Evening Star Newspaper, February 5, 1925, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR 'With Sunday Morning Edition. -— WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY....February 5, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Bustness Office, 11th St. and Penusylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chteago Oce Tower' Bullding, Buropean Office : 16 Regent St.,London, England. nday morning The Er with the § edition, by carriecs in the city at 80 cents per month: dally only, 45 cents per month; Sunday only, 20 cents per auonth. Orders he set by mail or tele- phone Maln §000. Collection 15 made by car- Ters at the end of each menth. vening Star, s delivered Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunda; 1yr, $8.40; 1 mo, T0c Daily only 1yr., $6.00; 1 mo.,, 50¢ Sunday only 1yr., $2.40; 1 mo,, 20¢ All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; L mo, Dally only 1yr, $7.00;1mo., Sunday on ‘1, $3.00; 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusivaly eutitl o the use for republication of all news di atches c uot otherwise credited e “local news pub of —_— What Price, Senators? ‘Are those Senators who are fearful that some day, in some manner, we may in some way become involved in the aff of Europe willing to pay the price for that complete and utter American detachment which they seem to think should hé the goal of our foreign policy? Is the isolation they advocate worth the twelve billion dollars owed this Gov- crnment by the governments of Europe and the several other billions owed by Europe to American citizens? That they are not willing to pay eny such price goes without saying. In fact, they are rather inclined to press for payment by the nations which were our associates in the late war and to display somewhat of im- patience because those charged with responsibility for our foreign rela- tions have not been a little more in- sistent as debt collectors. They ex- hibit no great fear that pressure on France and Italy and other delin- «quent debtors would result in embar- rassing involvement in European af- fairs. But efforts to collect relatively insignificant sums owed us_ by Ger- many apparently fill them with ap- prehension. Before the text of the Paris agree- ment was received in Washington Secretary Hughes gave assurances that it made no provision for sanc- tions and did not commit the United Btates in any way to action in case the contemplated payments were not made. Subsequent publication of the complete text bore out the Secretary’s advance interpretation of it. But still the fears of objecting Senators are unallayed, They foresee a time when operation of the Dawes plan will fail to be productive of the expected an- nual payments, and something will have to be done about it. The thing they evidently fear is use of armed force or other coercive measures to make Germany pay. They are com- pelled to admit that mo such pro- ceeding is provided for in the Paris agreement and that the United States would be under no legal obligation to participate in the employment of force, but they dread the compelling power of a “moral” obligation. Upon what do they base their contention that such an obligation would exist? It is axiomatic that there can be no moral obligation to do an immoral ect, and if the United States believed use of force against Germany was wrong it would be as free to decline participation as Great Britain was to stand aloof from occupation of the Ruhr, which the British government Delleved exceeded the sanctions pro- vided for in the treaty of peace. Is it to be expected that a future Ameri- can Government would be flabbler in @ matter of right and wrong than was the British government in tfe instance of the Ruhr? Let it be admitted that assign- ment to us of a percentage of the Dawes annuities gave us a direct in- terest in the problem of collecting reparations from Germany. We had that direct interest before the Paris agreement was conceived, and would have had it if we had refused to sign at Paris. The nations to which German reparations are owed are owing us for money we loaned them and, Great PBritain alone excepted, are predicating ability to pay us upon receipt of payments from Germany. Our interest thus arising is many times greater than our interest under the percentage assignment at Paris. It seems rather childish to believe that if the larger interest would not Jead us into a wicked use of force ‘we would ‘consent to be wickedly forceful on the s Europeans used to know but little ®bout American politics. At present many Europeans take credit for know- ing more about it than Americans themselves. ——————————— Start Building at Once! Objection is raised in the Senate to the $150,000,000 public buildings bill that it carries no appropriations, and, moreover, that it will not permit any of the money speclified to be spent in the District until 1927. Senator Smoot, who is an earnest advocate of & definite and immediate building pro- gram for the Government at the Cap- ital, proposes amendments that will cause the measure, if enacted, to be effective for early beginning to re- lieve the federal needs here in Wash- Ington. The principle of the omnibus bill as vassed by the House the other day s & sound one. It is indeed the same principle as that underlying the pro- posed $50,000,000 five-year building bill for Government needs in the Dis- trict. It “budgets” the building pro- &ram of the Government, enlarging it 1o cover Foderal needs throughout the country. Argument is mot meeded, however, to demonstrate that the most urgent need in public building con- struction s felt here. Every one of the departments is today suffering from lack of space for clerical work and for the filing and preserving of documents essential in the proper con- duot of the Government’s business. . -50 bas been, often. stateds T business corporation would continue so0 long with so inadequate a plant as the Government has at this time. Its equipment is uneconomical. It is not suited to public service uses. It in- volves the payment of large sums in rentals for unsuitable quarters. It ex- poses priceless records to loss by fire and to destructive deterioration. It impairs the health of