Evening Star Newspaper, January 13, 1924, Page 35

EXPECT DAWES TO END - REPARATIONS PROBLEM European Countries Trust Him to Tear Out Roots of Present Evils. BY OLIVER oW KURN. NCE President Wilson went to Europe and was halled as & “Messiah” about to deliver the old world from its maze of hatreds and jealousies and lead 1he peoples of the continent to a new «ra that would end forever the ter- rible sufferings experienced by all during a four-year butchery, politely called war. Five years after the American war leader finished his work, successful or unsuecessful as it may have been according to respective viewpoints, Xurope today is turning its eyes to another American whose rough and Teady methods, whose keenness and Vision, already are recognized. That umerican is none other than Gen. Charles G. Dawes, already famous for his aggressive but nevertheless effi- clent way of dealing with perplexing problems. Europe expects him to jead the way toward a complete set- 1lement of the vexatious problems (sting between Germany and_the allied “governments—probicms _ wrhich, if permitted to go on and on as they have mince the peace conference of YVersallles, are certain to lead to a Jiolocaust, more intense, more terri- ble and more destructive than the one that gripped the world from 1914 until late 1918, Meet In Paris Tomorro: in_Paris, there will as- 'mble picked finaneial experts from | lied and associated natfons to begin digest of Germany's ability to pay the vast reparations account as- wessed against her by the allied pre- miers in their conference of London, “ total aggregating 132,000,000,000 Bold marks—a_ total which wiser economists of the world have insist- ed impossible of fulfillment without wrecking the whole economic and financial fabric of the continent. Germany's ability will be analyzed, hut the chemicals of politics, racial | hatreds and governmental expediency will be discarded. Under the leader- ship of Gen. Dawes the financlal ex- nerts will go to the very bottom of Germany’s present and past financial condition. They will sift govern- nental expenses, pry into capital ex- portations, will determine just what Germany has in the way of economic snd financial assets and how Germany van be made to pay her obiigations incurred through the war. Further- anore, there must be effected some EYS- tem whereby Germany can pay the sums considered just. It may lead to « moratorium covering several years or Germany will be forced to com- plete her payments at once. But this “ontingency is considered so far be- vond the realm of possibility that al ready the likelihood of an interna tional loan and a moratorium is being considered as the way out of the present chaotic condltion—that i if Germany ever settles her just ac counts. French Viewpoint Changex. Britain from the very first has in- aisted that there be some leeway for Germany. This always has been re- sisted and was further complicated by the French occupation of the Rhineland and the Ruhr. Considering advantage gained and the cost of the French ad-{ YVenture, it has been a fallure, though Deing an excellent means of perpetuat- ing the Poincare regime in Paris. But *he French, en masse, cannot be misled forever, and as @ conSequence the feel- ing has been growing that, though Ger- many should be made to pay in so far as she is able to pay, there must be some modification in the French mili- tarists’ thesis embracing, as it has, the 1dea of destroying Germany that French security may be perpetuated. The change in sentiment in France was graphically demonstrated in_the chamber of deputies on Friday, when St Herrlot, leader of the liberal ¢lement d a powerful figure in French poli- tics, insisted that the financlal experts, :bout to assume their gigantic task, be Biven free rein and be allowed to g6 as| far as they like in determining not Germany’s ability to pay. but the exact amount_that ultimately ‘should be ex- acted. Instead of being Equal Suffrage and made a target for charges of treason, it Is declared he met with favorable re- sponse, 60 much so, in fact, that Premier Polncare was forced to admit that the government would not restrict the in- vestigation through policles to which ke had been so firmly committed. Though clinging to the i that the treaty of Versallles should Ye fulfilled, the French premier declared that possi- bly, in case the total amount to be paid by ‘Germany was curtailed, there might come recompense In the curtallment of France's forelgn debt. French Stood as Bar. Whatever the attitude of the pres- ¢nt French government in the past the march of events, plus the fall of (the franc and the rapid disintegra- tion of French Influence in England and America have caused the French to modify their stand. This previ- ously adamant stand of the govern- ment against the conslderation of the total amount bf reparations was de- clared to be a bar which would nul- 1ify the work of the financial experts, no matter how diligently they might strive to reach a real adjustment, but if it is true as reported, tha. Polncare today is in more lenient mood and does not change his pres- ent policy for one more aggressive | bofore the findings of the experts become an accomplished fact. then real resuits will come from (he mo- mentous conferenc | A, In sl past European confer. ences and in all plans proposed by {one side or another old jealousies and suspicions have tended to prevent proper laevening of the fssues at Fand. The placing of Gen. Dawes at the head of the financial experts is { indication of the European desire to sen some settlement and their own admittance that only through disin- tereated neutral guidance can desired results be achieved. —Dawes, in France is known as a ‘direct result- *"and it confidently is belleved in officlal circles in both Paris and Lon- jon that his commanding influence, ! nie intolerance of extraneous matter jand his known refusal to consider jpolitical expediency ir connection with firaroial matters. will produce