Evening Star Newspaper, May 28, 1922, Page 43

JALLIES MUST “French and British w OLIVER OWEN KUHN.; HILE the Russian Bear, in the face of agreements . with other nations. grum- u “bles to the east; with po- litical scheming of dangerous char- “‘Reter euatinuing in thé Balkans and “4rith extremo doubts as to possible Tesults of The Hague conference, it amay be expected that within the im- mediate future Premiers Lloyd George of England and Poincare of France -will meet in order that the drift of “these two countries from common al .Jiance may be checked. For only in alleviating the tension which has been _ ®rowing greater and greater—and Was not one whit lessened during the deliberations in "be expected to advance along lines desired. t Mos “tion of the world depend upon clos: _working alliances. Suspicion doubt must be buried. The bitter feeling that prevalls in governments /and in the hearts and minds of th peorles of these two conntries in pro- motion of political prestige must pass. BY Alllen Separnted -By Drifting Tides. _ Premier Llovd George failed to ac- omplish all that was necessary at Genoa if the day of settlement of the _continent’s vexatious problems is realized. The British still blame the French. Tha French, on the other hand, were maneuvered into their po- sition largely because of the fact that .the threats of isolation made it es- sential that they remain aloof. par- Ticularly when the policies advanced bv the Rritish premier did not coin- cide with the nationalistic aims of the present French zovernment. But it can be plainly seen that if the allies are to advance there must prevailing between the two great pre- miers at the moment. Poincare belleves that Lloyd George is ever maneutering against the French government to obtain a re- gime more amenable to British intent. Tloyd George and the British govern- ment spokesmen have from time to time openly blamed the so-called self- ish policy of tha French for the fail- ure of Europe to make greater strides toward rehabllitation along ecenomic, social and #nancial lines. From the very first Poineare was held to be a iingoist of the old school. a blood and thander nationalist. who was out to see French policy realized. eveh though it led to a break of the en- tinte. Rritish forces have threatened union with other nations and_ have vromoted the vpolicy of isolatine France unless France kog-tows to Eritish purpose. France nhder Poin- iare has not “kow-towed.” and the strong nationalistic sentiments sway- ing the chamber of deputies exists as much today as it ever did. Poincare. in view of the nationalistic sentiment prevailing in the chamber and being reallv desirous of advancing French restige, natvrallv has refused to essen one whit his demands or bend the slightest to the expressed wishes «f Llovd Georze. Bending undoubt- #7 fire in the chomber. and Poincare Genoa—can Europe | certainly does allied domina- and | be removed that susnicion and doubt | «11y would brin= unon his head coals | RECONCILE - PURPOSES TO GAIN SAFETY| Premiers May Meet Soon to Present United Front .Against Eastern' Menace. ' tors in the face of the German-Rus- siar. alliance, nor against a bloe of nations that would include Bulgaria. jAustria and Turkey. For the mo- ment they might. but this statement concerns future years, when all of the Present poverty-stricken countries to the east once more will be going concerns, and when the co-ordination of their sinews and might, undoubt- edly would lead to blitter .contests against present-day allies. Countries of eastern Europe today are in the | position of beggars. but that they al- . ways will not remain such is admitted | by Poincare and Lloyd George. But { the methods of these two slatesmen | in handling the situation have up to 1 the present been at variance. The British premier undoubtedly would woo, favor and advance allled parpose through trade and eesnomic agrcements, which, in measure, would make the other orely-pressed coun- tries of Kurope financially dependent in large measure upon the allies. The French have pursued & policy of trictly natlonal political advance- ment,t here existing today treaties and agreements which closely bind France to Poland and member nations of the { little entente. 'These political agree- i ments naturally have inflamed Brit- {ish thought just as proposed eco- | nomic agreenients of England have | {aroused France. it being believed that England has most to gain by trade agreements with those sections of the { world directly affected by the varlous { treaties of peace. However, the peoples of hoth France to feel and England are beginning that during the critical days to come | French and English statesmen should get closer together, should to a great- er extent co-ordinate their purposes and arrange to present a united front at all times In the darker hours to come. Bolsheviks Feared: Trotaky Thre: Though the Russians were greete.l ostensibly as cquals at Genoa, and {even though the®British would enter |intg trade agreements with them in | the hope of perpetuating bolshevik friendship and frustrating dire events, it nevertheless is a recognized fact ! that there are grave fears as to the future in eastern Europe. Premier Lloyd George has repeatedly ex- pressed these in recent days and they \are not without foundation. Trotzky. lone of the triumvirate of Russia {during the past week, expressed the thought: . “Don't ~ belleve in the Genoa speeches: trust only to your bayonets and your batteries. Cenferences will not give us what we need: this can oniy be obtained by having the red armies crose the frontier of capital- istic states and the red flag ve over the whole of Europe. Perhaps during the summer the red army will be called_upon to give proof of its fighting force.” Should The Hague fail of accom- plishment as did Genoa, will the red | armies of Russia be lcosed to gain | that which allied statesmen have fafled to grant in parleys. This is a question-that has given some concern, for it is known that the total red army is approximately | 2.000,000 strong and with the acquisi- tion of German brains Is well officered |and equipped. Millions