Evening Star Newspaper, March 4, 1924, Page 6

phone Main Ters at the prospects of several " bave appeared THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY........March 4, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES. Fhe Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Oifice: 110 East 42nd st. ‘hicaxo Tower Bulldii European Office: 16 Re, London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning eflition, s dellvered by carriers within ‘the city af 60 cent : daily onl e ent by ma ‘ollection {s ma end of Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday.1l aily only. Sunday only $3.00; 1 mo,, 25c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitied to the use for republication of all news dis- iteh ‘rediged to it or not otherwise credited in_this paper and also the local news pub- lished ‘Berein. ~All rights of publication of wpecial dispatches henrn re also reserved, —_— s ' A Year Hence. One year from today & new Presi dent will be inaugurated. In the course of these next twelve months the great quadrenniel political battle ‘will have been fought and the results recorded, and the man chosen by the people to preside over their affairs for four years will have been sworn to ad- minister the laws faithfully. . At present there is much confusion, with the air tense with currents of high feeling. A scandal affecting the integrity of certain officials and peo- ple in private life, bearing upon the handling of one of. the natural re- sources of the country reserved for purposes of the national defense, has shocked the people. Its reactions have carried far and affected the political whose names in the preliminary reckoning. In June, following a series of state primaries, the two major parties will assemble in convention and name their respective candidates. The candidate of the republican party is already in- dicated with reasonable clearness, the incumbent of the office to which he succeeded by virtue of his vice presi- dential post when death removed the Chief Executive last summer. While there is opposition in one quarter, Mr. Coolidge’s nomination is expected as a matter of course. In the democratic party there is so wide a fleld of possibilities and actual candidates that the outcome Is a mat- ter of extreme doubt. The two-thirds rule will make the going hard for eny candidate for the nomination. Certain handicapping factors will operate upon almost all of these potentialities. The democracy will seek to present its strongest man, capable of appealing to the largest possible number of the people without challenging any preju- dices. By the time the conventions have done thelr work the repercussions of this present sensation regarding the oil scandal will have subsided to a large extent. The actual facts of the case will have become established, re- placing rumors and half-proved charges and unfounded accusations. It will doubtless be plainly evident to the people, at least to the great majority of them, that the government is sound, and that dereliction in office is not a matter of party, but of individual de- fault. Issues of moment will doubtless have been declared and framed by the two conventions in the platforms of the parties. A third party may have evolved, not seeking or hoping for di- rect success, but figuring upon hold- ing the balance of power, possibly the capture of enough electoral votes to throw the election in the House of Representatives, where, as the delega- tlons now stand, thure is no clear partisan majority in the vote by states. It has been urged during recent years that the presidential campaigns should be shortened, to lessen the in- terference of the canvass with the regular business of the country. But in the present conditions it is well to _have 5o long @& time as the nine months between now end election for the people to settle down from their somewhat excited state of mind to the point of deliberate choice. They are entitled to this opportunity to consider the real questions at issue, apart from the natural and wholesome revulsion ©of feeling caused by the painful dis- closures of malfeasance in office and of distressing moral failures on the part of individuals, . The people can be trusted, it has been said, to decide right. They have nine months to decide into whose hands they will & year from today place the great power that attaches to " the office of President of the United States. —_———— Feminism has been advancing in ‘Turkey. Nevertheless, when a caliph 4s compelled to flee the harem is great- ly alarmed because it may be left be- hind. The ladies desire to achieve in- - dependence, but do not wish to have * 4t forced upon them. —_——— The United States Senate evidently does not intend to preserve its cher- ished dignity by assuming an air of blissful ignorance. —————— A Campaign Contribution. A contribution of one nickel to the Coolidge campaign fund has been re- celved at the White House. With the present high cost of politics the con- tribution may not cut much of a fig- ure In the campaign, and perhaps not ~even the most sensitive patriot will look on it &s an effort to debauch the electorate and upset, our institutions. The contribution comes from a boys' Coolidge Club at Central Falls, R. I. It is refreshing to find boys who re- eard & nickel as a piece ‘of money. There Was a time when there were ‘boys who looked on a nickel with ad- miration, but if any of that variety of boy is left he must live at Central Falls. Those Rhode Island boys are ex- pressing themselves in & practical, * _perhape a conservative, way, but still they seem to think that a nickel car- ries some welght. They are probably republican boys, and at.any-rate Cool- idge boys, and thiey back their sent!