Evening Star Newspaper, December 31, 1922, Page 10

‘WASHINGTON, D. C, . THE SUNDAY STAR, 10 " DECEMBER 31, 1922—PART 1. STORY OF 1922 AT HOME AND ABROAD BRIEFLY TOLD. ' Outstanding 86,000 eniisted men, respectively, were passed, and $17,000,000 was appropri- ated for soldiers’ hospitals. mandate there and throw over Fesal and his kingdom of Araq, which is in- cluded in_ that territory, In return for Features (_)f ‘- PROSPERITY, STRIKES, AMONG .CHIEF EVENTS Thio tnatier ot ‘the. control’ oF ‘the Past Y : R e on Bl or_course ECONOMIC ' AT A e B A as ear. took -a long time {n the making. It finally %as completed and was signed by the President on September 21. One notable feature is a provision giving the President power to lower or raise certain rates when he thinks conditions of foreign trade warrant. Congress adjourned on‘ September 22, and as it had failed to take any action on a_ship subsidy measure cne | President called an extra scsslon to Jealous contention. Ostensibly, Great Britain wished them to be open to all. Russia supported the demand of the Kemalists that the control be vested In Turkey alone, with guar- antees for the freedom of the waters. On November 21 Adrianople and east- ern Thrace were turned over to the 1 Turks, but the allies retatned military IN EUROPE OCCUPIES NATIONAL. Prosperity returns with normalcy. Strikes of miners and seilway shopmen. IN THE UNITED STATES General Upsets in November, Elections Reflect Unsettled Conditions | | [} of Country. BY EDWARD W. PICKARD. Momentous events and develop- nts marked the year 1922, both at home and abroad. In America these included the gréat strikes of coal :niners and railroad shopmen, the s assage by Congress of a new tariff 141l and the general defeat of the re- ublican party in the November elec- ons. Among the most noteworthy ents elsewhere were the establish- of the Irish Free State, the ion of a new Pope, the rout of “he Greeks Minor and the re- iseneration e Tuxkish state, fol- Jowed by the near east peace con= ce at Lausanne; the downfall of se Minister Lloyd George and the triumph of the fascisti in Italy. Although the people of the United merity _throughout year, they svere discontented and dissatisfied, ind showed it when they went to the Solls in November. Seemingly they “id not like the new tariff law, and the big strikes and the mattet of yrohibition enforcement also had their cffect then. Economic and snancial conditions In some of the Jluropean countries showed little or Y0 improvement, due in part to the continued state of unsettlement con- cerning the German reparations and o the remewed turmoll in the near cast. Other countries, notably Italy and Czechoslovakia, moved definitely toward stabilization and prosperity. “ommunism and socialism suffered ‘a emendous setback in Italy when the fascisti rebelled against those doc- trines and took over the control of the government. As In 1921. December was marked v an international conference in Washington. for President Harding had invited the Central American re- publics to send delegates there to Giscuss limitation of armaments and other questions. They met on De- cember 4 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS January found the great powers £till engaged in formulating treaties und agreements in the Washington conference on armaments and Pacific ocean problems, and on February 1 the delegates, In plenary sgesslon, sdopted the five-power naval limita- tlon treaty with an agreement on Pa- cific fortifications; passed resolutions eeclaring the open door in China and approved a treaty for the restriction ©f the use of poison gas and sutma- rines In warfare. At the same time Mr. Balfour announced _that Great Britain would restore Wel-Hal-Wel to China. Three days later the con- ference approved a numbar of trea- tles designed to restore to China some of her lost liberties and passed a res- olution for the creation of an inter- national commission to revise the rules of warfare. On February € the delegates signed all the treaties and the conference adjourned sine dle, nnd in four days President Harding submitted the treaties to the Senate. Treattes Ratified. . Ey the end of March the Senate had ratified all these treaties. as well ns one with Japan, by which the troublesome question of American rights on the Island of Yap was set- tled. Great Britain and Japan also, 3n the course of time, ratifled the con- Yerence pacts. and, like the United States, took steps toward putting into offect the terms of the treaty on naval limitation. But France. more interested in her own troubles con- mected with the German reparatfons end with the developments in the Tiear east, delaved action. and her ex- nmple was followed by several small- er natlons. Thus the full effect of some of the treaties was lost for the time being. Rehabilitation of Europe, economic und financial, .was the great problem that confronted the world and, of course, its solution depended to a con- eiderable extent on a settlement of the «erman reparations matter. This had 110t been reached when the year came to a close. The allied commission, an international bankers’ committee and ~arious individuals struggled with the «uestion throughout the twelve smonths, but it wou'd be tedious to tell 1n detail of their efforts. The Ger- soans steadily maintained that com- nlete enforcement ‘of the treaty of ‘Versallles would ruin Germany and Ue disastrous for the rest of Europe, aithough Dr, Wirth, the chancellor. leld that Germany must and would :ltimately pay the' reparations bill Ber'in insisted that a long moratorium Ye granted on all payments and that an international loan to Germany be arranged. " France, depending on the reparations money for reconstruction and continually on the verge of bank- ruptcy. would not listen to propos! the | i 284, Equality-Walter - Reed Post Noterans of Foreign Wars, will hold jts first meeting of the new year Thursday evening at Pythian Temple, 3012 uth street northwest! at which time, under the leaderfhip of Com- mander Howard E. Chase, a program of activities will be inaugurajed for the coming year. It ls the Tesire of the commander to appoint an em- ployment committee and also place ad- ditional members on the hospital visit- {ug committee, and every member of the post 1s requested to be present at this {mportant meeting. The post is ly connected with Walter Reed Hospital and that hos- pital ts being .paid regular visits by the hospital committee, but it is the desire of this post that every umit of its wing for the express purpose - ) ependatie visits. 