of bullets | and shells and tens of thousands of BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is & brief sammary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended May 27: The Rritiah Empire~On the 20th Collins and De Valera concluded an agreement, as follows: “A national coalition panel for a third dall, representing both parties in the dail and in the Sinn Fein organization, will be put for- ward on the ground that the national position requires the intrusting of the government of the country to the joint hands of those who have been the strength of the natiorfal situa- tion during the last few years, without prej- udice to thelr respective positions. “This coalition panel to be put forward as from the Sinn Fein organization, the number from each party heing the present strength in the dail. “Other interests to be fres to contest elec- tions equally with the Sinn Fein panel. “After the election the executive shall con- t of a president. elected as formerly; a min- ster of defense, representing the army, and nine other ministers, five from the majority party and four from the ‘minority party. Ik ok ox * At first blush the above seems the most fan- tastic document that ever came out’of Ireland. Why elections for a new dail, if its complexion is guaranteed the same as that of the present * dail? Why should Collins, if the sentiment of the country is so overwhelmingly in favor of the London agreement, as he has claimed and probably rightly claimed. consent to recon- stitution of the dajl cabinet, now composed of nominees of Griffith and presumably Free State champions, so as to give the opposition almost equal representation with the Free State party therein? And how comes it that “ollins, head of the provisional government of e Free State, jolns in the assertion of the dia) cabinei as the government of the country? 1t does sound fantastic, and explain it how one will, it is fantastic. What, then, is the true explanation? It Is a very pretty study for the political philosopher. The explianation not Infrequently heard, that Michael Collins is dealing falsely withthe British government and that he Is in collusion with De Valera to * nullify the London agreement, 1 dismi: of other explanations’ the one which pleases me most ds richly human and humorous; namely, %that Collins has chosen a subtle way to placate De Valera and ghe other bitter-enders, who know they would be beaten on a show of hands, by seeming to treat them as more im- portant than they really are. There Is, indeed, a4 rumor that De Valera has signified his ac- ceptance of the Free State. If 50, we must take our hats off to Collns as one of the su- preme humorists in_ politics (where too few humorists are found); the shade of Lincoln must be delighled. Six months yet remain of the time allotted for fulfillment of the London pledges: for establishment of a constitution and a constitutional parllament and govern- ment of the Free State. The British government being quite non- plussed by the Collins-De Valera agreement, Winston Churchill Invited Collins and other Irish leaders pledged to the Free State to Lon- don to explain. The invitation was accepted. and Griffith and Duggan reached London on Friday, Collins expecting to follow. Perhaps within'a day or two we shall have authentic light on what seems so—well, fanatic. * k k ok Out ‘of hand Irish republican army detach- ments have been disporting gloriously in Ulster, burning beautiful houses and castles. si blowing up police barracks, destroying rail- ways. murdering, etc. In Belfast I'rotestants and Catholics , vie in the perpetration of horrors. Thirty-five persons were shot to death during the seven days ended May 21, and, of course, many more wounded, besides arson and other plcasantries. ' On the 23d the Ulster government issued a proclamation declaring illegal within the area of the six counties organizations of the Irish republican army, tne Irish Republican Brother- hood, and the Irish Volunteers. The proclama- tion furthermore declares that persons join- ing or remaining members of these organiza- tions are liable to arrest and prosecution. On_the same day the Ulster government rounded up cfficers and men of the I R. Agand other prominent Sinn Feiners, more than’ 300 in all, suspgcted of acting or plotting agaimst -the peace. N ‘ b The proclamation and 'round-up were the immediate result of the week end orgy. of murder and son of I R. A. detachment: noted above: of the murdef of Mr. Twadell, member of the Ulster parliament: and of th Collins-De Valera agreement, which has con- vinced the Ulster authorities of the necessity of drastic defense measures. Sir James Craig intimates that Michael Collins has gone back on the London agreement, and that the Collins- De Valera agrecment was conceived in bad faith, * K %k ok Reverulr‘nx thelr own previous decision, the committee on privileges of the house of lords has decided, by a vote of 20 to 4, against Lady Rhondda’s claim to a seat fn,that house 'as a peeress In her own right. Some twenty Deeresses are aflected by this decision. Why, my lords, act thus peevishly? Why kick againet the pricks? You know you can't exclude ‘em much longer. You may be sure that, if the sex Sisqualification remov which Lady Rhondda bases her claim, will not procure her admission to the lords, another act will. Maj. W. T. Blake, Capt. Norman MacMillan and Lieut. Col. Broome started from the Croy- don Aerodbme, near London, on Wednesday, on their great adventure; an attempt to circle the earth by airplane. They expect to do it in ninety days. On Thursday Lloyd (George made his report to the commons on th# Genoa conference, and Ly a vote of 235 to 26 the commons gave him their approval. The speech indicates that Lioyd George is, very tired. * X ¥ ¥ Germany.