Evening Star Newspaper, October 2, 1921, Page 60

J WARGTON, AUTO CLUB HEAD, TALKS ABOUT: CYLINDER OILS “Cylinder Oils: Dilutions and Its| Dangers™ was the subject of a recent address by C. H. Wa dent of the Washington Trade ociation, before Automotive Club, To the automotive engineer this subject is one of the utmost impor- | tance,” said Mr. Warrington. * rington. presi- | Automotive the * ew | teriaily. | due piston ring seal to reduce thes: leakages to & minimum. Degree of Lenkages Differ. the degree of these corresponding effects < lubricating oil will differ ma- Assume, for example, you perate an engine with casing head oline, or natural or artificial gas The leakages will not combine per- manently with the lubricating oil, to the volatility of the tuel, and h, or on its upward stroke, the cylinder wall receives its supply or | film of lubricating oil, being carried {up on this stroke by the piston and |its rings. | “After passing top center and on its ireturn or downward stroke the cre- {ation of a partial vacuum within the vlinder draws in the mixture of fuel. his fucl mixture immediately come into contact with the film lubricant {on the_cylinder wall brought up on | the previous exhaust stroke. The {period of time of this contact be- {tween the fuel mixture and cylinder wall lubricant is naturally dependent upon the length of stroke of the mo- tor and the revolutions per minute of the motor. There is, therefdre immediate and direct effect estab| OLDSMOBILE SOLD:- IN WASHINGTON AND STILL RUNNING. IN 1901 up very slowly and is, consequently, condensed less rapidly than a thinner body oil or one of less specific gravity. An ‘oil of heavy specific gravity re- sists dilution of the film and, there- fore, drains less; presents a more perfect seal, checking leakage during the compression stroke; will decom- pose at a higher temperature, resist- ng destruction to a_better degree than a' lubricant of less specific gravity. In the same motor, same fuel and temperature, for the same period of test, dilution will be greater with the thinner oil. “The fit of the rings in their grooves and their free action against the cyl- inder walls control to a great extent the amount of leakage. Overlubrica- tion results, with too much oil work- clency, a marked increase in leakage and draining, with rapid dilution. Special Point of Interest. “This dilution, noted o far for ite effects on the component parts, h still further a greater point of inter- est. From many tests there are two remarkable and conclusive results. First is the low fuel consumption while running a motor during the first hour and noting the direct pro- portion of gasoline consumption and increasing _temperature. Secondl the hoticeable decrease in efficiency the latter part of the test, both as regards fuel consumption and power produced at the same R. P. M. as when starting the test. tion). the cylinder walls and in different places. This area increases as the oil becomes thinner and will not support lubrication or keep the surfaces apart, increasing frictional power. “To date the remedy for these dif- ficulties lies In the retailers’ service departments, due to the fact that the men engaged in the oil industry state the conditions cannot be serious be- cause they have not been called to their attention. The increasing de- mand by all retailers, garagcs, etc. for heavy oils should in itself present warning to the ofl industry. The complaints of carbonizing, sticking valves, piston slaps and necessity for cylinder regrinding from the service stations should also be a conclusive point to the oil man. Friction Power—Thick Ofl—Thin Oil. “There is a condition. however, in dilution which the lubricant reaches where it will not support lubrication, and abrasion immediately takes place. That point is constantly changing on of us realize its predominating fluence in motor design of tod In fact for the past two Cylinder oil dilution has created more damage. constant and exhaustive | study on the part of all our leading | designers. than any one element, theory or practice, that has entered > internal combustion motor in ing top of the cylinders. This keeps the tops of the pistons, valves and plugs wel. Wet plugs are irsulated and effectiveness reduce |cylinders becoming cooled, fuel coi {{densing and subsequent loss of efii- O L G BIFLEX Spring Bumper “One large motor truck company has concluded from its records for a year that 85 per cent of its engine service jobs are traceable to the lack - of lubrication due to dilution and de- composition.” ed—viz, that of the fuel mixture in- | there is correspondingly no dilution. g o ey combining with the film of lubricant and | “-Operating a motor with the heavie; years. | grade of fuel, or, in other words,|°n the cylinder wall, reducing the | theordinary gusoline of today, the di- | Viscosity of the body of the film as it lution of the lubricating ofl therein | becomes diluted, the diluted film hav- is due to the following causes: ing an immediate tendency to drain “(1) Present day motors being of (back into the crankcase, higher speed and extreme compres-| ‘“The position of the oil pump being | sions as compared with the old, slow- |in the base of the motor and drawing peed, heavy, duty motors, a greater|its oil from this point, repeats the portion of the gas mixture on the|operation, with the subsequent result | compression stroke escapes past the {that the above-mentioned diluted film in- | piston rings. condenses on the walls|of oil is constantly draining into th du the past few years 0| of the crankcase and mixes with the crankcase; and having a lesser spe the constantly increasing de- | jubricating oil. Under these circum-|cific gravity, remains on top of the for :. and