'The ing it regular di post will co-operats with any other unit Tor the purpose of presenting any suit- able entertainment in any hospital in or near Washington. At the request of Joseph Sparks, chairman of committes of the Charles R. the national rehabilitation American Legion, Col. director of the United has ar- ates enjoyed a fair amount of pros-. VETERANS OF GREAT WAR { tions for the reduction of the war bill, and from time to time made prepara-; tions to put into effect actions against Germany, such as occupying the Ruhr district and the national for- ests in the Rhineland. Always Great Britain objected to this until late in the year, when Bonar Law had suc- ceeded L'oyd George as prime minis- ter. Then it appeared the British : government might support such a | move by France when Germany should i | default” tn the. reparations payments due in January. Economie Conference. On April 10 an economic and finan- cial cenference, called by the allied supreme council, opened in Genoa. Germany and Russia were invited to participate, under certain restrictiens, but soon after the gessions began the delegates pf those two mnatlons con- cluded a_ treaty canceling their war debts and the treaty of Brest-Litovsk and establishyng full diplomatic rela- tion. Surprised and angered, the : great powers, despite the protests of I the neutrals, barred the Germans from further participation i1 the dis- i cussion of Russian affairs, which was ! the most important subject before the conference then. The allled nations 1 offered to give financial ald to Russia | under certain conditions, but Belgium refused to agree to this, and a day or two later the French withdrew their assent, charging that Lloyd George was practicing trickery to gain com. trol of the Russian oil flelds. Mean. while the soviet delegates were mak- irg such excessive demands that the uselessness of further negotiations became evident and the conference adjourned after adopting an_eight- imonth truce with Russia. It was 2greed that another meeting to deal with Moscow* should be held at The Hague. The United States declined an invitation to this conference. This second meeting lasted from June 15 to July 20, and ended without result, because the other nations could not | stomach the excessive demands of the i Russians for credits in return for | concesstons. i Offensive Against Greeks. Mustapha Kemal Pasha and the Turkish nationalists, who had disa- vowed all the doings of the Turkish government at Constantinople, spent the summer in secretely preparing for a great offensive against the Greeks in Anatolia. They opened the attack on Augtst 23 and toock the enemy completely by surprise. Within one week the Greek armies had been| routed and driven back to Smyrna and other coast positions and Athens was asking for an armistice and agreeing to get out of Asia Minor. Kemal occupied Smyrfia on Septem- Iber 9, and five days later a large |part of the city was destroyed by iflames. At first the Turkish troops | were blamed for this, but later de- velopments indicated the conflagra- tion was started by the floeing Greeks ! and by looters. Great Britain, which | had been sponsor fo rthe Greek ven-: ture in Asia Minor, was alarmed by the expressed intention of the na- tionalists to take possession of Con- stantinople and the rest of fhe old! Turkish empire, and she called on jher dominions and France, Italy, Serbla, Rumania and Greece to foin ! her in the defense of the Dardaneiles. | France, which had been giving nldl and oomfort to the Turks, and| Italy objected to military operations, against the Kemalists, and some of | the British dominions were notice- ably cool. Britain Takes Military Steps. However, Britain hurried reinforce- ments to her land and naval forces in the near east and let the Tur's and the world know that she would act alone if necessary. The allies an September 23 invited the national- ists to a peace conference. agreeing to return to them Constantinople and eastern Thrace in return for the aranteed freedom of the straits. emal insisted that Russia must be included, and the allies agreed that the soviet government should par- ticipate in settlement of the question of the Dardanelles. After several trying days, when war seemed al- most_unavoidable, the allies and na- tionalists met at Mudania on ober 3 to arrange an armistice. A week later a proticol was signed providing for. the. evacuation .of .esstern: Thrace by Greece within fifteen days and its delivery to Turkey within forty-five days, and, yielding to the Kemalists the civil control of Constantinople i pending a3 peace conference. This |conference opened in Lausanne, Switz- erland. November 20, with the pros- | pect of being long in session. The United States declined full partici- pation, but sent Ambassador Child. Minister Crew and Admiral Bristol to guard the interests of America and Americans, these being espe- clally in connection_with the oil flelds of Mosul. : 0 Frontiers Discussed. The conference had to deal with the frontiers of the Turkish state, both in Europe and In Mesopotamia, where the oil flelds are located, and there were indications that the Brit- ish would be willing to abandon their ] | 1 that each claimant entitled to compen- sation recelved a governmental check | for this by Christmas. The posts and departments of the leglon co-operated with the workers of the Veterans" Bu- reau In this ign. Officers of the Jane Delano Post No. 6, The American Legion are to be elected at the annual meeting next Tuesday night at 8 o'clock at 1337 K street. At the December meeting the nom- inations of officers were: For com- 1 er, Annie Harking; for senior vice commander, Alice Prentiss and Marfetta Plerson; for lor - vice col , _Harrlet Johnson and Hawthorne; for chaplain, Alice