Evening Star Newspaper, December 3, 1922, Page 47

AGREEMENT OF ALLIES ON REPARATIONS NEAR France? England and Italy Nearer a Solution of General Question Than at Any Time in Years. BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. T would appear singular that right in the midst of scttling one great European problem—the relation of Europe to Turkey—that the premiers of allied nations should withdraw from Lausanne and meet t0 untangle the skeins of another perplexing issue, but just this is about to collect a large portion of the total amount of reparations, Poincare Must Act. As a matter of fact, even though the French government has issued a de- nfal to the proposed sanctions, Premier Poincare cannot permit the German situation to drag indefinitely. His political future is at stake. Already pertinent questions are being asked in France as to why he has not car- ried out his “Germans must pay™ pro- nunciamen: nunciated immediate- 1y before and after he took the pre- mier's portfol Poincare personally favors just s moves, and undoubt- edly the French government has plans whereby the sanction enforcement ex- peditions can be realized within twen- four hours after a fi declsion to is reached. But Poincare, as nd and others before him, has found out that g and doing are two different equations, and the uot be done in the general process of } doing has been frustrated by menace to the entente. Agreements never ISurapenn ixecanst o o A Fave beenipossible. bas Dionar b the case when Llovd George sought to piil /n0% RAsYuce T 1 Tas Jo force capitulation of all ideas to his!ment in their coming conference, i there Is every reason to belfeve that France eventually will gain all that she asks without endangering the al- corcord. Hut. unless there be con- understandings and Germany ctually is brought to book, made to to happen. Premiers Bonar Law, Poincare and Mussolini will put their heads together in London and strive to reach agreement on future courses as to Germany. For the first time in the past two years there is good chance of reconciling the individual policles of the three nations most concerned—England, France and Ita There is greater unanimity in view point as to what should and should Tasue Cannot Drag On. The German reparations question cannot be allowed to dras on. The, tenure of at least one government, | Day in money and in kind with an hat of Frasce, depends upon some|carly response. too, then the position djustment before the middle of Jan-)of Foincare is & hazardous one. Situation in Greece. Fate ugain has dipped brushes in human blood to write the word progress. Whether this progress be forward or backward is not known. But though vast revolutionary ideals be realized in ce. though the nation through the execution of six statesmen and military leaders during the past week definitely set in motion forces which will lead Grecian people to a better era, foreign nations are not sv but that the [ executions, blowdthirsty and barbaric as they appear to have definitely been re- vealed, soon will lead to tremendous upheavals and prolonged chaos before vary, when Germany either will have consented to gemeral allied stipula- tions or admit complete default in reparaticns arrangements. Chancellor Cuno has notified I'aris that Germany intends to abide by the arrangements indorsed by the Wirth movernmen Wirth szid he would heed allied di tates, but comparativeiy little show has been made up to date, and the allles have no reason to believe nm; the Cuno or any other Gevrman go ernment will he able to abide by present arrangements through sheer inability. There must be revision of repara- tions. In the past four years the|,pything definite is achleved in the way allfes have been unable to cordinate | to good government and orderly a; their respective wishes and beliefS ! vance, inregard to reparations, so divergent ecce undoubtedly well nigh alienat- have they been. But it is belie ed all sympathy during the years by that Bonar Law will go mistaken foreign policies and war of ing the French viewpoint, conquest. The execution of former ench, on the other hand, Premier Gounaris and his Constantinian willingness whatever to be cohorts was but a step on the part of able. Given a deg of common | the Greek revolutionary committee, now sense on the part of the Fr mlau powerful, to fix responsibility that regard to the amounts to be collected the demands of the Greclan people for | and methods of collection, the Brit- | vengeance be met. l Is. {0t Caused Many of Nation's ! | There is no question but that many of | “‘il‘)"l j the present-day ills were ¢ used by fl’ll" executed Grecian statesmen. But there is a grave question as to whether in the fnal analysis Goumars can be r in meet- it the reaso: :sh, on the other hand, may consent to sanctions along the French e Germany eventually fails ew Suggestions m t ies. suggestions more: Tin; Germany's ability to Freach Have Altered Policy. in pay. The French have altered their [blamed for Greece's peculiar coursea policy considerably in this regardduring the course of the world) war. and it is declared that instead of | TTue. blame might be laid at the feet of King Constantine and Sophia, the BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most Iimportant news of the world for the seven days ended De- cember 2: United States of Ameriea.—On Wednesday the House passed the ship subsidy bill, con- slderably amended, 208 to 184. The extraordi- nary session of Congress ends and the regular session begins tomorrow. If the champlons of the anti-lynching bill insist on continuing into the regular session their effort to make that bill the unfinished business of the Senate, by the same token the exceedingly clever fili- buster against it will be resumed, and there will be no business transacted in the upper house until the bill is dropped. Should there Le no obstruction the ship subsidy bill should be favorably reported to the Senate on Tuesday or Wednesday. On Monday the Senate returned to its com- mittee of finance the bill proposing a loan of $5,000,000 to Liberia; presumably to sleep the long sleep. Having been challenged to make a definite proposal looking to American co-operation in solving the European problems, Clemenceau, in his Boston speech, suggested our partici- patiod in the Lausanne conferepce