Evening Star Newspaper, December 24, 1922, Page 35

. FICTION MAGAZINE SECTION - The Sunday Star. FEATURES | Part 48 Pages WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORN. NG, DECEMBER 24, 1922. Photographic Radio Transmission Points to Movie Broadcasting HE startling announcement that | motion pictures of the next|few hours before, Tilustrated with clear-| Presidential inaugural ceremo- |cut photographs of the event, whether | nies here in Washington prob- Bbly will be broadeast by radio across ! the American continent, not hours or days | ufter exer and parale. but simul- | taneously with both, so that cr gathered in some of the great citles to | radio the words of the chief e as he is inducted into offic ¥ also actually see his lips repeating | i~ oath of office and watch the parade | down Penns; nue, | from the modest-ap- pearing laboratory of C. Francis Jen- AT RIGHT, PHOTOGRAPH OF news event which took place only be a mine explosion, train wreck or street riot. Or, on buying a sports extra, to view printed pictures of scrimmages in the Army-Navy foot ball game delphia before the players, miles awa; have had time to get to the showers or change to their street clothes. If Admiral Peary, for instance, had been provided with one of Mr. Jenkins® picture-broadeasting machines, the world could have received photographs of the north pole expedition as it prog- PRESIDENT HARDING SENT BY RADIO. AT LEFT, THE PHOTOGRAPH AS IT WAS TAKEN DOWN BY, RADIO. fin: in- | the well known Washington Yento That _this announcement was not made Il advisedly and without due con- cideration of the effect which it must <reate in scientific * world was evide Tona fide expe sion of motion picty ssfully Juboratory _Jaboratory med The discle and circles of the d by the results of | PRINCIPAL UNIT OF THE NEW TRANSMITTER, SHOWING THE |regular radio receiving set, the re-| 5C. S WHICH FORM THE KEY TO THE RADIQ | ceiver of which, however, is equipped | PECULIAR D] PROBLEM OF PRI NDING PHOTOGRA | within an hour or so ressed, from start to finish, and even could have seen the American flag which the explorer up at the pole fter its erection. During the world war unlimited use could havi en made of the inven- tion, both from a news standpoint and from a military one. Photographs which did not reach America for ten days or two weeks after they had been taken could here the day they were snapped in France. Pictures of the signing of PHS THROUGH THE AIR. the notable achicyement of this local in- ventor in perfer a radio broadcast- $ug outfit for ordinary photographs und “still scenes” neh practicability plans are under way for marketing | © machines at no Ereater cost to the ome radio enthusiast than the wireless lephone outfits that are now: the craze wroughout the copntry. ’ Thero is reproduced in connection vith this account a history-making ieness of President Hardiug, the first Jhotograph ever to be sent through the £ by the astounding vehicle, radio. eretofore, according.to Mr. Jenkins, it 416 been possible to transmit line etch- i.gs by ether waves, but successful roadcasting of mnot only half-tone \«mera studles but actual Indoor and witdoor scenes themselves, directly ciiminating the camera, has baffled ¢dentists with temerity enough to 1ackle the prablem. Culmination of six years of study and untiring labor in connection with tho “great idea,” which originated in i fertile mind of the inventor, brings swith it so many almest unbelievable jssibilities that the lay mind is vir isally staggered In its imaginations. #* % Nk K N intimation of what was to come £A was set forth in The Evening Star of May 19 last, when announcement of «speriments was made, and it was yotnted out that there lay ahead a vast fleld for development in the world < _telegraphic news illustrations. It takes but little vision. in view of the accomplishments registered with €ich rapldity during the past few Itmlhs. to imagine oneself several s-ars from now reclining cozily on a nge in the drawing room some win- try night, viewing the latest motion- jlcture release, featuring Doug Fair- )anks, Charlie Chaplin or other screen fuvorite, as it unfolds itseif on an inprovised sheet tacked on the wall. At the same time one may be listen- ing to an orchestral concert broadcast sn another city, perhaps to synchronize with the movie as it is “‘extracted from (he air® at numberless amateurs’ sta- Lions throughout the country and trans- formed into a tangible form for ocular entertainment. Or to pick up the aftermoon paper 'r the supper lIPle and read a wire- s