workers and lowers their efficiency. Agsinst all these considerations which urge the immediate provision of proper facilities for the transac- tion of the Government's business is interposed merely the plea of a false ecoromy. Postponement of actual ap- propriations for public building pro- vision is not economy; it is extrava- gant waste, for costs increase from vear to year. For example, the cost | of a building to occupy a portion of the so-called five-square site lying east of the White Lot, purchased by the Government before the Great War, would probably be twice as much to- day as at the time the land was ac- quired. Meanwhile the Government has had in rent from the properties on this great site a meager amount, by no means representing an adequate interest on the cost of the land. 1t is therefore on all accounts desir- able that the public building legisla- tion should be so framed as to insure an immediate beginning upon the pro- gram of constructions at the Capital in accordance with the theory of the five-year program project, from which this present larger plan has grown. SRS Juvenile Degeneracy. In the records of crime lately being brought to light there are numerous evidences of the prevalence of a hor- ritying tendency on the part of young people to break the laws, to tamper with life, to commit atrocities asso- ciable only with wutter degeneracy. Shocking precosity is manifest. Only a few months ago the case of two youths in Chicago who slew a little boy for the sake of “thrills” and who are mow in prison for the re- mainder of their lives held the atten- tion of the entlre country. From time to time since other instances have occurred of this adolescent criminality. A young girl in Cali- fornia killed her mother because she was forbidden to attend *‘jazz parties.” Another California girl, only 7 years of age, bas confessed to killing her younger sisters and another person by poison. There is some doubt of the truth of her acknowledgment. It may be merely a case of imagination. But it may, on the other hand, be true, Such things are happening, unbeljevable though they may be. Now comes the disclosure that some one at the Ohio State University, a student presumably, has been put- ting poison in capsules of medicine prepared for the use of under- graduates suffering from colds, Two have died and another is dangerously ill. These capsules were prepared in the college of pharmacy in the course of laboratory work, and the theory is that a student possessed by & spirit of murderous mischief put poison in them, not with design upon any in- dividual, but for possible wholesale killing. No specific motive of indi- vidual murder can be conceived as in the dispensing of the medicins it is distributed on a wholesale basis. In the case of the two Chicago youths education was not lacking. Indeed, these boys were, if anything, overenlightened. Ignorance had no part in their degeneracy. If a stu- dent at the Columbus institution has been murdering at random, as the facts indicate, there can be no ex- cuse in lack of education. Indeed, the crime is committed in the educa- tional process itself, It is in the last degree disturbing to find such a ghastly record of criminality on the part of the young piling up in the news reports. The present tendencies in juvenile circles are decidedly unwholesome. In the reports of court proceedings defend- ants in their teens continually ap- pear, charged with a wide range of offenses, The average age of those indicted for crimes of violence, for robbery, assault and murder, is lower than it has ever H¥en. Something is at fault in the present system of child training. The other day the Blshop of Washington, in addressing the diocesan convention of the Episcopal Church, declared that the parents of today are derelict in their duty. He is sustained in this assertion by plain evidences of a breaking down of parental authority, by a weakening of home associations, by failure of the parents themselves to set proper examples for their children. It is a far search to find the causes of this condition, but the fact re- mains that society in this country at least is not as sound as in earlier days, that youth is less stable moral- ly, and that unless the parents re- assume the responsibility for the moral welfare of their offspring a shocking record of juvenile crime threatens to grow to the point of en- dangering the foundations of society itself. e All of Wilhelm’s previous posses- slons will be restored to him, minus the incumbrance of a scepter. The ex-kaiser was not much of & states- man, but he is a highly successful business man. Bechuanaland Skull. Renewal of the discussion of a pos- sibility of relationship between man and ape is imminent. Periodically accounts come of the finding of skulls regarded as of human and simian character. The latest of tHese finds is in Bechuanaland, Africa, and the finder has given the name Austral- opithecus Africanus to the being or the thing to which it belonged in life. Two eminent English scientists are quoted as expressing faith in the sci- entific knowledge of Prof. Raymond Dart, the finder of this skull, and one of them, who has not seen the skull or the deposit where it was found, says he believes that the relic “be- longs to a period twice as long before the Piltdown and Java skulls as the latter were before ourselves.” Several skulls have been found in farapart regions which have stimu- lated the theories of anthropologists, but it is believed that thess finds have heen inoonclustyss In aeadx &l She THE EVENING cepted as established, that no thrlvinglcam sclentists have disagreed, some holding that the skull was that of a savage man, or even a man of the usual civilization of his time, or the skull of a subnormal man, or that it was the skull of an ape. In the case of the few bones found in Java and assumed by some authorities as hav- ing belonged to a creature to which those authorities gave the name pithi- canthropus erectus, discussion was very active in the 90s, and it seems that even today anthropologists have not agreed that the Java bones were those of the missing link. The latest discoverér of one of these strange and very old skulls is quoted as saying that the creature