results held eo essential to the ad- vance and well being of Kurope. Reparations Body' Sympathetic. | { Though the financial experts have| no power to initiate or direct meas- ures which they may suggest for the settlement of the Franco-German problem, the reparations commission lis i hearty sympathy with every move to end the deadlock, and the tons of data collected by it since the | treaty of_ Versailles was signed will be turned over for analysis. The commission, it is belleved. unless i unforeseen things into the y problem. will heartily back the finan- | cial experts. This Is further indica- jtion of the cfiange of heart on the enter part of the French government n:-xr.l inasmuch as it is recognized that the commission is dogninated from the { Qual d'Orsay. There has been no let-up in the ef- forts of French and German indus- trialists to galn some sort of ra- oking to peaceful co- ase both politiclans and adjustors can reach no e questions which prochement operation in financial agreement on thi expediency. through one reason is reported that the! formulated by { political financiers fail, or another, it plans already ests will be realized, to the advan- tage of these two Industrial groups at least. However, England Is taking an increasing voice in the settiement of the problem and in the protection of England’s interests, while Belgium constantly has refused to be shunted aside. andpoint of na- tional expediency, for the moment at Teant! e “French are very destrous | of elleiting British support, and the; perative endeavor. hould a British government be dom- inated by the labor party, France well realizes that any Settlement not taking into consideration all of Eng- jand's interests will result in but turther difficulties. Undoubtedly Poincare now feels that France has had difficulties enoug] Advoecated In Early Days of Republic BY MARY LEE STARK. | [NCE the beginning of the nation- wide movement for equal suf- frage. a number of erronsous ar- ticles, and even pooks, have been yublished, concerning the origin thereof. Jt seems unfortunate that articles so misleading should have had such a wide circulation. Even in Bancroft's escel- lent “History™ there are statements en- tirely incorrect. There was no truth in the assertion that a wild uproar of op- position prevailed at the time that tie ftrage bill passed. in the early days of the republic the subject was agitated and the wife of | Tresldent Adams strongly protested against the disfranchisement of women. 80 also did the sister of Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, who satd: “It is an outrage to admit such men as Alexan- der Stephens and Gen. Johnston to suf- frage, when women like Clara Barton are denied.”” The author of the Decla- ration of Independence, Thomas Jeffer- son, was strongly opposed to disfran- chisement. Movements in the 60s, Beck in the vear 1867 a ‘“universal franchise” assoclation was formed- in Washington. Hamilton Wilcox, was one of the organizers, made 'before a committee of Congress the first argu- ment for woman sufirage. - Hence, it appears that a man, instead of a wom- an, was the first instigator of the great movement. In 1866 the town of Guilford, Conn., elected Gen. E. M. Lee its representa- tive in the legislature. He was a native of the town and had served, through the civil war. Always a strong advocdte of equal suffrage. he introduced a bill to that effect. ~Ably supported by Thomas M. Waller, afterward governor of the state, even in that early day the bill came within a fow votes of passing. In the spring of 1869 Gen. Lee, being a lawyer, was sent to Washington to ald in settling affairs pertaining to the civil war. Before leaving the city, he was &p- pointed by President Graut to be secretary of the new territory of Wyoming. He willingly accepted, Loping an opportunity might present itself for the furtherance of his pet scheme, and it came. In his capacity as secretary, he had oh his hands much of the work of settling the Young territory in motion. and drew ihe first proclamation announcing the commencement of territorial govern- ment, as well as the one issued by Gov, Campbell for the election of a legislature. Historic Wyoming Session. In_September, 1869, was convened the first Wyoming slegislature. One day the president of the council came into the secretary’s office and said- “General, I haven’t yet seen an op- portunity to pass any measure that will be worth thile and place my name in history. The secretary saw his opportunity and_replied: - “Carry through a bill securing suf- frage to the women of the territory. “But I don’t helleve in it," re sponded the counciiman. “No matter,” answered Secretary T.ee, “for you could thereby distin- gulsh_yourself; also it would adver- tise the territory and promote Im- migration of people with capital. After much persuasion. the conncil- man_replied: > “Very well, T will do as vou The secretary drew up the bill and sald: “Carry this through the councll and {T will get it through the house.” aturally there was much opposi- tion. but Lee “put his shoulder to the !wheel.” The bill passed both branches of the legislature, and the governor,! though not enthuslastic in the mn:»l ter. signed it. | In the preface to the first volume of the territcry’s laws Secretary Lee | wrote, “A law was passed enfranchis: | the women, thus by a single act plac- {ing Wyoming in the vanguard-of | eivilization and progress Among those who were prominent in securing the constitutional amend- | ment enfranchising women was Rep- Fesentative Hotchiiss, aiso from Con- necticut. In view of Wyoming’s achievement Gov.. Carey issued a_ proclamation making December 10, 1896, a day to be celebrated for all coming time. Inventors of U. S. Rush to Europe | A prophet is not without honor save in his own country. This old saw has proven itself again curlously in the exodus of |several American inventors to Eu- rope for first recognition. Government officials have noted lately an increasing number