abandon any pretensions to the Rhineland and the the proprietors agreed to convey in trust to the President or to the commissioners all of their land which the President might think proper to include within the confines of the They further agreed: “The President shall have the sole power of directing the Federal City to be laid off in the manner he pleases. He may retain any number of squares he may think proper for any public improvements or any other public uses, and the lots only which shall be lald oft shall be joint property between the trustees on behalf of the public and equally divided between the public and the individ- uals as soon as may be after the city is laid off. “For the streets the proprietors shall re- ceive no compensation; but for the squares or lands in any form taken for public buildings or any kind of public improvements or uses, the proprietors whose lands shall be so taken shall recelve at the rate of 256 pounds per acre, to be paid by the public.” In this way George Washington able to plan the Federal City as a whole and to avold those incongruities which the planning of each separate section without regard to other sections is bound to produce. He em- ployed Maj. Andrew Ellicott to survey the land and Maj. Plerre Charles I/Enfant to de- sign the new Capital. Jefferson, then Sec- retary of State, turned over to L/Enfant the plans of many European citles which he had collected in his travels, but it was George Washington who insisted on a layout for the entire city. The Jefferson sketch map shows a narrow strip of regular blocks stretching from the Potomac to Capitol Hill, leaving all the surrounding area to be laid out in the future. ‘. We have to thank President Washington for the extent of the area planned, as well as for the location of the site of the KFederal City. In the early days there were those who scoffed at tne grandiose plans. They could see nothing but the mud holes on Penn- sylvania avenue, the unsightly surroundings of the Congress House and the rather forlorn isolation of the President’'s hous * ok ok Kk ) But the plan of ‘the seat of Government has lived, though many times forgotten, many times neglected. The street system of the L'Enfant plan, which extended only to Florida avenue, once Boundary street, is essentially the street system of today. The Mall, now practically free from encroachments, thanks to Senator McMillan and the senatorial com- mission of 1901, may yet be developed with some semblance to the plan of 1791. The rail- road tracks are gone. The fenced-in gardens are going. A new axis to rectify the error in the location of the Washington Monument has been adopted, and the New Museum of Natural History and the wings to the Agri- cultural Building conform to the new line. We have open squares and triangles and circles in the old city because George Wash- ington supported the L'Enfant plan, which dis- tributed open spaces at strategic intersections and in the foreground of proposed public buildings. The Father of Our Country bequeathed to us a plan which, so far as it has been realized, has given Washington a high rank among the capital cities of the world, and which, if it had been followed in its entirety, would have made the Capital of the United States the most beautiful of all. * * ¥ ¥ What has this generation done to deserve the Federal City of George Washington? Growing out of the centennial celebration of the occupation of Washington as the seat of Government, a movement -developed to pro- tect the future growth of the city. The Mec- Millan commission restudied the old L'Enfant plan, long since forgotten, and revised the Mall plan to something resembling the origi- nal conception. The commission prepared a comprehensive park plan, but in the 23 vears which have elapsed since the report of the Senate park commission, only 6 of the 53 areas recommended for purchase have been acquired. Many have been utterly destroyed. And in that time the poptlation has also doubled. The new areas have been bullt up the residents. Few sections have been care- fully planned even within themselves. And fn all the 135 years since the L'Enfant plan fostered by George Washington there has been no comprehensive restudy of ‘the Federal City, though the boundaries of the old plan were exceeded a generation ago. The awkward patching together of the new parts of the city with the old makes a contrast hardly favorable to our generation. In a day when the term “city planning” was not known, George Washington had the vision and the common sense to procure a unified, harmonious deslgn for the new Federal City. He could never have supposed that when the bounds of that plan were exceeded, his: suc- cessors would fail to provide a new plan. Yet we who live in a period when there fs a recognized profession of city planners have allowed the Capital City to spread out over the hills helter-skelter without profiting by the professional advice which we might claim. X X Xk X During the week of April 20, in New York City, in connection with the national con- ference on city planning, there will be held this year the conference of the International Federation for Town and Country Planning and Garden Cities. On April 28, the Washington Committee of One Hundred on the Federal City, which was organized by the Amerlcan Civic As- soclation in 1923, will hold, in the bullding of the Pan-American