Evening Star Newspaper, May 21, 1922, Page 43

Selfishness, Bigotry, FOUR HORSEMEN: RIDING, EUROPE’S CHAOS PERSISTS Disintegrationv and ' - Ogre of Warfare Leave But ‘Corp_se of Good Intent. \ BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. OUR horsemen are riding in Europe today: Nationalistic sef Political bigotry Economic disintegration. Ogre of warfare. Helpless millions of people have shuddered at their approach since the world war. ‘ Governments have aided than impeded their course. Ruthlessly did the forces of con- tinued chaos bear down upon San Reno, Boulogne. Brussels, London and Cannes. scattering to the four winds_aspirations for better order. They have left in their trail at Genoa the mangled corpse of good intent. And, as eyes even now turn with longing toward The Hague, the dis- ciples of tha old order give leeway to those forces that ever have per- cluded successful settlement of the problems which have made Kurope a shambles since the days of 1914. Little Accomplished In Genoa Parley. In Genoa, where for weeks the Teaders of western Europe have been endeavoring to veach agreement with the Russians in the hope that eco- nomle and financlal accords might be effected in order that Europe as a whole might at the earliest possible | date bpcome a going concern. states- | men are holding their customary wake. In the Genoa deliberations there is hope of future accord. inasmuch as the two opposing forces have be- me acquainted for the first time. Therein lies possibility of future acreement. There has been reached agreement as to non-aggression for the next eight months, or until four months after The Hague conference has ended. eefully as European statesmen 4y announce progress in the gen- eral solution of the vesatious Euro- pean problems, the fact remains that the powers today are as much apart as they were before Genoa began. And, if_the truth must be made known, Genoa has not failed because it was impossible for the allies to come into agreement with the Russians. It has heen due to the fact that the four horsemen have held forth among the ailies themselves. Despite protesta- tions of wonderful friendship to the death, there exists jealously, anti- pathy and fears of the future. Trust there is little. Each is ready to sus- the other of dealings behind the | rather ] | i ! ! . Each is ready to disembowel &ny proposal that does not first of all protect nationalistic viewpoint. The phrase “international weal” has become into bad odor, rather has it become a thing to be bandied about for the sake of propagation of politi- cal bigotry and expediency. It was not the Russians who made impossible stipulations to wreck the conference. Notwithstanding the flamboyant, ut- terances and propaganda, the Russians on showdown have capitulated in large measure and would probbly have re- ined “put” had the allies not shown igns of flouting Russian proposals 2nd taken mo recognition of Russiang communistic interests. ! ANl Have Reason to Suspect Ruunta.! There is no doubt that France and other nations have sound reason to suspect Russia and her purposes. Yet without Russia they cannot progress as is necessary. The allies have failed to show the &pirit of give and take which econo- mists and financiers the world over agree is €ssential to the promotion of trade, industry and soclal advance. - Even though the British and Italians| would have joined with the Germans and Russians in general agreements, France and Belgium made it impos- kible to reach such understandings as| would bring Russia even temporarily | within the fold. ; ‘The spirit of ill will dominated the Genor sessions during its later days, | owing to France's constant threat mi 1 withdraw and constant reiteration of utter contempt for the Russians. With Lloyd George's failure to appease the French, notwithstanding his stand with them in demands upon the Rus- sians, the latter had little to do but | preserve what they term their own political and economic theories. Nat rally they threw obstacles in the way of complete surrender of what they deemed right and just principles, ar- £uing that there was no more reason why they should surrender than ‘France and the allies should give up their ideas. There is no question but that the opposition of France to the various Tussian in nsoposals aided materially wrecking the conference. Llovd orge, /briiliant statesman that he harkened to the hustings at home hd rather than break with France siraddled the middle course in order that he might preserve his political future. England today is ajvided about half and half on the principle that England should support France and preserve tie entente through sunshine and shadow. There is an- other school growing _increasingly strong which insists that England withdraw her support of France and ndopt the American attitude of isola- | tion. thereby making possible British trade and expansion. Bondage of ! l | Sun Dial Is to Be a Feature Of Garden at the Smithsonian HE Nall is to have a sun dial. Officials of the -Smithsonian Institution got to looking at that circular flower bed in front of the old National Museum, now known as the Arts and Indus- tries building. The spring flowers made the bed beautiful, as usual, but this year, to | the eye of one man, at least, lume-i thing seemed lacking. He called the attention of others to the lack. All agreed with “him. The flower bed needed a sun dial. Dr. Charles D. Walcott, secretary of the instution, placed his officiai O. K. upon the matter. and now the hunt for a dial is on in earnest. it fs hoped that some bld, historie sun dial may be- obtained, possibly from Europe, to place In the center of the bed, where visitors to the in- teresting grodp of buildings may tell the time of day in the old fashion. Tentative plans call for the formati of paths in the bed, and the placing of dial In the center, so that pas- Sersby may enter among the fragrant flowers, and, standing by the dial. set their watches by the standard time of the world—sun timg. E Tt will make no difference to the- sun Yial what action authorities may have taken as\to “daylight saving”— the dial knows only one master, and’ that is the sun, the great orb that has shone on thousands of similar timepleces since the infancy of the race. Thus the dlal will serve-to remind visitors to the Mall of the eternal verities, as well as keep them in- formed upom the real time of day. As the style casts its shadow upon ity clrelifage,, there, Will be no political alliances should be shunned, and it is argued that as long a: Britain- and France remaln _tled &h sentimental reasons the Brit- nnot advance as Is necessary i the scars of war are to be removed. 