of in- ventors and promoters taking their projects to England prior to pre- sentation in the American fleld. Tpon being launched in Europe, new inventions often find the American market easier to reach, So many propositions which merit attentlon are being brought forward in the United States, It Is sald, that under present conditions it seems hardly possible for all of them to be considered With favor by persens in a position to promote new things. A certain new type of moter re- ceived very scant consideration by American bullders until after the in- ventor returned from his successful trip to Europe where he had made arrangements for the use of his pat- ents on a royalty basis by leading European bullders. He was then able to sell his American rights to several well known concerns. A wool cleaning machine Vention: has been gf-c&’u’frfi'fi" 5o moted in the Yorkshire district of England, and a telephone specialty is_being seriously considered by the British post office. Neither of these Inventions has vet been brought to the general notice of American buy- ers, 5 Ohe reason for this pecull: - tion, 1t is explained, may be the pois that there are many more hand workers in England, in proportion to the population, than in the United States. The Engiish are, in general 3. conservative people, but it 15 some- times possible to find a shep where an expert mechanic or two will be willing to devote months, or even years, ‘to _the development ‘of some new proposition, with very little actual expense involved. R THE SUNDAY BY HERBERT COREY. Budget making !s not a complicated Lrocess as Gen. Herbert Mayhew Lord |sees it. On the contrary, it is a: Islmhh 2s an egg. There is but one ! | | | i rule to follow: “It 1s not enough to know where the money has gone.” We must know where it is going. Add to that Gen. Lord's pet phrase —*“the caplllary attraction of eco- nomy"—which means that economy soaks up from the lower levels of the government service until it gets to the top, and you have the whole thing. He thinks that this year's Ludget s hetter than last year's budget. Next years budget will be better yet. The government is grad- ually ,adopting business methods. The men and women of the govern- ment service are beginning to see cpportunities to save money. The director of the budget has a story that illustrates the change. “An exhorter In a darky meseting,” he says. “was praying out loud: . { “Lord, give us more powe “Another interrupted hi ““Brother,’ gald he, ‘what 1s not more power, but more ideas. Lord has the ideas. Iec has alway had ideas about savizg money. as born in Rockland, Me., Wwhere a silver dollar looks about the size of the sun in the fog. Money was not plentiful in Maine when he was |a boy. Tt was regarded almost rev- erentially. It was never An end— there ars mighty few Yankes misers {—but it was always a means. It was to be spent with circumspection, so that for @émch dollar there might be a proper return. Good at Watch-Doxging. In 1914, when he returned from the Philippines, where he had been in charge of government finance, Con- gress appropriated $200,000 for the relief of fire sufferers at Salem, Mas: STAR, and gave him the job of watch-dog- ging. Every met. By and by Salem began to ask: for more ald weuld ~nding. part of that sum might be sent back to the Treasury would have been un- bearable. tempted by a visible bait Lord was able to return $152.000. happened fn any other similar so far ag the racords show. It ie a =ample not but mov casily Congress made appropriations upon the estimates of the various heads of departments. nue was lavied to pay the bills, war o increased the taxes that this Dhit-or-miss plan was no longer poss ble. i of finance, probabie the coming heads are given 2 limit within which they them _prove they X have been tinctured with {is twhere their shoes pinch. HeretoToren: In case the|vear the President estimated that the governniant could safely spend $1, 000,000 on its running cost. exclusive the |of the payment of principal and In- Iy French and German industrial inter-!terest on public debts and similar ron-compressible iterhs. thev accepted $1,645,000,000, and were glad to get it. less than the President had allowed and $19.000,000 less than the depart- only lasting gains can be ar‘hlevedlme"u had asked. And, [ ment service has never been so Next vear it will be better. lowing year it will be better vet, be- | ardized. legitimate need was Each unfortunate was helped. “How much is left?” “I won't tell,” said Lord. If Salem had known, the pressure nave been un- that a large business. ‘The thought once said, Because Salem was not On That never case, nly of his Yankee tarift f his Yankee canniness. He re- d a_temptation. The theory of budget making is understood. In the ‘old days and the schedule office sp: nowaday Then a sufficient reve- warehous The the other. Now the President, w the government's officers of makes an estimaté of the government revenues for vear. The department th 8 h the aid | £9 saved. must keep. Then Lord makes that the expenditures ask are justified. Right there Last it was an clauses in other against The departments demanded $1,700,000. Got Less, But Glad to Get 1t. ‘When they got through with Lord ness with same and there ‘That was $8,000,000 Yet the govern- The fol- cause order and into the government's conduct of its “A private concern,” vhich conducted its busi- ness as the government has would bave gone bankrupt.” recently government's holdings of real estate was made, which showed that prop- erty valued at $1,800,000,000 i owned, exclusive of the District of Columbia public being fine-combed to ses if the properties are always being used to the best advantage. ernment was apt to be wasteful of Offices are being The Army and Navy own but under the old plan neither would loan storage space to rament ays rent to the tune of ,000,000 annually. flcers belicve that 10 per cent can be The government leases,’ re perhaps the worst in the world. Landlords