Union, a pan-Amerlcan con- ference on capital citles, to which have been invited delegates from the 20 American capi- tals represented in the unlon. The delegates to the New York conference have been asked to come to Washington to see what the Amer- icas have done in the way of capital bullding. The foreign delegates who may see Wash- ington for the first time will recognize clearly the inspired quality in the L'Enfant plan, for which George Washington as well as L'Enfant was responsible. They will appreciate the revival of the old plan and its adaptation to modern conditions which resulted from the work of the McMillan commission in 1901. They wlill recognize in the park plans of the newly created Capital Park Commission ex- cellent promise for the future. They will surely recognize the beauty of the Capitol, the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Me- morial and the existing parks of Washington. But how can they fail to criticize the develop- ment of Pennsylvania avenue? As students of modern principles of city planning, they cannot fall to recognize that the recent ex- pansion of the Capital of the United States has followed no general plan. * K ok % For two years the American Civic Assocla- tion has been striving to remedy this situa- tion. The American Institute of Architects has appointed a committee on the Federal City. The City Planning Institute and the Amerfcan Society of Landscape Architects have urged that a comprehengive plan be made for the Capital of the Nation. In recognition of this clearly defined need, Senator King of Utah recently introduced into the Senate a bill (S. 4253) to create a Federal City planning commission to prepare a “com- prehensive, consistent and co-ordinated plan for the District of Columbia and its environs,” which plan shall include “recommendations as to traffic and transportation; plats and sub- divisions: highwa: parks and parkways; school sites and playgrounds; housing build- ing and zéningregulations; public and private bulldings; bridges and waterfronts; commerce and industry; and other proper elements of city planning.” This bill has been reported favorably by the Senate committee on the District of Columbia. Representative Zihlman of Maryland has introduced a similar bill into the House (H. R. 12223), and it has been re- ported favorably by the House committee on the District of Columbia. Could a more fitting celebration of the 193d anniversary of the birth of George Washing- ton, who was responsible for the first plan of the Federal City, be found than the passage of this bill and the voting of the necessary funds to create, after 135 years, the second plan for Ruhr. France maintains that France's actions on the Rhine are wholly de- pendent upon Germany's fulfiliment Federal City. 3 without those friendly open &paces to serve the Greater Federal City? ' The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important “ news of the world for the seven days ended February 21, 1925: The British Empire—The attack in the Commons on the British govern- ment's safeguarding of industry pol- icy has begun. The enemies of that policy charge that the government is “Introducing protection by the back door.” The government spokesmen, of course, indignantly give the lle to that charge. Beside the famous cantilever rafl- road bridge across the Firth of Forth in Scotland it is proposed to bulld a rallroad suspension bridge in two spans of 2,400 feet each. The long- est bridge span in existence or under construction is the 1,800-foot span of the new Quebec cantilever bridge. Mr. Lindenthal's plans for a North River bridge call for a suspension span of 3,200 feet. The Firth of Forth project fits into a grand scheme of road and bridge construction and re- construction for Great Britain under the direction of the ministry of transport. The scheme has two aims; one to perfect the highway system of the island, the other to furnish work to the unemployed. The British government proposes to expend approximately twenty-one million pounds on aviation during the coming British fiscal year. It is pro- posed to increase the total strength of the air force from 54 to 61 squad- rons, the seven new squadrons to be added to the present home defense force of 18 squadrons. It is proposed to reduce the alr garrison of Irak when (or if) the Turco-Iraql bound- ary question is satisfactorily settled. Two airships are to be buflt, and ex- perimental work on airplanes and airships is to be brisked up. A slight increase of the regular air enlisted personnel is contemplated. An air reserve on a territorial basis is planned. * Kok K Framee—The franc has been be- having badly again. It fell slightly ebout a week ago, and though through prompt and energetic measures the loss was soon recovered, the govern- ment was made very uneasy. The fall is charged to expatriation of French capltal, and that to lack of fo the treaty of Versallles, and for this reason it is believed she is particu- larly anxious to reveal the extent of Germany's fallures to meet all the clauses of the treaty. England, on the other hand, believes that Germany should be embraced in any security agreement and unquestionably will press for realization of this end, for it is felt that If Germany becomes & part and parcel of the general pledge to maintain western continental equi- librium then the real problem of actual