—The bankers’' committee (of which J. P. Morgan is a member), convened under the auspices of the! reparations commission to ex- amine, deliberate and advise as to the condi- tions -under which an international loan to Germany (the proceeds to be chiefly devoted 1o liquidation of reparations obligations) may be floatable, begau its task in Paris on the 24th. On the 26th the committee announced, that & loan would be out of the question unlees the German government should accept in full the latest terms presented to it by the repara- tions commission. The committee's statement was communicated to the German government by Herr Bergmann, who represents Germany. before the committee, and the committee ad- journed until the 31st, by which date the de- cision of the German government should be forthcoming. From the nine eminent bankers who form the committee there is every reason to expect disinterested and coldly scientific criticism of the German reparations problem; and their declsion above cited is a feather,in the cap of the reparations commission. * % X X Rungia,—While Tchicherin was agreeing to the non-agression compact, that spitfire Trot- sky was addressing the graduating class of soviet military cadets as follow: “Don’t belleve in the Genoa speeches: trust only in your bayonets and your batteries. Con- ferences will not give us what we need. This can only be obtained by having the red army cross the frontiers of capitalistic states and the red flag wave over the whole of Europe. Perhaps during the summer the red army will be called upbn to give proof of its fighting force.” The western nations are doubtless expected to shake in their boots. But it will be remem- bered how. In 1920, Russian forces under: the personal direction of Trotsky melted away a fashion truly ridiculous before Polish fofces directed by Frenchmen. Unless the Russian army has been miraculously improved sin Trotsky was fain to sue for peace, Trotsky’ threats are laughable. But which are we regard as expressing Muscovite intentions— Trotsky’'s trheats or Tchicherin’s Pacific prom- ises? * % X X hina.—Responding to a flanking movement by Wu Pei-Fu, Chang Tso-Lin abandoned his ' army returning’ in sorry plight. _government_looking to * Reconstitution at Peking of th -small, but effective national armg. ‘Position at Kaifing and- withdrew the rem- aant of his army acrows the Lunshos Still T Ponlln. he retired precipitately mnorth of the' great'wall, in his retréat tearing up the Tientsin-Mukden : rallway, ' whieh American troops repsired as far as Shanhaikuan. There 18 & runior that dissatistection with Chang is shiowing itself: {n Manchuria; & feeling height- ened by the spectacls of soldiers of-the beaten The Peking government, with Wu.Pel-Fu's approval, has made proposals to the Canton Chin unity. These proposals are sald to contemplate In chief: parliament illegally dissolved several years ago and restoration to function of the provisional con- * stitution of the republic; and disbandment of the armies of the Tuchuns and creation of & Wu Pei-Fu hesitates to make the sugges- tion, as President Hsu Shlh-ch.n{ is a charm- ing gentleman, but Hsu Shih-Chang's retire- ment is necessary to acceptance by Canton of a plan of unification. His election-was yn- constitutional. The importance of the proposal that the old parliament be re-established seen in the fact that the Cantoh parliament a rump of that parlizment? on which fact is based the claim of the Canton government to be the constitutional government of China. One report states that Sun Yat-Sen is invad- ing Kiang-Si province. Another report states that Sun, Yat-Sen s eager for an arrangement with Wu Pei-Fu. , These reports may, perhaps, be reconciled.. Doubtless Sun Yat-Sen had a violent impulse to extinguish that upstart Wu . Pei-Fu; and the more so because-the latter is estéemed a true patriot, which is trespassing on the Woctor's preserve. Therefore he set his sorry legions marching norgh. B But Sun’s cabinet includes several very clever and sensible men (such as Wu Ting- fang and Tang Shao-Yi), who are aware that the only raison d'etre of the Canton govern- ment has been that it stood against the re- actionary elements in Peking for the revolu- tion and its authentic first fruits. Now, as stated ahove, the. Peking government, under the inspiration of Wu Pei-Fu, proposes to re- call the old parliament and to re-establish the provisional constitution. Indeed, Wu Pei- Fu proposes to go farther, and to bring to justice those who have betrayed the republic; and especially those whose pockets have grown fat through peculation. Sun Yat-Sen perceives that his cabinet have their ears cocked for the consummating an- nouncement from Peking that Hsu Shi-Chang is to go, and that, upon such announcement, he would have no support in a separatist atti- tude. . He, therefore, draws in his horns:; pre- sumably he has halted the northern mareh of his warriors. * %k X ¥ Mincellaneous.—On the night of May 21, in a dense fog off Brest, a French cargo steamer rammed and sank the British Pacifiic and orient steamer Egypt, and sixteen passen- gers (out of forty“four) and eighty six of the crew of the latter were drowned, 230 persons being rescued. The war has made us indiffer- ent to loss of life, but there is one circum- stance of the disaster which deserves notice. The Egypt did not sink until twenty minutes after she was rammed. It should have been * possible to launch all the boats and save all souls except the few killed in the collision, but the lascars, who formed the great major- ity of the crew, fought for possession of the boats as they were lowered by the whites, and the latter, having to fight the lascars, were prevented from lowering all the boats. The whites seem to have behaved with galiantry. After all, there are superior and inferior races, aren’t ‘there, Mr. Liberator? _The Austrian cabinet of Schober has re- signed; an important fact, since it is due to the pan-Germans. A commercial convention between Italy and soviet Russia was signed at Genoa on the 24th. Apparently it goes no farther thgh the Russo- British trade agreement, though Tchicherin was eager that the Italians should break their faith with the other projectors of The Hague negotiations by accepting concessions. 