did not property to the government becausa unpleasant tenant. government wrote all sorts of tric its leases. take advantage of them, but, on the hand, landlords possible charging an excessive rent. tors were rarely willing to do busi the government for reason. blank forms under 2 as been contractors that to sizn a contract with the government was to bankruptey. souls of honor in their private busi ness affairs found themsclves com- pelled by these forms and statutes to 800d. | cheat for the government. Now leases and contract forms are being stand- The government is playing WASHINGTON, D. GEN. H. M. LORD. em have comefair, just as the posed to do. Gen. Lord for any a schedule of the gressional committee. lands. Now that |heads, force. Gen. fhe gov- | plan. hared he asks. ist t. owadays they do. The |ment as The Ludiet of- | s joncifieeri $125.000. they say, | every department. want to rent |investigators stay. T It might rot 20 into minute details, it might. protected unfair Consequent- themselves action by Contrac- the 1t has 395 different 4 different laws, n adage among buread: feed.” National Park, invite Officials who were th Army had transfer wished to sell copper. ment of Commerce's proved that the time was not rip: and $200,000 was saved. Unwise specifications were unnecessarily in- creasing the price of bed sheets. T N T and black powder, rapidly de- teriorating in storage, were turned over to the good roads people for im- medlate use. Under the old plan the explosives would have_ been sold for less than value and then rebought. In 1924 $1,250,000 will be saved on the government's printing. One year “author's changes” cost the gov- ernment $228,000. Nowadays the re- sponsible officlals are cautioned to correct their copy before it goes to the printer. Fourteen different boat services have been used in New York harbor. By inducing the men of dif- ferent services to elbow each other in the same boat $80,000 will be saved |e:ch vear. Other Savings Effected. The bureau of standards saved $62,000 by reforming the use of the telephone in the District of Columbla alone. A pointed inquiry cut the number of “sick reports” in one es- tablishment from an average of 1,000 a day to fewer than 75 a d “We must buy some furniture at Newark, N. J.'" the Department of Justice reported to the bureau of the budget. Formerly the department would have bought first and reported later. This plan has gone out since a clerk in one department bought two typewriters, regardless of the fz that the government had thousands of good war-time typewriters in stor- age, and paid for them himself. The “The Treasury has furniture storage at Newark,” was the repor “You may take that.” But the Tre: ury wanted to ship that furniture to Oklahoma City, where a new of was to be opened. This being re- ported, the bureau found that Justice had furniture in stora at Oklahoma City. Storage receipts were swapped. Post Ofice Department, Saves. The Post Office Department got in- in' individual In former days departmental heads asked for money with which to run | thelr departments, always allowing |PTOVER by experience to be the best. The Post Office, the Army, the Nav and the Department of Asriculture Co-opérated In the transfer of coal. Once the coal needed would have been The coal on hand, where it s not meeded, would have slacked possible cut by Congress. Then they appeared before a con- The commit- tee would make tentative cuts, which would be resisted by the department | away The committee labored under the handicap of being the attacking Lord has reversed that He takes up the departmental estimate, item by item. “How do you justify this charge?” That is not so easy to do as to re- Not long ugo one depart- ment asked approximately When it got through its justification it was glad to accept The director of the budget has investigators in every bureau of The departmental officers may be shifted about, but the They ure apt to know quite as much as the officers, for with each passing vear they are building up a fund of knowledge of practices and costs and men. v Not long ago the bureau of blological survey had eight dogs too many in Alaska. How the Imvestigator Works. “Let us sell the dogs,” “or else kill them to save “But the dogs are needed at Nenana aid the investigator. And it was so ordered. wanted to buy underwear when the underwear was ordered. terested in the new scheme. It put its very good brains to work, with the result that $3,000,000 was saved |1ast year by the introduction of new methods. In Boston every is sup- line on its own contract. bought on the contract bought. Down at Norfolk is an old fo-t. another, way. sentat! barnyard. $430,000 | gether over a table, business way, and the tra made. Patriotic socleties a desecration. They | cers over the Lord. transfer,” said the [ReYs shipping board by the management of its fleet. The marines | (000,000 have been needed to the departmen to gRelt W want them. The Ibud‘el bureau looked into Its records. No Blood Fighting at Old Fort. “The only fighting ever done 2t the 0ld fort was between the three offi- said Gen. govern- ment activity bought its own gaso- Now all is that had 1t has been kept up for one reason and but it was not paying its A proposition to shift its cceu- pancy brought together the repre- s of three departments, each of whom regarded the two others as Towser does a strange dog in ti The bureau got them tc- they got ac-| quainted, absorbed the new idea of |NOt be brought into the hearings by doing the government's business in a fer - rotested on the ground that the transfer was a8 Government bureaus are using the malil and long-distance telephiones in- stead of sending clerks on long jour- Just like business houses do. it {s hard to discover just —have been saved in the the substitution of new ideas for the lack of ideas in Trucks and tractors to the value of $129 transferred from the departments where they are not which Freight specifications The Departi-|are being obeyed. Once