Prentiss and Clara e; for ser- geant-at-arms, and Sarah ! Corson; for master-at-arms, 'Graham and Rachael ;__for & Alma Louthan and Mary Siddall; for bhistorian, Alice . y Hertzer; for color bearers, Irene Robertson and Blanche McKim- mey. On Christmas eve members of the post visited the six mentally allf ex-service nurses at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, taking them baskets of fruit and other Christmas cheer. \These nurses are patients at St |Ellalbem'l as the result of the strain of over-seas service. Christmas cheer was also carried to ex-service nurseg ‘who are patients at Walter to members of the Veteran hospitals. { January, after dail etreann had ac- o | S eora. Wil control of Constantinople. ‘ Imternational Court Meets. The international permanent court of Jjustice, perhaps the greatest achlevement of the league of nations 80 far, held its first session in The Hague on February 15. The council of the league met in London on Julv 17, and five days Jater announced that| the British mandate for Palestine and the French mandate for Syria were approved. The assembly of the league began its annual session in Geneva September 4, with Augustin Edwards ef Chile presiding. Hungary was admitted to the league.” On May 15 the conference to settle the old Tacna-Arica dispute between Chile and Peru opened in Washington, and In due time came to a successful conclusion, adopting & compromise vlan suggested by Secretary Hughes. Colombia and Venezuela settled thelr boundary dispute on April 9. = thonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Albania were recognized by th. United Stares 13 sovereign states on July 27 FOREIGN AFFAIRS ‘With Michael Collins as its head. the provisional government of the Irish Free State was established in I cepted the treaty with England and De Valera had refused to accede. Im- mediately the republicans, now rebels, started & warfare that lasted throughqut the Year and was marked by innumerable assassinations and other outrages. The Free State forces gradually galned possession of most of the territory where the rebels were strong and the fighting degenerated into bushwhacking. On August £2, President Collins was killed in an am- buscade and Willlam Cosgrove was{ elected to succeed him. He offered am- | nesty to the rebels, but they decided to “fght _to the death.” Erskine Childers, chief ald of De Valera was captured and executed, as were other republican leaders. The Irish Free S'ate formally came into being on December 6, with Timothy Healy as governor general. Lloyd George Quits. Prime Minister Lloyd George held power through all the vicissitudes of the year until October 19. On that day the conservatives In parliameat decided to abandon the coalition and act In future as a separate party. The premier was thus deprived of kis majority and promptly resigned, with his cabinet. A. Bonar Law, chosen leader of the conservatives, succeeded him, formed a"new ministry and call- ed an election for Novemiber 15. At the palls he won_ control of parlia- ment. The. laborites made great gains and became the “opposition party.” Under the leadership of Benito Mus- solini, the fascistl of Italy, organized primarily to protect the country against the communists, fought a long_and successful battle. Gaining steadily in atrength, notably by the accession of many thousands of work- ing_men, thev saved the industries of Italy from the reds, and finally. dis- ‘watisfled with the weak policies of Premier Facta. compelled his resig- nation on October 26. Mussolini was made premier’and at once set to work ! to restore the prosperity of the coun- | try. The king and chamber of deputies | gave him full power to put into ef-| ect his contemplated reforms and; economic measures, and.as he had the support of most of the peonle, prospects for Italy were bright. Constantine Abdicates Again. Greece's disaster in Asia Minor re- ! sulted {n the second abdication of | King Constantine on September 26. in | the face of a revolt by the returnine ! troops. Next day the crown prince, | George, was sworn in as king and a new government installed. The revo- lutionists in contro! caused the arrest ! of various former cabinet officers and | generals on the charge of high trea-, son in connection with the debacle in ) Anatolla. and six of them, Including | three former premiers, were con- | demned to death. Great Britain tried | vainly to prevent the execution and then broke off relations with Greece, probably glad to get rid of an em- barrassing alllance. Prince Andrew, uncle of the king, also was tried and condemned, but escaped with exile. M. Briand resigned as premler of France on January 12 because his pol- icies at the Cannes conference were | opposed. He was succeeded by M. Poincare. whose policies included strict_enforcement of the treaty of Versallles. 3 Pope Benediet Dies. Pope Benedict XV dled on January | 22, and on February 2 the sacred col- | lege met in Rome te choose his suc- cessor. Four days later Cardinal| Achille Ratti, Archbishop of Milan, was elected, and on February 12 he: was crowned pope as Pius XL To the account of affairs in Turkey related above is to be added the down- ' fall of the sulton. Considered by the Angora government to be a tool of fall of the sultan. Considered by the ; traitor, he was deposed on November ' 1. The sovereignty of the nation was declared to be in the hands of the people and the name changed from Ottoman empire to state of Turkey. The dethroned ruler took refuge on Malta. On November 18 his nephew. Abdul Medjid Effendl, was elected caliph of the Moslem Church. Affairs in China were, as usual, al- most too confused for understanding. On April 21 Gen. Chang Tso Lin, gov- ernor. of Manchuria, seized Peking and | Tientsin, and on May 4 he was de-| feated by Gen. Wu and driven back into Manchuria. In June the old Chi- nese parliament met, President Tsu resigned and Li Yuan-Hung was made president. with Wu Ting-fang as premier. Sun Yat Sen, head of the southern China government, was driven out of Canton on June 16, but in August he turned up as the con- trolling figure in a conference in 1 | 1 the Disabled American