paclfication and' reconstruc- tion will be solved. In the meantime diplomatic-maneu- vering proceeds apace in alied cap- itals, and it is belleved definite courses will have been formulated by the time England is forced to an- nounce to the league council that the protocol cannot become an actuality until many more months have elapsed. At least Herriot of France and Cham- berlain of England are working to- ward this realization. confidence in the French financial sit- uation. The enemies of the govern- ment attribute this lack of confidence to some of the government’s policiés; its recognition of Moscow, its failure to dezl sternly with the Communists, its anti-clerical attitude, the clamor of the unifled Socialists who belong to the government bloc and whose support is indispensible to Herriot for a capital levy, etc. Herrlot ap- peals to Frenchmen in the name of patriotism not to 'expatriate their capital. The Nationalists invite the government to give place to a gov- ernment that would inspire the re. quired confidence. At whatever cost, says Herriot, bravely, “France must resist all temptations to abandon the policy to aveld inflation.” France must pay off as much of her indebted- ness as possible, borrow as little as possible. “Healthy money is the only policy capable of lowering the cost of liv- ing, capable of giving France the authority she needs in international councils.” Sound council and sincere; but even assuming the utmost loyalty of re- sponse from all taxpayers, the finan- cial situation of the government is one of desperate hardship, one to tax the genius of a Hamilton. The situation is, indeed, so desperate that a good many Frenchmen to whom Caillaux is anathema are considering whether it may not be necessary to utilize his authentic financial ability. &, XL Spain.—Gen. Primo de Rivera an- nounces that the work of purification of Spanish politics, which was the prime object of the establishment of the military directorate, is still con- slderably short of the point where restoration of constitutional govern- ment will be justified. He finds the economio situation in Spain highly satisfactory. When he took over the government he found a deficit of a mililon pesetas, increasing yearly by 200,000 peSetas, He has reduced the deflcit to 500,000 pesetas, notwith- standing the heavy expenditure for Morocco. He is about to return to Morocco, where the situation demands his personal attention, though he as- serts that execution of his program there has proceeded satisfactorily against unprecedented obstacles. As for the King, gratitude is due Senor Tbanez for increasing his popularity, already deservingly great. * ok k¥ Italy.—The - Popolo D'Italia, Mus- solini's newspaper, presents a strik- ing ploture of the economic achieve- ments of Fascismo. I cite the fol- lowing: The budget deficit, which in 1921 was nearly 16,000,000,000 lire, has been extinguished. The internal debt has been slightly reduced. The rail- road deficit, which in 1921 was 1,300,- 000,000 lire, has been wiped out. The revenue from the railroads has in- creased by 25 per cent. A like im- provement in the shipping situation is shown. Between 1921 and 1924 while - the value of imports has changed little, the value of exports has increased by 50 per cent and the excess of imports over exports has been decreased to 4,500,000,000 lire from 9,000,000,000. Bank deposits have increased from 26,000,000,000 to 36,000,000,000 lire. Unemployment has been cut down from 500,000 to 100,000. The Italian Senate has passed Mus- solini's electoral reform bill without amendment or reservation. The link from Malaga in Spain to Anzio in Italy having been completed, Italy now has direct cable communi- cation with the United States. * ok k¥ The Hejnr.—A delegation of the Indian caliphate committee has re- turned to India from the Hejaz, where it spent several months in a vain ef- fort to compose the quarrél between the King of Hejaz and the Sultan of Nejd and to effect an arrangement re- garding the holy places that would be satisfactory to pllgrims. I noted last week a report that the Sultan of Nejd has completely conquered the Hejaz, If so and the Sultan follows precedent in his family, it will go hard with the holy places and the pilgrims. Compared with the Wahhabites our Pilgrim fathers were jocund idolaters. * ok ok ¥ Untted States of America.—Both House and Senate have passed with- out record votes an amendment to the legislative appropriation blll which provides for increase of the salaries of mer bers of Congress from $7,500 'to $10,000 and of the salaries of the Vice President, the Speaker of the House and caBinet members from $12,000 to $15,000. The bill does not contain revenue provisions to cover the increase of expenditure. The bill proposes an addition of $1,376,000 to the Government payroll. - The House vote was 237 to 93. The Senate substituted for the rates in the House postal pay and rate bill (the which rates would provide ap- proximately enough revenue to meet the contemplated increase of expendi- ture) the quite inadequate rates pro- posed in its own measure, which was rejected by the House as contraven- ing the section of the Constitution which prescribes that “all bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House.” The House has, rather nat- urally, rejected the Senate's substi- tution. - We were a little worried about old