a carload of vestigators (Continued on Eleventh Page.) The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended January 12: > The British Empire—~There was a tre- mendous Labor rally jp Roval Albert Hall London. January 8, presided over by Mr. Ram- say MacDonald. Mr. MacDonald, who expects to be premier within a few days, spoke, and was followed by J. R. Cylnes, J. H. Thomas and Miss Margaret Bonfleld, all three of whom are pretty certain to hold portfolios In a labor government. The meeting began with the singing of the “Soclallst Marseillaise” and ended with the “Red Flag.” Mr. MacDonald, declaring that “war embers endure In every capital in Europe,” announced his intention to “put his foot on them,” which, from Mr. Mac- Donald, is rather unbecomingly bellicose. He continued thus: “The quarrel, if it can be called such; the misunderstandings, pinprick irritations going on between France and ou selves are absolutely deplorable. They are unworthy of both countries. They do not Issue from the minds of the good people of either country. It would be a great thing to do, if we could ornly do it, to put them all behind fus, to establish with Prance, Italy, Russia, Germany, Czechoslovakia—all the peoples of all nations—an understanding, not of rival military forces, but an understanding of humane men and humane women who have no cause for war, no cause for enmity.” In view of Mr. MacDonald's attitude during the war, it might be remarked that to a great many people Mr. MacDonald talking_on any thing else would be preferable to Mr. Mac- Donald talking on the issues of peace or war. The paragraph quoted has not exactly caused elation in Paris. They will tell you in Paris that France is no less eager than any other country for a good understanding, provided it be an understanding without repudiation and one that shall not imply the ruin of France. Mr. MacDonald made the Important statement that a labor government would use the league of nations “without reserve as the main in- strument of securing International justice.” He pooh-poohed the pompous folly of standing aloof from the Russian government. “I want trade” said he; “I want a settle- ment from the coasts of Japan to the coas of Ireland. If I have to protest against what is being done in Afghanistan, how can I pro- test unless I have channels to use for my protest? If I am going to say to any foreign country, ‘We are guing to deal straight with You; we are going to treat fairly with you, how-can that be done if I have to whisper to some one behind my back to go and tell some- body to tell somebody to tell somebody to tell Moscow?" = That interesting publication of the New York Trust Company, the Index, Informs us that Canada, with a population of mot gquite 9,000,000, is fourth ‘of the countries of the world in volume of exports. being first per capita. Her world trade for the twleve months ended June 30, 1923, valued at $1,850,000,- 000; ours (with twelve times Canada’s pop: lation) was valued at approximately $7,740, 000,000 Canada is the second best customer of the United States and not far behind Great Brita! our best. Life is Hlelunt and easy in the country of Maorl villages ind geysers in the vicinity of Lake Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand. You can catch a trout in a cold stream and cook him in a boiling stream only a few feet away. * ¥ %k X Germany—President Gompers and the ex- ecutive counsel of the American Federation of Labor have appealed to the members of all labor - organizations in the United States for contributions to be applled to maintenance of the German trade union movement, now bankrupt. The following paragraphs of the appeal are interesting: ! - -+ “We have a duty to help the German trade union movement maintain itself as the de- fender of democracy against the terrific on- slaughts of bolshevik propaganda, which con- tinue incessantly with the direct backing of the bolshevik machine in Moscow. the more dangerous because of its proximity. The Ger- man trade union movement has stood courage- ously against the bolshevik attacks, but, with its machinery of organization broken down and out of business, the red effort to capture German labor as a means to furthering the program for red domination will be a much easler matter. “The German trade union movement is the only important organized force in Germany that can come to the defense of the republic and defeat the monarchists. If Germany should revert to despotism, a great victory, bought at a terrible cost. would be in great part lost. “It was our war aim to destroy the imperial- ist autocracy. We have a duty to sustain the German ‘labor as a force for holding the fre- dom won for the German people by the Amer. can and allied sacrific All is not well with the German rentenmark. There is something uncanny about the absence of authentic news of Importance from Berlin. But we do not have to deplore the absence of German propaganda or propagandists in our country. . ¥ % 3k Xk A Manifesto.—Immediately after the signing of the treaty of Lausanne the Aga Kahn, who! a large part of Islam regards as its chief spiritual leader, addressed a manifesto “To all Moslems,” but intended chiefly for the Moslems of India and Africa, among whom his influence is most powerful. He urged that Moslems cease from stirring up bad blood between Moslems ard the western powers. He declared that the Turks owe the very satisfac- tory Lausanne settlement mot only to. their own fortitude and courage, but also to the good will of Great Britaipn and France; that it marks the end of a hundréd years of strife with the western powers, and makes possible estab- lishment of new lasting friendship with these powers. The khalifat movement, sald he, is out of date and can serve no useful purpose. Let the Indian Mohammedans drop politics, As for the Arab peoples outside the geope of the their position is still .unsatistactory, ime will heal that problem.” ¥ ¥ Xk Xk Japan.