1t Is but natural*that Llgyd George should attempt to appease the French, even though the conference should ignore the principles which dominat- .ed his efforts. The to independent action by England has not been closed, notwithstanding the decisions to meet at The Hague and the concession to the French that separate agreements shall not be effected with the Rus- sians previous to the time when it L be determined whether The Hi e _conference is to succeed or fail. England may rest on her oars until after The Hague deliberations, but if real results looking toward the rohabilitation of Europe's economic Wwelfare are ngt achieved. then it is declared certaln that a new align- ment will be formed in Europe in which England, Italy, Germany and Russia will be the dominating, forces. Non-Asgression Proposal Means But Little. During the final deliberations of the Genga conference a so-called non- aggressibn theory was agreed to, but peoples of tHe world cannot and must not be misled by its import. It ap- plies principally to Russia. In other words, Russia agrees to abandon ber aggressive intentions toward her nelghbors and European nations agree to abandon such intections as have been attributed to them in_the way of aggression in Russia, which means that attempts- to overthrow the bolshevik regime will not be made. But this’agreement yet re- mains to be O. K.d by various gov- ernments. The non-aggression pact does not do away with the greatest peril that exists in Europe today, and that is the possibility of French aggression in the Ruhr regions of Germany in case the Germans do not fulfill the reparation commission’s demands by May 31. France has insisted and probably will continue to insist that Genoa decisions and agreements shall not apply to the question of fepara- tions or the enforcement of sanctions. In Paris it is a. known fact that steps looking toward the enforce- ment of sanctions against Germany have steadily progressed and within two hours aftet the failure of Ger- many to meet expressed demands in regard to reparations France could have an army well within the Ruhr. And France threatens to, take this action, notwithstanding the fact that it might cause a break wih Britain. With” France looking forward to accomplishing desired ends in_ the Ruhr, the statement of Gen. Wey gand, right-hand man to Gen. Foch during the later days of the war, significant. He deciares: “People, like governments. have a fate that they deserve. It has been said that France desires further oc- cupation of the Ruhr district. This Is not our desire, byt new military steps have been considered in con- nection with the non-payment of the next repArgtions installment due from Germuny, two weeks from next n the very face of the non- aggression pact illustrates what may be expected from it. ' It may save conflicts in the east or it may not. for there is very serious concern at the moment as to the real extent of the Russian and German alliance, and what effect it might have in case the French actually should resort to mili- tary force and wrest from Germany her last remaining coal fleld of im- portance. The possible effecfs are far-reaching. Should Germans resist and appeal to the Russians for.assist- ance, the situation immediately would usher in war. The non-aggression agreement would not be worth thej paper it is written on. French Would Weaken Russ German Pact. According to reliable authori French are of the opinfon that the allies.—they alome. if necessary—mugt strike to weaken the German-Russian alliance. Weakening of the indus- trial and economic power of either or both nations until the French posi- tion is more secure is held the proper method of procedure and the seizure of the Ruhr would be the best means of striking at Germany. The French, at Genoa, by frustrating agreements with the soviet have hindered Rus- slan advance. 8o, consequently, to chieve desired ends the Ruhr occu- Pation is the chief means. That France will not carry out the venture without strenuous protests from her allles goes without ques- tion. In fact Parls already has been warned of possible isolation in case of such actidn. For it is declaredyall plans looking toward general revivifi- cation of Europe will end once French troops take this step. There can be no peace or even diseussion of re- habilitation with more German terri- tory in. French hands. And the rest of Europe wants peace, With France winning in Genoa, with France hesitant about The Hague, but determined ypon individualistic endeavor, the future is anything but clear cut, in_fact, unless France's policy in regard to Germany and Rus- sia undergoes radical change it is believed little can be accomplished at The Hague. changing its “hands.” or tinkering with its “works.” It has no hands, and no works, in the ordinary sense. Once placed, it tells the time accord- ing to the sun, long as the sun shines. Its )great failure comes on cloudy days, when it becomes an inert ornament to the garden. Placing of the new sun dial will be a delicate task, one in which authorl- tles of the Naval Observatory might well take a hand. One cannot grab a sun 4idl and take It out to the middle of a garden, and place it in the ground like a pole. The placing must be done sclentifi- cally. Not only must the face of the dial be level, but the dial must be placed so that north is north, and then duc allowance must be made for the variation, which is 6 W. in this lati- tude. - * * * *x " Thesé details, however, will be easily attended to by the sclentists of the Smithsonian and others, if others be necessary. The big resuit will be the acquisition of a sun dial, and the fntro- duotion of the interesting timeplace to many visitors, for while most people have heard of sun dials there are many who actually have never seen one. ‘There i8 2 very good specimen on the lion house hill at the National Zoologi- cal Park and a small one in the small triangular park at 19th street and Co- Iumblg. fad. * Authoritics seem agreed that no hu- man invention is more ancient than the sun dial. Herodotus mentfons it, and declares that.the Greoks learned about it from the Babylonians. In modern timés Charles Lambd stated that “Adam could scarce have missed it in para- ‘The first sun'dial of historical rocord is_belisved to have heen the dial of Ahas, who reignad over Judsh abeut the eighth century B.C. The ancient Egyptians, those strange, great Deople e e dall SRl A WS S S B R B P e AR 2 S Ao e T SN o SO M et Ll l BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE follywing is & brief summary of the most {mportant news of the world for the seven days ended May 201 Th& Genmoa Conferemce and The Hague Plan.