filibuster. Had perchance some ac- oldent befallen him? But he turned up hale and hearty in the Senate on the 14th and squeiched business with his customary neatness and offi- clency. The Senate has confirmed the nomina- tion of Frank B. Kellogg to be Secre- tary of State, and that of Dr. Willlam M. Jardine, president of the Kansas State Agricultural College, to be Secre- tary of Agriculture. Dr. Jardine is said to know more about dry farming and some other agricultural matters than any one eise in the country: It is ‘under- stood that his views differ considerably from those of the late Secretary Wal- lace. For example, he is opposed to Government price-fixing. He is quoted as saying that not more than 10 per cent of the farmers' troubles can be remedied by legisiation. He has cap- tained a college foot ball eleven, punched cattle, busted bronchos and engaged In sundry eorts of farming, besides teach- ing and experimental work. A bill to forbid teaching in the State schools of “the Darwinian or any other theory of evolution linking man with the lower orders of life” has been de- feated in the North Carolina House. Reports indicate that the Loening amphibian airplane, built for the Army Air Service, has made good in its tests. Thesbody is equipped with pontoons and wheels. By means of an attachment operated by an electric motor the wheels are lowered or raised and folded to the body. The pilot throws his switch and there you are. One hears that experiments, giving good promise of success, are being made by the Baldwin locomotive works which have in view a new type of Diesel ofl-burning locomotive which should use the cheapest crude oil, at a fuel cost 25 to 50 per cent less than the cost of coal for tho eteam locomotive. That is, of course, & Diesel internal combustion en- gine using the oil would drive an electric generator, which would supply current to electric motors, which would drive the locomotive. The railroad companies of the country have expended more than $2,000,000,000 during the past two years for cars, 'locomotives and ‘“other im- provements,” and propose to expend more than a billion for like purposes during the present year. William Beebe and his staff of 14 trained workers are off in the Arcturus to study the Sargasso Sea and the Hum- boldt current. The Arcturus is ‘“the floating home and laboratory of the troplcal research department” of the New York Zoological Society, and, as every one should know, Mr. Beebe is a naturalist of the highest distinction, an explorer of note and a most delightful writer. The Arcturus has an ideal equip- ment for her work. We shall soon be getting wireless messages from the Port of Missing Ships. After an expensive three-year search the American Museun) of Natural His- tory has obtained from Nepal a speci- men of the almost extinct pink-headed duck, shot by a native hunter “on his own.” The prime object of the magnifi- cent Vernay-Faunthorpe hunting expedi- tion to India in 1922-3 was to secure a pink-headed duck. Tt failed thereof, though it brought back a precious col- lection, including a specimen of the pre< viously unknown “Siamese Switt.” * ok k *x Mixcellaneous—The “Barmat” po- litico—financial scandals now being aired at Berlin, are emitting a stench not altogether unfamiliar on this side of the Atlantic. On February 10 Dr. Marx was elect- ed chancellor ‘of Prussia by the Prussian Diet. On the 20th the Diet voted non-confidehce, and the Marx cabinet fell. It fell because Dr. Marx Insisted on continuing Herr Severing, the Socialist, as minister of the interfor, a man who,is a loyal champion of the republic and by the same token anathema to the Na- tionalists. 'Wo members of the Bulgarian Parliament have been murdered- withe in the past week, presumably by Communists, The Greek and Jugoslay govern- ments are negotiating with a view to renewal of their famous alliance for mutual defense. Poland is balancing her budget. Sad news comes from Russia con- cerning the Winter crops. A Turkish Deputy is dead as the result of wounds received in a brawl during a session of the Grand National Assembly at Angora. Urged to return kome to assist in the rehabllitation of his much-vexed country, the Shah of Persia continues his frollcsome career at the gay re- sorts of Europe. He simply will not g0 back to dull Teheran. At last we get news from Southern Howe About Needles and Haystacks; Old Tunes; An In- vulnerable Cat. BY E. W. HOWE, “The Sage of Potato Hill." HE hypocrisy we condemn so generally and cordially is not entirely a bad trait; indeed, it may be the foundation of such culture as we have. The po- lite man is always something of & hypocrite; he tolerates many things he really wishes to denounce. Indeed, he pretends to admire many things e actually despises. This would be a ruder and more uncomfortable world without hypocrisy. * Ok ¥ ¥ Ever since I can remember a tre- mendous row of some kind has gone on. There has never been a weelk that the people were not excited about something sufficiently momentous to cause them to neglect their legiti- mate and necessary affairs. Sometimes the row is so great that men of cer- tain suitable ages are drafted to march away to war and undergo the torments of body lice and balls fired from high-powered rifles. At other timés the row has been over elec- tions almost as destructive as war. I have looked into these rows with such intelligence