lubricating | stances I pause to call your attention|good oil in the lower portion of the has been accom- |y the absolute necessity of a perfect |crankcase. It can be readily underw ni out products | piston ring it in all cylinders. ood that within a short time the ming gradually ) Few motorists Tealize as well |entire volume of oil in the e is - volatile. . This con- | what is actually taking place within ireduced to a specific gravity of that dition immediately ced the mMOLOT | their motor as regards the lubricating fof the draining or diluted film igner in an embarrassing position. | oil. Decomposition of the lubricating |ferred to: havimg Httie I one T tively aking. His moioc oil occurs during every revolution of |cating value. ; signed throu of haus! the motor as the oil is thrown against tests' and experimentation carried On| (he underside of the piston, which is| Other Important Facto: with a fuel light in density and | naturally the hottest surf: thin | “If these circumstances were all we tremely. volatl »uld ot handle this | the motor during its cycle. This de- | were confronted with, our problem | might be ie: However, we with the same degree of | .omposition is known as wcking Tous Tiwe conditions - presented ; ne oil. In motors using the splash | ; g = were none other than that | (eidm’ for lubricuting piston pins | Dive not as ve®¥aken into consia ne unbalances, pamely the | this cracking has a dircct influence |ation the return or compre its fuel and ting oil. | on piston pin design. both as te its|during which the greatest icult to recall that infgize and method of bushing, whether | the lubricant takes place. The fuel! the car manufacturer the piston boss or in the connect- | mixture during compression stroke is | nouncing many and varied| ;o 1od. In some motors on the |COmpressed to as high as forty-five | designs of inlot manifolds, radical | miiot today the engineer has placed | POUNds per square inch, the mreat changes in cooling and cireulating | G556 Cracking. in a position of | dilution” taking blace during (his| stricted water Jackets| (15 i nGrtance as fo resort fo di- |Stroke, as can readily be understood || ound changes in cam de- | oct' preasure ol through the con- | Converscly the film of oil on the cyl- ign, vaive sizes and lifts. dual valves, | (004, BRERATG O SITORER, (e, €OR” Hinder wall should be the Strongest \hatural conclusion to meet | 1ict'to the piston bin, . Again, the |during this stroke in order to feel the | s e - | clearance between pisto i itidy each, T naturally occur to some degree and e otiwol subject as well to decomposition. the amount of leakage will depend upon the mechanical fit of the piston - ring in its cylinder, as well as its fit | stroke bringing up a new supply of | within the ring groove in the piston. ‘The mixture that escapes as,all of the component parts of the fuel mix ture in the cylinder at the time of th, leakage, whether on intake or ex- haust stroke, and the fuel content is absorbed by the lubricating oil. “Again, having passed through the creative factor of the cycle, let us pass on to the resultant—the power stroke. The film of oil on the upper 0il Must Be lmproved. “The ability of the petroleum dustry meeg mand PROTECTION WITH DISTINCTION Twin bar construction is the only safeguard. The extended buffing area aiforded by the vertically paced twin bars halts all = single bar bumpers of various heights from passing over or under to inflict dam- age or to interlock. In hecad-on or rear- end collisions all offending cars are held [ at safe distances. Thus in unavoidable collisions the Biflex. while protecting your car and shielding others, eliminates or minimizes damages. An impartial authority recognizes its value. After exhaustive tests that proved its superior strength and resiliency, the Biflex was passed by the National Underwriters Laboratori Thus a discount is allowed on collision insurance premiums upon cars Biflex-equipped. This discount more than cquals the cost of the bumper during the life of the car, but material damage alone prevented by the Biflex on front and rear covers the cost of the two bumpers many T The original owner, William Felger, drove this machine up to the time h xeveral years ago. It will be sent all over the country for Mr. Jamewon of the local branch and Mr. Gessford, son e, at the wheel. the fuel and lubricating oil proved or engine design Completing _ exhaustive former, namely fuel, it| vas readi erstood that commer- ially this was impractical in the face || f unknown demands on nature, as! xell as refineries. and. therefore, en- gine design must be changed to handle this mew fuel as efliciently as the pre s motor d handled the | more fuels and lubricating oils. subsequently done. and changes made 1 have outlined a few moments ago conclusively proved and varied tests that ither vust be nged. siudy of the Touches on Motor Cycles. “Although well known to all of you desire 1o take a few moments of your time to puss through a brief discussion of the cycle of a_modern motor of four-cycle design. The pis- ton, as vou know, travels through two complete revolutions to preduce pow: er. It is during this cycle of power functioning that lubrication is of ut- most importance, and an_investiga- tion as o the causes and effects of the hese ne: designed motors reached |#ction during this cycle brings to e efficie % ones, using | }i€ht the various stages the lubri- he ‘Resvies vund Volatile fuel |cant passes through, und its subses This condition, however, has develop- | auent decomposition or dilution. As- sd the d@ilution problem. sume, for example. that we have a sreed this same condition existed motor and new clean oil of any fore, but the fuels in use before, choose to carry