Evening Star Newspaper, November 25, 1923, Page 39

U. S. HAS DIFFICULT TASK IN TACNA-ARICA AFFAIR Position as Final Arhiter-of Province Dispute Delicate, Far Apart. BY BEN McKELWAY, HILE and Peru their cards on the table in thelr long standing dispute over the provinces of Tacna and Arfca, and the United States, 8 arbitrator, now under the lificult and perhaps thankless task »f settling an issue which contains s many firebrands and bowmbshells ts 1t ever did. The naturally unec promising attitude of both parties to the dispute—natural because each belleves its viewpoint the only right one—leaves the unhappy mediator facing the traditional alternatives of ‘he devil and the deep blue- sea. Only by a brilliant diplomatic stroke nay this Gordizn knot be cut cleanly 10 the sfaction of both parti ind thus clear away the most stub- corn barrier to lasting peace and =00d will in South America once and for all. The diplor Joth count suments b have laid le representatives of s have placed their ar- the President. In nsist of a small 300 pages and accompanying volume counte final 3 aue but three and then t sident will nd his d all be according to the agrecment— @ plebiscite shall be the sovereignty of Whether this sovereignty ther mean Where They Disagree. 1 kly colored object may discerned within the that Chile con- s lmited in determine only scite may be as loudly and aims that a T some of longer exhibits. i volume wuch £ irgume nths, tetermi vhether etermine irovine, all 1 fixed by some s The which voudpile, the is ends 1is powe can 1 when a pleb ield, while Peru, just ust as eloquently pre ebiscite long since been the and it rem ‘or the arbitrator to decide how the wyestion may be settled without such # plebiscite. Arguing the plebise “hileans contend that the ulth disposition of Tacna and Arica sh bhe 1eft to a vote of the ink be taken at a time and under such ditt as may be fived b Such a settlement, not fulfills the isions of article of the tre Ancon. which stipulated for but conforms to the doctrine “consent the governed.” which is in harmeny, the bricf forth, with the ¢ principles of controlling nment i ha rated siscite a 10w has questio only 1 scite, the is pop gove u, on th er hand, “the lapse of thirty during which Chile has fr the holding of an honest ple has so materially and vital litions contemplated £ Ancon that it would a plebisecite in the present cireumstances would be impractical, nd unsound.” Peru contends y the same conditions whiel 1 the population of the pre nees in 1594 would make 2 plebiscite | ir and just and preserve the legal | and moral interests of both Chil Peru under the Ancon treaty. on oth Do vears sine Says Other Questionx Eliminated. Chile states, that the resent procecdings eliminated wo of the provisic the treaty of Ancon, nam those which re- ferred to the pation of Tacna and Arica for a period of ten years Chile and the negotiatfon by both \arties of a protocol as the method «f holding a plebiscite and the time (nd method of payment of $10.000,000, Only two of the four conditions of he ty remain, therefore—the (ctual holding of the g he payment of the $1 onference between Chile and which was held in Washington last vear, was callod for the express pur- ose of deciding the “unfulfilled pro- “slons of the Ancon treaty,” it is irgued, and those two mentioned (bove are the only “unfulfilled pro- slslons of the treaty of Ancon.” Then Chile goes further to argue ‘he point that the Washington gov- arnment, as arbitrator in the dispute, s limited In its powers and is not ziven the authority to examine into the validity of the treaty of Ancon iny mora that the United States in in arbitration of the treaty of peace erminating the Mexican war of the war with Spain, wou!d allow the ar- stration of the justice of the vast ‘oncessions by Mexico or the Philip- oine Islands or Porto Rico by Spain. The long diplomatic interchanges be- tween Chile and Peru in the thirty vears since the termination of the war of the Pacific shows, the brief adds, that the idea of a plebiscite 1as never been abandoned by the sarties to the treaty, and that the yresent arbitrator Is not given au- thority to decide upon the inability of the two partles to reach an agree- ment on the question of the pleb- iscite. Negative Answer No Solution. A negative answer by the United States regarding the plebiscite, Chile states very frankly, would in no means end the undeslreble and un- vholesome state of controversy be- tween Chile and Peru, to end which, it is pointed out, was the primary purpose of the Washington confer- snce and, presumably, of the present arbitration. Further, Chile adds that If the United States adversely de- cldes on the plebiscite, the whole subject of settling the controversy will be left hanging high and dry, with the possibility of future nego- tiations ended. Chile then 'skilful'- davrles an in- viting prize before the President by stating that if the decision is reached for a plebiscite, it will end the old and continuous controversy and will restore cordizl relations between Chile and Peri The re-establish- ment of friendiiness between the two people, she declares emphatically, de- pends upon the decision that a pleb- iscite shall be held. Peru Also Has Views. much for Chile, but as for however, ave ns of ace biscite The So Peru- Peru contends indignantly that the territory obtained by Chile as a re- sult of the war of the Pacific—the seacoast province of Bollvia and the territory of Tarapaca—constitute the vgreatest war indemnlty the world has ever known,” and she refers to this fact to prove that even these enormous gains were not sufficient to cause Chile to comply with the terms of @& treaty shq herself ime held to ! the | sets | and | Peru | With Both Parties I posed. She | reason thirty |lowed to pass | being held in Tacna and Arica is be- Chile, possessing the territory then states that years have heen the al- cause und the nec: hold it, texts to agree ffecting the for Chile’s refusal. Pern was that she lacked the majority necessary to secure success by vot and that previous to 1900 she ‘\-nrluu.