—Tho Genoa conference passed away on Friday. Before entering the limbus factuorum it begot & c’Zld; “deaperately dandling the which before”Secretary Hughes with the last remains of its strength, it piteously besought him to stand godfather. But that stern man, ‘beholding. the babe's likeness .to Its parent, , unrelentng, even in the presence of death, ‘refused. 3 The Russians’' proposal, in their note of May 11, of & mixed commission of experts to continue the discussion on the, Russian debts, credits to Russia and property in Russia formerly owned by foreign nationals but since . nationalized by the soviet government, Wi eagerly taken up by Lloyd George and rt sulted in The Hague plan, which was pro- visionally adopted by the powers represented at the conference, exclusive of Russia and Germany, and of which & summary was cabled to Washington May 14, with an invitation to our government to participate in the arrange- ments set forth. The plan proposed a meeting of repre- sentatives of the powers participating in_the Genoa conference (except Russia and Ger- many—the latter. still in coventry because of slgning the Rapallo treaty) and of the United States at The Hague on June 15, to exchange views and select a mixed commission of ex- perts which should continue the examination of Russian problems (at The Hague, commenc- ing June 26) in collaboration with a R commission of experts. The.French had ol jected to a single commission to include Rus- sia. chiefly. 1 imagine, because they did not want to be talked to desth. The preliminary “exchange of views might, it was recognized, determine some of the powers not to partici- pate in the new negotiations, but it was pro- vided that such abstention should not prevent selection of a commission fo represent the consenting powers. The negotiation was not to extend beyond September 26. If joint recommendations should not be agreed on by the two commissions within three months. or should joint recommendations fail of ratifica- tion within one month after submission, then ’ each government would be free to make in-- dividual agreements with Moscow. The soviet government, on the one part, and the govern- ments participating in the joipt commission, on the other, should engage to refrain from acts of territorial aggression and from sub- versive propaganda agamst each other (the period of this compact to be determined later). * %k Xk %k I have not seen the final text of The Hague plan formally adopted by the Genoa confer- ence at its concluding plenary session on Fri- day, but I gather that it differs little in essen- tials from the bald summary presented above. The truce is to remain In force for four months after the conclusion of the work of the commissions. My understanding is that the Russian commission is to'represent not soviet Russix only, but also the several re- publics affiliated to her. including the Far Eastern Republic, and that the truce agree- ment includes those republics. It is obvious that a very delicate and speclal interpreta tion of that agreement is required with re erence to the Far Eastern Republic. There is, I belleve, a kind of gentlemen's agreement among the governments “not to recognize or support private agreements of their nationals with the Russian government gffecting prop- erty preyiously belonging to foreigners before c?ncvuulo;uo,f lhehwork of the expert commis- sions or ring the month followi: recommendations, if an SENe folnt ‘chitcherin procured assent to a stipul that negotiatlons commenced before the. opbn. ing of the Genoa conference, with a view to _trade agreements like the Russian-British one, ‘may be continued and concluded. during The gue negotiations. Indeed, Tchitecherin is stopping over two days at Genoa to conclude a trade agreement with Italy, # It is to e noted that the Fench, Belgian and Japanese delegates did not give definite assent to The Hague plan at, the plémary session, merely stating that they would recommend acceptance to their governments. A soupcon of doubt is justifie to whether fl‘m.r sov- ernments will consent to participate in the mixed commission. Tchitcherin and Viscount Ishil had some very' heated exchan over the situation in the Far Eastern Republie dur- ing the final days of the conference, lna one doubts that Ishii was pleased by the at t:d' displayed by Lloyd &eorge on those oceasions. Lloyd George, hitherto so patient with the Russi; , gave them a plece of what one hopes is his real mind at the Plenary session. “When you are asking for credits at The Hague or elsewhere,” said he, looking th bolshevist delegation up and down, “T advise that you do mot accompany your request by an explanation of your doctrine of repudia- tion of debts. If Russia wants money, she Story the Week Has Told must accept the code of honor which has de- scended to other nations through generations.” It was hafd on Tchitcherin to send him-off . with that flea in his ear. * k %k % The Invitation to The Hague was received by our government on May 14 and the repiy was dispatched within twenty-four hours. The following two paragraphs are a lethal criticism of The Hague plan and gave great pleasure to the much-maligned French and Belgians, and must have correspondingly de- pressed Messrs. Garvin and Sidebotham:’ “This government is unable to conclude that it can helpfully participate in the meeting at The Hague, as this would appear to be & con- tinuance. under a different nomenclature, of the Genoa conference and destined to en- counter the same difficulties If the attitude disclosed in the Russian memorandum of May 11 remains unchanged. “The Inescapable and ultimate question would appear 'to be the restoration of pro- ductivity in Russia, the essential conditions of which are still to be secured and must in the nature of things be provided within Rus- sia_herself.” Thit same evening, in an address to the United States Chamber of Commerce, in Wash- ington, Secretary Hoover expounded at length and with extraordinary lucidity the grounds of our policy toward soviet Russia. A few hours before, Senator Bormh had offered the following resolution in the Senate: “Resolved, That the Senate of the United States favors recognition of the present soviet government of Russia.” On which resolution and on Senator Borah's supporting speech, 1 discreetly refrain to comment. k% k% Germany.