of which this was the skull, “while not human, was yet more Intelligent than the go- rilla or chimpanzee and must be re- garded rather as a manlike ape than as an apelike man.” There will prob- ably be lively discussion of the Bechuanaland skull until the finding of another skull which has manlike and apelike points of resemblance. There must always be a large element of speculation and conjecture in dis- cussion of these skulls, The Lanes of Philadelphia. A wealthy Philadelphian recently died, leaving a memory of many bene- factions conferred upon his fellow townsmen, many gifts to the poor, donations to institutions and works of public merit. He was one of the most highly esteemed residents of the City of Brotherly Love. So prominent was he, so much respected, that in the course of years a good many boy babies had been named for him, either | by his full name of David H. Lane, or David or Lane. It now develops from his will, just probated, that he has left a fund from which will be paid to each boy who prior to his decease had been thus given his name in whole or in part, the sum of $500. It is expect- ed that several hundred claims will be flled against the estate on this score. But just think of the number of claim- ants if David H, Lane had given any intimation during his lifetime of such a purpose. The Davids and the Lanes of the rising generation of Philadel- phians would have been as the sands of the shore, the leaves of the forest. Perhaps it was the height of wisdom for him to conceal his beneficent in. tentlon from public knowledge. —_—————— It is very convincingly contended that the world is no worse than it used to be, but that the facilities for con- cealment have greatly deteriorated. The coming generation will be well informed as to what it is necessary to avoid and hypocrisy will afford scant refuge. ——————— There has been an increase in gaso- line nrodm{tlom The supply, how- ever, is not excessive and the demand at the filling stations warrants, it is claimed, a raise of price. There is no reliable method of guessing the market. ———————— Children once worried about being kept in school. Education pursues pleasanter and more persuasive lines. At this day the only fear is that of inadequate facilities that may keep some of them out. ———— An inquiring Senate {s evidently disposed to keep Secretary of State Hughes as busy as possible before his resignation goes into effect. There is never any disposition to spare the willing worker. . SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Works, ‘We say that folks frivol with bubbles and dance, And life has become insincere; The earnest endeavor has scarcely a chance, . In pathways by duty made clear. But the lamps are aglow in the city 50 great Dispelling the shadows that lurk ‘Where the buildings grow taller— and so we may state ‘That somebody’s doing the work. ‘There are ships on the sea, there are ships in the sky; L ‘There are students whose tofl is'ob- seure; 5 There are marbles and pictures to gladden the eye; There’s patriot purpose secure. ‘Though reckless the rhythm 'mid fes- tive array Where pleasure all care seems to shirk— We know that while many seem only g at play ‘Somebody is doing the work. Restrained Expression. “Your latest remarks contained no new ideas whatever,” protested the old friend. “That's ‘all right,” answered Sen- ator Borghum. “My position requires @ certain amount of oratory. If I can't be known as a man of silence I can at least attain the reputation of not saying anything.” Jud Tunkins says parents and chil- dren should understand each other better, but not well enough’'to at- tend the same jazz parties. Since the World Began. ‘We listen to great erndition From people who take the position’| That they are sufficiently clever To supervise human endeavor; ‘We hear an abundance of chatter Describing just what is the matter— But remarks have not yet been ex- tended To show how affairs may be mended. Artistic Advantage. “Do you enjoy going to the opera?” “Very . much,” answered Miss Cayenne. “Owing to its being in a foreign language the words can be.as rough as the performers like, You're not compelled to.understand it.” Ingratitudes. A nation’s people mold its meod Throughout the years that fly— Republics show ingratitude— But so do you and I! “A natchelly talkative person,” said Uncle Eben, “generally has de best of an argument, owin' to his vocal STAR, 'WASHINGTON, i « A ton of coal in the cellar 1s worth two in the alley. A man may be forgiven for getting exquisite satisfaction out of a brand: new ton of coal, especfally if it is put in just at the beginning of a cold spell, when the bin was prac- tically empty. The furnace, like an iron Oliver Twist, stood there clamoring for “more.”. Coal was what it wanted. Nothing else would do. Its digestive tubes were not equipped for the con- sumption of ofl. A furnace is .a hard master. It calls for attention at all times, per- haps in the middle of the night, when a freshening wind comes whooping down its chimney, stirring Its banked embers to renewed vigor. Many men there are who think they know all the vagarles of their pet furnace, vet in reality know but little more about the thing than they did when first they slung in that first disheartening shovel of anthracita. That first shovelful, by the way, marks a crisis in the life of every furnace. Also in the life of the stoker. That first shovel goes against the grain, as it were. “Just like putting money into the fire,” said one householder. But he gets over that feeling. After awhile the furnace man comes to view coal more philo- sophically. Instead of putting maney into the furnace to burn up, he merely puts in coal to warm his house. He can throw on five big heaping shovelfuls without a single qualm. Not until then does he see the true | beauty in a ton of black dlamonds. Formerly a ton of coal in the cellar had been a ton of coal to him, and nothing more. It haa been a source of expense, some toil, and some worry. Now it suddenly blossomed like the rose, became a theme for dreams, an invitation to poetry. How_come? * K K X A ton of coal, looked at rightly, is = rich mine -of human nature. When L looked at my new ton of coal, reposing there in a great