\ illegal and even ndalous” | methods to get rid of Peruvians who lived in the d ur Peru accus Chile of caused the failure of every to end the controversy by invar | insisting that she should the plebise under Chilean and management and by refusing | submit to arbitration the points discord. Per then summarizes arguments along this 1 lows: | refused upon various to the conditio measére. The for | mtends, o control to in her as fol- people of the n-t expressed their desire | Chilean the contrary, the imous admission of the Chilean thorities that down to 1910, the population was overwheiming'y Peruviun, shows conclusively that plebiscite, if it had been held in 1594, would ha vely vor Peru. This has openly many Chil una wu- at least heen decls ! N ad- an publicists ins the Chilean refusal to a vote to be held at time and constitute part, a practical waiver expectations under the j The plebiscite contemplated by e treaty for all practical pur- rded as having resulted virtually i the on of i a her scite. t D re held and to hav | Peru's favor.” | Contends Peru In & u contends that as a plebisci never has been held in the provin “Chilean sovereignty has never b und Peruvian sty has nev terminated In the territory in ques- tion . “The people in 1 Sovereign. sovere imported by Ch the territory subsequent to not inhabitants good faith,” the brief, continuing that the treaty of Ancon contemplated ‘only the in- | habitants of and Ari 1894, and then only, would be onés who would be ulted permanent sovereignty in a the cor to persons, w led, emigrated or oxpeile titled to vote” the brief But, ina h 28 4 great prop of them now dead reasons to r rther domi- are en- | sserts rifon | are for other » to their miciles of thi or apessib] sto orig] Ta. | vears s h | hone jand v horr nd Arie 1591, frustrated plebiscite, Ally ch s and de the durir the holding of h material ned ltions contemplated by the treaty Ancon i that it would P plebiscite ‘in | [the present circumstances’ would be | | tmpractical, alr and unsound.” Therefore, Peru s the Peruvians call decide against the iscite. Like Chile, the desicion of the arbitrat Lring about the solution controversy the highest and 1 importance tine of South Ame in lapse the arbiter to holding of a pleb- Peru hopes that t of poli th of mor |U. S. Timber Needs Are Plainly Shown (Continued from First Page.) i | west of the nd only 3 oS, enth i Rockics publicly owned ner cent east of the tdentally, and the committee noint cates large anting federai and state agencies. To carry out this ultima program. the committee advocates imr diate points for action by Congress: | A federal appropriation of not less | than $1,000.000 is asked for vearly | | co-operation with the states -in the | work of fire prevention. The natlonal government should not expend In this work more than the amount spent by the individual state, inclusive of that provided by private owners under provisions of law, it was stipulated. The largest appropriation adocated 18 for $5.000.000 cach vear to be devot- ed to the purchase of forest land on the watersheds of navigable streams. An annual alistment of §100.000 is asked for research and investigation, including the question of forest taxa- tion, Starting with an initial apnmnrln-“ tion of $100.000 the committee advo- ates that th federal government rovide incre S up to $10 000.000 a vear within ten vears for forcmt planting in co-operation with the states and otherwise. both | i Funds for Co-operation. ' In accordance with the recom- mendation of the Secretary of Agri- culture the committee urges appro- priation of $50,000 a year to start the work of co-operation between the federal government and the owners of forest land. The administration of this work would follow the lines of the present co-operation with owners of farm lands. As a general and last plank in its immediate forest program the com- mittec advocates that the Secretary of Agriculture be authorized to de- termine what lands now owned by the United States and not included in the national park areas are valu- able chiefly for the production of timber or for watershed protection. He would be authorized, under this i recommendation, to provide for their inclusion within the national forests or to give them such other protection and administration as would promote their best use In the public welfare, Forestry is the application of defi- nite scientific principles to the grow- | ing and using of. timber crops, the committee explained In justification of_its program. “Forestry is not a law compelling the planting of a new tree for every one cut or limiting the cut to certain | sizes and kinds of trees. Neither is it arbitrary control by any public | | body over private enterprise for fire | | prevention, although this is both im- | portant and necessary,” Mr. Pack said. The committee's conclusions are based on the ground that private en- terprise in forestry must be un- couraged and public activity fostered. ! It has recognized that because of the { long-time investment, hazards of fire, insect and storm, it will be necessary to \maintain large areas of public timberlands as a_ resource, although entire ownership is neither necessary nor desirable. In France, it is pointed out, this proportion amounts to 35 