- ments with real money. They seem not to be extravagant young fellows, and later on they may express them- selves in-gums that ars more showy. The letter from this boys’ club says: “As a beginning the club consists of Editor | ave membern. Later we expect to have eight members.” Here s more evi- dence of conservatism. Perhape it s New England conservatism. Most boys on, organtzing a club belleve that they will be able to enroll the gang for four blocks around, and that their club will become the biggest thing in town out- side of the chief of the fire depart- ment. Another interesting thing about this case is that of the five boys in the club only four are officers. The roster as given to President Coolldge reads: President-treasurer, Leonard Grove; vice president, David Chernack; secre- tary, Robert McElroy; assistant secre- tary, George Andrews; member, Leo Sonkin.” Leo is the only member without an office. This is & defect which should be rectified. ————et——— The Caliph Deposed. A Urief dispatch from Constantino- ple tells of the passage by the na- tional Turkish assembly at Angora of a bill calling for the deposition of the present caliph of the Moslem faith and the abolition of the caliph- ate. This action marks the final sep- aration of “church” and state in Tur- key, which for centuries has been the seat of church-state government over the Moslem world. Far-reaching results may come from this decision. It may make the present Turkish government stronger as a political power or, on the other hand, it may cause its disintegration. Mustapha Kemal Pasha, the real head of Turkey, has gained his point in this divorce of ,temporal and spiritual power. But can he and the political organization which he heads at An- gora control the deep-seated religious feelings of the Turkish people? That question must wait upon events for its answer. More important, however, is the re- sult of this separation of the tempo- ral and spiritual authority upon the other Moslem nations, upon Egypt, Arabia, Afghanistan and so far as Mohammedanism is there established upon India. Already speculation is rife on.the subject. There is a possi- bility of the establishment of the caliphate in Egypt as the seat of the state. The King of the Hedjas, long ambitious for the role of chief of the faith, will, it is expected, set up & clalm as the representative of the prophet on earth. The. Ameer of Afghanistan has likewise filed claim. In India there is no outstanding as- pirant, but with the vast number of Moslems in that country it is believed to be likely that an effort will be made to set up a caliphate in that country. The Christian world will perhaps breathe more easily as a result of this action at Angora, In view of the pos- sibility of a dispersal of the caliphate, authority, with several rival caliphs claiming supremacy. So long as the Moslems were united in allegiance to one spiritual head they were a formi- dable potential power, to be reckoned with in all oriental matters. With a division of authority, however, this power is likely to be weakened. Quar- rels between rival caliphs or between their factions may precipitate conflict, which will lessen the political poten- tialities of these great masses of east- ern people. As a.matter of fact, however, the real power in the Moslem church has been vested for a long time not di- rectly in the caliph himself but in certain secret organizations -within the Moslem faith which governed him. These socleties or groups were the mainsprings of action. Deep in the recesses of the untraveled areas of northern Africa and southwestern Asia these centers of Moslem force have woven their web of intrigue. Will they now unite? Will they seek the destruction of the Angora govern- ment and the restoration of the caliph at Constantinople, or will they pro- mote the e!tflbflshn-\enl of contending caliphates within their own respective spheres. The answer to these ques- tions may affect the peace of the world. —_—— In early life Sinclair, the ofl mag- nate, was a clerk in a drug store. As a business, the mere retailing of oils and ointments did not appeal to him as sufficiently profitable. ————— ‘When he charges that facts are not being published Mr. Vanderlip makes no allowance for his own assumption that a little gossip is now and then permiseible. . ——————— Naturally the Department of Justice suspects that certain annoyances are due to the widespread amateur detec- tive mania. ———e——— Thoughts by Radio. ‘When Marconi first developed the “wireless” by utilizing the Hertzian waves for the trgnsmission of code signals some psychologists and physi- cal scientists averred that not only could human speech be thus transmit- ted, but that eventually . unspoken thoughts would be spread by etheric means. This was received with uni- vereal skepticism. In the first place, it was scouted by those who do mot credit the possibility of thought trans- ference at all, and, secondly, it was doubted whether communication could be had outside of the bare mechanism of dots and dashes. But speech and song have come through the air by means of what is now known as “radio.”” A great industry has de- veloped in the broadcasting of pro- grams of entertainment, of speeches by public men, of courses of lessons by instructors in various lines, of stock and weather reports, of news bulletins. The spoken word is pulsing through the air continually, end is being heard by millions of people “listening in.” Now for the unspoken thought. The test has been had. Three eminent peychologists at a broadcasting sta- tion near Chicago have made ean ex- periment in the transmission of thought by radio. Gaining the atten- tion of the listeners, one of them an- nounced that he would first think of something ‘and then would. ask for silence and mental concentration. He thought in succession of e certain number, & wild animal, & color, & food, a word, a drawing and other items. The listeners were requested to record thelr impressions, and -to transmit them by mall, to be later recorded and tabulated. It will be interesting to know the results of this experiment. Not that they will have any particular assured practical value in the development of radio use, but as & test rather of the peychic powers of the listening public, It is well known to psychologists that only a small percentage of- people ate responsive to unuttered thoughts. There must be & certain coincidence of mental reactions to establish the currehts necessary for what is gen- erally styled telepathy. Obviously in a great number of people, Buch as the listeners-in of the radio public, there will be only the usual average of “‘sensitives.’ But it 18 unsafe to discount on a generality the possibllities of radio. Its marvelous development of the last five years has thrown: into the ,discard much skepticlsm on the subjget. No one can safely predict faflure as a practical contribution to the spread of intelligence and the development of communication of any experiments, however fantastic they may appear. Timely Warning. . In the Senate yesterday Senator ‘Warren of Wyoming, chairman of the committee on appropriations, called attention to the delay in the considera- tion of and action upon the annual supply bills, which, he declared, threat- ens delayed edjournment of the ses- sion. He did not do this in a fault- finding spirit, he sald, but as a warn- ing of what is likely to happen unless the Senate “'speeds up.” The point was well taken. As Sen: tor Warren said, this time last vear, indeed, ten or twelve days earlier than thig, the Senate had passed all the ap- propriation bills, whereas now it hus passed none. To be sure, that was the short session, terminating March 4, and it was “a case of must” with the Congress. But that showed what the Senate can do when it makes up its mind to act. It will be unfortunate it the Con; ggess cannot make its getaway before the summer s well along in season, and more to be deplored if it continues in session into the fall. Consideration of important legislation through the dog days is not conducive to good work. If the session s on whén fall approaches, and the presidential cam- paign in full swing, the perplexities of the voters will be increased and issues confounded. Senator Warren's words were words of wisdom, and his advice should be heeded. \ P ——— Affairs will be stralghtened out with Maryland, but it does not look as if there were a chance of any reciprocity involving the application of oil prod- ucts between Washington, D. C., and Teapot Dome. —_————————— Letters of Ramsay Macdonaid to Poincare are referred to as distin- guished by extraordinary frankness. The rules of the diplomatic game are rapidly being simplified. & ————————— 1In order to provide a special induce- ment for distinguished Washington guests, some Florida hotél might pos: a notice to the effect that no lobbyists will be admitted. ‘ —— ¥ew Investigations can be so free from politics as to prevent any states- man from locating most of the really wicked responsibility in the opposition party. 3 . s An acceptance of a resignation often makes & beautiful literary composi- tion, but Attorney General Daugherty evidently does not care for poetry. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Plain People. “Give me the man who ain't too smart,” Sald Hezekiah Bings; tent to play a useful pari In life's important things. ‘While I admire great intellect, And am impressed by wealth, Each may be used, I now suspect, In ways not good for health. “We need the man of mental ralght, ‘We need financial thrift, To keep this old werld going right And give mankind a lift. ‘We also need the honest heart That to plain duty clings. . Glve me the man who ain’t too smart,” Sald Hezekiah Bings. Confusion. “What do you make of thouse tele- grams referring to apricots, peaches and other kinds of fruits? “They have me puzzled,” answered Senator Sorghum. “They have spotled my evenings at home. When my daughter turns the phonograph loose on ‘There Are No Bdnanas' I don't feel sure whether.it's & song, or & code message.” srestersaan Jud Tunkins says you can't hide the light of an ofl lamp under & bushel of money. Not Everybody’s Privilege. Clda P. T. Barnum olice declared, “The public likes humbugs, you see.” But when to frame ong you prepare, Be sure you sre a P. T. B. In Keeping. “Do you approve of modern danc- enswered Miss Cayenne. “Dancing is the poetry of motion, and the modern kind is quite as good as ‘free verse.'” ‘Meeting All Comers: ‘Bootleg liquor is ruinous to the constitution.” 2 “That's right,” agreed Uncle Bill Bottletop. “It's even tryin’ to put & dent in the Constitution of the United States.” 3 “ “One reason foh keepin’ out o’ bad company,” sald Uncle Eben, “is dat bad company is allus lookin’ foh some way to make de ‘gentie stranger pay fio pills,” CAN YOUR TAXES BE CUT? ||| A Series of Articles on the C;)n! of Government; ‘Where the Money Goes, and Why. S e g BY JOHN F. SINCLAIR, Author of “Can Europe Hold Together?” CHAPTER IX. The Department of Justice—65 Cents in $1,000. The Attorney General is the head of the Department of Justice. He is the chief law officer of the federal &overnment. His duty is to see that all federul laws are enforced. The office has, from its organization in 1789, been considered -of the very Ereatest tmportance. Edmund Ran. hold it Was 01 of the fiva meme ers in the first cabi; X Washington, T Su ”fi?f Tcourt 5% always been considered PATL of the *Gepart: ment—at least s e ] 0 far as expenses are The early record first Attorney neral received $3,600 & Year as salary, the Chief Justice of the United States recelved $4,000, while the a ‘sociate justices each re- ceived $3,500. - average vearly expense of this de; tment, including ull expenses and salaries of the Su: reme Court and other federal courts "n“}zehl':‘:tgn, C:;snlhe government & an ,000 & days of Randolph. e Now th_ business 15 tremendous in volume. New dutles have been added to it through the yeurs. The Depart- ment of Justice has jurisdiction vver all federal judges, all United States attorneys, all federal prisons, — Its bureau of investigution has become very large and very powerful. Th: unit to enforce the prohibition laws, the customs laws, the drug act «n many others is spending much time and money ferrcting down violations of federal statutes. What the Judges Cont. Let us o into this a little closer. The whole Integrity of the judiclal system of the United States {s bound up with the office of the Attorney General. No office Is morg important. No ‘man with ' breath of was plcion attached. to him should ever be appointed to this position. No pelitician should be appointed by the President. Tts work is too Impor- tant, too fundamental—I almost said red—to have it stained by so much as a suspicion. His veputation for integrity must be unquestioned. In the hands of the Attorngy Gen- eral very larsely rests the dection ot the officers of the whole federal system of justice. The United States 0 large, so vast, 8o bewildering in its very immensity, we little