heap in the bin, I saw vislons, and dreamed dreams. The black expanse gave way to & fair, white sheet, and upon it I read the words of Walt Whitman: Rise after rise, bow the phantoms bebind me, Atar down ¥ see the huge first Nothing, I kvow I was even there, 1 waited unseen and always, and slept through the lethargic mist, And took my time, and took no burt from the fetid carbon, Loog I was hugged close—long and loog. Immeose have been:the preparations for me. Faithful and friendly the arms that have helped me. Cycles ferried my cradle, rowing and rowing like cheerful boalmen, For room to me stars kept aside in their own rings, They sent influences to look after what was 5 hald me. Before 1 was born out of my mother genera- tions guided me, My embryo has never been torpid, nothlng could overlay it. For it the nebula cohered to an erm, The long slow strata p Test'It 0n, Vast vegreabics gave it sustenance. Monstrous sauroids transported it in their mouths and deposited with care. All forces bave been steadily employed to Complete’ and delight me, Now on this spot I stand with my robust soul. Perhaps this is one of the most inspiring thoughts to be gotten out of a ton of coal, that the individual soul of man, today contemplating the carbon in his cellar, was in existence centuries and centurics ago, slept through the mist, and took no hurt from the slow piling of the strata The picture of the cycles ferrying “like cheerful boatmen” s unique, as also is that of the monstrous sau- rolds carting us along in their mouths. And that climax: All forces bave been steadily employed to compiete and delight me, Now on this spot I stand with my robust soul TIsle of Pines Editors of the country are almost unanimous in favor of ratification of the Isle of Pines treaty with Cuba now pending before the Senate after 1ying in the files of the committee on foreign relations for 21 years. “The long delay—nearly 21 years— in acting on the Isle of Pines treaty with Cuba has obscured public inter- est in it and knowledge of the case for ratification,” says the New York Herald-Tribune, which adds: “By the provisions_of the Spanish treaty of peace the Isle of Pines was omitted from the boundaries of Cuba to be specified in its constitution, the title of ownership thereof being left to fu- ture adjustment by treaty. The Isle of Plnes has been governed de facto as Cuban territory. We do not cover it. The American settlers there fear some economic hardship if the {sland passes irrevocably under Cuban sov- ereignty. But their rights and prop- erty are protected in the Hay treaty and the United States will still retain its partfal protectorate over .the whole of Cuba. There are no public reagons of sufficient weight to justify disapproval of the long. side-tracked Hay-Quesada convention.” i “The case of the island’ Americans is pathetically weak,” thinks the Philadelphia Public Ledger, which continues: “Historfcally, geograph- ically and even politically it seems indefensible. True, they migrated there In the bellef that it was Amert- can territory, but such claims were not made by Washington, but by the development companies that bought land in the Isle of Pines and resold it in small tracts to thousands of American buyers.” the Seattle Times “an Impartial view of the question should convince the average American that Cuba's claim 1o the island is good. - For one thing, it can be shown that it was always considered as part of Cuba since it was discovered by Columbus in 1494." ‘While the Detroit Free Press thinks “America means to stick to the Hay- Quesada bargain, the more so as the Isle of Pines question has for two decades been a cloud over Cuban- American relations and has given rise to misgivings In Latin America’ generally.” ek e * * ¥ % “An interesting bit ‘of history” says the Springfield Union, “concerns the negotiations under ' the Platt amendment by which the Cuban sec- retary of state and the American Minister to Cuba negotiated two treaties, under one of which our Gov- ernment secured naval bases at Guantanamo and Bahia Honda. is treaty was promptly ratified by, both governments. The _same rties signed a treaty which confirmed Cuba's title to the Isle of Pines. Hven were it held that the title to the Isle of Pines was left an apen question pending the negotistions for naval bases, it was manifestly an’ action little short of dishonorable for our Governmient to take over the naval bases under one treaty and refuse to ratify the other confirm- ing Cuba’s title to the Isle of Pines.” “The fact is" observes- the Des Moiges Tribune News, “that the United States committed itself to a program shortly after the war with Spain and the still small voice of national conscience has been smaller nd quieter ever since. It has been quite deaf to the Philippine reitera- tions of perfectly. intalligible Ameris In the opinion of BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. All of .us who are not perfect—and that Includes most of us—can find immense satisfaction in that thought, that we have actually arrived, safe 1y, through all the vicissitudes of tim and space, and stand here at last with our robust souls. ‘The soul of the sickliest, the worst favored, the most timid, must be pretty healthy, wonderfully beauti- ful, bold and brisque, to have sur- vived all those centuries, escaped the onslaughts of the dinosaurs, and. the terrible tempests of the aeons, the great glaclers, the shuddering heat when the stin came too near the earth. The next time the boss calls you in on the green carpet and starts bawling you out, remember your ro- bust soul, and enjoy a little joke with it at the boss’ expense. * ok ok ok In a ton of coal I saw another picture. I saw the hilly mine country, or the flat mine country, whether of Pennsylvania, West Virginia or southern Indiana. Tall, grimed men, in colorless clothes, . stiff-shaped caps, strode by under the gas lamps after o day in the mines. An ol lamp gleamed for a moment through the opened door of a small house, a house with un- painted boards, covered with coal dust and smoke like the rest of the landscape. Just for a moment I saw into that house, where a robust woman waited and two robust children ran forward to greet Paw. The same sentiments that crown your homecoming in the evening | glorify that man’s return. In niy ton of coal I saw another picture: This time it was of strings of cars, endless —cars, one after another, jerking and thumping over the ties— alick-clack—dlick-clack—alick-clack. They slid under little bridges, prefaced by waving thongs to warn men on the freight cars to duck. They rolled their way down the sides of mountains and climbed back up again. That: you and % might be warm this Winter! Click-c over the hills and along by ice-bright streams; click-clack through dull flelds, soon to bloom again: click-clack into the local freight yards. 