per cent; in Germany, 53 per cent; in_Sweden, 24 per cent. Private initiative in timber grow- ing, therefore, must be encouraged by showing the individual that he can grow timber at a profit. The committee s convinced, Mr. Pack as- serts, that private ownership and de Velopment can be attained by proper legislation and encouragementy 1 THE SUNDAY STAR, BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended Novem- ~ ber 24: issue is probably not dead, for though, to thelr credit, the Netherlanders are financlally a careful and conservative folk, the colonies are very dear. The government resigned on de- feat of the bill, but were asked by the queen to retain office for the present, and have not yet gone out. , WASHINGTON, D. C, NOVEMBER 25, 1923—PART 2. the occupying authorities. It is my under- standing _that with the signing of agreement on the 23d by representatives of the Stinnes and Thyssen groups, practically all industrial interests of the Ruhr and Rhineland have signed up. On November 22 Chancellor Stresemann went befcre the reichstag to defend his poli- H | without a plebiscite | ary military power to! pre- | | thre: l Great Britain—The election b tion by the labor party looking to the conservatives on th championship of free trade. test the liberals of Nr. B The is more a fives than a statement it condemns the policies o ment, hoth domestle and fo declares that o policy of pr crease rather than dimini the only cure for which, it found in the economic ment of Burape, to ration with th aceuses the conservatives messed and ultimately called proffer the of such tion, the labor in tions Rus 1 nation ldwin ot co f the Ameries " 3 with ot ar-cut issue of a tha protection would win hands down. paced p of tricle policy tra Ssue is n s puil out [ econc ry protectio industries is ttitude of the ives, such as rd Derby. time, tem British the 0 inde th Balfour The aimosphe ane of obseurity servatives not he inFenuous in that they seop of their proposed for the Uberals Llovd his unique mastery politienl arts—th example, Lloyd sanne treaty purest “bunk,” as that tr consequence of his own ne ms to be & general f tions will result in a polit * * The Netherlands.—It will be the other day a bill proposing ppropriation for ships of for the defense of the I s defeated in the lower hou « of tae Netherlands by 1t controve throughout bill was defeated, not becan Jority opinion schinst te contemplated by - expenditure proposed i precarious state of the able mintster of fnance st against s ssent b the and anitted taraf George Grorge d shameless” — he se. P I ir t * ¥ w i ‘unt £n for naval ve strength ted not be s to m hut e, she m 1sibly f the Bricish gover I prejudiced its chances. list reprosentation vot is eviden: that the m; lists in the lower house AS A BY JAMES M. LYNCH. Meient a Lach, 3 the TInternational New York (Former President o N 1864 it was proposed in New York ite to make organizations 1ge earners ineffective by making trikes illegal. During the recendly tened coal strike meaning byt poorl proposed the same it is quite possil strike threatened the cqmfort of number of people. In this day, how- ever, the legisla remedy of 1861 would not be given serious consider; tion. If it should be, and result in a law, it would be a viclous inciter of strikes and class bitterness. The effect of this attempt to throt- tle and make supine the organiza- tions of the wage earners was quite different from that sought by the pro- moters of the legislation. The work- ers awoke to the fact that they must organize for their legislative well citi- In many informed thing that some zens 1864 ve promptness and determination they not only brought about the de- feat of the .proposed law, but began affirmative action extending through all the years since 1564. history of these activities will be of value for the record, and also as an object lesson to those whose patience T hausted with the fullure of the day. The patience of the ploneer continued through all the years. They first determined on the remedy, and then they persisted until the ob- Jective was gained. Origin of Federation. The present New York State Fed- eration of Labor had its inception in mass meetings of representatives of existing labor unions held in New York city and Albany during Aprilj of 1564. These meetings were called to protest against the enactment of the bill introduced March 7 by Sena- tor Hastings, which by its terms ade it a misdemeanor for groups of T men to combine for the purpose of conducting a strike, the bill amending the statute in Telation to conspiracies and misdemeanors and carrying & penalty for violation of one year's §250, or bot Subsequen from the senal h. tly this bill was reported te judiciary cumsmlttlu; an of which was Senatol ::‘;‘enr‘;:z‘:‘r;‘ Folger, in more drastic orm and its title changed to read: “An act to punish unlawful forence with cmployers and em- ployes.” The amended bill became popularly known thereafter as (Bol- ger's anti-trades union strike bill. mass meeting cl;ry“%\'aa held on April 1. 