appre- clate the pow ed in the hands of such a.ma Today there are thirty-three fed- eral circuit judges, each pald a salary of $8,500. ‘They are appointed for life. "There are five judges on the federal Court of Claims, each of Whom recelves $7,600 a year for life. There ure 117 United States district court judges. They each recelve $7.500 a year und have life appoint- ments. Then there are eighty-eight Tnited States district attorneya and the same number of United States marshals. Over this permanent judicial or- ganization, the Attorney General hai great influence and power. In addi. tion to these important appointments, which are largely controlled by the Attorney General's office, he fregently appoints specfal counsel at great ex- pense. In various places, to represent his officc. In the annual report of the Attorney General of the United States for the fiscal year 1923 there is a list of 131 special assistants to the district attorneys, appointed dur- Ing the year 1923. Many are hired on an annual salary of from $3,000 to $6,000 o year and all expenses. These appointments are controlled by the Attorney General. 150,000 Cases on Dockets. To get an idea of this work, we find thuat at the close of the fiscal there were more than 180, s, both civil and criminal, awaiting trial or decision In the fed- eral courts of the land. These cases are among_the most important in the land. They Involve hundreds of millions of dollars. They involve the whole problem of defending democ- racy in the United States. And now for the expenses of this department. (1) For 1923 we find $660,000 wa spent for salaries in the Department Justice ulone. This, of course, does not include any expenses or salaries of judges. We find that $734,000 was spent “for lucrease of compensation.” This seems like a large item, but I show that the find no explanation of the increase in any of the 436 pages of the last report of the Attorney General. Again, there was spent for the flscal year 1923 a total of $460,000 for “investigation and prosecution of war frauds.” The Attorney General in the 1923 report says that is in direct charge of this war frauds work and expects to get results. Little so far has He v . coedings of a civil and crimin act y to be instituted, are not eferred to in this report.’ ‘Another item is $42,000 for print- ing and binding, and $360,000 for “miscellaneous items. n item of the Depart- ment of Justic Liste: F & total of $2,087,000 was spent for “detection and prosecution of crimes.” ‘This item is Increa: approximately $150,000. huge sum. In the present order of things It {s kept more or less secret. The Attorney General is given wide latitude in spending this money. It can be made a source of much evil. ‘There has been much criticism in the uses to which this fund in recent years has been directed. " Cost Cut by Fines. 8o much for the Department of Justice's current expenses. They to- taled $4,335,000 in 1923, and will be incransed by approximitely $400,000 n 1924. (2) Taking up the salaries of all federal Judges, including those of the United States Supreme Court, & total of $1,687,000 was spent in 19%3. This is expecied to be increased approxi- mately $300,000 in 1924. Chief Justice Taft now receives $15,000 a year sa ary, whereas President _of the United States he received $75,000 a year. Expenses of all the federal courts in the United States, including Judges' salaries, fees of jurors, wit- nesses, balliffs, salarles of attorneys and marshals, came fairly high. The total was approximately $13,000,000. For the care of all federal prisoners 2nd the operation of and maintenance of federal penitentiaries, approxi- mately $3.100,000 must be added. In the new plan of government reorgani- zation the supervision of the federal prisons s taken from this department. The balance of the expenses can be covered under that mysterious term at times & very useful one—of “m cellancous items.’ Altogether, then, the Department of Justice, for the ‘flscal year which closed June 30, 1923, had 663 persons employed In Washington and 2,700 outside Washington, a total of 3 This is an increase of 743 pe over the number employed in work fn_1916. The Department of Justice spent approximately 7,000 for the ear. But this department also col- ccted some . revenue, mostly federal fines, penalties and forfeis ures. The total was $6,925,000. the net expenditures for 1923 approximately $14,600,000. Equals Eighteen’ Days of Navy. Here is a systemi which covers like a tine-tooth comb the whole United States. It operates extensively In every state in the Union and in the foreign possessions of the United States.” In’ these expenses are in- cluded the salarles of every federal udge from the nine men on the Tnited States Supreme Court down; all attorneys, balliffs, witnesses— everybody connected w clal part of the government. hundreds of plain c rywhere, under the eagle eve of Willium J. Burns, who receives $7,500 a year salary from the department. These men are among the best pald in any department of the government. Yet out of every $1,000 the people of the United States pald into the United States Treasury in taxes in 1938 the Department of Justice re- celved only nts. It js less than is glven Gen. Hines every twelve days 1o _carry on the Veterans' Bury It is less than the American people gave to Mr. Denby every eighteen days to spend on his Navy. Some reduction in expenditures can be made in thls department—probably. a considerable amount out of that $2,000,000 secret fund—but the great expenditures of this government of the United States are not in_the Department of Justice. We must look elsewhere for our big cuts. Copyright, 1624, in Upited ol by North America All rights reserved.) 