—According to a statement issued by the National City Bank of New York, our trade with Japan is nineteen times what it was in 1893, whereas our total foreign trade is only five times what it was in 1893. Qur total ex- ports to. Japan in that year were valued at about $3,000,000, and imports at about $27,600. 000. Our exports to Japan in 1922 were valued at_about $213,000,000, and imports at about $373,000,000. Japan's exports to the United States corstitute more than 40 per cent of her total exports, her imports from the United State 31 per cent of hef total imports. *k HTE Oceania.—Mr. Rollo H. Beck, is back from French Oceania, where, as head of the Whit- ney south sea expedition (under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History, the funds being provided by Mr. Harry Payne Whitney), he has for the past three years been searching among the islands and atolls for rare birds. He brought back six thousand specimens of rare birds, and = large collection of fishes, plants, flowers and invertebrates. The personnel of the expedition consisted of Mr. Beck and a native crew of ten, eighteen months, Mr. Ernest Quale, of Stanford University. In a seventy-five-ton steam auxiliary yacht they covered some 20,000 miles. Mr. Beck found marked differentiation of familiar species for each far-separated island or atoll or group of islands or atolls and clatms to have discovered several hitherto un- Qknown: species, - et in Tl T Te He observes that “nature is conducting a vast experimental laboratory” in those parts. that “evolution is proceeding on a more rapid scale” than in the islands where Darwin made his observations. He found “indisputable evi- dence” of still-existing cannibalism, * % ¥ X Mexieo.—The De la Huerta rebels of Mexico received another jolt when the President of the United States, by proclamation dated Jan- uary 7. laid an embargo on exportation of arms or munitions of war from the United States to Mexico with the exception of such exportation as may be approved by the gov- rrnment of the United States for shipment to the government of Mexico, which has been recognized by the government of the United States, and such arms and munitions for in- .ustrial or commercial uses as may from time fo time be exported with the consent of the Secretary of State. The militapy situation in Mexico continues obscure. * k¥ k X United States of Ameriea.—Dr. Basil L. Gildersleeve, perhaps the most distinguished American classical scholar of his time, died at Baltimore January 9, in his ninety-second year. Invited thither from the University of Virginia, he organized the department of Greek at Johns Hopkins in 1876, and continued on active duty there until 1915. The Museum of Natural History of New York city is offering one of its twenty-five dinosaur eggs for sale, guaranteed at least ten million years old. The museum hopes to et at least $250,000 to be applied toward further research work in Mongolla. The ege is certainly cheap at $250,000—if one has the rice. P Secretary Wallace does well to harp on the necessity of an efficient forestal policy. The following forestal statistics, culled from a report of the industrial conference board, sre interesting: It is estimated that on the arrival of the white man the territory now comprising the ited States proper contained 5,200,000,000.- 000 board feet of virgin timber. It now con- tains 1,600,000,000,000 feet of virgin timbe and 800,000,000,000 feet of second growth, pen cent of the virgin timber and 60 per cent of the whole belag weat of the great plains. The annual consumption of forestal produc- tion is about 22,500,000,000 cubic feet, and the annual .loss from fire. insects and disease about 2,500,000,000 cubic feet. The yearly growth is about 6,000,000,000 cubic feet. About 10,000,000 acres of forest are cut annually,sand of these only about 1,000,000 are put under cultivation. Altogether there are in the coun- try about 181,000,000 acres of logged forest land left neglected, neither reforested nor cleared for the plow. The plan is being revived to dredge a twen- ty-seven-foot channel in the Hudson, thus making Albany and Troy ports for ocean- going vessels. In all Europe, including the British Isles, there are”only 5,300,000 telephones, as against more than 14,000,000 in the United States. * k X X% Miscellaneous.—Venizelos has been elected president of the Greek constituent assembly. Gen. Danglis, a close friend of Venizelos, was invited by the regent, Admiral Koundouriatis, to_form a'cabinet, but failed, whereupon Veni- zelos was induced, against the grain, to un- dertake that task, in which no doubt he will succeed. The International health board of the Rocke- feller interests published a very Interesting re- port. The board co-operates with seventy gov- ernments and with the health organization of the league of nations, helping to finance the latter. Among other interesting items of the report are the following: The only areas of the western hemisphere where yellow fever is still to be found are eastern Mexico and a narrow strip along the coast of Brazil. Of the 40,000.000 inhabitants of the Madras presidency, Indla, 36.000,000 have the hook- worm. ¥ [ .5 ol e Navy Ihl\'e not only been formulated, but PHILIPPINE FREEDOM ISSUE COMES TO FORE Joint Congressional Committee Will Debate Fulfillment of Pledges Made to BY WILL P. KENNEDY. HAT a new nation may be estab- lished, after having served long vears of test, is the proposal of world-wide importance that will be considered, probably this week, by a Joint congressional committee. Distinct enity in the world of na- tlons, with complete autonomy—ful- filllng a pledge made by the Amer- ican Congress In behalf of the people of the United States—when capability for self-government had been proved —Is asked by the 11,000,000 people of the Phillppine Islands through formal acts of their local legisla- ture, ‘petition of the Philippine In- dependence Mission, and by Pedro Guevara, the new resldeiut commis- sloner, in « speech on the floor of the House