in ing more volatile, the thinning out! Aguin, the lubrirating oil did not reach|carry in your mind’s eve for a mo- 4 peint where it did not support)ment the position of the piston travel the normal heat of the motor during operation As the motor operates at highcr temperature more of the fuel stills : g 2 off and the lubricant is thicker. Con- times over. versely, when the motor operates at lower temperatures more of the fuel is retained and dilution in conse- quence greater, with a resultant thin- Southern Automobile Supply Co. ner oil “Diluticn difficultics, therefore, are more pronounced in the winter than 1324 14th St. N.w. part of cylinder wall during the first |as found in the crankcase. Cylinder |in the summer. This condition. I ) Phone Main 3564 part of the power stroke, or, more|oil in all motors pa: through a|might add. is—also noticeable to all— WHOLESALE EXCLUSIVELY Further Study of Conditionw. “A further study of these conditions is of ‘the greatest importance and in- terest, though- of equal detail, which would consume considerable time. 1 ! will, therefore, pass them at this time to take up a_brief discussion of the conditions and effects on the lubricant clearly, at the point of combustion, is:cracking proc similar to | Breatly increased by the excessive and partiaily destroyed, the volatile prod- | o- | unwise uee of the chioke. The amount ucts combining with the fuel. The During the cyele of the motor |of lubricant that works up to lower part of the film resists the re-|and at every throw of the crank the |rings and .past them naturally de: duced heat of the gaseh of combustion { oil dipped from the trough is splashed | bends upon the body of the lubrica to an increasing extent as the gases|up inside of the piston. The heat sud- periment of Mineral and Castor Exunnd.{ 1t ,dut this point that car-|denly applied to the oil liber: a|Oil in 1919 k works on is formed. due to this great de- ) volatil rtion, which immediately tubricati cond sting With refation to the valves of both |(ompesition of the lubricant. “The car-| flows back into {he crankcease and aids | FOR SEVENTY YEARS NORDYKE & MARMON COMPANY HAS STOOD FOR HONOR- ERICatiOn, & coEdition s eusting § too e . POth | hon deposits are heavjest where the | dilution the same as the leakages pre- | = DEALING AND FOR BUSINESS FAIR PLAY bt s occur ntake, (ynxpreg on. and exhaust | jestruction of the film is the greatest. | viously referred to. The amount of | ABLE MANUFACTURING, FOR CLEAN, FAIR ¥ 1o onetn spective of | strol onsider the piston on itS{at the completion of this power stroke | the diluent in the oil after a siven | e type of fuel used— rd or exhaust stroke. mindful Ithe oil film on the cylinder walls is|period of operation depends upon the | & point by emphasizing the the piston has received its splash [in the poorest condition, its remedy | nature of the fuel, the kind of lubri direct need of a constant and proper ! or lubrication, immediately following being that of the return or exhaust)cant. mineral or vegetable base, and NeverinAll Car History - Was There Such a Buy as This Announcing New-Type Marmon Closed Cars Every visitor who comes to view the new-type Marmon Sedans, Coupes and Suburbans is im- pressed. Instantly he notes the new features F. O. B. Moline, Ill. Here is a new low price, effective October 2nd, black or gray leather upholstery, nickel trim- that places the high quality Velie Six within the ming and other options to more than satisfy reach of thousands of buyers who never ex- your desire for an individual car, entirely apart pected to obtain such a wonderful value at from the commonplace. this low cost. Why even consider a Four when you can now have a silent, flexible, smooth-running Six for in these ncw closed Mar- Velie has made price reductions before, but First of all the lowness and this cut places the Velie Six beyond all com- petition so far as value at lowest cost is con- cerned. Here is by far the best price ever quoted on this remarkable car. This is the Velie with the Grand Canyon conquering motor, with style and beauty un- matched within several hundreds of dollars. Here you have exceptional room, graceful lines and a choice of several colors. Then, there is such a low price and with it all a Six that is setting the most astonishing records in economy of fuel, tires and upkeep? The demand is already enormous—it will grow as the news spreads. Touring Car, Sedan, Coupe and Roadster —also the larger Six— the Model 48—all correspondingly low-priced. Make sure of having your Velie when you want it by seeing us at once, UNGERER MOTOR COMPANY 1136 Connecticut Avenue Telephone Main 8233 lightness: And the new beauty of lines and finish. Then he notes the improve- meat in windshield design. As one enters and sits at the wheel, he is surprised at the clearer vision, the wider sweep of view. The old- time obstructions are gone. “This brings greater comfort for the driver, greater safety. Throughout, one finds ad- vancements and refinements mons. But pictures and words are inadequate in de- scribing them. You must actually see them to fully appreciate their difference from the ordinary types. We invite all motorists to view these tomorrow-type of closed cars— even if you are not in the market im- mediately. Some day you'll be a Marmon owner, if you seek the finest at a fair price. MARMON 34 The Marmon 34 is a nine year development and sets the new-day standards for high-grad e cars. It is famous for its - dependability, light-weight, asy-ridin%, plentiful power and of low up-keep cost—the favorite car graduate motorists. T. V. T. Motor Corporation 1501 Connecticut Ave. (Dupont Circle and Conn. Ave.) Telephone North 7853 NORDYKE & MARMON COMPANY [Established 1851