5 #&members the fate of Clemencean, | Tevzues and Briand Rut_this firm attitude in pernetuat- ine French wishes and French pur- poses has brought France to a point | where she cannot much longer ad-! vance without co-operation of Brit- ain. Most certainly she would avoid any policy of isolation which still Thoms in the distance: The French did not like the idea of noa. because they would be forced +h deal with the Germans and the Russlans. against both of whom the French have tremendous claims. The French never will forgive the Ger- mans and though they might forgive the Russfans. they first want Russia ta restore property rights and guar- antee pre-war French claims against guns and airplan are being manufactured. ? Europe fears invasion. It is for this reason that the German-Russian treaty is so looked upon askance. It is a reason for private délibera- tions of Poincere and Lloyd George, for if the allies do not present a vnited front. do not reconcile the differences in_nationalistic viewpoint that have threatened to separate them and should they not go to The Hague with a definite program bolshevik invasion is not without the bounds of possibility, particularly should the reds come to- believe that the allies are not ready and could not get ready in time to stem the red tides at eastern European fron- the old czarist rezime. ust as Poin-! tiers. care held aloof from (ienos he mav| [t may be expected that Franco- i continue to hold aloof from The | British differences will be adjusted few weeks. to the Hague. unless there are nretty definite | during the that there will be sdvance agreements between the| point Te French and Lloyd George. {no cii ding the safety of Europe. \Neither the French nor the Kllied Nations Must | British_ will like to give and take Feer Into Future. {in the things which fo each are held /The allies canhot expect to main- ital. in the promotfon of national- €ain their present position of dicta- ' they must. ext st stic purpoge. but give and taken Give and take they will. Holds That Metric Measures Are Inferior to U. S. System | and measures. superior in every w: to the metric system. merely’ Iiy the use of decimal .divisions and mul- tiples of the English foot, the avoir- dupois ounce. and the British fluid ounce. which have the same decimal | corelation as have the basic units of | To the Editor of The Star: “ A friend has handed me a clipping of the letter of W. L. Peters which | appeared In a recent issue of The| gfar advocating the compuisory and esclusive use of the metric system ot weights and measures in the United | (WS DEUTIS SYRtET., Indeed, the metric | $tates. Mn Peters is apparently anin the corelation of the units of employe’ of the American Metric As- 1:::}:11_:1 With the units of mass and P 5 : capacity is but a counterfeit of sociation. 1 would say thdt he Mas|ge imai corelations which exist ‘:‘r‘f féarned his little piece very well a%d 9.1 doubtless recite it to any listen- ar witgycalls upon nim at the rooms @ the association in this city. “There is one statement in Mr. Pe- fers’ letter to which I desire to ad- wert., He says: ““There is a relation between the ¢#nits of the metric system that is not found in our present system. The dube of the tenth of a meter or a Jecimeter gives you the unit for ca- pacity measure. The cube of a centi- meter gives you the unit for weight measure.” Metries Practically Applied. What I desire to tell Mr. Peters, which pie and metric zealots generally @e not know, is that our present Brit- ssn fluid ounce, which is becoming the primary unit of capacity, is precisely wie cube of the tenth of the English foot, and that the avoirdupois ounce, | thig kind. Yet the public moneys are which 18 now our primary unit of|peing expended in' the teaching. of| weight, is precisely equal to theiniy impractical relic of the. Fyomch weight of the cube of the tenth of | eyolution. And plans are now :"':' :\h: 5‘31’,?4‘.5.,37: l;:-nceT h::'d ’inelux;?l{-' made to carry on more intensive met- e may both be directly | ric instruction In the schools of the dorived from the tenth of the English [ District of Columbia. Such use of public funds should be interdicted, Zot, precisely as are the cublc centl- gter and the gram of the metric astem Doth derived from the hun-|and students should be relieved from d,fmln of xtlhe meter. i i being plagued with this impractical .t is quite as convenient and easy | glien thing. Moreover, th . Y i . the appropri- ¢ use decimal divisions and declmalf i, which our government febas annually to keep the French meter st Sevres cooled down to frbesing tem- multiples of the ounce and the fluid i,nce as it is to use decimal divi- peratire, should be repeals o Continued. ' The Burean o:‘sg..':.'.l::,‘s. herently and naturally between the foot, the ounce and the fluid ounce Q(Jour common system. ames Watt, the great Bri mechanician - and inventar of the steam engine, pointed out these core- lations and proposed a decimal system of weights and measures based upon the foot and the ounce. This is the | only basis for the pretense of the metric propagandists that James Watt invented the metric system. I Jave recently seen a 500-page book ©f metric propaganda dedicated tol James Watt as_the founder of thel| metric system. The assumption by !:nurlc pr?.nazandtsu that they cllll ‘et away” with fakery of this kmd,l indicates their estimation of th - libility of the American publie. o Instruction in Schools. If a private individual had to pay for the instruction of his children in the metric system, there are not many who would pay for education of ons or multiples of the gram and cubic centimeter or millimeter, d it is :ln hnna.r;d u-k;'u mgiedpnc- tigai to do so. Package goods are ?}:ndy coming to the trade In 10, 20, | S1OUIS Cetss Using public funds in 30 and 40 ounce packages; goods sold | {7% BTN O T lmposstble in bottles are coming to the trade in | Y01, " Tha® oumadnide. | And the 19, 20, 30 and 40 ounce bottles, and | CiU D, Co Tt 8 o rdure 1y, Saond Fe ganned goods are already coming to|Cial” Folicitation for & system - of tive trade in 10, 20, 30 and 40 ounce| . ights and measures which the dans. And scales are now on the | " Corgress of 1866 recognizes oniy market with beams and charts grad- | ot COPSTEER of JIS66 recos sa ueted to indicate tenth and hun-|ricans or tables for its converston , dredths "‘!