—The German government has replied to the reparation commission’s note of April 13, The following are the most important passages of the German note. . “The German government regrets that, owing to the absence of several of its members at Genoa, it is impossible to observe some time lllmlll laid down by the reparations commis- sion. g “While it will be impossible, in view of recent heavy increases in taxation, to impose 60,000,000,000 marks fresh taxation before May 31, as the commission demanded, Germany is prepared before that date to submit to the commission a complete scheme to cover ex- venditure without further monetary inflation. “The German government notes with sat- isfaction that the commission desires to sup- port Germany in regulating her finances, and to this end will be prepared to afford the com- mission all the facilities for Investigation it may ask for, and will be prepared to consult the commission with regard to legislative projects planned by the German government in respect to financial matter “In view of the German economic situa- tion and financial obligations abroad,- it is Inevitable that the important payments due by Germany in foreign currency cannot be met without the ald of foreign loans.” The Germans were evidently sparring for time, trying to placate the commiasion, postpon- ing commitments until “hope against hope” of something favorable from the Genoa confer- ence should be proved fallacious, until the re- port of the bankers’ committee (noticed by me two weeks ago), regarding the feasibility of an international loan, should be rendered, They did not_ definitely refuse to impose the additional 60,000.000,000 marks taxation, merely it couldn't be done before May 31. As to allied financial control, which the commis- sion finds necessary, they smid nothing about it. They would “afford facilities for {nvull- gation,”” they would “be prepared to consult the commission.,” but “‘control ?” — they couldn’t trust themselves to utter the ob- noxious word. ‘What s Poincare's | on to this evasive note? After Genoa, rnother reparations crisia? 3 o The Near and the Middle East—The Brit. 1sh government has proposegd to the American, French and Italian governments, & joint in- wvestigation to ascertain the amount of truth in the accusations of barbarous treatment by the Turkish nationalists of Christian minorities. The British high commissioner in Constan- tinople reports, “the Turks appear to h\e work - ing on a deliberate plan to get rid’of the minorities.” As there is not the slightest prospect of caombined effective sction bv the western pow- ers fdr the benefit of the Christian minorities in Twtkey, it would be best to let the Turks end the scandsl. solve the problem completely, hy exterminating the Christians down to the 1ast sucking babe. Perhaps the Turks could ‘be persuaded. for a sizable sum. to do the job quickly and forego the usual elegant prelim- inarfes, rane and torture. They might even allow Christian control commissions of the western nowers to see that the job is done completely and humanely. The time approaching when the council of the league of natfons must take action on , the French msndate for Svrla, the executive committee of the confcderation of Syrian‘com- mitters bernmea very much “het un” and cables President Harding and. through the New York Times., the American peonle. begging them to interceda to prevent confirmation ‘of the man- date. Theee vaciferous wentlemen claim that there are 130.000 armed Syrians. good men and true, including Bedawin. men who have smelt mowder, who are vowed to eat un the 55000 French soldiers in Syria should the mandate be confirmed. The idea that anv one should presume to teach the art of self-government to the Syriens whose genius is that kind is matter of rhetorical record. x k¥ X United SRfates of Ameriea.—Gifford Pin- chot beat the republican machine candidate in the primary contest to determine the next re- -publicap candidate “for Governor of Pennsyl- vania. Mr. Pinchot {s remembered as Theo- dore Roosevelt's most zealous henchman dur- ing the brief life of the progressive party,and, | i as with the exception, perhaps, of Roosevelt, our greatest champion of “cons>rvation.” The women did the trick in Pennsylvanla, achieved the impossible; dea extra machinam. There was another bombing outrage Chicago on the night of the 16th. It is proposed to organize the construc- tion industry and to insinuate into it an ethical code under the direction of an American con- struction council. with Franklin D. Roose- 1t. formerly assistant secretary of the Navy, as chairman. ‘The Supreme Court has declared the fed- eral child lsbor law unconstitutional, as a usurpation of a state's power. Dr. Wiedfeldt, the new German ambassador to this country, arrived in New TYork on May 13. * % *x X Miscellaneonn.