1564, and approximately fifteen thousand work- oran were present. After several ad- dresses explanatory of the bill and the purpose of the meeting. a peti- tlon was signed and sent to the Senate protesting against the passage of the bill as “an infringement upon our rights and contrary to the spirit of free institutions. Anked to Pledge Votes. One speaker called upon all present to pledge themselves to defeat Sen- ator Folger for governor if ho be- came a candidate, as it was then gen- crally reported was his ambition. In 1882, when he was the republican can- didate for governor after serving in President Arthur's cabinet, defeated by Grover Cleveland by a plurality of 192,854. The meeting in Albany was followed by othér meet- A brief |3t imprisonment and a fine of | inter- | campaign skly on. Of first importance was the rejec- overtures from co-operation basis of common The liberals de- levy plank of labor's platform far more than they do the tariff proposals of nifesto of the reunited 1 cign and, of course, teetion” would fu’ unemployment, sserts, {fication and settle d_through co- 1d of more power on fmporta o of the campaizn is y onfusion of fail to mak: measure is of that most exquisite art of buncombe nees ty was the i st poli that a consider: r stch East Indie > of the ne v th desirability had its passig s to balance Minister Vi hases alleged ent for pass were for it. of | Capitol | Funto | in New York! | | he was|and in 1870 secured an amendment ! such questions as may s * % the against a Agr pse. the former crown price milital alliy conferenc: ba notes to Berlin conve the matters. On charge daffaires in note to the French fore sral party contrcl sent govern- Is” to b the former ero to the crown crown, and which from crmit the many. In wmbassadors of the f of Berlin's emperor, an ment’ for allow toa time e @ situ merely the government plications™ th: Curzon wre ne might are, having nrine were—let the other note 1 George muddled, the rment =0 1 nov one of fu i art whe ve th we i decid Al nmen Cecils monss Lord . rgminds its obi: missions ever likelihood of the lin protesses to fe the operations of obstructions, the measures (o * Thix ne had propos the particular in effect non- clear the nd ng of When, for the Lau- talking 1 seriou n the disp!, ¥ the The able t tions and the obligation ment to facilitate such the inspe s will ne the immediate futur, tish co-ope 10us agreement ommissions v be inspected, the ccalled how ble and naval legis after a iry there wis cre t « most f Poine in e the pres- *s finan resigned w huds shal inspected h's he has take only will until reparati Rhineland will be he been ful to the will be pated only onstrat that the ment of Germany allownne M. To hold to an specting the sions would be to thoush it s, of renew ng with the British m_minor the re Poij uncomy the 1 eom as usug : other day umption withi nch terms (sens activity thro n the week i the W non- The Germany.—Well, the report that the entente was dead was exaggerated. lives; not exuberantly, to be sure, but it isn't cment was reached on allled procedure with reference to the returm to Germany of the activities in Germany: of the commission and i committee of aeros ing their decisions on November Paris ign office which quoted the document dated Decembe prince renounced his rights of Pruss conveyed a formal assur- his government that it would former emperor's return to their notes take judicial notic TMEr Crown prin concerning tion alre: responsib develop the e not to invest him w noble lord wri of the ambass vernment th the ni 1 Boinz to resume opera ions under the treaty facility re allie difference, titude, and it seem h the right to resume insp is British commissloners Assion not ctivities of sacrit to he expressed hout &r * ¥ cles. The entente still of and with reference to interallied the inter- ntec. The ched tw autic guars dors dis resigned. i prophet. had the pres German nted a 1, 1918, by which S€ and the imperia Ot Ger- to Berlin the so to speak, renunciation and the former the Berlin gov- Frederick William to n his presence might ady sufliciently com- will hold “eom- quence., is in w vishnes: her about th a aiming eral charge then, does portant ing Again 1 public. ened son of the pointed prevent stars better than of an the note, of nobl d not to tion rded tee of purpose of issued in d thit are comine Eovernment of to give thos uired. minim mplication res that, sion v €x from it da the man s d dee m should with rnment will ition of the he note Polr not® specify Hies would put obstruction or of course, is prob- Cook, in a federa with purpo: a “confidenc Producers® A o fourt publics Cook 1 the ar world's time. H ites on th Philistine doctor— RS are of the Gern are strongly asserted, ount to much in ason of withhold- n govern- £ the members of the required as to the which it follows hold off th auses of the violated will s followed M it Zo at t o de of th complete until th con The upon an absolu d_forees and in excess Eocd titud rol commis hope, fr s pament agrant are h letting Nov was that con- the Y latter dem- uhr at hut rmition and ar ! is 1t Cl old to re o ro; chi ] 1 of & fr pli is T a paril ky hills not the near bly mod future o d) of indus the occupicd region. itest chemical ned be ten xn agres To placate the “partial progressive 5 of a kind of martial law, known as the “ex- ceptional state, Germany 1or two months now. strong card in inti obtaining credits for food and raw materfals rested on continuance of his government. the internal sit manly statement. before the reichstag and asked for a vote of The reischstag repudiated him, 230 Now what? this han chew myself with remarking t reputation of an honest champion of the re- wut, enough stribution farmer will its being. in of rene vicious clashes. en_year: the of mendacity test ma jurors nd the we 1 to lament that he had never 1 jatl. indicated. removed state impe under eleven artie Diritish “Peel Island,” tnclosin discovery i he promised of the sort soclalists revocation” which has been in force in He played a ating that Germany’s hope foreign, especially American, He declared ation hopeless, not exactly a The next day he again went he and his rump cabinet cupon 1 eschew the role of On the day of Stresemann’s fall Gen. von kt, commander-in-chief of the reichswehr, ordered dissolution of the party organizations of the extremist groups of left and right, in- cluding the communist party, the nationalist party, the liberty part and tl ist party (Hitler's), on the specific charge of to corrupt the reichswehr and the gen- ¢ national social- activities. What, more im- of subversive move, conceivably Stresemann's fall, portend? the role of seer and content on Seeckt has the Meantime the danger continues—is height- of an frremediable catastrophe by rea- food situation. There is, as I have food in the country to Ation (the crops are 40 per cent ast year's). The problem is one and has been created by the of all value in the mark, which not accept in_exchange for roduce « new rentenmark ¢ be found answerable for the 1t i of course, being reetly small quantities. Reports wed rioting, plundering ¥k k% United States of America.