0! the were ates and Great wspaper Alll- an (Tomorrow—The Post Ofiice: Greatest Public Utllity.) WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE Joint making of history and hys- teria proceeds in Washington, world without end, The Capital's capacity for sensation seems inexhaustible. The ofl scandal has now seeped into its third calendar month. The De- partment of Justice investigation each far into the spring. Vet- s' Bureau mud will be siung f & hundred directions before Forbes is brought to trial and convicted or acquitted. Senator Norris' inquiry into the law practice of former cabi. net officers and United States sena: tors before government departments of revelatians. vestigated. The bureau of engraving mystery remalns to be probed and Senator Moses' inqulsi- epidemic will end—when the passion for incrimination will subside—no one cares or dares to predict. * %k k % Central High School, Washington, is the reciplent of a unique benefac- tion from Chinese sources. Dr. Alfred Sze, the cultured young Chinese min- ister to the United States, was a pupil at “Central” In the early nineties, having been one of the first Chinese boys sent to this country to be edu- cated. His teacher in English was Miss Ella Morgan. Ten or fifteen years later two nephews of Dr. Sze tame to “Central” and, like- their uncle, were in Miss Morgan's classes. In addition, with her. ' After their graduation, Miss Morgan visited the Sze family in ‘Ching. Last summer she passed away, having only little while be- fore retired from a long career of teaching activity. _Dr. Sze has just informed Central High School that, in token of the Szes' grateful regard for Miss Morgan, they would like to donate $5,000 for & memorial in her honor, leaving its character to the 1t is proposed to convert her classroom into an auditorium for the production_of classic English dra- matics, with a minlature stage an theater seating arrangement. - * k *k % Hopes and prayers of all his col- leagues in Congress,accompany Rep- entative Julius Kahn on his health- ecking mission in southern Califor- nia. The “member from the Golden Gate” vacates his seat in the House reluctantly at so critical an hour, but biican lead that he republican ers insisted discard all considerations but that of bis own welfare. An exceptionally effective representative, who invari- ably places public interest above party politics, is the picturesque old yman from San Francisco, His serv- ices in the passage of the draft law in 1917 assure him honored fame. Waghington he i{s as beloved as in his home community, which for years has elected him to Congress without opposition as a matter of habit. Kahn calls hi 1f a republican, but demo- crats have forgotten his politics. For the first time he is going home via the Panama cani Once, when a|back to sl ©child, his mother brought him east Senste. e .Papams -railrosdy sad the pew they made their home [p thirty vears later he duplicated that journey. - With ‘the exception of the Fifty-elghth Congress, Kahn has served twelve successive terms in the House. He was sixty-three years old last week. * ok ¥ % Prince Gelasio Caetani, Mussolini's ambassador at Washington, made some striking statements on the oc- casion of a recent visit to Bryn Mawr College. A Philadelphia paper quotes him as saying that “some of the big- gest men In the United Stat. told me-that they see fnclum:!'::-;al;: ing here.” 'The prince has evidently learned to talk the American lan- guage. He told his interviewers that fascismo, in common, every-day terms, means “anti-pork-barrelism, The Mussolini movement, the Italian en- voy sald, “Is getting back to sound principles in busin in_morals and in government.” It {s that kind of “a spiritual revolt.” Prince Caetanf is reported to have said, that he under- stands {8 brewing in the United States, * k% %k William Allen White, the man made Kansas famous, is writi book about Woodrow Wilson— though I'm a republican,” he ex- plains. The admission was extorted by an inquirer who wanted to know if White is a candidate for President on the republican ticket. “I would make the world's worst President,” the Emporia editor ejaculated in a burst- of self-effacement. “I hope I L be the world’s worst biogra- White attended the Paris peace cdnference as a =scribe. Wilson ap- pointed him an American commis. sioner on an interallled expedition that was shipwrecked by the big four before it could get under way. * ok ok % Representative A. Piatt Andrew of Massachisetts thinks the wooden crosses now marking the graves of American_soldiers, sailors and ma- rines on European battleflelds ought to be supplanted by less fragile sym. bols. hi 3 the same general effect as the woode; crossés.” Representative Andu: served” In France continuously for four and 2 half years, first with the French and later with the United States Army. He quit the service a lieutenant colonel, the Croix de Guerre and Legion of Honor of France, in addition -to the Dis- unflltld Service Medal of the U. s : * ok ok ok Filg Capitol Hill fs frankly perturbed over the Chicago grand jury alle; tion that “members of Congress” implicated in Veterans’ ruption. Each house felony, if any, must n th Which gives timeliness to & Wash. ington yarn of the mofhent. The wife of a representative woke up_at dead of night and assured her husband there was a burglar in the house. “Can’t be,” he grunted, as he rolled lesp. “Must be im the and wears 45 (Coprrignt, 1926 1923, {41 from j The NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM AGES, /A Gentlemax With & Duster, G. P. Putnam's Sons. He beckoned me to go on a jour- ney with him, Or. =0 I construed the gesture—a shade too impetuously, maybe, for the fine restraints of a quite finished deportment. But had I hesitated I might have been lost to the chance. And, having already gone | aventuring with this man, I knew well the promise that lay in even his most casual bid to “come along ious gentle- of seemly and decorous be- havior. Yet my first outfarings_in his company had been undertaken from a plain curiosity over the gro- teaque character of traveling gear with which he was about to set out. The usual clutter of bag, box, bun- ‘was wholly missing, co! nstead, over the shoulder of ‘nothing clse o’ m; bobbing balloons with which the toy- man enlivens drab thorougfares. The other equally remindful of the little vanity contraptions that the women, folk nowaMays carry in order that, ts, enterpril effcct than to purposeful design. false appearance, event proved this to be. For {t came out along the way that certain of the deepest concerns of life are hopelessly be- clouded with the dust and cobwebs of tradition, misconception, prejudice, hypocrisy, cowardice, unintelligence, indifference, and that many of the vital facts of existence are reflected from