Veterans, will this week return to this city, having spent Christmas at home in Buffalo. He has two engagements at the Cap- itp] on legislation affecting the dis- abled former service men and will discuss with General Sawyer the pro- gram for veteran hospitalization that )tl“ already been agreed upon by the wo. The D. A. V. is particularly anxious to expedite enactment of the Sweet bill, which would affect a number of changes in the Veterans' Bureau laws and d& compilation is now being ade of a number of other bills con- cern! rans which will be given consideration at the same time as the Sweet bill is discugsed. Capt. Cook hoj to _have hearings on the Sweet bill started shortly. Bursum bill will also receive the attention of Capt. Cook during his short “stay here. This measure would extend to the permanently dis- abled emergency officers of the Army the same rent privileges which go to.the disabled officers of the Regular Army, Navy, marines and ths emer- gency officers of the marine and naval reserve. - It is now in the House rili- tary affairs committee, having passed the Senate. - - National Capital Post, No. 127, Vot- erans of Foreign Wars, will meet F'ri- when the newly elected be installed by Depart-! mental * C der Anton Steph:n and staff. ymmander-elect Brandon announced that appointments of com- mittees will be made immediately after the Installation. —_— : Anon'g those' expected to be pres- ent at the reception and dance to be given at the Ebbitt Hotel tomorrow night the American Legion und the , Departmént of the Dis- trict of Coluiubla, are; Dr. Kite Wal- B T feo | that 1 {1aw and violaf iby the governm 'of Passage by Congress of new tariff bill. Upsets in November general elections. Big mine disasters and.train wreck. “Unusual number of prominent persons die FOREIGN.” ‘Rout of Greeks in Asia Minor. Regeneration of Turki: sh state. Near east peace conference at Lausannc: Downfall of- Prime Mi Triumph of fascisti in Establishment of Irish Election of new Pope. Shanghai called to establish a firm zovernment for united China. Events In Germany. Germany devoted herself through the year largely to efforts to evade the payment of reparations. to de- termined work to regain her foreign trade @nd to the printing of innu- merable billions of paper marks. The value of the mark fluctuated’ widely, reaching a low level of more than cight thousand for a dollar. On June 24 Dr. Walter Rathenau, forelgn min- ister, was assassinated in Berlin by reactionaries. Chancellor Wirth and his cabinet ‘were forced out of office November 14, and Wilhelm Cuno be- | came chancellor with a ministry in| which the socialists and communists were not included. The former kaiser married Princess Hermine of Reuss' at Doorn, Holland, on November &. Slowly returning to more normal conditions, Russia continued to seek money and recognitlon in exchange for industrial concessions. Late in the year the smaller soviet republics voted to join the government at Moscow. At the beginning of Decem- ber a conference between Russia and the new Baltic nations Poland and Finland, opened in soscow for the purpose of arranging treaties that would permit all of them to reduce their armies. Premier Lenin was seriously ill during much of the year, but resumed active direction of the government in October. Brazil celebrated the one hun- dredth anniversary of her independ- ence by the opening of a fine interna- tional exposition in Rio de Janeiro. Among the most honored of her guests was Sec) On November 15 Arthur Bernades was inaugurated president. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS As has been sald above, the people of the United States, despite the fact that they were relatively prosperous.: were not contented. Taxes, rentals and the prices of the necessities of lite remained too high, and the farmer especially complained because he did not recelve enough for the roducts of his toll. As usual. the \nxnr(\ d itself at the polls. What many considered the conserva- tism of the Harding administration was blamed, with or without reason. As the primary clections in various states came along. the voters saw 2nd seized their chance, and frequent- 1y the more conservative candidates ere beaten by So-called prosres- Albert J. Beverldgo defeat enator New In Indlana; Lomn J. I"r’n{zier defeated Senator McCumber in North Dikota; Senators Johnson of Californla and La Follette of Wiscon- sin were triumphantly renominated Z'and there were manv other such instances. It was generally pre the democrats would win big ctories in the election on November the results justified the fore- In both House and Senate the n majority was tremendous- d Such well known figures Pont, Kellogs, Townsend. Pomerene and Poindexter A (nlureflolfllh@ e:lecé on was the Immense mafjority rolle :}p for Al Smith. democratic candidate for the governorship of New York. Prohibition Election Issue. uestion of prohibition and its un’{:rec:mem cut a considerable figure in the election and, though the drys claimed they still had control of Con- gress, the wets seemed to have made decided gains by the victory of candi- dates who were in favor of ‘modifica- tion of the Volstead act. Among these were Reed of Missouri and Edwards of New Jersey, democrats, elected to the Senate. Volstead him- self was defeated, but by another ry. Efforts to enforce the prohibition L tions of it absorbed a t of time and money, and he difficulties encountered ent in this a!