on the same footing as the allled powers. “Without making things appear blacker than they are,” sald Clemenceau, “I tell you that we may be facing, if you do not take care, the greatest crisis in the world. I simply tell you that there is nothing that can stop this present combination he means of Germany, Russ and Turkey), but France, England and Americ together.” i France, he sald, requires for her security either the left bank of the Rhine or guarantee from America and Britain. “Turkish barbarism, German revenge and jan anarchy—these are our problems, said he. Clemenceau apologized to the Hostonians or ever having thought them cold and in- Oh, Tiger! Tiger! we thought you had more tact. Maybe an iceberg doesn't mind being calied “out of its name—but not intellectual.” How could you? At Chicago Clemenceau gave to the press a list of forty- five violations of the disarmament provi- siong of the Versailles treaty reported by the interallied commission of military control. On _Thanksgiving day Clemenceau visited Lincoln’s home at Springfield and laid a wreath on Lincoln’s grave, after which he made a urief speech of a beautiful aimplicity. When Senator Felton addressed the Senate reverend senior, looking up, would douhtless have beheld the shades of Semiramis, Zenob the Countess Matilda, Elizabeth, Catharine and Yehonala noddying approval, and had he listened with trembling ears. he might have discerned amid the applause their ecager squeak and gibber. The Rev. Oxcar Haywood. “national lecturer’ of the Ku Klux Klan, announces that the klan aims to extend ftself over the planet, with a view to preservation of the solidarity of the Protestant-gentile white race. A noble pro- gram, to be sure. The first step wil be to annex Canada to the “invisible empir. Women are not admitted to the Klan, but an affiliated woman's organization ix contemplated. “The field of the klan is the world, und it~ pulpit is the ages,” declares Dr. Haywood in his simple way. What a vivid sclentific con- ption is that of the “Protestant-gentile white rac: 1 must postpone to another occaslon discus- sion of the new progressive-radical movement in Congress. * k % ¥ Germany.—The present temporary program conference at Brussels, and to agree (it ‘is only Bonar Law whose consent {s doubtful) to discuss at that conference the problem of Ger- man reparations and the problem of inter- allled debts as callihg for a joint solution. Everything hangs on the attitude of Bonar Law, which has not yet been disclosed, though he told the commons the other day that his government does not consider itself bound by the Balfour note on the war debts. ‘The German government has formally apol- igized for several interferences with and at- tacks on the interallled commission of mili- tary control In the performance of its duties. On November 27 the mark was worth 8,000 to the dollar. * ¥ Xk ¥ Italy.—On November 25 the chamber, by 225 to 90, passed the bill granting Mussolini until December 31, 1923, full powers for carrying into effect his program of financial and bureau- cratic reforms. The chamber having, so to speak, regularized Mussolini's usurpations, and belng of no further present use to the black- shirt, has adjourned to January, when it will ~ be invited to pass an electoral law Intended to completely transform that body and return most of its members to private life. Lord Curzon was much relieved when Mus- solini returned from Luusanne to Rome: but though with his almost grotesque solicitude for dignity and importance of Italy, a most difficult person to deal with, he did finally line up perfectly with Curson and Poincare. Though he was strongly in favor of granting the Russlan demand for participation in all the conference proceedings, he even ylelded to his allles on that point. And he greatly reassured Poincare b his declaration that Germany should be made to pay and by warm- 1y seconding Poincare’s efforts to procure im- medlate convening of the long-projected Brus- sel's economic conference. * k X ¥ Greece.—The modern Greeks geem to have inherited with some, though not too strong, a tincture of the anclent blood, all the faults and few of the virtues of the cotemporaries of Pericles. There were in the classical pe- riod numerous instances of judicial fnurder, and it was common, and perhaps correct, to charge the ruin of classical Greece to funda- mental political instability. But if the cla cal Greeks were unstable, they at any rate possessed political genlus and intelligence of the highest order: and it should be borne in mind that they were experimenting with few recorded precedents to guide or warn. The Grecks of today exhibit an instalibity greater than that of the ancient, with no evidence whatever of compensating intelligence or genius; and they cannot allege lack of record- ed precedents to instruct and warn. The judicial murders of the past week in Athens (for it is generally agreed that th the proper name for the executions, as pri- marily of a vindictive political character) are more egregious than any ancient inatances. There might be one traitor, perhaps two; but six, in such came one would almost wieh the Turk. for all his unspeakableness, to be given 4 free hand. Five former Greek cabinet officlals and one meneral. convicted of high treason in connec- tion with the recent Greek disaster, were exe- d November 28: and ane former cabinet eficial and one general were sentenced to penal servitude tor life. The gravamen of the vharge against the cabinet officlals was, ap- parently, that they brought back King Con- stantine to serve their own ambitions, well knowing that his restoration would be dis- astrous to the nation, and that they continued to throw dust in the eyes of the Greek people. The British representative left Athene in would call for some modification of the above remarks.) * ¥ ¥ X ‘The Lausanme Comference.