—A conference between pleni- i i in Many Activities Come Under Comstraetion Head. It I8 considered that the possibilities of such an organization are vast. Con- struction to the average persons means merely “housing,” or “plant con- struction and commercial building” or and bridges. raflroads and | ‘minals for railroxds and potentiaries of Chile and Peru. under the igation and reclama- auspices but without particlpation of our - Tpri r of fect. | - |all of these are simply divisions of a government, was formally opened by Secre- tary Hughes on May 16 at Washington, the object thereof being a settlement of the long- standing Tacna-Arica question. The outrages in Belfast are becoming more numerous and outrageous. After another week of futile discussion. the peace commit- tee again reported on May 17 to the dail eireann that it was unable to reach “a basis of agreement.” - * The nationalists scored a notable victory in the elections in the French general councils on May 14. It is evident (contrary to what many people thought) that France is over- whelmingly behind Pofncare. The treaty between Germany and Poland respecting Upper Silesia was signed at Geneva on May 15. ProudeSt feather in the league's Comatruetion Reports Now | cap. 3 Proxperity Barometers. Latest dispatches bear out, though some- what vaguely, the report that Chang Tso-Lin Shapiusipaslopnent alglie Jugua- has declared the independence of Manchuria try is impending is evidenced m—] and Mongolia, with apparently the north part of Ch-Li province. Wu Pei-Fu is ‘:‘;pue:t’: :? grou:e! ;nllu;x!x a strong concentration north e seems to intend Chang Tso-Lin in force. Solnarter who seemed to pave known many things which modeérn civilization has not yet discovered, did not know ¢he sun_dial, it is declared, or, if they did. no Egyptian dials have been found. The Romans adopted the sun time- piece from. the Greeks. the first being &et up in the court of the temple of Qyuirinus about 300 years B.C. Since {Hfat time the sur dial has been the in- separable companion of mankind. Its avorite place is in the garden. Af- {ompis to make it utilitarian, such as affixing a magnifying glass and a can- non to it. so that a signal ‘gun will be fired at noon, have died the death. Women and Public Affairs After Twenty Years, Equal Recognition to Be Ac- corded in the Hall of Fame—Child Welfare Work Not to Be Abandoned. tain specified conditions. during resi- dence abroad, unless she elects for. mally to renounce it, and provide also that an allen woman marrying an American shall not in future derive American citizenship by reason of | such marriage or through the nat; uralization or resumption of citizen: | ship by her husband. * ok % % Interest in the Dyer anti-lynching bill. which passed the House last Jan- i uary, and is now before the Senate committee on the judiciary, continues | —as one@f the great creators of per- {bullting and ! * %k k X The sun dial, standing motionless in the garden, will have none of these incumbrances. Its style, pointing to heaven, has turned the thoughts of countless generations of men aloft, and its pitiless procession of the shadow.across its face has ever re- minded him of the mystery of life. whence he came, why he is here and where-he 18 going. No sun_dial is complete without its motto. The mottoes are legion mo of them being an attempt to state uccinctly some comparison between flying time and the fleeting lifo of man upon this sphere. “Horas non numero nisl serena: I count the bright hours only—is a favorite. “Horas nullas nisl aureas’—I count none but golden hours—is a varia-) ion. Y1%h4; occasum tendimus omnes”—we re traveling each toward his sunset —is a particularly striking and ap- propriate sun dial motto, found upon £ the old dials.: O™Hora bene faclendi"—it is the hour to do good—is another sermon in stone. % ora (traditur- hora”—hour passe: Into hout—depicts the noiseless glide | of the dial's time-telling shadow. ‘A lufnine motus”—moved by light —Is an old motto which might well have predicted many modern inven- tions. All the mottoes are not in Latin, although this is the favorite language 21 the dig)s found In modern garden: The dial’at the National Zoological Park has variation of “I mark only sunny hours.” = “How we- g0, .shadows show.” is an example of an English motto. *“A clock the time may vronfl; tell; 1, never, if the sun shine well,” is par- ticularly apt In these days of clocl shifting. “As a shadow, such is life, is a musing example. AWAITS TEXT OF RULING BY MEXICAN HIGH COURT The American government was de-’| scribed_yeste: as still awaiting the text of it ional doeietony by the Mexican supreme court bearing upon the retroactive’ feature of ar- ticle 27 of the Mexican constitution, interpretation of which is involved in the question of recognition of the ‘Mexican. government by the United States. Thé statement was made at the State - tment that only the bare announgement had been received that decl s had been rendered and ‘that prol ]y the text would be forwarded by_mail. » Practice of the Mexican supreme court is ta render opinions verbally, and subsequently for the court to agree upon the formal text of the decision in which the mllnf is *em- bodjed and plays its part in estab- lishing Mexican legal precedents. Five decislons of a similar natyre are m in Mexico in determin- ing a constitutional point such as that invelved In article 27, the two additjonal decisions reported,.if sim- Har to.those already made by the supreme court, would set up definitely the restrictions u:?an the ref Dalten siten pa hed o b6 empential “of Sy Yhe Ings, BY WINIFRED MALLON, T the very moment the women of Pennsylvania were show- ing what they could do in the way of carrying the primaries for Gifford Pinchot, in spite of the best efforts of the political bosses and the machine built up by Quay and Penrose, which has for years con- trolled republican politics in the state, the directors of the Hall of Fame in New York University were declding to_abolish sex lines arid the separate hall for women, and to place in the main hall, from which they had pre- viously been excluded, the names and statues of women who have been and may-be elected to that honor. It has taken twenty-two years to wipe out the distinction between men and women in the Hal] of Fame. When established in 1900 it was exclusively 2 male Institution. Women were not only excluded, they were ignored. No provision was made for their election. In 1904, however, they were admitted to the outer precincts of the temple by the setting aside of a special cor- ridor for those who might be chosen by the electors. In this annex have been segregated Mary Lyon. Emma Willard and Maria Mitchell, chosen in 1905; Harriet Beecher Stow and Frances E. Willard, chosen in 1910; Charlotte Cushman, chosen in 1915, and Alice Freeman Palmer, chosen in 1920. Fifty-six men, ranging from George Washington to Mark Twain, have been honored by election, and the above-named seven women. * k% % Not at all dashed by the Supreme Court decision finding the national child labor law unconstitutional, the friends of child welfars legislation are losing no