‘ren?lh- ened the cause of the organizations formed to bring about the “liberali zation” of the enforcement act so as fo permit the manufacture and use beers and light wines, and ulti- mately the repeal of the eighteenth amendment itself. On October 6 At- Yorney _General Daugherty ruled liquor off all American ships through- out the world and declared foreign ships could not enter American ports if they carried liquor, sealed or un- sealed. Great commotion ensued, but the ruling was upheld by Federal Judge Hand in New York. The cases initiated in behalf of various steam- ship companles were carried to higher courts, and enforcement of the ruling against foreign vessels was' tem- porararily held up. Attorney General’ Daugherty was the object of continual -attacks throughout the year, his opponents charging him with undue delay in prosecuting war profiteers, appoint- ment of men whom he knew to be unfit, favoritism and general sub- servience to Wall street. From time to time he defended himself vigor- vi 7, and cast. repulallm were ‘vast amoun! it may be tl ‘The State Historic Committee, D. A. R., at its December meeting was ad- dressed by fhe field socretary of thé Natlonal Association for Constitu- tional Government, Miss Hermine Schwed, who warned against social- ism in all forms. Mrs. Abbott presented her final re- port on the federal directory, stating that the much discussed word “raged” in connection with the Francls Scott Key house, was being ler tt, national ns-lden: of the auxiliary; Watson B. Miller, nation: vice commander of the #Américan glon; Jobn L. Smith, comminder Department of District of Columbila American Legion. No. 19 Amer- mlu usual New. * The Tank Oofrl P ican Legion, will hold Year eve party, starting at midnight tonight, Mount ' Masonic Temple, 14th and Kenyon streets northwest. Special efftertain- ment features will be provided, in- cluding a novelty dance by members of the post. Among the guests of honor will be Joe Sparks, chairman of the national rehabilitation ¢tom- mittee of the Americin Legion, and ‘Watson B. ler, national vice mander. The committee in caarge of the dance 1s composed of O. E. Wh! gmlrmnn; Frank L. Peckham and G. e 5 - retary of State Hughes. | predicted { D. A. R. ACTIVITIES nister Lloyd George. Italy. Free State. ously but certain groups in Congress urged his impeachment. Meanwhile the Department of Justice did start legal proceedings, against a number of alleged war profiteers. Diplomatic Appointments. Among the diplomatic appointments made by the President wete: Henry b, Flelcher, ambassador to Belgium; A. B. Houghton, ambassador to Germany; Theodore Brentano, minister to Hun- gary; H. Washburn, minister to jAustria, and A. H. Geissler, minister to_Guatemala. ,,The Supreme Court on February 27 ruled thal the ‘woman suffrage amendment to the Constitution was constitutional, and on May 1 it upheld the packers' control act. .June 5 it handed down ap important opinion to the effect that labor organizations can be sued for violations of the Sherman anti-trust law. By a decision an- nounced on November 13 Japanese are not eligible to naturalization. Asso- ciate Justice John A. Clarke resigned September 4, to devote himself to pro- motion of United States membership in the league of mations,.and former Senator George H: Sutherland of Utal was appointed to succeed him. Om October 21 Associate Justice Day also resigned, having been made umpire on the American-German claims commis- sion. President Harding selected Pierce Butler, an eminent lawyer of St Paul, Minn., to fiil the vacancy. Kenesaw M. Landis, the able and spectacular federal district judge of Chicago, left the bench on March 1 to take the position of Ligh commis- sioner of organized base ball. His place was not filled unul July 11, | when James H. Wilkerson was ap- pointed. One man left the President's cabinet—Postmaster Will Hays, who quit to become supreme head of the moving-picture industry. Dr. Hubert Work succceded him. Gen. Charles M. Dawes retired from the position of director of the budget July 1, Gen. Lord taking the post Herrin Massacre. | . One of the most siocking events of the year took place in Iiltnols on June 22 “Strikebreakers and guards at a coal mine at Herrin, Williamson coun- ty, after beinz attucked by striking miners, surrendered, and ntneteen of tl em wWere at once brutally massocred. The community and some of its offi- clals seemed largely in sympathy with the murderérs, and for a long time it was doubtful whether they would be brought to justice. The state law officers took charge, and In September many of the members of the mob were indicted. Amorg the noteworthy conventions of the year were tiat of women of Pan-America in Baltimore in_ April; ithe triennial conclave of the Episco- palian Church in Seattle in Septem- ber; the G. A. R. national encamp- ment at Des Moincs in September, Dr. J. W. Willett of Towa being elected commander-in-chief, and the conven- tion of the American Legion in New Orleans in October, Alvin M. Owsley of Texas being elected Lational com- mander. The centenary of U. 8. Grant's birth was celébrated on April 27, and on May 30 the great Lincoin Memorial in Washington was dedicated. Newberry Resigns. Truman H. Newberry of Michigan, chose right to a seat in the Senate was upheld by that body on January 12, grew weary of the continual fight | | November 18. Gov. Groesbeck ap- pointed Mayor James Couzens of De- troit to fill out the term. For the first time in history the Unfted States Senate had a woman senator. When Tom Watson of Georgla dled-Gov. Hardwick appoint- ed Mrs. W. H. Felton, a veteran suf- fragist, to the vacancy, pending an clection. W. F. George was elected to the place, but when Congress met in extra sesslon he withheld his creden- tials long enough for Mrg. Felton o be sworn In and serve one day. NATIONAL LEGISLATION One of the first acts of Congress in the year was the passage of the for- eign debt refunding bill, with a limit for payment set at twenty-five years. The House in January also passed the Dyer anti-lynching bill, but it got no farther until December. when the democrats in the Senate filibustered it to death. The co-operative marketing bill was enacted in February. On March 23 the House passed the sol- bitter fight. it went through the Sen- ate on August 31. President Harding had warned Congress the measure was _entirely unacceptable to him, chiefly because it provided no means of ?l!lng the money to pay the bonts, and on September 19 he vetoed it. The House overrode the veto, but the Senate sustained it. .The agita- tion for such legislation was inces- sant, however, and new bills were in- troduded before the year closed. Military Appropriations. Appropriation bills for the Army and Navy. providing for 133.000 and changed -in the new books tog “re- model,” as some of the original house Several of the older historians rose to compliment Mrs.