—Dr. Frederick A one time explorer, has been found guilty 1 court in Tex climber and arctic by jury of using the mails to defraud in connection with «cheme known as the Petroleum ociation, and has been sentenced nine months in j2il. Re- ungrateful. Dr. periean exponent of ay, he is perhaps the exponent ‘of that art of all v be said to have put the United rtistic map. But, perhaps, the have unwittingly done ld—a service. Mark Tw erved time, had been pro- the doe- mountain a s in what great works stobiography James C. Walton of Okla- from offic governor the state senate. sitting iment, finding him guilty s of impeachment or 10 r. * %k Kk % me would about the Japa naval base t the Island of Tsitsi Shima (or ma?), * Father Island,” known of and American in the Ponin group. Iy submere like to have full ‘nt deep lagoon um pro My entran e Rom as gre. of twenty-fiv million years ition_of the Am -w York eity) 1 paleontological dinosaur egis by the third 1 Museum of embryo UNION MAN SEES 1 centers where the labor unions existed. At of them similar petitions o signed_and a suggestion made “w York meeting that a & ganization be formed to care slative interests at the orsed. A jo'nt com- was organized to’ visit the znd see that the petitions the officers of the Senate and mitten was h sgemb This committen was o roport to the va Senator Hastings with the un Sc . m smended bl whole to th a public 1 when_org: first ti enabled later us centers that had on April 11, nimous consent of the ved to regfmmit the from committes of the judiciary y aring. After the nized labor's voice we heard in the ate legislature, the conholed and died In committee. First Founded in 1863, As @ resnlt of this experience the labor unions of the state sent dele- sates to a called convention in Alhany on February 26. 1865, and the first “state organization of labor founded, under the title | York State Trades As- 3 In September of the same | year, when tha body met again to| discuss the rosnlts of legisiation. its name was changed to “Working- men’s Assembly of the State of New hearing. welfare, and they did it with suclul‘"rk' that Tn 1898, when the state branch of the American Federation of TLahor was ama'samated with the Working- men's Assemblv. the title was again changed to “Workingmen's Federa- tion of the State of New York.” and at the Niaeara Falla convention in when all vestizes of the Kn'ghts of Labor. which had maintained a| form of state erzanization for some | vears, had disanpeared. the prasent | titla was adopted as ineclusive of all rganized men and weomen workers | of the state exclusive of the four rail- road brotherhoods, which maintain state legislative hoards that net in unison and in co-oneration with the New York Stata Federation of Lahor on a1l matters of logis'ation and non- partizan political action. Veterans Among Members, The first state organization meet- ing, composed largely of civil war veterans, declared the objects of the body thus formed were: I “To agitate ! be for the| the working classes in benefit of lorder that we may obtain the enact- ment of such measures by the state legislature as will be beneficial to all of us, and the repeal of all op- pressive laws which now exist: to use all means consistent with honorj and integrity to so correct the abuses under which the working classes arc laboring as to insure to them their just rights and privileges; to use our utmost endeavors to impress upon the various divisions of working men the necessity of a close and thorough organization, and of forming them- selves into local unions wherever practicable.” When that declaration was made nearly all statute law of this state and the common law Inherited from colonial days relating to workers was of the disciplinary “master and serv- ant” type. In the almost sixty years that have elapsed, almost entirely through the efforts of this state as- sociation of trades and labor unions, those undemocratic statutes and lega precedent have been completely re- moved and a great code of labor laws erected with an administrative de- partment for their enforcement. Sought Reform in Laws. From the outset the workingmen's assembly sought reform of the so- called “conspiracy law,” which ham- pered development of labor unions, providing that it “shall not be con- strued in any court of this state to restrict or prohibit the orderly and ings throughout the state in indus- peaceable assembling or co-operation of persons employed sion, trade or handicraft, for the p pose of securing an advance in rates of wages or compensation, for the maintenance of such rate the latter clause fully legalizing th acts of unions in ordering strike: and conducting them In 1539 a bill pas: day a legal holiday. TF it was made unlawful to require as a condition of employment tt worker should not belong union, and employment agencie brouxht