_?; ounce and decimal|into “the welghts and measures of the ! maltiples o e ounce. ‘United States.” This official hobby- i. Helds U.S. System Superior. ing and lobbying for a foreign system & of weights and measures should be ,The fact is tnat we may have albrought to ssmmary termination, | mind, = |populari: Iple in the United States. Perfect decimal system of. weighis ana Congress should interdict the the coumir, direct or indirect use of public funds for metric promotion or propaganda. Indorsenients by Professors. I know that a great many pro- fessors have indorsed the metric sys- tem. But the country is full Of professors who are mere indexers, digesters, ruminators, commentators, collators, collaborators, researchers and rehashers, who produce tons of tomes, but who do not seem to have any sense of probity, ponderance ot proportion. or capacity for mae.l pendent thought. They are not com- petent to dissolve or resolve a com- | 7 subject in which primary terms | S : sony ;é;ir:‘tle’ma dross and crystallize the sider Alaska and the possibil clear truth of the matter. If you ities afforded by that remote assume a fallacy as the basis of 2pbut by no means inaccessible land, at cult or propaganda, there seems (o b2 | the same time the committees on edu- ?an!la‘cl;?nll(?s :h:s ru:vn fallacies are |cation of the Senate and House is A tipiied, projected and popularized | considering ‘the public school question to the utter m“‘"x“‘m{l:n' o ::gng in the District of Columbia. oplnlon,"\‘ldnfllln:h: a6 person is| In Alaska, according to Gpv. Scott P st mental perception and men-|C. Bone, formerly of Washington. tal integrity sufficient to reject BUCh | gohool teachers are more highly paid d fallacles. The metric s¥8- | pgp the teachers of any state in the tem, socialism, the single tax and the o mo for an adjustable dollar, are | Union, the average annual salary of examples of fallacies that are never|nhigh school teachers for the school e ofessional advocates in & | ot SIC O g $1,600 and of free country. elementary school teachers $1,500. Blind Leading the Blind. Superintendents received an average Practically every person who has|{galary of $2,160. signed the hundred-thousand POSt| yn 1910 the census revealed only card petitions for the mef.rlc System | 129 school teachers (female) in ‘Alas- knows less about the subject than the |3 But, “In 1920, in spite of the fact propagandists who solicited the Si€-|that the Alaska men marry them natures, and these propagandists have | apoye as fast as they come to the much to learn about the subject. Iffierritory, the number hid increased ever there was a case of the blind|¢, 245 wrote E. A. Sherman, asso- leading the blind these metric Dropa- | ciate forester, in a memorandum on gandists and their petitioners present | oj1a5a prepared last fall. . The metric system is a|" [ :(“:::‘fl: :;:fem It is a simple system ‘There are still too many bachelors for simple people. But the hundred{in the country,” according to Mr. housana simpletons who signed these | Sherman, who Was considering the ost-card petitions must not; :‘r‘fi;ficm"u they constitute & majority | matter from the point of view of ¢ The hundred million and more peo- | progress from a transient to a per- B foince. of bacos: | TiAnent population. ?'{;tetl:eh:;':;;: System of memsures | the agricultural experiment station at in“this country as Esperanto has of | Matanuska told me that all the home- D coming the common language,of our | ctcaders in that neighborh = people. rhere 18 no room for two of- :‘h . < e " x Dx?d were ficial systems in this country. The | bachelors e: P S our, ut this answer to the professional propagan- | condition is being rémedied as fast as dists who propose to outlaw our com- | the school ‘marme’ brought in_from system of % 3 Sught o be & movement to outlaw | the states will permit it. the metric system in the United el tates. c,firc‘::c-nl:?;:l-,.::tl‘mw:ll:v z;:“l:le‘:x_- Furthermore, Alaska would seem to Cussion of this question before the|be & pretty prosgerous country, judg- people at large the inevitable verdict | jng from the income tax returns for T e AR ey © “_oPUon [ 1919, which show that 17.17 per cent SAMUEL RUSSELL. |of the population filed income tax re- turns, as against 13.40 per cent of the population of the District of Colum- bia, 8.43 cent of the population of the staté of Washington and 6.5 per | cent in New York and Illinofs. Not only did more Alaskans pay. an income_tax than the' peoplé of any other state or territory under .the American flag. but the net income of the territory was higher than any- where except the District of Colum- bia, while at the same time the aver- income on which taxes were paid was lower, showing that the number of tremendously large incomes.'was gmall and that wealth in Alaska is more widely distributed than in the state: 5 i Aside from the financial and matri- mondal possibilities, the new “teach- er from_the states” would probably find plenty of friends of her own sort, for, to quote Gov. Bone, “Ninety per cent of the ‘teachers in Alaska are either mormal school or collegé graduatés.” The percentages of ‘those . who have had teaching' ex- BY WINIFRED MALLON. EACHERS in the Washington schools might do well to con- Price Deflation Aid to Buildin Corrected wholesale price statistics on lumber and building. materials for the month of April as recently an- nounced by the bureau of labor sta: tistics -of the Department of Labor show that “probaply mo other com- modities, with the exception of farm products, have sustained such a de- fiation in price,” John W. Blodgett, president of the National ,Lumber Manufacturers’ Association, declared in a etatement yesterday. \ Revision of data. upon which the April prices were originally given by the bureau show that these were 30 per cent too high, Mn tt said, adding that the “injustice hitherto done _to building materials” was by the buresu taking the New. York market prices as the basis for its calculations. ‘Those prices, he #aid, were “utterly unrepresentative of general lumber priced. throughout, o i &0 “The director of | ience