time In setting about the business of finding a way to ac- complish the desired redult with which even the Supreme Court can find no fault. They are wasting no time in re{reltln‘ the ruling handed down by Chief Justice Taft. “The thing to discuss is not the rul- ing, but what can now be done to pro- tect the children from premature child labor,” according to Miss Grace Abbott, chief of the children's bureau. “T feel sure that a way will be found,” Miss Abbott added. ‘Women all over the country are ready to work for a l\ll|rnll child labor law “with teeth in It,” or for any other means by which a national minimum standard for the employ- ment of children may be enacted and ’-n}orocd. They are f‘“lfl out and dusting off the republican platform of 1920, which promised t! “If_ the present (child labor) law 'ound un- constitutional or ineffective, we shall seel her means to enable Congress to :r::.;l the evils of child labor, and the democratic platform which, though 1¢8s positive, did, nevertheless, “urge co-operation with the states In the prohibition of child labo Two child labor laws having been fourd unconstitutional there is a rather general belief that a constitu- e Fmendment may.be necessary to correct- the evil. . Senater Shortridgé of California has introduced ip the Senate a “naturali- sation and registration” bill similar to- that introduced in the House: by Representative Johinson of ‘Washing- Vg ton, both of which provide for the in- dependent _citizenship of married women and otherwise equalize the citizen®hip status of men and women. Senator Shortridge's bill has been re- ferred to the Senate committes on im- migration, but no hearings have been held upon it. Hearings on the House bil! have béen interrupted by the il1- ness of Representative Johnson, chairman of the House committee. A separate bill providing for the citizenship and naturalization of mar- ried women was introduced last De- cember by Senator Curtis of Kansas and referred to a stbcommittee of i three members of the Senate com- mittee on_immigration, Senators Colt of Rhode Island, Keves of New Hamp- shire and Watson of Georgia. The bill has been considered, but no re- port made as yet by the subcommit- tee. All these measures provide that an American woman marrying an alien eligible to naturalization may retain her citizenship during her residence in the United States and, under cer- To the Bditor of The Star: 1 You have delighted all the old resi- dents of the city and doubtless many others who are readers of The Star by the exceedingly interesting remi- niscences as given by the Rambler. ‘While this was very delightful to us old fellows, and awakened pleasant memorles, the thrills of boyhood 1t which are also reminiscences, arouse perhaps a still deeper interest, for anything that recalls those haloyon days in a man's memory takes him back to & time when life was & dream and & glad, sweet song, and every day held out hopeful anticipations of greater pleasures stlll to come. I spent my boyhood in a country town in Maryland sbout fifty miles from this city. It was then a sleepy old place, the only enlivening inci- dents being the circus in the summer and the minstrel shows later on. The circus was the: s now, a thing of overpowering interest. Its coming was duly heralded wi s before by the billposter, that a: lc genius, a very distinguished personage in mind of the boy, as intimately con nected with the great event which he forashadowed. With paste pot and mtly labored until every avalilable bit of ‘within his ek nes B kil Socrnio displaying w! o) usion to a ln;lnt :swd the still greater glories ctual performarte in the tented show. Those scenic splendors, gor- geous with . riot of color and pic- turesqiie life, were produttive of such dazzling bewilderment th. the for- tunate beholders transfixed with wonder and delightslong affer the artists had left, copgratulating themse]ves at the opportunity afford- ed for the coming feast to which they were thus invited. How teo Get the Price. The avérage fes to this aggregation of wonders was then 36 centa, and the instant preblem for the boy was "how to get the price. As men then i Boyhooil’s Golden Days unabated, and petitions in its behalf are being received in increasing num- bers by senators. Alice Ames Winter (Mrs. Thomas G. Winter). president of the General Federation of Women's Clubs; Miss Jane Addams and Corinne Roosevelt Robinson (Mrs. Douglas Robinson) were among the signers of a petition presented to the Senate last week by Senator Lodge. The list of names. Which the senator commented was a “very unusual one.” included twenty- four state governors, thirty-eight mayors of principal citfes, including Charleston, S. C.: San Antonio. Tex., and Loulsville, Ky.; three archbishops. eighty-five bishops and churchmen, | all denominations; forty-seven jurists | and lawyers, and nineteen judges and | justices of the highest courts in vari- ous states: twenty-nine college pres- idents and many prongnent citizens. including Henry Van,Dyke, Edward W. Bok, John G. Milburn and Moor- fleld Storey, former president of the American Bar Association. worked for a dollar a day. quarters were scarce and father's and moth- er's pockets were usually empty. For- tunately. the town had severai junk- shops. 0Old rags, scrap iron and bones were marketable commodities. and eagerly bought by the two junk men who made their daily rounds. a prac- tically unkmown or little considered source of revenue to the city boy of our time, but then a treasure house of needed supply for just such occa- sions. The boys, accordingly,, got busy. - It is perfectly safe to say that if.there was a piece of iron anywhere in the backyards or alleys, a bone or 10080 rags about the house they ‘were not in evidence as the day drew nigh, for the boys had them all safely stored away. Even the hungry dogs must have known that a circus was coming, for they couldn’t have found a bone unless: they had ‘previously hfdden it. Glerfes of Circus Day. Finally the day came. And such a day! Who can fittingly describe it? Farmers with the families from miles around; the schools deserted, boys all playlng “hooky.” Everybody excited. Storekeepers on the sidewalk with the rest (no crime wave then). The srand parade, the bandwagon, the clown in his donkey cart escorted by a delighted multitude