—The conference made little progress during the week. Not very important decisions regarding certain Aegean islands were reached. Ismet Pasha announced that if the territorles lost to Tur- key as a result of the great war should be re- quired to take over their due proportions of the Ottoman debt, Angora would recognize the remainder of that debt; which sounds llke a reasonable proposition. The Turks reduced their indemnity claim on Greece from $1,000,- 000,000 to $400,000,000. The reader will recall that the Turkish na- tional pact claims Mosul for Turkey, and is doubtless aware that the Turks have sworn on a stack of korans that the pact shall be ful- filled to the least syllable. But Mosul is now a part of the kingdom of Irakor Mesopotamia, having been separated from Turkey by virtue of a clause in the treaty of Mudros (armistice treaty of October 30, 1918), which took from Turkey all her outlying territorfes in which the population was predominantly non-Turk- Ish. "To that Ismet Pasha, chlef Turkish dele- gate at Lausanne, says that Angora does not recognize the Mudros treaty—which is, of course, sheer insolence, but not exactly non- sense when you consider that the Angora gov- ernment has massed near the Mosul frontier a force which outnumbers by 10 to 1 the British force i{m Mosul. There are British forces in Mosul, besause Britain holds a mandate for Mosul under the league of nations, and be- cause Britain is very, very much interested in the ol of Mosul. Britain’s position regardin; Mosul is stated in two of the “fifteen points of allled policy at Lausanne subscribed by Curzon, Poincare and Mussolini, as follow: The frontiers of Irak to be maintained at pres- ent, “and no changes in mandated territories to be admitted.” It is obvious that you have here the ingredlents of powerful explosive mixture. Now undoubtedly the great sensation of the conference to date was the speech (of Novem- ber 26) of Mr. Child, our ambassador to Italy and chlef of our-“observers” at Lausanne. He read to the conferees those clauses of Secre- tary Hughes' nots of October 30 in reply to the note of the allled powers inviting our partici- Jalion in the conference, in which Secretary Hughes expressed the hope that nothing in the near east settlement would traverse that principle of “the open door and equality of commercial opportunity,” of which we are the grand champlon. Upon this text Mr. Child expounded briefly. The speech owed its sp cial significance to the occasion of its deliver: to wit. on the eve (or so ‘twas understood) of important territorial decisions by the confer- ence. To be sure, Mr. Hughes’' note might give the impression that our government is not in- terested in territorlal decisions to be taken at Lausanne. But, as Mr. Child subtly observe. “few subjects may be considered by them selves. ® ® o Gne detall of negotiation cannot be considered as isolated from the others.” Now just what in particular was Child driving at? queried the American pr Did he, as a considerable part of that press concluded. have in mind the possibility of change of political sovereignty over Mosul, and therefore warn that such change must not prejudice the right of American nationals to equal opportunity with other foreign nationals in the “exploitation” of the Mosul ficlds, set forth in the past so vigorously by A Colby and Mr. Hughes in notes to the Eritish government? Destined to have the whole world oil! ol by, the ears! Tchitcherin has arrived at Lausanne, and the discussion of the most important of all the conference problems—that of the strafts—is announced to begin tomorrow. * % ok ok s Miscellancous.—Three more Irish insurrecto: B WHY CAPITAL IS IN NEED OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Important Part They Ought to Play in Educational System Explained by Dr. Ballou. 5 relating to the organization and ad- 1 | WMinistration of schools. school? Situation Here Favorable. Although two of them| “The situation in Washingt have been in operation in|sald Supt. Ballou, “is most favorable Washington since 1919 and Congress|for the organization and development has appropriated $600,000 for the con-!in the course of several years of istruction of two additional junior|compiete system of Junior higlh high school buildings, there has never | schools. A large amount of sch: BY JAMES E. CHI < HAT is the junior higl clinging to the present impossible sum total of reparations to be de- manded of Germany, Poincare wi stipulate a total and fixed sum of 530,000,000,000 gold marks, a foreign loan to assist Germany with her in- ternal problems and payment of repa- rations due up to the time the new agreement goes into effect. If France iices propose this she may hook it 1o a proposal for the cancellation o allfed debts. particularly France debt to England. Inasmuch as this would place Great Britain in the position of underwriting a vast sec- tion of the French war debt with no particular gain for herself, it is be- lieved that any such proposal will prevent agreement between Law and Polncare. However, the British, as sop to the French, may consent to back the French in any move to en- force sanctions in case the Germans fail to pay and may go even further and offer a straight-out offenstve and defensive alliance to guarantee France's future. Half of Battle Ended. Whatever the possible terms, the fact remains that the premiers have | decided that something shall be done at the earliest possible moment to settle the German situation, economic and financial. In coming to this de- cision half of the battle has been ended. The terms to be applied are relatively unimportant provided they do two things, end for all time un- certainty as to Germany’s final bur- den and reach agreements facilitat- ng Europe’s general advance there- by ‘Though denied by the French em- bhassy in Washington., it_was - nounced in Paris that the French in- 1ended to go ahead and enforce sanc- ions against the Germans in the Rhineland and the Ruhr. It is not iikely that the French will do this pending the Brussels conference, for 10 do 80 would be alienating their al- iies. If the French are reasonable at HArussels, and real adjustments in regard to the Germans are made, and then the Germans fail to live up to their obligations, then sympathy un- doubtedly will be with France. There would be no question but that France 'would enforce sanctions to collact her obligation. These might include the ancirclement of the Ruhr with a French customs cordon and the cut- ting off of the Rhineland from Ger- former queen, who is a sister of the ex- Kkaiser of Germany. that the Grecian statesmen of It is but natural that period and during Constantine’s later rule should smirk and faun. knowing Constantine’s personal charac. teristics know that they would not have obtained official favor and would not have lasted unless there was pronounced degree of complacency to n {And though Constant { way, his brother. Princa A a {Prifoner in Athens, still x..:-x.