1 saw a picture of business men, coal yards, clerks at counters, taking ordefs, wagons backed up to be filled, trucks moving through the streets of the National Capital, un- loading in street or alley. | 1 saw colored men, wash boilers slung over shovels, come along to put the-new coal In. I followed it down Into countless basements and heard the good housewives breathe great sighs of relief when the coal was all put away at last. R The most beautiful picture of all to be seen in a pile of coal is that of warm households. See that living room, davenport, end table, gleaming ‘lamp, soft, sub- dued, yet allve with light. Sece the man there, sitting in the easy c¢hair, listening to the New Willard Hotel Orchestra play selec- tions from ‘*Maritana,” while at the same time he reads In Better Homes and Gardens the pathetic tale of Edgar Allen Poe and his Annabel Lee. He begins to read- at the first strains of music “and finishes the artiole just as the last note of the music stills. Coal is responsible for this happi- ness. Yes, there are pictures and dreams in a ton of coal, but none more pleasing than this: Thousands of warm homes, children playlng on the rugs, bables coolng, dogs romping, cats mewing. Ratification of Pact Giving Cuba Widely Favored of land like the Isle of Pines had come to symbolize a new national urge for territorial as well as trade expansion.” The Louisvills Times adds: “The Isle of Plnes is not our island. America is pledged to a urse of justice in dealing with weaker nations. Justice to the weak- er nations Is a popular ideal. Amer- ica hardly will grab an island from Cuba because Americans occupy a part of it.” “Mtght does not confer right,” de- clares the Chattanooga News, “not- withstanding the alleged Irreverent remark of Napoleon that the Lord is on the side of the heaviest bat- talions. There would probably be 1ittle or no contention over the title to the Isle of Pines if the other party than this country were Great Britain or Japan instead of Cuba. That this is true seems to have been recognized by this country by its entering into a treaty to ‘gulet’ Cuba's sovereign ‘title: . That treaty, we feel sure, ought to be ratified.” While the New 'York World adds: “The good faith, the henesty, the honor of the United Btates aro olearly at stake. The Senate cannot. longer withhold action on the treaty or reject it without heaping dfsgrace upon thse United States Senate and imputing. bad faith to this Nation.” One_dissenting voice comes from the Chicago Tribune, which says: “Islands are {slands these days. And with. Heligoland and Guam as sad examples, America can il afford to glve up carelessly what we may need later. . Future war and its methods is_unpredictable, Wo cannot know what value the Isle of Pines may have. Cuba herself may find security better by leaving it in American hands. We suggest go slow about giving up the Isle of Pines.” Would Erect Homes " With Retirement Fund To the Editor of The Star; In your editorial of today dis- ‘cussing the rent question, the follow- ing_smong, other statements appears: ‘“‘Secratary -Hoover makes the apt suggestion that {f Congress will pass the bl Which protides for the wi- cial housing in.Government-owned buildings of the department now in renited quarters the Government will release for dwelling use several large, privately-owned apartment storehouses. * -Doubtless the adoption of this sug- gestlon would prove helpful in solv- ‘g this vexatfous question. Would it not also prove helpful fn the same direction if Congress au- thorized and directed nl:; Secretary of the Treasury to apply a portion 1 service retirement fund, ntiag fo .fl&z:.ooo, erection o o ings tl:r't:i accommodation of bei ive and retired civil service employss; the rents to be derived therefrom to be credited to said fund. According to expert authority, it will be many years pefore the Government will ‘be called upon to contribute a dollar to- ward the civil service retirement fund. Meantime; to’ what better use could it be put, that is a portion of it, than to aid in solving the remt problem, especially when the amount might thus be realized could and THE NORTH WINDOW BY LEILA MECHLIN The best art is sometimes found in out-of-the-way. places. In .a little manufacturing village In Massechu- tts is one of the best memorials to hose who gave their lives in the Civil War, and without doubt one of the finest memorials vet erccted in this country to’ the heroic men who participated in the Great War has lately been erected in Laramie, Wyo. In neither instance is the memorial very costly, and both were the col- laborative works of architects and sculptors. The memorial at Whitinsville, Mass- achusetts was designed by A. D. F. Hamlin, professor of architecture at Columbla University, in collaboration with Hermon A. MacNell, sculptor, whose “Sun Vow” in the Corcoran Gallery of Art is well known to Washingtonians, It stands In the cen- ter of the little village on a small plot of ground and is in perfect ac- cord and scale. with its surroundings. It consists of three lonic columns, up- holding & _triangular-shaped entabla- ture on which is a ball surmounted by an eagle with wings upspread. The | base Is triangular and at_the inter- section of each plane is built sut a division which In turn forms a Wing for & low semi-circular seat. The im- pressive beauty of the work is its ex- quisite proportioning, beautiful flow ot line, and the fitting application of ornamentation. Of course, it {8 ap- propriately inscribed. The memorfal at Laramie is ‘the work of Thomas, Martin & Kirk- patrick, architects of Philadelphia, who have assoclated with themselves Louis Milone, sculptor of that city, a pupil of Charles Grafly. It consists of a limestone feet high, ut the base of which are grouped four Agure bronze representing a soldier, a or, an aviator and St. Michael. These fAgures, contrary to custom, have not been added to, but are a part of the design, @s much a part as the soulp- cross surmounted on a shaft of | Q. When .was the Grant Memorial in the Botanic Gardens unvelled?