whd hung upon his every movement with transports of tumultous admiration; the Insist- ent and clamorous offers and appeals to every circus man In sight to carry water for the elephants and bears by those who had been beaten in the race for serap iron and bones, or like the foolish virgins of holy writ, had neglected their opportunity: the stealthy attempts to slip in with the crowd, or still more daring attempt to cr under the tent when all else had m'd. which enterprising scheme ‘was geherally nipped in the bud by the vigilant circus men with painful shins and TO PUT BUILDING INDUSTRY ‘ON A MORE SECURE BASIS Construction Leaders -Have Bbrfo;h'ed Idea From Mm:ing Picture Men and " Project Reformation on Big Scale. OT to be outdone by the motion pletyre industry, which re- cently organized “fofthe pub- lic good” *with Will H. Hays as arblter, construction interests of 'this country have announced they will meet in Washington shortly to form an Wmerican Construction Council, of which it is planned to make Franklin D. Roosevelt, former assistant secretary of the Navy, the directing head. This 1s belicved to” be the first in- stance of a complete union of all ele- ments of a large industry—manufactur- ers, laborers and professional branches— in a concerted movement to raise the standards and efficiency of the indus- try and improve (he service rendered | the public. The step taken by the mo- | tion picture men constitutes the nearest | precedent, but in this case the organi- u!.lon} was not so far-reaching. 1 Purpeie In to Pratect Welfare of Public. The construction council, Wetails for the organization of which are com- pleted, is intended *to dip down into the industry and bring together for a | betterment of -understanding and for common actien the engineer, the achi- tect, ‘the material manufacturer, the labor contractor, the dealer, banker and insurance man. il concerned in any | way with building worl uding the | construct.on of public railroads, bridges. and irdgation projects, Setting forth a policy protection | 0f the public we! the contemplated eouncil h int ed. governm: clals decply. Hobver, whose depart lied with building act try, has been announ ing officer on the occas Ba ttion meeting here It is stated that Mr. R has agreed to accept of the council. June 19 and 2 sevelt alread; the presidency single industr] Construction, it has been pointed out, must be thought of is agri- culture’ or mining or manufacturing manent wealth and as one of the found@ation stones on which cividiza- tion is built. Instead of thinking of | houscs as the individual expression of | the fancy of the individual citizens, of | the building of highways and rail- | roads as merely the means of Mmdus- ery called transportation, of factory ivdro-clectric constru tion as isolated projects promote groups of individy; for pr gain, a broader view must be taker events about to take place and by res | ports of the industry. Construction reports have become equal to erop] regorts as barometric indicators of the material prosperity of the coun- try. On their rise and fall depends the wellbeing of millions of persons, the Success of great enterprises-and the future welfare of countless citi- zens. ' A popular classification of Ameri- | cdn industries included agricul- ture, manufacture. transportation and communication and mining and for- estr 1o the sion of the cou try'€ second mo: —Cconstruc i of th ed the construction demonstrated to come xecond to culture, and, when expressed in terms of labor employed, among the first of industries.® Investigation has shown that the number of workers who, gether with their families, d upon the construction industry for a livelihood totals- approximately 11.- 000,000 persons. It w conserva- tively estimated that 24 per cent of the annual capital accumulation and over 50 per cent of the national savings are absorbed by this industry every normal Year. Approximately nin tenths-of all iron. copper and zinc and approximately 95 per cent of all the | | upon the builders. |of the elements been re-examining |2 sreat national lead produced in this country are consumed In construction. Go-It-Alome Policy Prevalled in Past. Heretofore, in this large Industry, each element has, with rare excep- ?lonl. acted by fitself, looking afte: its own interest, neglecting gener- ally the rights of the other elements, and often being indifferent to the rights of the public. Since the war this lack of co-ordi- nation, of actual understanding 2nd of consideration of the service ren- | dered the public, has stood out more strongly than previously. - During the war it was necessary to postbone a1l but essential construction, leaving the county at the close of 1919 With an enormous deferred volhme of construction work. In 1920 the task of catching up was begun, this work falling back in 1921, Today there is @ deferred total valued by students | of the industry at $10,000,000,000. Of the housing shortage, an im- portant part of this deferred con- struction, the public generally and residents of Washington particuiarl are well aware. Yet the shortaig exists in every line of construction. There are not enough office buildings or schools, railroads or highways, sewerage or water supply systems. Trying to Work Out Problems of Industry. This shortage has put great pres- sure on every branch of the indus- try, and has forced it to study anew its relationship to the whole. More- over, the public has lacked confide: in the fairness of building costs, and this has added to the pressure put Not only has each its position and responsibility, but efforts at co-ordinated work have Leen made. The National Federation of Construction Industries, a war- born organization, was continued after the armistice in an effort to pull the industry together nationally and has achieved some excellent sults. The building congresses, ot ably those held in New York, Seattle, and Portland, Oreg., attacked the problem from local angles. The Na tional Board of Jurisdictional Awards, representing labor, contractors, archi- tects and engineers, as well as the Joint conferences of engineers, archi- tects and contractors on estimating and on standard contracts, huve each U 4 specific probleais common 10 the Wiole industry, and have demon- strated the need and the practicability of co-operation for the