Drior to 1920, he adds, is.far bt 5 NG W B Syl SN T it T M o A DA I e e —— e Women and Public Affairs School Teachers in Alaska Get High Pay, But Cupid Doesn’t Permit Them to Remain Long on the Job of Teaching School. the minor children under = measure just enacted by the general court, which gives to the last surviving parent the rigAt to appoint such guardians, ' this measure being one of those introduced by the Massa- chusetts League of Women Voters. The judiciary committee has recom- mended that & recess committee be appointed to investigate the question of jury service for women, this re- port being submitted in place of the greater than for the teaching force|Dill introduced by the league pro- of any of the states Further, to quote Mr. ual in schools which enroll one-half of all the pupils, and cooking in schools nrolling one-third. while commer- ial subjects are part of the cur- riculum which enroll two-thirds of the high school pupils. i “Schools which enroll more than one-half the school children of the territory are equipped with motion picture projectors.” e * X *x ¥ The women's bureau of the De- partment of Labor, headed by Miss Mary Anderson, reports that in Massachusetts, following the opinjon of the supreme judicial court ~of Massachusetts that no amendment to the state constitution is necessary to permit women to have any, elective or appointive office and that the gen- eral court has authority to enact leg- islation, a bill making women elig- ble to hold elective or appointive Jffices has been passed in connection with ‘the civil service. Department heads, however, retain the-right to request man candidates, and the ' Civil Service Commission may, as at pres- ent, limit examinations to men. The measure, which becomes effective in ninety days, will make it possible for women to be candites for the legis- lature this year. * ¥ ¥ *x Massachusetts mothers will have the same rights as fathers in ap- pointing _testamentary guardians for Teacher: Meetihg - Themes Outlined Dr. W. G. Cove, president of, the National Association of Teachers o Englend and Wales, Will make 2 special trip.to America.to attend th: sixtieth annual meeting of the Na tional Education Associdtion, whic: will be held in Boston from July - to 8, it was announced yesterday a the headqUiarters of the associatiop., The general theme of the program for the Boston meeting ls “Educatior. and the Democratic Awakesing.” It will emphasize the connection be: {yeen the great democr ic impulse that has followed the war and the intensified interest in every phase of educational endeavor, which is evi- dent not only In America, but throughout the world. Among those who will address the sessions of the association are' Mrs. Thomas G. Winter, president of the General Federation of = Women Clubs; Alvin M. Owsley, national di- rector of the Americanism Commis- sion of the American Legion; Mrs Maud Wood Park, president of the National League of Women “Vote Bone: “Man- training and sewing are taught; | | viding that women mav gerve on juries. - In spite of the petition filed by representatives of women's organi- zations to provide that one member of the industrial accident boari of Massachusetts might be a woman, the measure was adversely reported on by the committee on state adminis- tration. = * * ¥ % In New York none of the separate bills Introduced by the Laague of ‘Women Voters to secure civil equal- ities for wonfen was passed. Through the Eyes Of an Antipodean (Continued from First Page.) shipers.” so why perpetuate one of the most prolific sources of this dis. tasteful pseudonym “When is a lamb not a lamb? 1 don’t think thgre is any age limit for lambs in this country. The butcher looks hurt when you suggest that you will have a pound of mutton chops. “These are lamb,” he .corrects. “Then where are the mutton chops “There is no mutton in America.” he replies. Unlike the modern girl, who hurries to maturity, the lamb lingers long in its succulent and tender youth. What? The butcher says it is lamb; So it must be lamb. No butcher was ever known to lie. There are many things about.your education system which puzzles me, but the most Inexplicable is why you |have,“commencement” at the end. Frederick J. Libby, eecretary of the' National “Council for the Reduction of Armaments; Channing H. Cox, Gov- ernor of usetts, who will wel- e the teachere to Boston and New land nd leadine educators frow seetion cf i Uk wac it R S S \1.!1 When ydu first go shopping and are sked to “try this, dearle,” or “look it this, honey,” you wonder whom you have been mistaken for. So you turn on your English accent full >last in order to correct the impres- then! the. honey comes thicker. “hey probably do it to make you feel it home pnd break down thoge bar- ‘iers which being a foreigner erects. 4 may tell you that the true Britisher, n no matter what land he may roam, regards everything else as foreign. He is a Britisher“in every country of the world and a foreigner in none. At first you mneed an interpreter when out shopping. You ask for boots, and after some argument you are persuaded to look at high shoes. Here, /by the way, it i a sleek youth who strokes Your silken ankle as he fits on your No. 6. “A modest maiden performs. this rite in our demure cou try. Here, t00, & blouse is a waist (whether you have one or not), a cos- tume is a suit, a drapery shop is a dry goods store (sounds like grocer- fes) and the chemist lfves in a drug store. _Braces are called suspenders, | suspenders garters and a garter i3 probubjy an epfagement ring. If. |POWER FOR THE FUTURE - BIG PROBLEM OF TODAY ‘tion”? BY WILL P, KENNEDY. HAT of the fugl for the future? ~What ' of for the future? The! ‘-ple questions draw aside the curtain on the blggest and most vital problems that the United States as a nation I% facing. Théy open up for the statesmen a new era in Amer- jcan history. The present troubled situation with regard to the_cosl supply, which has shaken the enfife industrial struc- ture of the country, the recent fight 2 < in Congress over the naval oil re- senw and the impénding gigantic water-power developments bring these