last week. The patriotic desirés of the Phil- ippine people to exercise complete independence, with the United States as a big brother and friend, instead of a guurdian, will be argued before the joint congressional committee Just as soon as Senator Hiram Jol on, chairman of the Senate com- mittee, can ange a date—on Jan- tuary 15 or as soon thercafter as pos sible. | i [ - Situation Misunderstood. “In the rush and excitement of at- during the most stirring and eriti- cal period in the history of the en- tire world the United States has pardonably overlooked our amb| tions for complete self-government. T find that the people here do mnot understand the real situation,” said Commissioner Guevara. “If we have demonstrated our ability for sel: government we ought to have it; if We are Incapable of self-govern- ment we ought not to be Intrusted with it. We are seeking complete independence on the showing we have made." Commissioner Guevara, with Com- missioner lsauro Gabaldon and Man- uel Roxas, speaker of the house of representatives of the Philippine ls- lands, who is special commissioner of the independence mission. will pre- sent the plea of the Philippines at the joint hearing. | Commissioner Guevara is endea: {nrln: to bring about Philippine in- dependence on the high plane of di- plomacy and statesmanship. .He is opposed to rioting and threats, in- surrection, or dealing in_ vitupera- tion. While the people of the Phil- {ippines do not approve of Gen. Wood's policies and administration, this will Commissioner -Guevara. He wants Independence for his people to stand solely on their own merits, l Has Had Interesting Career. | Commissioner Guevara is the type of self-made man and patriot that ap- peals most strongly to the people jof the United States. He sunported himself by working as a “house boy while getting his education in the Jesuit college at Manila and study- ing law in the oldest university in the Philippines. When the revolu- tion against Spain started in 1896 he was suspected by the Spanish officials and jolned the insurgents in 1897. He fought In the insurgent army for two ears under Aguinaldo and became @ colonel. en peace was signed at Biacan- abato he resumed his studies. When the American fleet was about to salil for the Philippines under the {mmor- tal Dewey, Guevara was offered a position in the national militla of the Philippines organized by the {Spanish government, but refused. On May 1. 1898, when the fleet under Admiral Dewey arrived off the islands, he reorganized his forces, about §00 men, to join the United States forces. He had many conferences Admiral Dewey on his flagship, the Olympla, and says he always had the highest admiration of Dewey. When the American forces wers landed he Union Leader Says Courts Aid Capital‘ (Continued from First Page.) i is mot getting better. As a matter of fact, the impression that the courts are in league with capital and against them fs more pronounced in the minds of the toilers who are organ- ized. They believe they have the right to improve their living condi- tions through the application of their economic power. They believe they are proceeding legally when they strike. They believe they are within their legal rights when they resort to peaceful persuasion in effort to in- duce other wage earners not to take their places. They belfeve they have the right to use their money to aid thelr brothers involved in strikes. They believe they have the right to organize the unorganized. The policy of the leaders in the organized labor movement is to meet what they term the invasion of the courts and their usurpation of power by legislation. Thus far little suc- cess has attended this effort. Legis- lation has been obtained, only to_ be nullified by the courts by direct edict or by circumlocution. Serfous Attention Given. “Serious attentlon has been given to this subject.”” declares the federa- tion council umerous conferences and interviews have taken place in the effort to prepare an all-sufficfent | legislative proposal to adequately meet the situation. Likewise, we have had under consideration consti- tutional amendments designed to ac- | complish the same purpose. It 13 be- {lleved that some effective measure { of redress may be perfected 50 as to { receive vonsideration at the coming | session of Congress.” The policy of the leaders of the reckless, radical movement is not to Change the injunction power of the { courts by peaceful and legal means. They prefer that it shall continue. It | furnishes ammunition. . 1t 18 to their liking. It promotes discontent that can be utilized, that makes for fer- tile sofl in which ideas of violence and ‘revolution flourish. = You may fike it or not, you may call 1t an attack on the courts, and that asser- ‘ tion has covered a multitude of judi- cia evils, Indeed, you may approve of this injunction government as ap- Dplied to the unions, but by your ae- qulesence, by your approval, you are fostering an instrument that may be used to Lurt vou, to invade your liberties, to strike at the things that you.consider sacred. 1If the unions are wrong, they should be made to See their error by argument and per- Suasion, but these methods will not | Succeed if they have behind them the jail and the bavonet. Labor Caw't Fanction. In short, the labor movement, the movement of labor organized, cannot live and function if it meekly and, tamely submits to judicial deecrees that make for the defeat and disrup- tion of its effort at progress, at the attainment for the masses of a bet- ter and a finer standard of life. tending to vital affairs of its own | with [ Islanders. fought the Spanish army with the {American soldlers and succeeded in destroying the Spanish army. In 1900 he was instrumental in arranging peace terms between the insurgents and the American army of occupa- tion, treating with Gen. McArthur, the father of Gen. Douglas McArthur, formerly commandant at West Point a:ui now commandant in the Philip- pin Commissioner