good of all. The way has thes been opened for movement and the coming conference is the climax. arly every one of the 250 natiodal associations in the industry has test- €d out its own work and learned from experience the large amount of dupli- cate effort and the inability 1o grapple effectively with the questions that extend bevond its especial field. They are ready and eager to have these common problems tuken over by an all-embracing organization, so that there may be an elimination of duplication and more resultful work Anxious to Win Back~ Confidence of Public. They appreciate that the public de- mand will no longer wait gnd tifat only a broad, virile and effective movement, dedicated to the improve- ment of the service which construc- tion renders the community, states and nation, can the industry hope to gain public confidence. Through the co-ordinated action there is an opportunity for tremendous waste elimination, assuring to the public more and better homes, public butld- ings, railroads, bridges, etc., for their construction expenditure, It is with these possibilities in view that high government offictals arc willing to lend their aid and to assume leadership in the movement, dedicated 1o the public service. Among large construction interests expected to take part in the meeting next month are the building trades department of the American Feder- tion ®f Labor. the National Federa- tion of Constructive Industries, the National Building Congress, the Na- tional Association of Building Ex- ges, the Building Trades Em- plovers' Association, the National Association of Real Estate Boards and various architectural, engineer- ing and manufacturing associations. With this backing the promoters of the American Construction Council feel confident that the construction industry soon will be able to play more important part in the industrial life of the nation. Work of great magnitude awaits action and s des manding attention. was all both great and glorious. My soul is refreshed as I recall those wondrous da The songs of the eclown which the boys all learned to whistle, the woodshéd shows that followed, the secretely cherished am-| »n tohe either & clown or a ring- Dan Ries with his white num and his “greatest show Van Amburg,, Rivers & What were the emperors of the to men like on Derious. Forepaugh, etc. the kings and school books compared these? Add then the minstrels later on. Haverly and his street band. “the man with the silver horns” George Christy, Milt Barlow, Lew Dockstadt- er, the Georgia Minstrels. Primrose & West, etc. The great end men, the jig'and clog dancers, with an oce: sional attempt by some rash local idol to compete with them: those ex- citing performances which brought everybody to their feet and the boye on top of chairs and benches, nights long to be remembered and which ended all tob soon. - 0ld-Time Sporting Sheets. Then the sports of the ring as at- tractively set forth by-the New York Clipper apd the New York Mercury. Who remembers the Mercury? Pub- lished by Cauldwell, Southworth & Whitney, a big, broad, entertaining sheet. John C. Heenan of California, the “Benicia Boy,” was then the great American champion, and when Eng- land picked out Tom Sayers to clip his wings and win_ the belt of the world championship and Heenan went abroady to meet the Englishman the country was wild With excitement. A y thi: V' R rom the ey i M aey "bat. boxing bouts On the way home from school, in back' yards and alleys, rings were formed and neighborhood champions struggled and fought. Heenan's fame gave many of the hoys black eves and bloody mosés which, instead of planting grudges for future' trouble, re borne with becoming pride as Tefing been received. in a worthy cause, Parents and teachers sopght in vain to check this boxing craze. 1t was in the air, and every boy with red blood in his veins caught it. No wonder that we old fellows lament these y8uthfyl days. compensations of our éxistence to have n a hoy in that never to be forgotten period. The youngsters of our time mav rush to base ball games and l!und/‘n crowds —around the billboards /to watch the score, but they have noth- ing on the boy of fifty years ago, and if you doubt it, ask any veteran | member- of the 'Oldest Inhabitants’ Assoclation for further particulars. FRANCIS WHITE HEADS LATIN-AMERICAN AFFAIRS Former First Secretary at Buenos Aires Is Trained in Diplomacy. Succeeds Welles. By the Associated Press, Francis White of Baltimore, until recently first secretary of the Amer- ican embassy at Buenos Afres, has been appointed chief of the division of Latin American affairs in the State Department, and will assume cffice on June 5 He succeeds Sumner Welles, who resigned several weeks ago. Mr. White is only thirty years old, but has been in the diplomatic serv- ice since 1915 and has had an un- usual diplomatic training. He is said 10 be one of two men in the service who have studied at the French School of Diplomacy, having spent two vears in preparation for a dip- lomatic career at Paris and Madrid : after his graduation from Yale Uni- versity. His first diplomatic post was as third secretary to the American le- gation at Peking. After two years in that capacity he was promoted in 1917 to be mecond secretary of the Peking legation. On January 30, 1918, he was trans- ferred to Teheran, Persia; on Decem- ber 12, 1919, was sent to Havana, and on November 16, 1920, to Buenos Aires as first secretary On a number of occasions he has served as charge of the,embassy at Buenos Aires and has a wide se- quaintance among Latin American diplomats. He came to the United States last week landing at New York after a trip around Cape Hornm, with stops at the capitals of Chile, Peru, Paraguay snd Cubs. He now is on eave, — APPROVED BY PRESIDENT. Use of Transport by 1881 Navy Class Heartily Sanctioned. Use of the naval transport Hender- 1t-is one of the|son to take members of the Navil Academy class of 1881 to the ve- union in Japan is declared at the White House to be heartily approved by President Harding, even though the Senate recently adopted a reso- lution disapproving of such employ- ment of the Henderson. It was stated that Mr. Harding would be willl to pay the cost of the excess fu required to send the transport fr the Atlantie to the Pacific out of h own pocket, If necegpary. - o