‘»'.:";k\-: danger of suffering the same fate of th discredited and dead statesmen. Shudder as the world must at the revolting micthod of wiping out those to whom was attributed many of Greece's woes, nevertheless it remains a fact that the wishes of the Grecia: people that there be more democratic government are furthered by the re- moval of the Constantinian school of statescraft. How constantly they were a menace is indicated by con- stant machinations leading to the re. turn of Constantine after Venizelos not only had won world respect for Greece, but unlimited territories, 11ands which since have been bartered i for the chimerical dream of Constan- tine. who declared that he vet would achieve the old limits of the Byzan- tine empire. He sought to outdo b ! military conauest what Ventzelos d { by statecraft. He failed miserabl as his present exile will testify be out of the Venizelists Unrelenting. Though Venizelos shuddered at the action of the revolutionary commit- tee, his cohorts In Greece, who ever are ready to wage unrelenting war- fare upon the disciples of the old or- der, are accepting the executions as but furtherance of their desire to control the destinies of the country without Interference. The revolu- tionary commitee has given sanction to the present limited monarchical system, but dispatches Indicate that { the republican organization is making | progress in movements to completely sweep aside all aigns of the old order and place Greece among the republics of the world. | Greece is rapidiy approaching the ! point where there can be little tem- | porizing bstween the old order and | the new. There is belief in both Lon- | don and Paris, not t0 speak of Wash- ! ington, that Greece within the next six months will go through a period of political spasms, but will emerge | from the crisis with a stronger and { more liberal government onece more in attune with the real wishes of the Those royal whims. ! { { 1 i of German reparation payments lapses De- cember 31. In the absence of fresh arrange- ments. the old schedule would then automati- King George, having consequence of the executions, and there seems little doubt that Greek {inter. will be sadly prejudiced thereby. s at Lausanne cuted. opposed the executions, cally go back into force—which is out of the i-; xhr; effect -: Drtljnnl" !Jrh i plnh by order :neertmn. > 3 _ of his puppet cabinet. The real government ensive of question. There will be a meeting of the pre. the revolutlonary committee. The king has hand, there mieres of Great Britain, France, Italy and uyked permission to leave the country, but it Belgium in London on December 9, at which and Poincaire hopes to persuade the others agree to a date in the very near future for the opening of the long-projected economic has heen r. for his safe several wee more generals His uncle, Prince Andrew, and. Altogether a pretty kettle of fish. ix possible that authentic reports of the trials fears are entertained are to be tried this at The situation found guilty by a military commission of un- authorized possession of arms, have been exe- in southern Ireland is most The country is nervously appre- feroclous reprisals: on the other are indications that the sternness of the government is having the effect dexired. A young Paris wife the.other day 2 rival for the affections of her hu: ;;‘mbllt wfll\l the “dukes” and k ers {8 a solution of the triangle problem w fresh dramatic possibilities. BE2E F challenged and to a ked her ont. “As I See It” l (Continued from First Page.) ‘ know about banking, but while 1t 1o e aiiorof the Star may declass a banker to work with | [ {h¢ Edilor of fhe St the workers, it doea mot declass a banker to work for the workers. So the workers hire bankers to do thei scavenger work with thelr dirty mil- lions, and the bankers hire the work- ers to do the dirty work in the mines and on the tall buildings or at the furnaces, 8o things even up In an un- just world. | American citizen is a keen sense of justice and a firm insistence upon “a square deal.” Recent utterances of a French p: triot are calculated to rekindle flames |of hate and bitterness against the { German people. at a time when they jand the struggling young republics are confronted with economic and ‘What Marks Our Classest HICH brings up the question, ‘! what are the demarkations of|food oconditions appaliing' both in We pretend | magnitude and consequences. If the class fn this country? that we have no classes. But clearly the pretense is a face-saving sham. But how shall we draw the class lines? By constitutionally abolishing titles America made s sad mess of hereditary classes. Nothing is surer than that individual ability in a man or woman, or often sheer raw luck, makes it possible for one to rise or fall from the top or bottom of the social ladder and light on his feet. Childhood and youth clearly feels 1it- tle clase restriction in America. For vouth fs free to move as far as its; wits will take it. But the famlly does feel the class line. And one asks what is the class line? Perhaps we may say it is the divi- German people ever needed friendly help it is now—and in the name of hu- manity I appeal for a careful con- sideration of the following facts be- fore passing flnal judgment on the sincerity of these people to discharge their obligations imposed by the terms of the Versallles treaty: On Briak of Starvatien. Germany is on the brink of starva- tion, and unless it can purchase food there will be a repetition of the awful fate which overtook Russia. It {8 well known that Germany for many years had to import 40 per cent of its staple food supplies (cereals and fate), mostly from our ocountry. One of the greatest virtues of the | many with customs barriers designed | people. KILKENNY CATS Urges “Don’t Hurt” As New Safety Slogan Alleged True Stol'y' To the Edltor of The Star: sion point between wi and salery: the point where & man worked en- tirely at the meroy of his boss or at the mercy of conditions that affect the boss ruts a man in one class often. And, on the other hand, some- jtimes the point wnere one's conneo- tion with