Juestions sharply to the public ind. : & Insistently asked by enlarging groups of the people, they will force Congress to enact legislation of tre- mendous import. The contest is now being organized, and the question of conservation against control of profits looms as/a vital issue. Within a few years what now sounds like very radical legislation will be enacted, according to the best judgment of these in public life and in private in- Bustry who have given closest thought to the national storehouse. United States Is Rich In Emergy Resources. “No other country has one-fiftieth part of the total energy resoufces of the United States” Thomas A. Read of the United States bureau of mines recently announced, after re- ducing to terms of potential' energy the estimated coal, peroletm and water-power resources 6f the princi- pal nations. But the United Staies has been drawing heavily on these energy resources. &s emphasized by Dr. H. Foster Baim, director of the bureau of mines. The Indian was the first conserva- tionist—by non-use. In the same area today Americans support ap- proximately 125,000,000 people, and every individual has more than any red man had before the white man came. American _civilization _today is sustained by Intensive use of ma terial resources such as no other na- tion has achieved. But it Is charac- teristic of America to substitute me- chanical for animal emergy at every possible opportunity. We are draw- ing heavily and with increasing drain upon our resources. > Two and three hundred years ago the people were content to spread in enlarging. waves over the countr but in the last hundred years the have done new things and drawn heavily, and more heavily. on the.re- sources, Roosevelt saw this coming and fourtcen years ago called the first great national conservation con- oress; but then it was largely theory. and without the nation having any reliable inventory of its prop- erty. People Waking te Fact That Limit Exists. The public today appreciates, as it aid mot then, that there is a limit to our supply of gas. oil. coal. etc. The world war, throwing heavy de- mands upon our industries and com- pelling economic efficiency, forced careful studies to be made regarding our national resources; and it‘is on 2 basis of these that the new national polfcy is to be founded. The war also brought the engineering profes- sion to the fore. i Our national stock-taking empha- sized that there is an enormous waste in our industries, much of which is preventable. Conditions have been somewhat improved in consequence. |Gas wells are mo longer generally turned loose to blow into the air even in flelds remote from development nor are flambeau burned to no pu pose save the lighting of a country barnyard. Highly intelligént study is devoted to the preservation of oil sands from encroachment by water. {Panel mining permits much mare { complete recovery in coal mines. Such technical improvem®nts have resulted mot only in_ improving re- ‘cover_\z but in actual profit. House Leader Mondell boasts that in Wi ming $47.000 expended in conmserva- tion work on certain ,graups of oil wells resulted in incredsing the yield {o the extent of more than $300.000. with larze incidental benefits to the entire fleld. This shows that the en- gineer may be the best conservation- by conserving while he uses with ist profit. Metals and Fuels A Difterent Basis. Dr. Bain stresses that most min- eral and. metal mining can continue. since there is mo necessarily large aissipation of our resourees—the minerals are not lost—on the prin- cipal that a dollar won today and set to work is worth more than the dollar that will be paid in twenty or fifty years. But with fuels the situation is dif- erent. Fuel once burned is gone. It iis a most precious resource for heat Iand light, and as a source of enerzy 1 Sometlung.More 'l‘hn.n Me:c“Conserva- Held to Be Necessary to Prevent " .~ Exhaustion of Resources. that may be substituted for' man's labor. So far as present knowledge goes, there is no sufficient supply of energy available which may be sub- stituted. The potential water .power of the United Btates, including even that which might be developed st costs now. regarded as high, would only do the work now beingy@one by steam and water combined and would permi¥ of mno further growth. It Wwould require our entire corn-grow- ing area to produce enough alcohol to substitute for the gasoline now de- manded, and the land is worth more to use for growing corn. Solar, inter- molecular and other forms of energy. while known and measurable, are not practically available. Our {8l supply. while large, is 1im- ited, and common prudence dictates that every effort be made to prevent waste in its production and utiliga- tlon. Here f& a borderiand where en- gineering, economics and politics are contending. Public Poliey Rumi Counter to Bconomics. Dr. Bain emphasizes that there are two separate probiems involved ana that in formulating public policy these must be kept in mind. In the oil and gas flelds competition is synonymous with water, and yet our { whole public policy has been to force competition. The country has been facing a great coal sirike which might well lead to profound changes in industry, and yet the most funda- mental ~fact is that there are too many mines in the bituminous flelds and have been for vears. None the leas, the national government is to- day freely granting leases on its coal [lands which will inevitably result in still more mines to vex a troubled industry. Thus public policy runs counter 'to_ecojomics and engineer- Ing. Conservation by law always work out well results in waste. Naval petroleum reserves No. 1 and No. 2 were cfe- ated in California to furnish & future fuel supply for the Navy. The plan was to hold the ofl In the ground as the cheapest form of storage. Un- fortunately the land did not all be- long to the government. Careful studies have demonstrated that the | government has already lost upwards of $8.000000 worth of oil through failure to drill its land properiy. Re- lief of gas pressure through the wells on private lands will result in & diminution of production