dispatch from' Europe about a great the armistice might have been dis- played on front pages of extras a few hours after the historic event had transpired. ® % warfare it would be possible for TOGRAPHS BY WIRELESS. the enemy lines, take pictures and send the.negatives by wireless to headquarters, all while still aloft. Military - authorities could not only send messages, maps, etc. Which would be meaningless to any but those authorized to receive them, but the chief of staff actually could sit in his room at headquarters, far from in Phila- ve been published | ARRARAAAN £ TR | the battle front. and view motion pic- tures of the conflict as it raged. Simi- larly the Secretary of the Navy may sit in his office at Washington and watch the progress of a naval battle. | “Movies by radio in the home will | soom be an acomplished fact, start- | ling as this may seem, for the only | | unsolved problem is the speed factor.” | { Mr. Jenkins told a reporter for’ The Star this week. 1 “When, then, this remaining prob- | | lem of speed is solved, and it is now | being worked out gratifyingly. per- | sons in California or Nebraska or | Maine or Florida will be able to seq | the ‘inaugural ceremonies of their | | President in the National Capital on | | the day of inauguration, or both see, | ana hear grand opera broadcast from | | any point.” he continued in a tone that bespoke confidence. | “Meantime, while this problem is being worked out photographs by radio wilf’ be put into useful service, | for the distribution of pictured news | for the daily paper. the news bulletin, | | the theater and all other suhucrlhern‘ to such service.” i The system Ly which the Washing- | | ton inventor has harnessed Hertzian | | waves for transmission of pictures is | mot 5o complicated or expensive as its | importance would seem to demand it | [to be. In fact, it is, after all so| | simple that one wonders why it was | | not thought of before. The equip-| | ment necessary, it is true, must be | ! gpecially manufactured, but with the | completion by Mr. Jenkins of the ma- chinery required to produce it, repr: duction of any number of the trans- | mitting ana recelving sets is only a | matter of routine production. The remarkable part of the invention is | that it may be attached to the ord ending and receiving radio out- | nary fits already In use at an expense of | $50 to §150. 3 The process consists, briefly, in | “sticing” the photograph to be broad- | <t into hundreds of perpendicular | | sections, each about 1.500th of an| |inch thick, and In moving the proj- | | ected image of each section across | a so-called photo-electrical cell, made | | ot .selenfum, or a similar mineral | | whoee ability to carry an electric | current varies with the intensity of | fugm falling upon it. As each sectlon | lof the flluminated image s thus| drawn at a moderate rate of spee: | across the cell, the dark portions | half-tones and light spots formed | along the “slice” by the shadows, lights und color variations of the | photographic plate serve to cor-| respondingly decrease, increase or | muintain the flow of electric current | through the cell. ‘H e Nii {hus transformed light arfations into electric current variations, it was a simple matter lfl‘ substitute this instrument for the] microphone mouthpiece of the radio- | phone, for the function of the micro- | phone is similar to transform sound | variations into current variations. | To reproduce the picture at the | receiving station a virtual reversal | of the sending process’occurs. Two | methods have been successfully em- ! ployed. By the first method, the' | wireless waves are refeived over a | as follows: [ | On the metal diaphragm of the re- | ceiver is. mounted & tiny mirror, | which vibrates with the diaphragm | {as the radlo osclilations are reg]s»‘ | tered. Focused on the mirror is a | strong ray of light, which is reflected | through a shutter when the mirror is statlonary. As the impulses originat- mirror oscillates with the diaphragm and the reflected ray also oscillates across the shutter hole. Thus, when the diaphragm is vibrating slowly more light from the ray filters through the aperture than wien the ~ibrations are rapid. The current variations recelved by radio are ac- cordingly trausformed Enck to Yght | “slices™ W. ROBI LMAND. ANTHONY, J. AND SYBIL L. cariations, which are registered on a nsitized photographic plate. It will be seen, however, that these ions as they are received must eproduced in perpendicular across the face of the plate in order to bLuild up aguin