| ) ¢ the national organization; Mrs. s still there. Abbott upon her work. Mrs. Greenwalt, a past' state re-|ine office of president general at the gent, read important letters relating | national & to the Key fiouse and its more per- sonal history. Mrs. Hardy, state re- gent, came in during the meeting. was recently entertained by Mrs. T. Curry at lunchéon, followed by the D. A. R. business meeting, Miss Caro- “ene’ M. 'Smith, regent, presiding. Plans were.- discussed for- ralsing money for benevolences and other chapter work for the coming year. The January meeting will be an eve- nln{ meeting at the home of the"Te- gen! E_Pluribus Unum Chapter, D. A. R., held .its third meeting at the home of Mrs.' T. Knappen, with Miss H. Lander, Miss C. Brown and M Ethel Gregory as assisting hostesses. The usual routine of business was conducted, after which Christmas carols were sung by the chapter. made to unseat him znd resigned on diers’ bonus bill and, after a long and ' Patriots’ Memorial Chapter, D. A. R., meet on November 20, mainly to con- sider such a bill. The House passed it on November 29. The extra session merged into the regular session on December 4. P LABORANDINDUS’I'RIALI Bulking large In the affairs of America were the two big strikes, of the railway shopmen and the coal miners. In effect at the same time, they sevlously threatened the national well-being by disrupting traffic and causing - country:wide shortage of | fuel. Unable to reach an agreement with the mine cperators on the wage scale, the miners, both anthracite and bitu- | minous, went on strike April 1. In June and July President Farding con- ferred with representatives of both {sldes, and proposed that. the men re- turn to work at the old wages and that the new scale be arbitrated. His Iplan being rejected, he told the op- erators to reopen their mines under protection of federal troops and the flag. In only a few cases was this done. There were numerous local conflicts and some killings, and the price of coal threatened to become extortionate. Move Against Profiteering. To prevent profitcering, the govern- ment adopted a plan for the supervi- sion of production and distribution of coal on July 24, Operators and miners of the bituminous fields met at Cin- cinnatl, and, on August 15, signed an agreement ending the strike, the men winning virtually all their demands. A similar settlement of the anthracite strike wls made on September 2. It was admitted that the root of the trouble had not been reached and that another strike in the spring of 1923 was almost a certainty. Since there was still a_great shortage of coal. Conrad E. Spens was appointed fed- eral fuel director on September 22, Rallway Strike. The rallway strike followed an order of the Federal Rallway Labor Board, issued June 6, reducing the wages of the shopmen about $50,000,- 000 4 year. Other rail employes had thelr pay cut proportionately, but the shopmen were chosen to make: the fight. They quit work on July 1, an two days later were “outlawed” by the board. On July 14 they were re-| inforced Ly the stationary engineers, firemen and ollers. From the begin- ning the administration strove to bring about a settiement, but both sides were stubborn, the restoration, ;of seniority rights being the main) | stumbling block. President Harding ! warned tle strikers against interfer- | ence with muils or interstate trans- portation, and the agencles of tue government were active in enforcing !his orders. } Strike Violence. H Finding they could not tie up traffic, ‘lh(' strikers in many regions resorted to extreme violence, and even to mur- der. In the far west some of the Brotherhood of Trainmen members co-operated with them until ca led off | by their chlefs. Several traine loaded ! with passengers were abandoned in the deserts. Finally the government struck a vital blow at the strike. At- torney Genperal Daugherty, on Sep- i tember 1, obtalned from Judge ‘Vll-' kerson, {n Chicago, a sweeping order! restraining the shop crafts from in- terfering in any way with the opera- i tion of the railways. Two weeks later the strike was broken, when many railroads negotiated separate agree- rients with the shopmen. Employes of the Chicago surface and elevated roads struck August 1 lag'sinu a reduction in pay, and four | days later the dispute was settled by ! | compromise. Chicago also had con- tinued trouble with some of thel building trades which would not ac- cept the Landis award. This resulted in a reorganization of the bullding “.rndes council there, the recalcitrant trades beins put on lhe_npen~ahop= ist. The American Federation of Labor' held its annual meeting in June, lndl | Samuel Gompers was re-elected presi- ent, b | SPORTS i I , Sports of all kinds flourished during | {ihe year. Under the supervision of | Judge Landis, organized base ball was | prosperous. The New | won the Natidnal League pennant and | the New York Yankees that of the, American League. The world series was won easily by the Giants. Winners in golf, in order of time. were: Walter Hagen of Detroit, Brit- ish open; Charles Evans, jr. of Chi- cago western amateur; Gene Sarazen of Pittsburgh, national open and pro- fessional; Mike Brady of Detroit, western open; Jess Sweetser of New | York, national amateur; Glenna Col- | lett of Rhode Island, women's na-! tional; Abe Mitchell of England,| southern open. Billiard Champlonship. Young Jake Schaefer won the 15-2 ‘billiard champlonship from Willie {Hoppe In_a great tournament In March, and held it until November 21, | when Willle Hoppe recaptured it | John Layion defeated several con- testants for his three-cushion title. Edgar T. Appleby of New York won ! the national and international-ama- | teur titles. Nothing of great moment happen- ed in the squared circle except the unexpected defeat of Georges Car- | pentier, French champlion, by Stki of Senegai Benny Leonard, lightweight | champlon, defeated Rocky Kansas on July 4, and Pancho Villa of Manila i i | ‘Woman's Club to raise funds for the patriotic donations of the chapter. Mrs. Sallle Grant Gates, treasurer, read an encouraging report of the finances of the chapter. ral