the busmess is so inti- mate, 80 necessary that so long as the office 1% open or the stove runs or the shop s going concern the clerk’s place depends upon his behavior or his influence or his past connections with the concern, And that {s not May I sav that vou have the wrong of HOW They I‘o g |slosan for this “Safety week.” “Don't Their Tails. Rapresentative Kellev of Michigan, re- cently settled a dispute among his col- leagues by telling the following story of | the origin of the expression: “Fighting iike Kilkenny cats.” During the rebellion which occurred in Ireland In 1798, according to Kelley, Kilkenny was garrisoned by a regiment of Hessian eoldlers, whose custom it Get Hurt.” infers that most people en- [joy being maimed and even Killed and take no precautions to avoid it. My idea is that most people do, not hanker after sudden death, There jare, of course, and always will be, some foolish pedestrians who run around the streets like hens, even some masculine hens—but what about the great army of foolish autoists, many drunken, reckless speeders who pay no attention to the laws of God or_man? i Change the slogan to “Do Not Hurt | | i Any One” and give the pedestrians was to tie togother in one of thelr bar-{o V3, T 30 1Ty fve meetinis, get to- racks a couple of cats by thelr respec- | .. por and discuss and wonder what | tive tails and then throw them across |can he done about it. Nothing effective | a clothesline. The cats usually fought |is done, the slaughter goes on trium- : phant. ‘Maka the speed limit in the '“;“’“‘:;' until. generally, both died from | By, %% the necessity of the pe- exhaustion. jdestrian, impose much heavier fines on Learning about these barbarous acts|offenders, imprison more offenders, of cruelty the officers dacided to put a |take away their license, and for the man who kills and runs away hang- stop to them. So an officer was de-|ng 5 almost too good. i tatled to inspect the barracks dally and | Put many more police on the job. report on conditions. Checkmate—the | In every other city the pedestrian has some right-of-way. The police stop men appointed one of their follows 0 1, 'traMic both coming and going at watch for and give warning of the ap- | intervals on the most crowded streets proach of sald officer. Then one day |and let the people pass in safety. Here the watcher became careless, and the | the police direct only the traffic. ‘This country is for the people, there off §r was ascending the stairs while 8 { 3re many more pedestrians than au- b of cats were in the thick cf a toists. Yet the people have no right- f ffiying fight. One nimble-witted nf-way.dse‘irvl'?xlfif only the right to = be killed. With the greatest care, the r drew his sword and cut off the | ;reatest vigilance, 1 still maintain s talls at one swing. The cats went | that even looking behind and hefore, ’ to right and to left before crossing Lol ey he | any sirect In the city. it is still more fticer came in at the door. asked [ypan probable that you will be hit by /he meaning of the two tails danglinglan auto coming around the corner, from_the line and was told that two m;::nrlinz!;eem‘lngly o:xlol :owhm. kats had engaged jn such a terrific bat- aNg¢ e slogan, but above i rle it was mo-ga to stop them and , change and enforce the rules, enforce that they had fought untll there was|them rigorously and punish the of- nothing left but their tails. That's Kel- |fenders to the limit. s Jey's tale of the Kilkenny cats, . MARGARET MACMILLAN," . often but always, The working cla and the middle ciass cannot be mark- ed by any one rule. Yet is i here. Class is not determined by the amount one earns, nor even the way one earns it in_every case. The professor mag got Into overalls if he pleases, an make more money than he makes teaching, and if he has as much abil- ity as he has courage he rises in the industrial scale to & intenden: and is back again in class. Bu! if he has neither courage nor ability he sinks. Maybe it {s courage back: ing ambition and ability that defines the border between the classes. And then maybe not, for hers are these American union* workers starting a bank, which takes courage, ambition. ability and permanence in the soclal and economic scale. It's a puzzle. But the puzsle rep- resents reality. And but for our pub- lic schools and universities the reality would clamp down on youth as well as maturity. For which let us thank high heaven. Fail to Salute Flag. To the Bditor of The Star; : Near where I was standing watch- ing the Bafety week parade, there were at least twenty-five men. When the American flag came by, I turn- ed to see if the men had uncovered their heads. I was very surprised to see one man out of the twenty-five take his hat off. Are the American men ashamed of the Stars and Stgipes? These twenty-four men stood watch- ng the banners with “Don’t Get Hurt' on them, byt did not seem to see the flag when 1t went hy. Ave the Ameri- can men losing that spirit they had during the world war or are wv.h-‘ get- sing laspd M, ED) Aocording to a letter from relatives, dated November 5. thie year's harvest s about one-third normal. Flour and rice are selling at 300 marks and lard at 1,000 marks & pound. With the purchasing power of the mark still declining, how can they supply their needs and prevent starvation? Work a Faith Preached. The watchwords, “Work and faith in God alone can save us from utter destruction.” have been preached from every pulpit in the young republic ever since the armistice, Every Amer- ican observer, including members of Congress, with whom 1 have con- versed has assured me of an honest effort of thess people to convert their work into money in order to meet their obligations and purochase food and raw materlal, The German government olaims that already pald 38,242,970,000 gold equivalent to over $9,000,000,- 000, under the provisions of the Ver- sallles treaty, of which it is declared the entente has made due acknowl- edgment, In this connection it should be re- membered that Germany, under the treaty of Frankfort, exacted 5,000, 000,000 gold marks from France and regained two provinces—Alsace and Lorraine—which Germany contended had been German territory for over 800 years, 3 Lest Her Colonies. Germany under the Versailles treaty lost not only these two prov- inces, but also her