as T have, and con- clude that they are brought about by a very small minority of the people. How many were really influential in bringing about the last war, the ex- pense of which will trouble us for many, many years to come? A hun- dred thousand? Probably not so many; yet they controlled more than a hundred million people and made them engage in an enterprise they abhorred and didinot believe in. This is what we call majority rule, and of which we are so proud. If we actual- 1y had majority rule we should soon be rid of most of our sefious troubles. Our great rows originate with the half-idle, the half-vicious, who prey on industry and the Ten Command- ments, - ALk There is a lot of quarreling about prohibition, but I sometimes think it worth while, after all. For one thing, the old-time drunkard has almost entirely disappeared. And he was the most disgusting type of man the world ever produced. I used to know a man named Pet Lamb, of whom it was said he frequently was drunk and sober three times in a day; and he was terrible to meet. * x ¥ % A few women are tremendously feminine. I have known three such n my life, and suspect a fourth. A man who has not known a truly feminine woman cannot appreclate how agreeable and helpful a woman may be. * ok ok * An old monarch had, many wives and concubines, and one of the lat- ter had such great femininity that he honored her above all the rest; hers is vne of the noted names in histor: Possibly true femininity is a sul mission dating back to the old days of plural wives, and I do not say it is right; only that it is very agreeable to men, and that wives who have it help husbands most. All women are able to men up to a certain point, but the truly feminine woman wields the influence longest, and finds a hus- band a lover after marriage. I do not pretend to advise women; let them work out their problems as best they may, but I know true femininity is rare, and that it sways men as nothing else does. True femininity-is not sexual development: it is tenderness. influence abnormal delicacy, & I am becoming very tired of the tune called “Old Black Joe"; also of “My Old Kentucky Home,” and many others. Also, of pieces heard at band and orchestra concerts. 1 am living this Winter in a town where two professional bands give concerts twice a day. Their programs are (Continued from Fi ment? Not from the State or city. His case is usually not diagnosed, and instead of being sent to a moral hospital he is exposed to all the con- tagious moral diseases with which every prison {s pregnant. Certainly moral strength is as im- portant as physical strength, if not more so. Breakdown of moral strength cost the Natlon three and a half billions in crime last year. 1 don’t know how much the failure of physical strength cost, but I doubt if it cost nearly as much. That's where the church may serve. Q. Do you propose to abolish pun- ishment? A. No. The church believes that where the law has been violated pun- ishment is due, whether it be the pun- ishment meted out by man or by his Maker. We believe in this, but we go one step farther. How to Heal Wound. With every crime a wound has been inflicted upon society. That wound should be healed. The best way to heal it is to cure the delin- quent. For if we punish, but do not cure, he continues to wound society. How can we heal that wound? That's the first thought behind our probation plan, This is what we are doing. When a boy is jafled for the first time his religious ~affiliation s immediately recorded. It's rather a joke, in a way, that no, one ever inquires our religion until we get todail. It is a fact that most juvenile of- fenders have had no religious train- ing,. and that's what the Catholic Church is endeavoring to give its wayward sons. If they have failed to come to us, we take the church to them. He may have disowned us, but we follow him to the chair if neces- sary, with the hope that his soul may be saved for the lifs eternal. When a boy is up for the first of- fense we ask permission of the judge to Investigate the case. This is a diagnosis which any physiclan would perform. Therefore, we go into the boy's home. We find out what his parents were, and how much moral training he had. We don't want to influence the court. All we want are e —— China. Fighting is still going on Detween the adherents of Sun Yat Sen and those of Gen. Chen Kwang Ming. The Japanese press is denouncing the decision of the British govern- ment to expend the equivalent of $50,000,000 over a term of years on the naval base at Singapore, as dis- playing a lamentable distrust of Britain's old ally; but Japan, I under- stand, is spending a like sum this year on two naval bases. Important remains of two cities, one Inca, the other, pre-Inca, have been brought to light in Peru. The second opium conference (Geneva) ended at last on Febru- ary 19, ’ almost exactly alike, and have been for years. Today one band plays “Willlam Tell,” and the other plays “Poet and Peasant.” Tomorrow they reverse the order. In the evening paper recently T noted that “Mignon” was to be played that night by both bands and by three hotel orchestras. And there is no relief; it is a world of old things. And probably some- thing new would not be as agreeable as the old. One of the bands lately played a new plece called “The Blue Kitten,” and it was dreadful “Willlam Tell* would have been