donations were also handed in for the George Wash- ington Memorial. Three new members were proposed and sccepted. The guests of honor of the! evening were Mrs. Maynard Minor, president gen- | G. Wallace, W. Hanger, candidate for congress next Aprik; Mra Frances A. St. Clair, former state re- gent, each of whom gave talks upon the activities of their respective offices and the arganization in general. Mrs. Minar reported that 1,600 new members ‘were received at the December board meeting of the national soclety, which shows the increase of interest all ove: the country. Mrs. St. Clair spoke of the excellent work done for American- ization and other patriotic purposes She also reported, as carhpaign manager for Mrs. Hanger, the gains she is mak- ing each in various states- Mrs. ‘Hanger re] _the names of the mem- e e “hf 'the "siate, rogent, Mre and _spol sta rs. Hardy, having appointed wfl C: Cook to h:-ru a8 :'orrecpondxu‘-ecg tary on her board of managers for the coming Miss Schwed Alabama, fleld secretary of the Naitonal Association for Constitutional Govern- ment, emphasized the importance of all American women :bacoming better ac- quainted with thé ::on-m-uon of our The regent announced & recep- ‘which she/ and Miss wiih M. Geerss York Giants: a ATTENTION OF WORLD \ Lloyd George Meets Downfall. Fascisti Control in Italy. Numerous Conferences. ] / won the flyweight title from Johnuy Buft. Field and Track. The conference track and field meet was won by the University of 1llinois and the national meet ‘by the Uni- versity of California. The University of Iowa defeated Yalec in.foot ball and tied with Michigan -for the con- ferencé champlonship. Princeton de- feated Chicago and then, by defeat- ing Yale, won‘the championship of the “big three,” Harvard having a bad season. Tennis enjoyed a genuine revival. The American amateur team defeat- ed the Australians, retaining the Davis cup, and a&lso whipped the British team in the Walker cup matches. W. T. Tilden retained the national championship in singles. A team of polo players came up from ‘Argentina and won the American open championship. . Auto Racing. James Murphy won the 500-mile auto race at Indianagolis on May 30, with a new average speed record of 94.48 miles dn hour, and Tommy Mil- ton won the Kansas City 300-mile race, in killed. The Canadian Bluenose schooner the won the fishermen’s ocup from Henry Ford. American entry, in disasters in 1922 and vast propert losses sustained. In January a Greek destroyer was blown up, fifty men perishing, and in this city ninety- seven persons were killed and 133 in- jured when a theater roof collapsed under weight of snow. In February twenty-five men died in a mine ex- ploston at Gates, Pa., and thirty-four were killed by the fall and explosion of the Army dirigible Roma, v'hich had been bought in Italy. On March 15 a great fire in the Chicago business diatrict did damage amounting to $8 000.000; en March 23 a British sub- marine sank , with twenty-two men, and on March 29 the famous Church of St. Anne de Beaupre,near Quebec, was burned. April was marked b fatal and destructive floods and tor- nadoes in the Mississippi river valley and in Texas, and by a severe earih- quake in Japan. Munttions Explede. On April 18 400 carloads of war munitions exploded in Monastir, rbla, killing hundreds and destr ing the center of the city. On May 19 the P. & O. liner Egypt was sunk in collision, ninety-eight lives being lost. and on June 4 sixty-seven per- ished when a Paraguayan excursion steamer blew up. New York city had one of the worst storms of recent years on June 11, about fifty persons being killed Forty lives were lost in the wreck of a pilgrims’ train near Lourdes, France, on August 1: 50 700 Chinese perished in a typhoon at Swa- tow August 2; thirty-seven were kill- ed in a railway wreck at Sulphur Springs, Mo., on August 5. Great for- est fires in Minnesota in August de- stroyed several small towns. The Japanese cruiser Nitaka went down during # typhoon August 26, with a loss of 300 lives, and three days later 316 perished when a Chilean ship sank near Cogquimbo. On August 2§ forty-eight men were entombed in a burning gold mine shaft at Jackson. Calif., and twenty-two days later all were found dead. rt Jtaly, was destroyed on September 28 by exploding ammunition_stores, 174 soldiers being killed. On November 6 gas explosi on in a mine near Spangler, Pa., killed eighty miners, and on Novem ber 22 a dust explosion in a mine near Birmingham, Ala., killed eighty-four. NECROLOGY Every month of the year has its list of notable persons taken by death, In January these Include Sir Ernest Shackleton;, British explorer, in the antarctic; Marquis Okuma, Japanesc | statesman; Prince Kalaninanole, Ha- waitan delegate in Congress; Joseph Oliver, grand side of Odd Fellows; for- mer United States Senator J. H. Mil- 1ard of Nebraskay John T. Kelly, vet- eran comedian; George B. Selden, in- ventor of gasoline-driven vehicles; Archbishop Gauthier of Ottawa, Can- ada; Pope Benedict XV; John Kend- rick Bangs, author; Viscount James Bryce: Arthur Nikisch, orchestral conductor; Mrs. Elizabeth C. Seaman (Nellie Bly) and Richard Westaoott, United States vice consul in London. Prince Yamagata Dies. In February—Prince Yamagata, Jap- onese statesman; E. H. Shaughnessy, E. Warfleld in Alexandria, Va., with Mrs. Mary A. Stephens, assisting hostess. Mrs. Milton Johnson, the regent, presided. Reports were given by the officers present. A communi- cation was read from Mrs. Carmichel, chairman of the Kenmore Association, asking a contribution towards the preservation of the home of Betty Lewis, sister of George Washington, and the chapter votedwa donation. In response to a call from the Con- tinental Hall library committee for books, the chapter decided to give to this library “A registry of Ameri- can familles entitled to coats of arms.” The historian's paper for the day was “Dress and Modes of Pun- ishment Two Hundred Years Ago.” Following the business meeting the hostess was assisted by Mrs. Anhurl Warfield. > Columbia Chapter, D. A. R, Tuesday afternoon at the home of Miss Charlotte A. Van Doren, 647 East Capitol