colonies, the Saar district, Schleswig, the part of Upper Silesia awarded to Poland, to- gether with West FPrussia, Posen, Danzig and the Memel district, amounting to a loss of over six mil- lions in population and great nat ural resources. The German people have been bled white and can do no more for the presemt when. their very existence is at stake. #& is generally admitied ihat the ~ % Appeals for Justice and Aid For Starving in Germany |gold reserve in the Relchsbank is iwholly inadequate to buy the neces- sary foodstuffs and raw material, jand that an iaternational loan and suspension of -all reparation pay- jments for at least a number of years |ofters the only hope of relief. It is elleved that " international bankers {would come to the assistance of Ger- im-n)‘ if they had reasonable a: {surance that the burdens imposed by |the allles would not interfere with the ability of Germany to repay the |emergency loan. Rank and Flle Suffer. The charge made of ‘“scandalous prosperity and extravagance” may- apply to unscrupulous war profiteers, but is wholly unfounded as agminet the rank and flle of the German people. The people were in a state of semi-starvation at the close of the war; the deaths from consumption Lad doubled and their lot would have been most pitiful if it had not been for the splendid aid rendered by Hoover, the Quakers and the central committeo for rellef of distress in Germany and German Austria, of which the Hon. Charles Nagel is president. This committee is now feeding 800,000 children and only re- cently borrowed $300,000 for imme- diate emergency use. The people of neutral countries in Europe and even ' : themselves. But they, like Dr. Cope- land, the health officer and senatoy- ! elect from New York, have witnessed | the emaciated forms of children and | the eillent agony of starving men and women of th a [ classes. °1 ‘know that ‘the poers cas. aried sclentific staff of the Smith- sonian Institutlon has responded to the for food to appease T of scientific co-workers abroad. Hunger riots have aiready i!r:::;x ]::gorl(:dA nd if not appeased LY e civil war, anarchy and H Making Earnest Effort. | As the son of an ardent ocate jof a German republio in 1848, who tad vowed that none of his sons should serve under a German prince land potentate, I firmly believe that the great majority of the German people are making an earnest and sincers cffort to maintain such a form of government, and that nothing short of hunger and starvation will drive them into anarchy and confu- slon. I base this conclusion upon a study of the motives which prompted the German element to migrate to our hospitable shores and the role which they have played in the de- |velopment and in the defense of thetr adopted country. It would be a grave injustice, fraught with terrible menace, if French anti-German agitation should at this time deter humanitarian Ameri- cans from affording succor to those who need it 80 desperately in central Europe. These Americans of the District who re- spond to the appeal for food and cloth- ing for the starving Germans and Ger- |m¢ first year of high school. | that it is fully organized on the 4 been a comprehensive description of iparatively mnew imstitution in the American system of education. Con- sequently, the average person has but a vague conception of the junlor high school, while some, because of their ignorance of this institution, are prone to denounce it as “a new-fan- gled idea.” But the junior high school in the District Is an established’ institution. It has come to stay. And if Dr Frank W. Ballou remains at the head of the school system for a few more years, Washington will have a com- plete system of junior high schools. This has been his aim and one of his fondest ambitions since he became superintendent. 3 Dr. Ballou Answers Query. { Asan educational administrator Dr. {Ballou has not only been interested in the junior high school movement {he has also organized and supervised uch | Washington. { _Supt. Ballou's answer to the intro- uctory question as it relates to the unior high school which 13 being de- | veloped in the National Capital is: | “The junior high school s a sep- {arate school organized on tne de- ipartmental plan, which receives ipuplls when they are expected to i have completed the sixth year of the {elementary school and when they are about to enter the adolescent stage; ! which provides three years of work {covering grades seven and eight of the i present elementary school. and which !offers differentiated courses of study i for pupils appropriate to their inter- {ests, capacities and probable future ! educational careers. Since the junior high school is a romparatively recent development in | cuss sume of its essential character- Therefore, following are pre- ed some observations on the bove definition of tae junior high school. An Independent Organisation. 1. The junicr high school in Wash- fngton is a separate institution inde- | i | Washington. it seems desirable to dis- ! i jministration from either the elemen- itary schools or the high schools. It |is a centralized school recetving pu- ;plll in grades seven and eight from !!he adjacent elementary schools and continuing their education through It air- fers from the elementary school in { partmental basis. Most of the elemen- {tary schools in Washington are ton nall to make it possible to organize o seventh and eighth grades de- { partmentaily. {72 The fundamental purpose of the 1 junior high school Is to improve the iinstruction of puplls through a_bet- jter adaptation to their n | pendent in its orgauization and I‘-lo!her have been ! | struction. The courses of study and {methods of teaching, according to Dr. | Ballou, should be neither elementary nor high school courses. but they must be subordinate to the capacities and aptitudes of adolescent boys and girls. “Many pupils who have reached the age of twelve or thirteen years. whether having completed the eixth grade of the elementary school or not.” sald the superintendent, “ought to be transferred to the junior high school, where differentlated work can jbe provided for them more nearly in {accordance with their interests,” ca- i pacities and needs ™ | 5. To organize the District school it will include the junior high school means transform- ing the present eight-four-vear (eight ivears in the elementary schools and {four in the high schools) plan of ele- mentary and secondary education into the six-three-three plan, the middle three vears of which are spent in the Junior high school. 