more agreeable. Ked & There should not be in America & man who devotes his time wholly to oratory. Actors and writing men are content to remain mere entertainers we may patronize them, or let them alone. But orators to endeavor to power punish * enemies. They organize to ralse money, spread propaganda, and disturb the people by calling them out to attend con- ventions and march in parades; they demand new laws, with hordes of officials to enforce them. X3 They demand wars, and that busy workers enlist. Business men engage in an enter- prise, and, if it is not popular, they charge off the loss and engage in something else Not so with successful orators and statesmen, they never let up, and nearly always they are mistaken Perhaps there has been in histors no more humiliating and destructive period than that known as the Crusades. One orator started that trouble: a trail of blood runs through hundreds of years, and it began with a power- ful speech. The people should not permit sol- diers of fortune to wield great power Resisting them has caused more loss of energy and treasure than war itself. W. J. Bryan is one of the most amiable of our orators. But is not his opposition to evolution a relic from the old inquisition? uppose Mr. Bryan had won Would he not have done disagree able things to his opponents, the professors? secure * k% ox The average man doesn’t want to fall in love. But the average man does fall in love, does marry, and does divide his income with his wife and children. The average man does all this because the averags woman wants him to. And, what is more, she frequently does such a good job of it that he imagines it was his own idea. Nor does she permit him to change his mind. (Note—I have seen this in print many times. I have myself written it. The last time I saw it in print credit was given to Lucian Corry.) % o If a man hates women, it is be- cause they do not care for him. x % x % My closest neighbor happens to he my brother, and a farmer. I often think his experiences are as unusual as the experiences of bankers or other persons engaged In more exact- ing occupations. A cat in his family became ill and dragged around in a distressing way for a week. My brother concluded the animal could not get well and that it would be a humane act to end its misery. One evening when he went out to milk the cat followed him, as was its cus. tom. Having procured a dose o strychnine in town that day, he gave it to the cat in warm milk, intending to bury the animal and tell the children their pet had disappearasd. Next morning he observed the ecat was better. In a few days it was entirely well and became fatter than it had been before. (Copyright, 1925.) Is Religion Ldsing to Jazz? Cardinal Hayes Blames Youth the facts. We place these before the judge. It is a piece of research. We have scientific and literary research; for which wealthy men have endowed laboratories and libraries, and we have chemical research, in which we concoct deadly war gases.” Why not human research to save young lives? Lenient to First Offenders. After the dlagnosis we say this boy is still gullty, but let's heal him anyway. .And in the case of first of- fenders, the judge is usually too glad to turn him over to us for a term of probation. The strongest advocates of our probation plan are the judges and prosecuting attorneys, and recently I see that they have urged such a plan upon our brethren in the other churches. Q. What happens to the boy dur- ing this period of probation? ’ A. We see that he gets employ- ment and require him to report every Monday. We help him to make peace with his Maker, and see that he gets @ fresh start in a cleaner, upright life. He knows that if he strays his old suspended sentence is hanging over him. So by these little moral taps, instead of the cruel prison lash which numbs a boy's soul, we guide him back into the stralght highroad of life. You may say this is just a dream. Isn't this all too idealistic to really happen? I dom’t think so. This is what we have done. In New York State last year 77 per cent of all pro- bation cases were successful. In Massachusetts, 83 per cent. The Benefits to Soclety. Q. What has been the outstanding benefit to society from probation? A. The saving of boys from prison. I suppose few people realize what harm a prison wrecks upon & man's soul. He is transferred to another world. After he has once been there, it means nothing to gc back. In fact, the prison has a fascination, for it is warm in Winter and there are no re- sponsibjlities. One moves with the nerd. That's why prisons seldom cure criminals, and also why we cannot stop the crime wave by increasing our jail sentences. We put entirely too much faith in our prisons. There are other benefits, however. It costs, the State $396 a year for every boy kept in jail. Probatlion costs $23 a year. Also the jails of New York and Mas- sachusetts are much less crowded, and I understand that Wingdale is being used for other purposes. Finally, since the boy is usually an important if not the only breadwinner, probation avolds breaking up the family. Q. Will present-day youth continue in its moral slump? A. I don’t know. We are too close to view the thing distinctly. We shali undoubtedly pull out, but soms of the present generation may be lost in the transition. It would be foolish for me to make a prediction, (Copyrignt, 1925, -