street. Mrs. C. C. Coombes, regent, presided. Reports of various officers showed that-the chapter i# active In all branches. It ‘was resolved that a short biography of Miss Florence B. Webster, who re- cently died, be writtén ' in the “Remembrance Book” of the District of Columbia Chapter House, W. 8. D. R., as_.a memorial from Columbia Chapter. It was voted to hold a card party_Janua 0 at the residence of Mrl.hw. W fllla:, 1::2‘ 18th .rll,‘t}. northwest, to raise fun or lotic purposes. the cm-ru‘;- which Roscoe Sarles was | Falconara fort. ! o2 members was Second assistant postmaster generil | Gen. Christian De Wet, Boer con- mander in 1899; Duke of Leinster; John 8. Miller, leading Chicago luw- | yer; former Senator J. F Shafroth of / {Colorado’ Vis-ount Harcourt. In March-—Henry Bataille, French dramatist; Col. John Lambert, stecl magnate; r John Eaton, Canadian merchant prince; Charles Pope, | cose king.” e v n April—Charles, ex-emperor of Austria; Dr. Cyruf Northrup, pre | dent emeritus of University of Minx {#ota; Frederick Villiers, famous w correspondent; Gen. von Falkenha: former chief of Staff of German wrmy Henry M. Shrady, American sculptor: Sir Ross Smith, Australian aviato: sAdrian C. 4 Aneon, veteran of base bali enry V. Esmond.English playwright John Foord, editor Agia magazine: 1. S. Mujica, ‘Chilean statesman: Lorc Leopoid Mountbatten, cousin of Kinw George: “Frederick Van Rensselaer / Der. writer of ‘Nick Carfer” stories: ! Paui Deschancl, ‘former president of nce; Richard Croker, forme {France; T Croker, former chief | Henry P. Daviron Pasves Aw. In May—John Vance Cheney, poet and essayist; Ada Jones, musical com- edy star; furmer Senator A. J. Gronnu orgia; A. C. Bartletr, i . T. Abbott, Ch ncter, Lillian Russell (Mre oore), famous stage beguty. A Ballinger, former secretary « | the interior; George Carmack discos - of Klondike go'd ficlds; Henry 7T rd, eugar magnate; Horacc E per, publisher of Encyclope | Britannica; G. W. Aldredge, collec | of the port of New York; F. C. Per | field, former ambaseador to Aust Tuke Jonescu, Rumanian statesm Wu Ting-Fang, Chinese William Rockefeller, capita Goss. inventor of printing pr In Juiy—E. W. Barrett. edi mingham Age-Herald; Dr. Wheeler, editor Current Opinion; Re Dr. J. F. Goucher. educator; Ali Miriam, grand opera star; Col. R.W Guthris, oil magnate; M'es Mary N Murfree (Charles Egbert Craddock) Congressman Expires. n August—Glenn E. Plumb, noted labor attorney; Alexander Graham | Bell, inventer of the telephone. United States Senator W. E. Crow of Pennsylvania; former Representative Lemucl Padgett of Tenressee: Enve: diploma st | tor Bir v j eireunn; John ley, noted pro hibitionist; Lord Nortncliffe, E publigher; Levy Maver, prom Chicago lawver; Rollin D. Sal Seologist; Genevieve Ward, Am tragealenne; Rev. Dr. Henry Coude | chaplain of House of Represental ver | for twenty-five years: Delavan Sm.t' | publisher Indianapolis News; Dr Stephen Smith, founder of Ame 1 | Public Health Association; F. §. Pea body. Chicago millionaire; = Arth: Daweon. American artist; Mrs. Nell Grant Jones daughter of Gen. U Grant; W. H. Hudson, British na ist and author. In September—Theodore A. Be'l prominent lawyer and politician « iSan Francisco; Bishop Samuel ¥ lows of Reformed Episcopal Church Emmet O Neal, former _Governor o Alabama: Leon Bonnat, French art Enos Mills, American naturalist an author; United States Senator Thoma orgla ear Admiral Charle: . : Walker Hill, bank i Marie Lloyd, Englisi | comeatenne: Jjorge Montt, former | president of Chile; Isaac Guggenhelr f{eopper magnate; Dr. Lyman Abboti “aitor of Outlookt Father Bernar: Vaughan, famous Jesuit prea London. Thomas Nelson Page Dies. In November—Thomas Nelgon Paz author and former ambassador to It aly; Alfred Capus, French journalist | T- De Witt Cuyler, prominent railroa” {man; Jacob Gimbel, merchant princ: of New York, Philadelphia_and 31i! aukee: J. ©. L. Gutlerrez, Hondura minister to Washington: Mrs. Mar: Lockwood, founder of D. A. R.: Be {lamy Storer, former diplomat; Rich K. Fox, publisher of Police Gazettr Gen Luke E. Wright, former Secre tary of War and governor general of the Philippines: W. G. Sharp, former zmbassador to_France: Frank Bacor. | American actor; George Bronson | Howard, playwright and _author: i Baron Sidney Sonnino, Italian state: i man; Henry . Cary, prominent news- | paper man of Chicago: F. C. Nedring- haus, former representative from Mis- souri; G. H. Scidmore, United States consul general at Tokio: Representa- tive Jamss R. Mann of Iilinois. (Copyright, 1822, by McClure. New-paper 81 cate. it, business, a number of violln solo- were beautifully rendered by Mie | Ivalee Newell. The Emily Nelson Chapter, D. A, R. held its December mecting at the home of Mrs. St. Clair, regent.” Mrs Duvall, Mrs. Burton und Mrs. Kins were hostesses. Mrs. G. Walluc. {Hanger and Mrs, Howard L. Hodgkins were guests. Mrs. Hanger gave . talk on subfects of Interest to I). A R. members. The card party at Mis: Butler's home was reported a success A pleasing musical program given. Miss Leonore Mercer sang, ac- companied by Mrs. Hicks;. Misa Evelyn Scott plaved violin selections Mr. Voegler sang and Miss Bapp played piano solos. Constitution Chapter, D. A. R, held 1ts December meeting 1636 Monroc s:reet. A sketch ‘entitled “Henry Clay's Silver Spoons™ was acted by Miss May Lancaster and Mrs. Charle: P. Grandfield. Mrs. George Cook gavc a musical program. On Sunday after noon the chapter laid a wreath on th- tomb of the unknown soldler at Arling- ton, with ceremonies which the cha: lain, Mrs. John W. Rawlings, stataec would always be obeerved. . Monticello Chapter, D. A. B., me: Tuesday evening at the home of Mre G. T. Hansmann, the regent, Mrs Hammond _ presiding. It was voted tu give a flag to a scout troup and a do nation for a helper on Ellis Isiand. A sketch of Anthony Wayne was re by Miss White. The names of new members were presented and accept- ed. Formet Statae Regent Mrs. St. Clat: was a guest’and spoke on matters ot interest to the chapter. During the social hour the engagement of Mis: Josephine Bedinger was announced and a tokeén of the affection of the presented by the regenia