the com- pleted picture. Here Mr. Jenkins ingenuity devised a new type of disc prism, which he has patented. con- stituting in appearance a circular glass plate. about ten inches diameter, with a rim beveled to form varia by in! | | a priem of spiral shape and of grad- | ually Increasing thickness at the| edge. As the beam of light from the | IT WAS RECEIVED. Washington Inventor Has Reached Point Where It Is Considered Probable That Soon an Inauguration in Washington May Be Witnessed by People in Far-Off Cities—Only Point as Yet Undetermined Is Speed Factor—Prediction of Unlimited Possibilities for Entertainment in the Home. RATORY STAFF. to produce a red glow in the bull. As the varying radio currents course through this filament it lights up, dies down to produce half-tones and shades and thus reflects dircetly on the plate the varying intensities of light. This method does away with the uncertainty of reflecting micrors, which are alwass subjest to vibra- tions likely to distort the reproduc- tion. IT is evident, therefore, that little apparatus is required, in addition to standard radio equipment, to make the usual receiving set a picture-rc- * ¥ % % . # AT RIGHT, PHOTO SENT BY RADIO. AT LEFT, THE PICTURE AS downward across the plate, répeat- | mirror strikes this revolving prism | ceiving outfit. {1t is bent along a perpendicular path | takes up but a small amount of roc The entire adjunct and can easily be placed on the ing this movement until each fection | brary table for operation. A person been neatly laild down beslde production. The correct horizontal | of the original picture. sliced up in|of | a similar way by circular prisms, has | readily manufacture his own set, pro- its | viding, of course, he could obtain nos- | ! neighbor to form the completed re- | session of the disk prisms. constructive inclinations could Heretofore inventors have fuc- | spacing is maintained by a system |ceeded In sending by wireless ctch-. of like discs, revolving at the send- |ings by curving the etchings over a Ing and receiving stations at the same | revolving cylinder and passing slow- speed. The second method, just developed during the past week, and the one|Pulses as it which, because of its simplicity, prob- [0f the etching. a scout plane to reconnoiter over |Ing from the sending station start, the lably will be permanently. substituted UNIQUE. BEVELED EDGE OF THE DISC PRISM, WHICH H.AKES POSSIBLE THE TRANSMISSION OF PHO- for the. former system, consists In sending the radio current as amplified by the radio receiving outfit through a specially constructed- incandescent eléctric light bulb, the tiny filament of which is surrounded with hydro- gen. About two volts of a storage- battery current are conveyed con- stantly ‘through this fllament, so a8 | 1y across the cylinder an electrical contact, which sent out current im- touched the hign points Never before, Mr. have photo- ‘Jenkins pointed out, graphs themselves been transmitted, | because of the inability in times past ! to reproduce half-tones. Space does not permit a detailed de- seription here of the apparatus involved in the process, mor would a complete | technical account of the set-up be of general interest. A cursory word-pic- ture of the paraphernalla, however, fol- lows: The sending outfit at looks like & stereopticon first glance tion lantern of some sort is needed to project across the face of the photo. electric cell the image to be trans- mitted. If a photographic print, or a sheet of muslc, or other positive print is to be broadcast, a stereopticon is!pe actively pushed until news pictures ; employed. If a photographic plate is used an ordinary magic lantern, of the «lide type, is needed. Directly in front of the-lantern are the prismatic rings, four in number, rotating so that the edge of each passes through the project- ed image. On the opposite side of the room, or about six feet away, is the small box containing the photo-electric cell. The bright and enlarged image constantly moves In downward sweeps across this cell, and, in an almost im- perceptible .movement, sidewise at the same time, moves its path to the right, until the entire. image has 'thus been “dragged” over the face of the cell. The beam -of light from “the lens of the lantern also passes through a rap idly revolving perforated disc of opaque material, which serves to chop the steady flow of light into a series of *“pleces,” this succession of impulses being desigried to make the flow of current through the cell-interrupted, as is essential In radio transmission. The