— T. M. W, A. This memorial was dedicated April 27, 1922, Q. If & man owns his own home does the insurance have to pass on the proper installation of radio aerials?—C. D. F. A. The office of the fire under- writers of the District of Columbia says that it has no regulation in re- gard to the installation of aerials. The various fire insurance companies now have clauses in their policies which cover radio; however, this dif- fers with each company. The under- writers suggest that in your case the District of Columbfa Fire De- partment has regulations with which vou should comply. Q. Is the name of the body of water in front of the Lincoln Me- morial Mirror Lake?—B. W. A. The Pond In front of the Lin- coln Memorial is known as the Mirror Paol. Q. Do light, electricity and radio waves travel with exactly the same speed?—B. S. A. Light and radio waves travel with the same speed in a vacuum. Thé front of an electrical disturb- ance in a wire travels with this speed, but the actual current is usu- ally much slower. Q. How many Americans reside in Paris?—M. A. R. A. About 39,000 of the residents of Parls are Americans. Q. Who colned the phrase “A little learning is a dangerous thing?'— | Hre. A. Tt Criticism, is quoted from L by Alexander Pope. Q. In_speaking of one’s husband ta a soclal equal should one say “John sald,” “Mr. Jones said,” or “my hus- tured figures on the facade of a great Gothic cathedral. They are subsidtary and yet an essentlal part. They make the memorial specific and give the surmounting cross its correct signifi- cance. But who would expect to find such a work in far-off Laramie? * % % * When the Great War was scarcely ended there was much talk of war memorials, of what form they should and probably would take, and there was much conjecture as to what ef- fect the great happening which rent the order of life asupder for the peo- ple of the nations concerned, would have upon art. Some seemed to think that immedigtely great results might be expected, but they forgot that what distupts life disrupts art, and that in the face of such tragedies their real significance cannot be com- prehended—the horrors, the sacrifices, the herolsm of war times require per- spective to properly estimate, The time is now coming, however, when many memorials will be erected and the ‘gifts of our artists called into play. If they have great gifts and are given opportunity, we shall have great monuments. Much will depend upon whether those who are responsi- ble for the selection of design are wise enough to avail themselves of expert advice and place the work in the hands of those most richly en- dowed with talent, * *x ¥k % The vears following the Civil War brought forth a group of monumental horrors—lead soldiers, factory made, little better, perhaps not so good, as the ancient Indian cigar sign, or the famous Capt. Jinks, an effigy of whom, by the way, has lately been rescued from obscurity by the New- ark Museum, not, let us belleve, bo- cause of its merits as & work of art. A simllar group of imperishable horrors in the way of commercial bronze soldier statues now threatens our country. At least two, and pos- sibly more, firms are magufacturing these and advertising them extensive- ly for sale. They are of a price which almest any small town can afford. They are Iifellke and ex- tremely spirited; that they consent to remain on their pedestals at all is a matter of wonder. The purchaser of one of these statues is given a choice of headgear—helmet or hat, and the material from which the statue is cast is standard bronze. These statues are no more works of art than Capt. Jinks, the Indian cigar signs, the wax clothing store figures, and those who set them up by so doing expose their own ignorance. _ * %k X ¥ There seems to be a renaissance today of cathedral building. On Morningside Helghts, New York, and here on our own Mount St. Alban great Gothic cathedrals are at the| present time being reared. There are rumors of others to be bullt in other American citi and across the seas, in Liverpool, England, one of equally large proportions and great artistic beauty Is even now nearing com- pletion. In the old medieval times when the French ocathedrals were built the people, tradition has it, all went out and lent ald to the work, hauling the stones, carving the fig- ures, manual labor. In the bullding of our American cathedrals the masses are again taking part, con- tributing to an extent labor and the means of recompense. , _In speaking of the bullding of the New York cathedral recently Elthu Root referred to “the miracle of art” which made such building possible. He was right; through art alone can great cathedrals come into existence, and art, true art, 1s nothing less than a miracle, TR K k% So much g said derogator; e art of today that it is very ’l’l‘f:fi:‘:h ing to come across a little praise now and then, particularly when it comes from overseas and from our most critical English cousins, In a ‘magazine . entitled Architecturs, the journal of the London Society of Archi.. tects, there is being published at the resent time & series of articles entitled “Where Architecture Is Alive.” A familiar look to the illustrations caused examination of the text, and, behold, the place whers architecture is alive, according to the author, Ar- thur J. Penty, a British architect, is none other than the United States. Obviously the articles are written for the British architectural frater- nity, but to a great extent this makes them much more entertaining read- ing to us. The whole intent is to demonstrate the fact that we have been going along In this fleld while the British hgve been standing still, It is good reading for Americans and should open our eves to some of the artistic merit of the