distorting surfaces, the glass flawed in 4tself, defective in its back- ing as well. These simple objects, therefore, stand for the quest of truth and acquire the dignity of ac- tive agents in this pursuit—the dust- er a clearing besom, the mirror & corrective view. A long journey is laid out here—its medium, in effect, still the combina- tion of duster and mirror, A pilgrim- age, this, along the far back reaches of the mind. Its purpose is to gather up such resources of inspiration, such lines of thought, such points of con- clusion, such currents of influence, as have clearly affected the ideals and the character of the English- speaking world. * ko ¥ At the farther end of this pilgrim- age—twenty-three hundred years away—stands Socrates. At the nearer end—only & century and a half dis- tant—is John Wesley. Between the two are Aristotle, Jesus, Ausustine, |Erasmus, Cromwell. A distinct move- iment toward emancipation - runs through the period. Each man by the qualities of his mind and heart, by the force and persuasivness of his person- {ality, embodies one or another stage iof this liberating movement, endow- ilng it as well with perennial renew- uls of power and appeal. Within this reach of time paganism gives way to Christianity. Within it, too, self-gov- ernment s about to take the place of one-man autocratic power. Upon these men, more than upon any oth- lers, may the English and thelr ractal iderfvatives look us the true ances- Ilor- of their mental and spiritual progress. Upon them, too, according {to this pilgrim, as the sole warrant of & high and worthy future. * % % % When one makes a real pilgrimuge he 'goes, naturally, from the near point to those of increasing distance. When, however, he reports the ad- venture he follows the opposite course, beginning with the most remote point. He has a good scholastic reason for this, or so he Y rebel now and then breaks away from this order of logical sequence to follow the steps of experience rather than those of |chronicle. In that case he takes up the matter backward, so to speak. Let's do that way here. John Wesley is a lot nearer than Socrates. One {sees him more clearly, understands {what he was trying to do with the English people of the eighteenth cen- tur, are rather famillar. horseback, John Wesley, who for forty years traveled England from end to end, preaching God to the com- mon_people in mine and field, is a nearby and vivid figure whose re- liglous mission was of tremendous importance, finally, in a political sense quite apart from its spiritual intent. ‘Wesley created a community of feel- ing among the oppressed common people, a unity of interest, a combina- tion of effort against religious perse- cution. Wholly spiritual in purpose, Wesley _contributed powerfully to ideas of__political self-government, such as English-speaking people all over the world today claim as an in- alienable right. A great democratiz- ing power was John Wesley, com- moner and preacher. £k k% Only one step back to Cromwell, who in & sense prepared the way for Wesley. Fanatical, cruel, flerce, his work was to rid England forever of autocratic power. To be sure, a king jdid come back—shorn of any “divine right."” Granted, instead, legally constituted powers beyond which he might not go. This limitation of the king was met by a corresponding lib- eration of the people from the high- est to the lowest. Even the most un- fortunate had reached the place where they dared to listen to the message of Wesley, to feel the stir of bis deeply plous assurance. In the century before Cromwell the work of Erasmus shone over the world. " To catch the apt phrase of James Harvey Robinson, the great work of Erasmus was that of “humanizing the knowl- edge” of his time. He contributed to the doctrine of freedom of thought. He promoted spirituality of' outlook. Assisting Dean Colet with the St. Paul's school, he meanwhile preached peace in words that are as current as those of yesterday or today. In the day of Augustine Jesus had come and gone. A new light had shone out of the darkness. The love of man for man projected a new vision, & new ideal to be realized. Augustine, as strongly as he was able to do in the confusion between the old and the new, upheld this gospel, of love and peace and spiritual liberation, pass- ing it on a shining light to the hand of Erasmus. - * % ¥ %k Before the time of Jesus two men stand out here as clearly potential in the chain of influences that came, finally, to bear upon the quality of the English mind and character. These men are Aristotle and Socrates. The one originating what is known as the scientific method of research. The other the accepted inventor of com- mon sense brought to bear upon the deep realties of life. It was for Aris- totle to bring the philosophic think- ing of his day down from the clouds and to apply It, instead, to the facts of man's hly existence. He stud- fed thé 'facts of natupé, dissected them, brought them into an intel- lectual order. He created the new sclence of natural history and- laid the foundations of all the positive sciences, Socrates made men ac- Qquainted with their own gouls, taught them the duty of looking within for the cure lo:] ot:glr urli.d indicated the ity of sacrifice as & means e aeation that could be achl th self-effort alons. A lovable man for all his wisdom. Bax ity’” this gentleman avers of him, citing his sense, in proot, bis modesty, his unfanatical Bpirit, his tolerance and gentleness The man on layfulness and serenity. These e | and playful 2 are ‘our forel the that haye shaped the English spirit, that have imposed special obligations upon all belonging to the race. This 1is the pllgrimage—one that every. body should take for himself, sinc it is a journey that combines in a natur: en, maoner keen pleasure with. maay new of opinion and theory, L . Deople with whose condition we i ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. When children are measured on a measuring board, why is the length or height given in centimeters?—G. A. T. A. The children's bureau says that the centimeter scale is used In sclentific re- ports, but the inch scale is used in pop- ular demonstrations. Q. Are T8 made from n ro capers green elder- A. Capers are made from the flower buds of a shrub called capparis spinosa. ‘The rtment _ of culture says that it knows of no method whereby elderberries may be substituted for this purpose. Q. When will Venus be est?