remainder of the apparatus consists, as stated before, of regulation radio-trans- mitting. paraphernalia. . The recelving outfit’already has been described. * X X X A N_even more wonderful method of broadeasting pictures is possible with Mr. Jenkins' machine, eliminating orints, plates or other mediums. This machine, | | which. in fact, part of it is. A projec- | tive, differ from still pictures only In ¥ ¥ | kuged in developing his idens, except | pr 3’ for a period during the war when he | picture machines uow i 3 was engaged on dollar-a-year work | tested in the R LEFT TO RIGHT: FLORENCE M. KS (STANDING BEHIND MR. JENKINS), JOHN N. OGLE snethed fx by the direct focusing the actual scenery. illuminated by sun- light or artificial means, onto the cell Possibilities of this latter appear to be numberless. For ex ample, a person may stand with his |face in a strong light, much us b |would do to be photogriphed. and | have his portrait immediately broad- to a friend hundreds of miles away. Ingtant identification of cap- itured criminal suspects in distant cities could be accomplished by fore- ing them thus to have their facial | fentures and other distingulshing characteristics sent by radio to de- tectives engaged In 2 man-hunt. Arti- i cles which have been stolen and ear- !ried away to out-of-town points also could be identified quickly. Thumb | prints of escaped criminals spies. ete.. | could be easily broadeast throughout | the country befora the flecing men | had nad time to get many miles away | from places of captivit eward notices, police “lookouts | ilar information Dlacards may thus be distributed over a wide territory ! the course of a few minutes. In connection wWith the b mentioned, it is predicted wh have seen Mr. Jenkins' invention that complete typewritten or printed | pages, illustrated with pictures, con- taining bulletin news of national im- | portance, before long will be broad- cast to publicatlons scattered in va- | rious sect! d sim- in se just from the developed print of 2 bulletin Iand run off copics of it without the | necessity of setting up type or mak- ing sevgral engravings. Banks and financial hould find the process invaluable for sending signatures to other cities to compare with original handwriting and thus verify the worth or worth- lessness of a suspected check. In de- tective work, this method of identify ing handwriting should also find | wide field. In the world of motion plctures the | device may be used to project through | the ether news pictures to the large theaters and thus put news events | before the public almost before the newspapers _can print news. Mr. Jenkins asserts that no newspaper can possibly put & distant | news event into print as quickly as the theater could with radio pictures. * ¥ R o® | kins told The Star representa. peed.” It is a matter of a few months’ when apparatus capable of { producing this speed of projection {can be built. Development of radio motion pictures, he added, will not by radio have been permanently es- tablished in useful service. As lights which malke up radio ple tures and the radio which carrie them are both practically limitless, the solution of the only remaining | problem seems well within reasonable gxpectation of early. accomplishment. From the very nature of the inven- tion it would seem that in the home motion pictures by radio would ulti- mately find greatest usefulness, ac- cording to Mr. Jenkins. Radio movies might also be found useful in schools, churches, granges {and clubs. Perhaps even the theater may ultimately be changed from cel- 1uloid to radio. To transmit a “still” picture by radio in Mr. Jenkins' laboratory re- quires from three to six minutes at the present time, that period being required for the whole image to travel across the cell of the sending outfit. A speclally designed prismatic ring which the inventor has devised will enable each picture to be projected almost instantly, so that a rapid suc- cession of pictures, such as the ex- posures on & motion picture film, can be sent out and received on a screen again from the alr in the form of movies. Tn the eourse of the next year of phase | those | telegraphic | OTION plctures by radio, Mr. Jen- | M | or so Mr. Jenkins expects to have his first instrument of this type in opera- tion. | Mr. Jenkins has been working on " his invention for years. His first pub- | lished article thereon appeared in Electrical Engineer, July 25, 1894. An- " | other article was published in Motion { Picture News on October 4, 1913. He j has since that time been