under state regulat enactment in 1889 corporatio apelled to pay wases in o cusiom of requiring en only in company stor t them without was abolish labels were legs this r. Regulation of the hours ted, street and steam surface railroads was secured in 1857, and in 1890 railroads were made re- sponsible for wages of employes of contractors with railroads in an ef- fort to protect from the padrone system. Other Great Projects. Meanwhile two other great proj- ects of organized labor had also been steadily pushed forward from the beginning by the State Working- men’'s Assembly and its successors while these foundations of our pres- ent code of labor laws were being laid. These were the development of free public educationsand abolition of contract pricon labor. Free pub- lic schools, which had been originally in any profes. king Labor same year wes By were <h and \wes to which of n. real Unio same laborers | | the demanded in a mass meeting of or-| ganized wage-earners during 1826 In New York city, were finally brought into some semblance of reality after the civil war and under the admin- tstration of Gov. Hill, who had en- tored public life as a Knights of Labor candidate. In co-operation with demands of the workers, a law was enacted pro- viling for compulsory education of the youth of the state In free public schools, the effect of which was to remove many children from grinding | factory toil and restore to them their heritage of equality of opportunity to seek the rudimen ! hunters in that country how to use! ts of knowledge | the “catnip lure” developed by and an open door to a better life. | The principle of compulsory attend- ance -of minors at school was con- tained in the apprenticeship law of memorial to by the de the contraet convicts, with ion was put in ented a headed of ne ganizations pr that _convention mand for ab system of the result that the new constitution ever the contract system tuting the present te use of the ducts of prison labor. Organized bor of the stat ade a campaign the adoption of the new constitu- tion. and whe votes were count- #d on election day, 1894, the susta and substi- t e | campaign of thirty in victory. M. active in s unfettered 1 It who were that have apire state ving tod: urfng the la jor in the is surm d that th will be progress that has b n made through the brief statement of its high lights. These had their many days of discourage- ment and their oft-recurring convic- tion that the progress they were mak- ing was not worth the effort. Every labor enthusiast, every worker for progress. every toiler on the rough and upward way has hod the same feeling. But when progre by five-yvear periods and by decades tien comes into view the re picture, and then renewed determina tion to con And that is the spirit that e: v makes the world @ better place to live in than it was esterday. Because the progress of labor legis- lation in New York state has been an inspiration and a model for all of other states in its outstanding features, the next article will review the genesis and the growth of the New York state department of labor into the gr instrument for good that it is today. (Copyright, 1023, by the McClure Newspaper India Asks U. S. * Of ‘Catnip Lure’ E men India wants Uncle Sam to teach the United States Department of Agricul- ture as a help in trapping predatory animals of the cat kind. This little 1871 secured by the exertions of the!trick has been heard of far overseas, State Workingmen's Assembly, and|ag jg evidenced by | Highelere, that law may therefore be said to be the base upon which our present sys- tem of compulsory school attendance to the eighteenth year is erected. Convict Labor Issue, The effort to abolish the evils of contract employment of convicts in competition with free workers and private industry involved a long struggle with the beneficiaries of that system, the contractors, who en- joved an easy and large profit from such debasement of industry. It in- vaded every important Industry of the state, and it was the subject of numerous investiga- tions by legislative committees. Or- ganized labor advocated from the beginning the state use plan of em- vloying of prison labor, and in 1882 the workmen's assembly established a state political branch, which ex- isted until 1888, whose principal ef- forts were directed toward electing legi-lators favorable to the abolition of contract convict labor as the chief plank in its legislative program. At one time there was in the legis- lature a group of eight legislators whose nomination and election had been accomplished by the political branch. But it was not until the con- stitutional convention of 1894 that all this campaigning brought any ap- preciable results The state labor or- Sam’s huntefs, | letter from Madura dis- a Kodaikanal, trict, India. This lure was developed some months ago by the biological survey, and it is now being used extensively in the western states in trapping cougars and bobcats, which prey on live stock and game. The first hint of the efficacy of catnip as a lure for wild animals of the cat family came to Dr. A. K. Fisher of the biological survey at the New York Zoological Park {n 15898, He chanced to carry a sprig of catnip in his hand and noticed that one of the lions seemed to take an unusual interest in him. He threw the catnip into the cage, to the great delight of the big cat, which acted much as domestic_cats do over a similar of- fering. Dr. Fisher reported that the lion fell on the small sprig and gave evidence of great pleasure. A few years later one of the de- partment'’s hunters used catnip, at Dr. Fisher's suggestion, in trapping a bobeat. The department’s interest was aroused