—R. C. D. S A. Venus is now the eveni: " ;l;he “’I:l Dg:c“lon. of mnxlm:r‘n :l:;: lancy le present year will May 25 and August 7. v heden . Do many Canadians beco - zens of the United States?—H., ;'nLOE‘.“u A. During the flscal year endin; Ix.oe,d 1923, 6,646 Canadlan were n:zd;l:l? Q. Do men in subordinate positions in the post office ever bec - ters?—F. T. B. Tnerpreine A. The present postmasters of Washington, D. C. gaw York_clity, Brooklyn, Philadeiphia and Pltts- burgh, Pa.; Me hi; nd Knox- ville, Tenn. : Seattle, Wash.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Madison, Wi and many other important cities are men who came up from the ranks of the classified service, How many linotype, Intertype and monotype machines afe there in the government printing office and how many employes?—P. A. M. A. The vernment printing office is equipped with 1 intertype and 98 linotype machines, 100 monotype key- board and 126 monotype casting m: chines., The average number of em- ployes is 4,000. Q. How are willow twigs prepared for basket making?—L. R L. A. There are three types'of wil- low twigs used. Brown twigs are the natural twigs dried. White twigs are produced by soaking the willow in water and peeling off the bark. Buff twigs are produced by bolling and peeling the twigs. Q. How can silk be made opaque for lamp shades?—M. F. McC. A. In order to make silk opaque, two or three thin successive coats of any boiled ofl may be applied, stoved ata temperature of 40 to 100 degrees centigrade, the silk being stretched on a light frame. S Q. Where is the place in New York culled “Tin Pan Alley”? A. “Tin Pan Alley,” housing many musical composers and those inter- ested in bringing out popular songs, is a nickname applied to West 46th street, between Broadway and Sth avenue. Q. Do assistant secretaries in the various government departments re- ceive the same salaries?—G. 1. Y. A. The salaries of the assistant secretaries range from $4,000 to $10,000, most of them, however, re- ceiving $5,000. How much. has the Shipping |fe Q. Board cost the country?—G. A, L A. The total appropriations and allotments for the Shipping Board and Emergency Fleet Corporation up to the end of the fiscal year June 30, 1924, have been $3,782,829 for the salarfes and expenses of the Shipping Board and $3,638,541,319 for the Emer. gency Fleet Corporation. Q. Why is Pennsylvania called the Keystone state?—F. W. A. When the representatives of the colontes were voting on the ‘subject of the acceptance or rejection of the Declaration of Independence, six col- onies recorded their votes in the affi mative and six in the negative. At this point John Morgan, representing Pennsylvania, cast his vote in favor of the measure, thereby securing the majority of the colonies and conse quent adoption of the Declaration of Independence, Thus the vote of Pennsylvania become the keystone of the Arch of Liberty. Q. What salary dld Gen. Goethals have while he was working on the Panama canal?—F. J. G. A. The Panamsa canal office says that at that time Gen. Goethals was colonel, and served as chairman and chiet englneer of the engineer com- mission, at a salary of $15,000 per an- num. At the completion of the canal he was appointed governor of the Canal Zone at a salary of $10,000 per annum, Q. Who sald, “No man e'er felt the halter draw. with good opinion-of the law?"—M. E. A, The quotation is from “McFin- gal” a burlesque epic, written by John Trumbull, American jurist and poet, in 1782, ’ Is it true that a. horse closes / his .ey;s entirely when running away? A. A horse does not close his eyes entirely when running away, but nar- rows them down until they appear to be closed. Q. What 1s the largest comet known? —C. B. A. The comet on record un 1,250,000 miles i. Q. Is La Paz, Boiivia, high enough for people o sufter from the altitude’— ** 1511 is the greatest timated to be eter. A. La Paz, the highest capital in the world, I8 12,700 feet above sea level Strangers are advised to stop over at Arequips or other halfway points be- fore entering the altitude of the Boliv- fan highlands. Even so, it is a matter of weeks or months before much physi- cal exertion should be made. Q. Were there instances during our civil war when troops were affected by scurvy?—3ML 8. F. A. It 18 estimated that at least 15 per cent of the deaths in the civil war were caused by scurvy. Q. When Jerusalem was burned Titus, how many people were Killet E. H B. A. Jerusalem was destroyed in 10 . A.D., 1,100,000 inhabitants losing their , lives. Q. Kindly Inform me how I can put celluloid in’liquid form?—J. C. A. Celluloid can be dissolved in de- natured alcohol. (Have you a question you want cn- swered? Ask Haskin. He does not know all the things that people ask him, but knows people who do know. Try him. State your question plainly and briefly, and énclose 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Address Frederic J. Haakin, Director, The Star Information Bureaw, 1220 North Capitol strect.) Immigration Second Only to Tax Reduction as Issue Organized opposition to the John- son restrictive fmmigration bill de- veloped when twenty out of New York’s twenty-two democratic con- gressmen indorsed a declaration that the bill was delfberately framed to favor the Nordic races and diserim- inate against races from southern and eastern Europe. Secretary Hughes objection to it on the ground that it imperils foreign relations, par- ticularly with Japan, and that it will not accomplish its avowed purpose of selecting immigrants abroad is ap- proved by the majority of editors. With few exceptions editors agree that the bill should not pass without important amendments. The Brooklyn Eagle is convinced “we need a change in our immigra- tion laws, but not,a change of quota or basis. It is & change which will Dbring an intelligent selection of such immigrants as are now admissible from the total number desiring to come, this selection to be made in the country of origin by compe- tent American representatives!” The Grand Rapids Herald thinks “to risk an embarrassment of our friendly re- lations with Japan or any possible weakening of the accomplishments of the Washington arms conference over a mere matter of 250 Japanese immigrants a we have been receiving be utter foolls! 