actively en- | for the government. His greatest obstacle was the manu. acture of the peculiar prismati rings, no existing machinery then be. ling cupuble of grinding the glass | dises into proper shape. Mr. Jenkins went to work and constructed a spe- al grinding machine of his own at considerable expense, which still is daily turning out the circular prisms svsed in constructing the sending iving machines now in opers ING in the temerity of youth when it comes to new ventures in -, the inventor has as his sole | assistants young men and women. Stuart Jenks. former Technical High *hool student, is in charge of the radio proper; James Robison, ; merly of Central High School, assists in handling the experiments; Miss ! Sybil Almond of Atlanta, Ga., ma ages the office and laboratory; Mis: Florence Anthony of Wilkes-Barre. Pa.. controls the disc-grinding m chinery, and John Ogle of town, Md., 18 the laboratory machin- it laboratory is of modest size. comprising four or five rooms on the rcien: . | for- | Adams- | _second floor gf the Connecticut ave- nue building. Mr. Jenkins was horn fifty-two | years ago in Ohio. He has resided in Washington for thirty-three years | He received his preliminary educ [ tion at Earlham Colle Riehmond. Jud, but has pursued numerous technical and Lighly scientific studies from time to time. Hix claim to the rity of invention 1d apparently H Jurts I nis clatm was substantiated. awarded the Elliott Cre: 898 for this intention. invented a high-speed movie camera capable of photographing a bullet emerging from the mouth of a cannox. |or birds in flighi, showing in detail the movement of the wing In addi tion to inventions B was Lis many T found time to e an aero o1 thusfast. owning tweo hydroplanes - which are housed in a hangar on the banks of the Potons river, e married | The mujor portion of Lis day is I teken up in experimenting with radic ipletures in his laboratory, for he |realizes the vast range of possibil Lefore itles which lie Him i this | work, “The he with some nable pride. ! to the fireside as a fascinating visit teacher and entertainer—without { language, literacy or age limitation: an entertainer who will visit the | hemestead with photoplays and the opera without the hindrance of wudds roads or w blockades, making | farm life st tractive to the cirls.” new ren ol BY THOMAS J. DICKSO! Semlor Chapla st Division. HE Americans had marched . from the land where Villa was tighting, across the states, an cean, across Franee wlmost to Switzerland, to deliver a protest from the mouth of u cannon. Shortly they were returned to the rear to | see the latest styles in fighting, to learn to resist attacks and discover tdcceptions that had never entered the brain of a son of Montezuma. The short foggy days of winter zave but little time for maneuvers. Night was & seeming eternity, duriz which the mind of man reviewed all the scemes of his life. He dropped in on old folks, relatives and neightors. He played with the chil |dren and petted the dogs. He Wi a child again for the night. Time had so closely coupled the days that they passed almost with the spted of the cars of a fast freight covered with red balls. Christmas was almost here! Soldiers stood in line. eagerly watching the orderlies <ort the letters and packages. in their lives they meemingly did not hear mess call. “The sweater that mother knit to keep me warm is surely in that sack. She wrote to me that she took it to the post office herself. 1 am sure she did™ They | were not sons of Mars—only the chil- dren of Amerifcan mothers. Eternal fog covered lake and fen. While they were chunking the wet ns of the country, which, | 8Teen pine to make it yield more;yega, is e |in turn, could make etchings direct lieat to dry their socks ‘o keep their | forty feet at warm night, some buddy | would start the old song: “In the land of strangers, whither thou art gone, institutions | Hear a far voice calling, My son, that sent to us from th, my son. " i They seldom finished the song. With one zccord they would descend !the rickety old ladder that led to i the loft where they siept—go out in !the night to watch for the bombing , Planes, In reality, it was to wipe a tear; to wonder If that old moon thut used to rise so beautifully over {the hills of cld Missourt had turned to blood. i L HE little villuges that nestled in gian refugees. Elder men, women i and children had fled before the Ger ! man like the leaves of autumn before the blasts of winter. Familles widely <eparated—separated even unto the day of Judgment—Evangelines, whose