buildings which we have passed time and again with little appreciation. Mr. Penty ascribes our advance to the fact that the efforts of American arohiteots to revive architecture have been reciprocated by the American public in a way which has not been the ¢ase in England. In other words, he definitély states that our patron- age of architecture In the country has been: - discriminating and that our architeoturs today evidences the truth of Ruskin's dictum that “all architecture {s the expression of na- tional life and character.” {“The American publio meets the in novator half way, and any new idea that comes along in America Is sure, of hearing.” What must our grum- bling modernists think of this? “It is a pity,” Mr. Penty continues, that the recent Royal Institute of British Ar- chitects’ conference on art education was not held in New York, for If it had been they might have lent influ- ence.” And at the next meeting of our American Institute of Architects its much coveted gold m of honor. is to be -v:fl-d to & British archi- toet:: Here gTatitying exchangs “M esuvtasion, band said”?—P. Y. A. She should say “John said,” or “my husband said.” The latter ex- pression is used when one Is speak- ing to a person who is unfamiliar with the given name of the speaker's husband. Q Are there snakes in the ocean? —E. B. A. The Blological Survey says there are a number of species of aquatic enakes found In the ocean. Such snakes are numerous in the waters surrounding Southeastern Asfa. Q. When was the Steuben Society formed?—G. A. M. A. The Steuben Society was founded in New York in 1919. It is composed of -American cltizens wholly or in part of German origin, who oppose any league of foreign nations. The organization is purely political and without regard for religious profes- slon. Q. What kind of deer {s it that have such long ears?—F. L. B. A. Mule deer, often called Western mule deer, are noted for their re- markable ears. Their ears are § inches long and are covered with hair. Q. What can I do to prevent creo- sote from forming in a chimney? We burn wood in the grate—W. D. B. A. The creosote deposit in a chim- ney is a product of distillation from burning wood. Greater quantities’ of the deposit are produced when green wood is burned, so the best precau- tion is to be sure that you are using |dry wood. Chimneys that are sub- | Jected to cold winds are mora suscep- tible to creosote than others, as the In my last article, under the head- ing “In Today's Spotlight an out line was given of events and condi- tions leading up to the expulsion from ®onstantinople of the Greek patriarch of the Orthodox Church, by order of the Turkish government. The resentment of the Greeks and other adherents of the Orthodox Church (140,000,000) at what is claimed to be & violation of the pledges made in the Lausanne con- ference that Turkey would not inter- fere with the patrlarchate’s estab- lishment in Constantinople, appears to increase in Seriousness. An offi- clal of the Greek government says that while it is hoped the situation will not be permitted to go as far as war, it i3 a serfous crisis because it seems to indicate that this expulsion is but a first step of aggression, to be followed by a systematic effort to harrass the patriarchate out of Con- stantinople where it has been for seven centuries, and to violate other conditions of the Lausanne confer- ence. It Indicates, he claims, that Turkey {6 undertaking to profit by the disagreements of the western allles — Italy, France and Great Britain; otherwise the powers would not permit the aggression. for it was because of a similar disagreement between those great powers that Greece was defeated in the recent Greco-Turkish war, ip which France and Italy strongly supported Turkey with arms and officers, and Great Britatn haif-heartedly aided Greece. From that standpoint, argued the aiplomat, the frictlon between Tur- key and Creece today, as manifested by the Turkish attack upon the lib- erty of the patriarch, fa possible only because of greater influences under the surface. The trouble, therefor: may center not in Constantinopl but possibly in Rome, where Musso. lini seems to need a stimulus to arouse Italian -mationallsm. Or it may be in Parls where “prepared- noss” is an acute issue. Or it may be in London where they are ever dis- cussing the route to India across Asia Minor. * ¥ ¥ * The wording of the Lausanne treaty makes no specific reference to pro- teoting the patriarchate in its tradi- tional location in Constantinople, where 1t has been for seven cen- turies by direct sanction of the Turk- ish government, but, during the de- bate preceding the crystallization of the treaty, Kemal Pasha, represent- ing” Turkey, agreed that the patri- archate should not-be disturbed. The treaty speoifies that all Greeks who had resided in Constantinople prior to October 80, 1918, should be permit- ted to remain, The Greeks now point to the fact that all members of the synod, {ncluding the patriarch, have been regularly and officlally regis- tered since 1902 as officially living in Constantinople, and that it is bad faith to claim that in expelling Con- stantine VI they are expelling the in- dividual and not the official. Greece openly threatens armed defense of that position. * % & & The tragic interchange of popula- tions between Turkey and Greece, which has been going on for 18 months, is about completed. It was demanded by Turkey in its effort to clear its domain from Greeks, many of whom had been born in Turkey and had never lived in Greece. As orthpdox Christians they were alien in spirit to the government of Tur- key. for to the agreed interchange, tens of thousands of Grecks had fled from Turkey, following the armie but no young Greek men were per- mitted to cross the Turkish boun- dary; all men between the ages of d 50 were turned back Into' the interior—the deserts and mountains —and of these not 10 per cent have over escaped or been heard of. Tur- ko hopsted that she weuld wive out ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN walls seldom become hot enough to Carry off the ga o= Q. What is the name fo; hawk?