on the naval reserves. Arrangements have mnow been made to take out the govern- ment oil and store it for the Navyr. Forcing More M On Wealthy Indian In the Osage nation oil lands by {structure and ownership are favor- able for indefinite storage in the ground. But existing law requires the Secretary of the Interior to open it up for development by sale of leases every three months, although the Indians drawing the royalty are per capita the wealthiest people in the world. Millions of cubic feet of the mos fecious and limited gas helium a being turned into the air every day without benefit to any one. Wise con- servation here would be of undefin able nati6nal benefit. Waste in industry must be reduced But conservation is not helped b: legislating, or fafling to legisiate when the thought in mind is distri bution of the profits of Industry; that is a separate problem. What Is to be the fuel of the fu- ture? It will not be eletricity, the government officials believe, because it would be too expensive in the form of heat. The only thing in sight today that in quantity has a look-in are the ol shales of the west, they say. Here are billions of gallons in reserve: but the cost of production is prohibitive umtil the price of gasoline goes much higher. There, these officials of the bureau of mines say. is Where we will get our oils of the future. Forecast the Coming Of a Gas Age. We are facing a gas age rather than an electrical age, they forecast. and that the coming fuel is through gasification of coal. It is even sug- gested that it is “a crime” to burn coal in its raw state, as far as our ultimate resources are concerned; but it is now an economic necessity, be- causé it doesn't pay yet to refine the coal for general industrial use. When the price of coal goes soaring it will have to be processed (gasified), so that in factories and homes we Wiil burn cheap. low heat value gas. It is even stated that there are many does not ometimes It “or: city laws” that demand too rich a gas. Legislation will look toward putting lower-grade gas through the mains and doing away with furnaces and stoves. The coming fuel will be smokeless. these students of the situation point out, because all the tars and vapors that make the smoke are going to be converted into by-products. So sane, practical, economically efficient_conservation is coming be before Congress soon, with a view to getting the best national policy in the light of wofld war lessons and developmenis. !Dispute Over Tacna and Arica Just what is the “Tacna and Arica controversy” which 'is holding the center of the diplomatic stage in Washington while special envoys {from Chile and Peru try to solve it? The National G'eo‘rnphic Society, from its headquarters here, says: “The Tacna-Arica matter may ap- | pear to be merely a Qquestion of whether & plebiscite shall be held and how, but there is a great deal more behind it. As a matter of fact it is intimately concerfed with questions that involve Bolivia, as well as Peru and Chile, ®hough the first-named |country has no claim to 'the Tacna- iArica area itself and is not repre- [sented at the Washington meeting. j wars, treaties that are none too clear, indemnities, filibustering expeditions, valuable mineral ®deposits, strong military positions, national sensibil- ities and politics—these are some of the many cross currents that affect both the two-sided and three-sided aspects of the problem. “Phases of the question can be traced back to the days when Peru and Bolivia were connected under thy vice-royalty of Peru, but it be- came a full-fledged problem during the last quarter of a century. Then Chile stopped more than 508 miles short of its present northern boun- dary, Peru ‘extended some 300 miles farther south and Bolivia—now the land-locked Switzerland of - South America—had a coastline of nearly 200 miles. This 500-mile strip is largely a region of desert plateaus and rocky mountains, and sixty years ago it was considered. very nearly worthless. Chile had not even ade- uately explored her northern fron- tier provinces and Bolivia and Peru were far from being intimately ac- quain ':l'{h their hr{flo‘fl“el. ‘Tn:n came thp discovery of ric nitrate desosits T i Tae BSiiiun- “constal - Longa Clpud in South America cgfion. There was a rush of miners wd prospectors from various coun tries, among them many Chileans When friction arose between the Bo- livian government and a Chilean mining company over the payment of taxes, Chile sent soldiers and later declared war against Bollvia. Peru was drawn in as the ally of Bollvia {and from this three-cornered war the Tacna-Arica question was born. “Chile wds completely victorious and as_the spoils of war took the entire Bolivian coastal region, with its nitrate bed®, From Peru the victorious country took its southern- most province, ‘farapaca, =lso iich in nitrates. Next to Tarapaca on thc north lay the Peruvian province of Tacna, with the port of Arica. This region Chile took for a ten-year period, after which there was t. be a plebiscite to determine to which country—Peru or Chile—the area should afterward belong. The de- tails of the holding of this plebiscite were not clearly set out, and the two countries have never been able tu agree as to the procedure. . “In the meantime Bolivia, which had lost her road to the sea. con- tinued to harbor the feeling that shc had been misused and that some sort of ‘corridor’ should be provided for her. For years Bolivia accepted only a truce with Chile, unwilling to agree to the total loss of her sea provinces, At one time Chile agreed to sell the land-locked country a port and a roadway through the former Peru-- vian province of Tarapaca, but Peru strenuously objected and the deal fell through. Later Bolivia accepted a money indemnity. “The treaty provision calling for & plebiscite for Tacna also provides that the country losing the land shall receive $5.000,000 from the winner. One solution of the matter which has been suggested by Bolivia is that she, in dfre need of an outlet to a port, be ceded the disputed regiom, and_that she pay $5,000,000 to each of-the two -other coustties.” -~ -