to such an extent that, being unable to find any company which manufactured catnip ofl, the government itself undertook to Erow catnip and extract the oil Just a little more than a pound of oil to a ton of the grcen plant was recovered. The department's practice now is to mix the catnip oil with oil of petro- latum, which prevents the scent from escaping too rapidly. This combina- tion is being used regularly by Uncle — abolishing for- sl they read the | surprised at the | and women undoubtedly | s is viewed | GERMAN CROWN PRINCE’S RUSE IN INDIA REVEALED Disappearance on Eve of Big Fete Laid to Secret Trip to See Fair Lady. Eastern Tour Then Canceled. Editor's note—Up to the pi Tndin has been to most Amerfen unreal land, made familisr more fhrongh genius ‘of Rudyari Kipling than by 1o of any actunl afinity with American Ts and aspirations. In the past ten years, however. Ind'a has heen steadily advancing on the path of self-gavernment. ditical situntion has developed point of world-wide concern, and ade prom'ses to he the most int the Distory of this great empie of the ens Two articles written especially for this PADEr by a man of over thirty vears' ex in Indian fournalism not only dis. e facts long hidden in the channels of d'plomatlc secrecy, but throw a vivid sidelight upon the mocial and political life of this newly awa! nation. BY E. J. BUCK, C. B. E. (Reuter’s Agent With the Govern- ment of India.) Y connection with journalism in India now extends well over thirty years, for It was in the elghties that I joined i ernment of India at Simla and Cal- cutta, and during that time I have | had numerous what may be called journalictic adventures and experi- ences, some of which I now intend to relat, | These reminlscenses inter alia a/few storie yet told, will contain , probably not regarding the serious Aif- fere between Lord Curzon (the viceroy) and Lord Kitchener (the commander-in-chief), which led to the former's resignation in 1903, the bombing of Lord Harding at Delm by Indian anarchists, and the German Crown Prince’s romantic adventure during his Indian tour twelve vears ago. The serfous difference which curred between Lord Curzon and Lord Kitchener over the military ad- ministration question in 1905, and {which ended in the resignation of Lord Curzon, was an exciting time in the history of India, and in a way it was the most difficult summer which I ever spent in Simla. Curzon Conveys Complaint. I recollect Lord Curzon telling me one day while the controversy raged that he had just received a te from the prime minis certain of my me s source of considerable embarrass- ment to the home government. I also remember suggesting to him that he should resign because I felt !sure Lord Kitchener's great popular- ity with the British public would {certainly prevent the cabinet suport- {ing the viceroy against the com | mander-in-chief if things came to & e r saying that were a Lord Curzon told me he = had not taken my ad he characteristically adde » amazed at n audacity ,having dared to speak to him about tesignation as 1 had done. However, 1 I received letters whi to #ay, 1 prize, from both the nd minander-in-ch r what I had done Kitchener's Bad Fall. In November, 1903, Lord Kitchener d a serious fall from his hor {a tunnel on the Simla-Mashobra road {leading out to Wildflower Hall, then {his country house in the woods, |about six miles distant from Simla. fon the commander-in- leg rather badly and the following year found him still }lame from the ts of the fall. T have for many vears made it a point each awgumn to enjoy a few pheasant and chikore = (partridge) hooting in the hills, and I remember rranging the first hill shoot Lord Kitchener enjoved, near Simla, in the little neighboring hill state of Dhami Later on T went out for a couple of days into camp with Lord Kitch- ener, Maj. Frank Maxwell. V. C.. and Ma). R: Barnes, A D. C. Maxwell a very gallant soldier, afterwards became military secretary to Lord Hardinge. 4 fell as a | general France, in 1917, Ba 1 think manded the 10th Hussars Guests of Raja of Junga. Well, w shooting { Junga hi some from Sim the Junga, a fin srisman liant shot, who has also pas: our ‘most excellent host. Kitchener, a very keen bLut by no means a reliable shot. was carried over most of the steep ground in a palanquin by some dozen stalwart nill men and, after a hard and tiring morning, we all sat down to lunch on the hiliside in an uncommonly hot and stuffy valley. I remember very well how Lord Kitchener enjoyed a remarkably gen- erous modicum of bottled beer on that occasion, and how. later on, when the kitmatgar (Indian waiter) produced a particularly large glass of port and handed it to the com- mander-in-chief, Maxwell frowned at me heavily, and I ejaculated, “Good Lord “What's matter? Kitchener. “Surely, sir” I said, going to drink port In t after all that beer?” in September, twenty Ra, and bril- the ?" sald Lord ou're not heat and Reuters as their agent with the gov- | ' oc- gram | in! brigadier | ventually com- | “Whv not,” growled the chief “Well. vou'll not hit any more b if you do,” T rejoined. Sends Glaxs Away. And a minute afterward, e very annoyed, he said gruffly, | (take away) to the serva {and Frank Maxwell murmured, “Well done.” “An hour or so later ths beat sre again at work and we wer s the side of a difficult and precipitons khid. 1 was a iittle be- low Lord Kitchener, when there wa |2 cry of ata (coming) from _the beaters and a fine old_cock kaleg (pheasant) came swinging at a tre mendous speed down the steep hill side. Bang! And the some thirty yard: | killed by A minute or two later a small kar | (burking deer) tore down throug | the scrub in fr chief