Guevara joined the Philippine constabulary forces when they re organized by Gen. Henry T. Allen, recently retired, after com- manding the army of occupation i the Rhine, and was with that or- ganization for five years. He was later editor of two of the most im- portant newspapers in the islands. High Positions Held. In 1909 he was elected to th> Phiilppine house of representatives and re-elected in 1912, When the Jones law, which promised to rec- onmze the independence of the Phil- ippine Islands as soon as a stable government could be established was passed, in 1916, Guevara was elected to the senate and re-elected in 191¢ {In 1923 he was “drafted” to serv a8 resident commissioner in Wash- ington to take charge of the Philip- pine plea in Congre: for distinct entit: as a nation. This entailed self-sacrifice, he had risen to dis- | tinction = leading lawvyer in the islande, with an income from his pro- fesslon several times the salary b ireceives here. With this background of intimate and' personal knowledge of all the {eonditions affecting the protectorate that the United States exercises over jthe islands and of the local feeling ;of devotion to the United State. Commissioner Guevara has been abl to present the facts fairly to his co! leagues in Congress, with the result {that there is now a much better | understanding of the principles in- volved and a sincere desire to ee the new nation on {ts own feet. i Cites Inland Loyalty. Commissioner Guevara on all occa- sions emphasizes that his people, who knowing the Americans through their history and traditions, dld not {hesitate to join the cause of the United States and fought the Span- ish army with the ardor of patriots,” are eternally grateful to the United States for id thus far. “We will always Dbe ready to fight for our Amerlcan big brothers against any jother nation.” he declared. “In time {of trouble the United States will ever find us loyal” he declares. He rid: cules the objection that the Japanese jand the Philippine people might j forces in a wuy ir 21 to the United States, and protests thut there c never be alliance butween the Filipin and the Japanese. He calls attention McKinley, Roosevelt. son have defined {way the aim of tion in the Philipn of any party, but nation. He quotes | President IHurding, adhering to this doctrine, when he sald: “No fixed intent, no thought of con- quest, no individual or governmental desire to exploit, no desire to colon- ize brought us together." “Congress has also defined the spirit of the erican occupation the Philippines.” Commissioner Gue- vara say In the light of thes facts it is un-American now to su tain the theory of responsibil without authority. Only conquerin nations can uphold such a principlc of governmeni. The American peo- ple a8 a nation have iwon for the selves a moral authority, not only the Philippines. but throughout the whole world. spirit prefers mo; terial subju sense of ju. ple. 1 ask that the Filipino people b en_independence to the end t ¥ be happy, helpful to the world, ever grateful io the United States and champions of the eterna principle of justice for all peopl Seeking to Extend Market for Silver Development of a non-tarnishinz or less tarnisking silver which wi increase the use of silver for table ware {s meeting with very encour- aging success in the United States bureau of mines' laboratories, Thi is one of the definite things that has been undertaken in U'ncle Sam's wor shop to create a larger market for the silver mining industry. Some of the manufacturers have assured ti government officials that indus will welcome such development. The Senate committee investigating gold and sflver spent a great deal of time on the problem of the low price of silver. The committee found th this was due to many conditions, ir cluding the decrease in the use silver abroad and the change in trade in China and India. Those who have studied the situation were agreed that there was very little hope for the silver producers without bring- ing about a number of political changes that are not easy to accom- plish, It occurred to Secretary Work that something could be done toward in- creasing the use of silver, as the use of other metals had been in {creased, by finding new uses or het- ter uses. The director of the bureau mines. as an _illustration. told committee of Congress that in our own generation great use of silver in photography has grown up ar that one camera company is now among the largest buyers of silve using it in this country for making films, The silver producers’ assoclation has agreed to match dollar for dolla whatever funds Congress makes }avallablo to the bureau of mines fo: study and research in silver. The burean of standards has done a _considergble work along this line and the buireau of mines expects to continue these investigations to heln preserve a blg industry in which pro- duction is constantly increasing whil. the market has fallen off. . Plan for U. S. Helium At Smaller Cost The United States bureau of mines= co-operating with the Navy and the Army, is preparing plans for a pro- duction plant which will very greatly decrease the cost of helium. This i« very important, members of Congress have been told, because the Navy, in particular, with its big ships. hi achieved ‘great success in flying. D H. Foster Bain, director of the bi reau of mines, told a House commit- tee that the government experts now have a great deal of knowledge about supplies and that the semi-commer- clal work of preparation for produc- tion by a new and cheaper process is virtually completed. Last vear a bill, approved by the Becretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the T terior and the President, was con- sidered by the public lands commit- tee. That bill has been re-intro- duced and referred to the milits affairs committee. Action upon expected during the present .o t that Presidents Taft and Wil- 1 an unequivocal American occupa- 1es on behalf, not of the American from the lal of i