blood had turned white from search- ing and suffering; Niobes, turned to | stone, who walked the streets hoping | for that which was hopeless. All, [like ants, paused a moment when | they met to gain the warmth of a { word of comfort. highest peaks of falth—bore aloft a fagot to light the path of poor poflu king the comfort of his own. A {leaden scepter ,hung oOver a war- cursed world, “De Profungls” chanted by little chil- dren! Little ones wearing sackcloth— [ scattering ashes. Babies sleeping in the shadow of ihe willow and the cy- press. They dared not think of Christ- mas being a reality. Out on the night alr floated “Petit Noel,” their song of disappointment. Darling Cbristmas, 1 Stay in heaven. This year there is 5o much suftering. There are no pretty toys; Take care of your money For our fathers who are in the war. Sympathy interpreted their song— the soldiers understood. There w: rift in the clouds of war—at least the children saw it. Tears were prismatic. Soldiers were touched with a feeling of their infirmities. They remember- ed how the old folks at home had read something to them about “as you have done it unto the least of these, you have done it unto Me” and “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” * k% ¥ \HE American soldier war Santa Claus! The hat was passod. First U. S. Christmas On the Battle Front Once | the valleys were filled with Bel-, They climbed the | Generosity reigned B trucks stupped lauling war to brin the futher! widow who had v one o help them regulation Americ Claus—red boots—, for everyh . Lights that wouid were forbldden in i the front. Christma, |ception. A grear ev. { erected in the sq army munitions o1 hing and candy the ud the It was afrplan.s 50 vi ages eve e an ex tree w. . It was eove was rEreen toys und | 'S denced !to cbject, enimmerin ing; a veritable fuiry The night fell starless. Great fla dem of purity and good wiil i the peasants, dumb by the ilargess of the Americans. At times the ‘only sound audible was the whisper- ing blessings of old awe—infirm in rags—"God bicse you. my childr .my children the Americans. Soom the Americuus returned o i battle line. It was the lust Christn for ma They livesd a The ~pangles. ubj and scinti band, from st and —ad nedietion of pe the tree stood struck {to mal e chil e the world fr i to 1w Phases of Light. | THE light we 1o from i T stars of tie first wagnitude, W ive thousa of the sun. 1t is caleutated ¢ [total light received from the lo stars I8 equal to that of 3,000 stars | the first magnitude, or @ sixth part «° mo Light exercixes a mechanic {ure that can be measured in the laho |ratory. 1t has been shown by ex | periments with artificial light #ha |1n its production encrmous quantitie- {of energy are dissipated. Tn an or | nary wax candle th al energy t {is transformed into light is really bu 12 per cent. G 1d kerosene lumps jare not more ecomomical. On the other hand, the glowworm transforms into light (by means vet unknown) 90 per cent of the totul energy « | pended. is known that Jargely the arom I press 1t light influgne: 3 of lowers, A garden s more fragrant when it is !nh:\dml than when the sun ix allowed ito shine in full blaze upon it. Th at any ix the conclusion of & sclentist who has made a vast num ber of experiments. That which |tects the fragrance of flowcrs fs not | the oxygen of the atmosphere, as has ilu-en commonly supposed, but the {light. According to the same au | thority, the Intensity of the perfum: ! exhaled by a flower d@pends upon the | pressure of water In the cells of the [plant, whieh tends to throw out the essential olls that prod the odor and the action of the solar light di- jminishes tho pressure of the water in these cells. The irrigation of the plant augments the pressure, and likewise, of course, the production of e Durlng the night the air is charged with aroma merely because {the solar light does not exercise an {inhibiting influence on the ema tions. rate, Ingenious Pile Driver. HERE has been employed on numerous occasfons by members of the Engineer Corps a most inge- nious pile driver, which acts .with great speed. On two sides of the pile one-inch gas pipes are placed n longitudinal grooves. At the lower end the pipes are furnished with noz- zles inclined inward toward the point of the pile. A force pump drives water into the pipes, and the water, is- suing from the nozzles under a pres- ure of seventy pounds to the square inch, removes the dirt xo rapidly be- neath the pile that it sinks three times as fast as if hammercd by a pile driver. 2 . oo i e