1f that government becomes indif- ferent or offended, the Newark News feels, “we are likely to get a whole lot more Japanese of just the kind we don't want than the 246 more or less selected entrants that could come here legally under the quota—the clauses are thus bad law, bad policy and bad judgment” In short, the Richmond News Leader is sure, “the United States can remove all cause for complaint of discrimination and can preserve good relations with Japan by the lawful admission of fewer immigrants than would be smuggled into this country if formal exclusion were attempted by statute.” Instead of increasing the .number of Japanese newcomers to America, the Detroit Free Press agrees, “the adop- tion of Mr. Hughes' sugestion ought to_materiaily decrease it.” ‘The York World upholds Mr. Hughes' quota proposal, arguing that “an addition of 246 Japanese yearly to & population of 100,000,000 is not a matter sufficlently serious to ex- cuse offending the national pride of the only first-rate Aslatic power. The New York Times pleads against giving “needless affront to the Jap- anese and to other groups of foreign- born in this country,” but “a fair basis for limitation can and must be found.,” While the Springfield Re- publican affirms “it is not wise to disturb the present arrangement with Japan/” * k% % Assuredly “nothing should be done, according to the St. Paul Ploneer-| Press, which “might strike a false note now or at any other time. the Portland Express secs it, Johnson law will naturally be subject to some changes, but in principle it is right. It should have a passag The Indianapolls News, however, maintains “to do other than meet Mr. Hughes' suggestions, Congress must g0 out of its way to give offense to a nation that does not merit it and, that has shown increasing friendli ‘ ness.” For Pacific coast intolerance and anti-Japanese fanaticism, the Duluth Herald insists, “should not be permitted such power in the national councils as to force the nation to in- sult a people with whom it wishes to remain on terms of friendship.” The Baltimore Sun heartily concurs in this} bellef, but admits the country as a! whole is strongly in sympathy with ‘h. H{o us restriction provisions of he bill, and “carried out for Japan on the same basis as for other coun- tries, no objection would arise, either n Washington or Tokyo.” The Little agrees ica is almost solidly behind those law- makers who would restrict {mmigra- tion, but there is no reason for un- necessarily irritating and insulting a great country.” * k¥ x Sentiment that would oppose Mr Hughes, the Pittsburgh Sun declares, “runs danger of being fegarded as extreme in a case where extremism is particularly dangerous.” “The me- cessity for sound immigration polic has been so clearly demonstrated to the American people and the public is so thoroughly in favor of an Ame! can policy,” the Fargo Forum hol “there should be a speedy handling of the matter in Congress.” The Lan- sing State Journal believes “the dip- lomatic compromise is to be preferred over the political high-handed action, which may create more trouble thau hicago Tribune, nevertheless, , must consider the growins n of Japanese population on the Pacific coast as well as the main- tenance of peace with a Pacific neigh- bor." The Tribune says: “California state.board of health reports show the birth rate of the Japanese is four times the birth rate of the whites, and the native-born can vote. The admission of even 230 more of th fecund people annually will Increass the proportion of Japanese in two ways. 1Is that advisable?” | * ¥ k¥ The Milwaukee Journal suggests, further, that “the Japanese do not assimilate with the people who are here, and if we are to continue to have one nation instead of forty- elkht Balkan states, we shall have to build carefully.. Soon or late, the question will have to be settled right, and we might as well settle it now. The Salt Lake City Deseret News, furthermore, insists “there is no room for argument about the right of a country to shape its own domestic policy and conditions, and whatever attitude the United States may as- sume in the immigration guestion should be accepted in g friendly man. ner by the Japanese government. The San Francisco Bulletin points out the real reason forelgn countries want their nationals to be free to come to this country “is because so many send large sums of money back home when they begin to do well in America. That is the real fly in the ointment; but it is our ointment, and we have a right to regulate the evil' The Cincinnti Times-Star hopes the present law “will be succeeded by one stronger and better fitted to provide a permanent solution of our immigra- tion problem.” Suggests 100 Per Cent Raise in Annuities To the Editor of The Star: As stated in your editorial of yes: terday, “annuities are not pensions.” Annuities are based upon contract and a consideration pald, and can be enforced by law, while a pension fis, according to a decision of the United States Supreme Court, & gratuity which Congress may grant, increase or withhold &t pleasure. Payment cannot be forced by the courts, and can only be obtained by an applica- tion to the commissioner of pen- sions, supported by ample testi- mony, in accordance with lhe~ rule. of practice established by the Secretary of the Interior. The distinction be- tween an annuity and a pension is clear and gllln and should not be con- fused, as has been, even by members of Congress, who are presumed to know the law. If, as reported in the news columns of The Star, President Coolidge is opposed to the increase of | pensions at the present time, his op- position can have no application to an increase of annuities under the act of May 22, 1920, and which, at that time, were ‘admitted by the committee on civil service Teform to be too low, but urged that the increase awall further action by Congress at the then next session in 1921. It is sin- cerely hoped that the present Con- gress may see the justice and wisdom of increasing present rate of annuly ties at least 100 per cent. R. F. HiLla / J ' o t