z | rome eighty yards. picked up his rifle an over with a really spl have seen many hundr ful shots In the Himal two finer ones than thosc | ener happened to make on that oc casion. Then came his voice ring entls Damn, ird crashed dowr below me d _toppled ndid shot. ds of success s, but neve Lord Kitch sir,” shouted I in return Protests About Drink, “Did you see two erfed an exultant vofce. I shouted again did shots, both of therr Why the didn't you let was all I got | camp fire in the the sam jand {wouta le the Gifference to the shooting 1 message of tha le person on i use it |after o good deal that sent from Cal man crown price, th of his staff, in wh edged his government rangem ndia The prince’s when thos shot slight ' ks, obtatne St the ¢ the tru advent; he ¢l 1 Governy whers n Hews ernor, and tr has, I believe, and | The ars, or own prince. that time woul journey beir is mind in t wotor to Alluhab dy in that s his way room fc did not e: on dut went off at habad. But the believed to be nine y 160. Pet prince, after som or two across country boat & ti down the S Rides In Traln Bunk. chauffeur him told him mc | he was quit: would he who hung the river, raflway and carried journey. The re- made at night in arriage in which reached All the object of his turn journey was an ord ou o the three Meanwhile, the | the crown prines sternat and of telesrams nd n ured the | cars witl it 1 ;'rh, to his exploit as sting adventure, during had seen *the real Indi But it was «n open secret that the senfor members of his staff were ver: seriously exercised at his conduc and remonstrated with him fn no uncertain terms. At the time, too no efforts were spared to hide tho real facts from the press and public in India. t there is good reason for belleving that the news of this somewhat romantic episodo was com municated to Berlin and, combine t with other incidents, had something lto do with the somewhat abrupt can cellation of the crown prince's pre posed tour to the far east (To continued tomorrow.) alluded States and Canada cwspaper Ailiance oserved.) (Copyright, 192 by North Am AU R in Un s 1t {Industrial Movies Given Impetus (Continued from First Page.) government little or nothinz, because the total expense of producing the picture and making copi>s has been borne by the industries filmed, which have invariably shown a somméndai spirit of co-operation and_apbp tion of the advertising value of the film as a direct return for the money spent. The Department of Agriculture i: also giving American busmess mew impetus and better prolucts throush extensive motion picture distribution. This work has grown to be such an important part of the Departmen: of Agriculture’s work that a special studio bullding kas been erected Washington for thig activity. these fiims produced and diste by the Department of Agriculture ure intended primarily for the use of ex- tension and field workers Lf th2 de- partment and of officially co-operat- ing institutions, they have bheen al- ready a direct money-ail to Ameri- can business by begetling beiter 2gri- cultural methods and effecting an improved situation between other business and agriculture. “Wool to Cloth.” For example “From Wool to Cloth,” shows: Wool sorted and weighed at ~arehouse; buyers purchasing wool from sample clips; the Lowell Tex- tile School; wool sorted by hand and cleaned and washed by machinery; wool carded and wound by machines; wool twisted into yarn of various grades; then woven into cloth; the fifteen processes of shrinking, singe- ing, etc, through which the cloth is passed after weaving. Another example—"Dust Explosions in Mills_and Elevators"—illustrat Some of the causes, results and means of preventing grain dust ex- plosions in mills and clevators; lab- oratory tests showing the inflamma- bility of grain dusts a«’ the veloc- ity of propagation; resuits of five By Secretary of Interior Work ] dust explosions which occurred dur |ing the summer of 1919; suctio | sweeps, revolving dampers and other preventive devices—all ~of whicl | preaches a “safety lesson t | some big industries “Brick—from Cla shows the process of clay througi the factory until it is 1 th roads as vitrified paving brick, Sim ilar pictures show the construction asphaltic concrete and sheet asphal roads as approved by the bureau o public roads in administering the fed eral aid road act, and granite block paving from the quarry to the finishe pavement in large citles. S improved highways of this country have been of so great value to Amer- ican business In affordmg much-need- ed avenues of transportation, theso films are of direct and considerablo interest to the managers of great in- dustries and helnful agencies in “bet- ter business,” which is the objectivo of advertising. ‘Production’s Pulse” is a film which shows how the governmen crop reports are made by the work of 215,000 crop reporters, and how they are released to the public, plac- ing the farmer on a par with th speculator in farm products. Th crop report is followed from the fleld to the newspaper. These are but illustrations of how the hundreds of agricultural depart- ment films directly affect business and have in manv instances a strong industrial advertising value. v to Pavem t Irony of Fate. It is one of the curious ironies of history that Constantinople, by tho |free will of the Turks themselves, [should cease to be the capital of the Turkish nation. Historlans consider the change recently quictly decided upon as next in importance only to the change when Constantinople dis |placed Rome. Already old when Cor | stantine made his capital there, Con stantinople was the last rampart o European culture when the frst cru- saders entered it,