4 Special Courses of Study. The course-of study for the junior high school cannot be appropriated from the present elementary courses in grades 7 and 8 or from the first- year high school course. On the con- itrary, these courses must be reor- ganized on the basis of adolescent interests and needs. In the typleal junior high school the academic course of study will discard many of the reviews and some of the drills of the present seventh and eighth grade work. The junior high school affords opportunity for modern language in- struction to those puplis who plan to take a modern language in the high schools. It substitutes a mathematics course of three yveare, consisting of a the objects and functions of this eom-' as an educational development, hul) institutions before coming to! s of the | {subject matter and methods of in-| house construction must take place in the lmmediate future. All of the elementary schools are filled to « pacity, and most of them are ex: ingly congested. The high schoc are Ukewise 80 congested that most of them have been obliged to adopt a double shift program. From the standpoint of finance 1t will be more economical to bulld junlor high schools than it will be fo bafild both elementary and secondary schools. Moreover, a system of junior higi chools will provide better educa- tional facllities than will to our elementary schools and the high schools. By establishing a &ye- tem of junlor high schools, congestion can be most readily relieved in both the elementary and secondary schools. “It seems 10 have been the polis over a long period of years to bu elementary’ schools of eight roome The type of e tary school in Washington is an cight-room build ing. with four clascrooms on each «f two floors and with a good deal o waste space in the middle of the {butlding. This building w lpd to accommodate eight ¢ 2 class for each of the cight grades Bulidings Are Inadequate. I “This type of building is wholly | adequate to provide the necessa educational facilities of the mod up-to-date school. Such an eigh'- room building provides no manua tralning room, nor domestic sclence room, nor domestic art room. It pro- vides no kindergarten. It permits no differentiation of work amorn puplls. there being only one class 1 each grade. Moreover, the seven and eighth grade classes in th schools are each comparatively smal and the classes in the first two o three grades are usually far above the standard of forty pupils per class There are in Washington more ths Iseventy-five such buildings. Oh- viously, if the school system fs to provide the facilities required in a- up-to-date school system, those fac! ities must be instailed | v £ or provided as add modations. additions centers for their spe. | “As a means tow: system of organiza in the immediate vicinity of one a consolidated unde: one principal, who has been freed from teaching to supervise the work of sixteen or more teachers. som. of these cases of consolidation addi- tional facilities have been provide In others the accommodations will permit of the organization of kinde gartens or the setting aside of room- tralning and domest.c for manual science work. Complete Educational Units. ‘From the standpoint of hous. - | the public school pupils so as to pro- | vide appropriate educ tional faci |ities for o three definite ste are being tak In the first pl certain of these cight-room mentary school buildings are : ceptible of enlargement Sever: eight-room additions have been m to such butldings, with a provision the addition, as soon &s money Ci be secured. of & combination as- sembly hall and gymnasium. With . sixteen-room plant of this sort. : kindergarten and rcoms for epec |work can be provided A eixteen- room plant thereby becomes a COli- plete educational unit, and it is no necessary for pupils to travel b other buildings to receive instruc in any subject. N the second place. some of thes. buildings cannot be extended. The [Rrounds are not sufficient. | them are not so constructed th can be added to without ense, and others i Tion ihat they should be abanden rather than developed. —Appropr: tions are not now sufficient 1o Imak possible any considerable abandor- T e third line of development o7 the building program is the estal lishment of a junfor high school. The establishment of such & school mear. the taking of pupils from seven and eight out of several ¢ mentary schools in the vicinity. ill_relieve an o clagses and makes it possil %o reduce the oversized classes 5 carly grades. In some cases it Wi Toake it possible also to cstablish i arten. KT fnior_high schonl may be- come the center to which the pupil> of mrade four. fivé and six fron these eight-room buildings will to recelye their manuel (rmnl‘-“fif»~fij,; id artc instruction. ?fii"‘i.’in-flr‘nm‘ achool will rellev. some of the sixteen-room ele - schools of seventh and eigl congestion in such =schools. well integrated composite course in Lower Bullding Costs. arithmetic. algebra and geometry for £ cxpenss the present chronological treatment| “From the etandpoint of cxpe of thewe subjects. The English of the | the building of one junior hig in England bave been most generous in relieving distress, and much per- sonal relfef has been extended by citizens of this country. But much more needs to be done to avert the impending catastroph: The writer knows that the eight families which he has helped to sup- port since the armistios are.all hard- working, God-fearing people, who de man Austrians are sending their money contributions to Mrs. M. D. Koenlg, financial secretary, District of Columbia rellef committee, 400 Seward square southeast; old clothing to the Concord Club, 314 C street morthwest, or both to the Central Relfef Committes, Incor- porated, 247 East 41st street, New York city. All money contributed will, it is promised, be converted into flour, fats third year of the junifor high school, said Dr. Ballou, should not be pri- marily to meet college entrance re- quirements, but should be organized in consideration of the fact that a considerable proportion of the junior high school pupils will not completa