—T. O. D. it A A. Ornithologists usually these birds as “young haw k. ever, the young of any spact birds are spoken of as juveniles, ex cept in the case of ducks and swans when the young are known as gose 1ings, ducklings and cygnets. Q. Was the Tower of Pisa buflt that way or did an earthquakse change it from the perpendicular?— W. G. F. A. It has never whether the slant in the Leaning Tower of Pisa was Intentlonal or merely the result of sinking. been decided Q. Where is the longest stone arch bridge in the United States?—F. R. A. The Rockville Bridgs on the | Pennsylvania Rafiroad that crosses | the Susquehanna River above Harris- | burg, Pa., is the longest stone arch { bridge in the,world. It is four-fifths {of a mile long, 52 feet wide, carrying i{our tracks; it - h: 48 symmetrical {arches each with a rise of 20 feet and a -foot =pan; 440.000,000 pounds of tested cut stone were used. Q. What is the derivation of stare | boara?—c. N, | A It i= probably derived from | steer board, and became identified with the side of the ship to the right of a person at the steer board and facing the bow. The word larboard | was used to designate the side to the {left. This term has been superseded { by the word port, in order to avold | the confusion caused by the similar- k n he Old | @ Who was 27— W, Eloquent” the 1 C. | A. Toward the end of his notable career of 37 vears in the Senate late George Frisbie Hoar of Ma: chusetts was frequently called by that title, Q. When were juntor high schoots started?—A. G. A. A. The Bureau of Education says | according to their best information a report of the committes of ten on secondary education in 1893 made recommendations foreshadowing to a | certain extent the present-day reor- | ganization of the American high }school s, em and the organization of what they chose to call the jun | high school, The st junfor h | school seems to have been started | Berkeley, Calif., in 1909, Q. Where was the first Englis toll road?—B. H. F. A. It left fro t Fields to the villa of Charing, now central London. It continued from { Charing to Temple Bar and, turning, went alone to Perpocle. Parllament authorized the levying of the first toll on this road in 134v. Giles-In-the (It is certain that you puszle daiig over questions that we can answer for vou. You are confronted by problems, grave to you, which con be answered easily by us. Our attention is directed chiefly to matters of fact. In mat- ters legal, medical and fnancial we do not g strictly professional ad- vice, but even in these e can often smooth your way and provide the com- tact w need with technicians. Make | @ practice of asking us what you do not { know. Address The Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, | Twenty-first and C atreets northwest. Inclose 2 cents in stamps for a direct | reply.) BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. the Greeks who might Il the ranks of a Grecian army. Nevertheles, in the gre inter- | change of populations, Greece has ro- | ceived 1,600,000 of her nationals from | Turkey in exchange of 300,000 Turks. |Of this n of Greek popula- tion, amounting to 1,200,000, 80 per cént were women and chiidren or { men beyvond the age of activity. This bas put a great burden upon Greece, to locate her immigrants where they | could be self-sustaining. Today she | has a burden of 500,000 unlocated and dependent immigrants. When a Turk living in Greece was sent back to Turkey, the plan was that his real property which he had |to leave in Grecce should be ap- | praised by the mixed commission ax}d certificates of its value be given | him, which certificates would be ac- cepted in Turkey by the commis- slon in exchange for property aban- doned similarly by a Greek expelled from Turkey. Theoretically, that | solved the problem of property, but, practically, squatter rights prevalled in both countries, and graft and fraud persisted everywhere, followed by destitution. * ok ok Summing up the flow of popula- tions, it is reported that, while befors the World War Turkey had a popula- tion of 14,000,000 and now, partly by realignment of boundaries and partly by emigration and deaths exceeding births, she has a population of only 8,000,000, Through race sulclde and insanitation her population is rapidly decreasing, and within five year mated, she will e is " sstim not exceed In the meanwhile Greece has re- ceived an increase, though largely of women and children. Her death losses among the refugees exceed those in Turkey, because of the ETeater influx of refugees, and particularly because so many were old or feebls through suffering; but Greece has a net increase since the war of at least a million, and when Turkey stands with 7,000,000 population Greece will have 6,500,000, Of still greater significance is the character of the peoples exchanged Turkey has lost, according to Greek authority, nearly all skilled rug- makers, So that the rug Industry is transferred to Greece, The official publication of the Unit< ed States Department of Commerce, entitled Commerce Reports, dated October 27, 1924, states that “the nors mal pre-war *tobacco crop Im the Turkish districts, which was more | than 40,000 short tons, has been tem- porarily reduced as a result of the exodus of the Greeks and Armenians. | * * Smyrna industries are feeling | the lack of experts, The fig and | raisin industries have suffered to a | considerable extent, owing to the | fact that the former Greeks and Ar- | menians were employed both in gath- ering the fruit and preparing it for export. * * * Turkish trade during the last two years has shown a seri= ous decline. * * * The general of- fect of the departure of the Greeks and Armenians from Turkey hus been a serlous blow, lessening the money in circulation and depriving the country of two much needed ele- ments, namely, efficlent labor and in~ dustrial managers. The immediate effect upon Greece has been to ine crease its already seri financial difficulties, but this shou'i be offset in the future by the d« pment of various industries. In the issue of Commerce Reports, October 26, is a report from the Unit- ed States acting attache at Athens: , “General business in Greece has goney ' on as usual, practically undisturbed, by the political situation. * * & The" ’ cost of living has somewhat dew I creased.” g, 1975, by PNy O