senfor high school work, to say noth- ing of entering college. The science. history and geography work must likewise undergo thorough reorgani- zation, according to Dr. Ballou, such as the above course have already not misrepresent actual * conditions and need not fear starvation for! and milk powder and forwarded to German Red Crose. GEORGE M. KOBER. Members of Congress It Pays to Talk Into the Horn the | undergone. The prevocational courses for those puplls who are likely to leave school early, said the superintendent. should be patterned after the most intensive and diversified prevocational courses. Chief Objectives Somght. “The junior high school.” said Dr. Ballou, “should provide better edu- cation in grades 7 and 8 than the present elementary school. It should provide instruction in first-year high ‘While waiting for the dedate tn the Houss to be broadcast by radie, the people of the country are already get- ting a direct benefit from the instal- lation of the smplifying system in the House. They are getting it, while at the same tims the newspaper cor- respondants at' the Capitol are get- ting- a taste of ‘reporting de luxe. All this happens Because one ef the horn amplifyers has been placed in & lounging room in the press gallery, Heretofore when the Prestdent address- correspondents flosked into the gal- lery to note at what points in his speech the appiause cams, and to see it he deviated In any way frem the prepared text given to the _corre- spondents when the President starts speaking. i Nowadays the. - correspondents gather in that lounging room and lis- ten to the amplifying horn. There they can. smake, exchange remarks and hear mere distinotly than if sit- ting in the gallery. i Oftentimes it has besn impossible for. correspondeats ia the’ gallery té hear important speeches made on the [5chool equal to the instruction now floor, and they would have to walit|provided in the senior high school until the stenographic copy made by |for those pupils going to college. the House reporters wi available, | Moreover, {t should provide better Now, through the amplifyer, they can |instruction than the elementary hear quite distinetly and can grab off !school or the high school now pro- at once the salient paragraphg that|vides for pupils who are to leave they want to use in their reports. |school early. For such pupils the In this way the public generally gots |course fn the Jjunior high school quicker and more acourate service. |should follow the work offered in 8ince the microphones for amplify- [the elementary vocational schools of ipg the volce have been placed on{Washington.” 5 GR- or's rostrum, the olerk’s| 4. The junior high school will be desk and on the lecture stands in the |organised for two general groups of pit, small gresn rugs have been | pupils—namely, those who are goin; p on the cork floor of the House |to continue their school (runlnq for YI'. If & speaker walks away from |some time and those who are likely , n front or the microphone during |to discontinue their school work at the oratorial frensy into which they (an early @ge. Thoss who are to sometimes work themselyes the am- continue their school work through plifyer fails to catoh and/enlarge the |the high school will be well prepar- voice, It was to work psychologi-|ed in the junior high schoel to do cally upon the speaker that these|that. Those who ate to leave scheol small green rugs were placed on the |early will be better prepared to take floor—the idea being that when the jup some gainful occupation than a: stepped on the rug he |most pupils who now leave the upper mould be inclined to stay t:er:dlnd grades’ o the early years of high throw his voice where it should go |schools. fnto the microphone. As members| According to Dr. Ballou the im- are coming to learn that by staying | provements which the junior high on thess rugs they get more of what |schools should bring about in Wash- they say into the newspapers, they |ington may be classified around the are pay! more attention to throw- | following topics: Those relating to ing thejr vofes into the wmiernphone. | the pupils themselves: those relating And again the public henefits through |to social and economic conditions: those relating to the cost of study; those relating to teaching, and thess getting & prompt’ and accurate ac: ceunt of what is said on tife-floor, school will bring rellef to se smaller elementary school units less cost than would be necessary if the same relief were 1o be provided by the ersction of additions to sev- eral_different buildings 1% krom an _edncational point view the bringing together of larger number of seventh an elghth grade pupils than are now found in_any of our eclementan schools will make it possi ter clasaify those pupils in ance with their individual ties and needs. “By establishing scveral junior high® schools, relief wiil otherwi be provided for our overcrowd high school. The erection of a singl:- junfor high school provides relief. therefore, to both the elémenta: schools and the secondary schools Lure of Motor Car Found Irresistable “Don't run an automobile unless you can afford it.” was the advice John D. Rockfeller, jr. gave to his Sunday school class. But what's tho use? The automobile has a charm s potent that no advice affects those who come under its spell. Nothing in any way approaching its power of attraction has come into exist- ence within the memory of men ljx- ing. No other modern invention has had ecqual abllity to draw moner from the pockets of all mannep-ok men and women. It conquers alike the improvident and the thrifty. Its temptation is insidious and-ir: resistible. When it once takes hold of its victim he may say to himself firmly that he does not really meed a car, yet he knows in the bmeiciefl his mind that sooner or later O i ceage to resist and will become the 23RS e owner of a car. This same owner will not-be. abin perhaps, to explain the hold his car has on his affections, but the secret is plain enough. It consists chiefly in the sense of power to annihilate space and shorten time that it gives him. He likes the sensation of going with reasonable swiftness over the ground, of “getting there” soomer than he could do otherwise, of saving a little time, above all, is the sense of freedom the automatic vehic.e givéa him.—Terre Haute Star.