Evening Star Newspaper, September 25, 1921, Page 45

Aég’resaio'n B¥ OLIVER OWEN KUHN. T™NHALL Jugoslavia, drunk with exaggerated conceptions of pow- <) ér'and ‘nfluence obtained in the “fredty, of Versailles, be per- mitted”to ‘continue as the hornet of the ‘Balkans,, thereby hazarding amic- able: relatiofis of & number of nations, or shall league of nations dictates and power of the supreme council be ap- \plidd.to a point whereby Serbia will be taught that power cannot be used 10 the disinterest of others? These are questions of serious mo- ment in Europe just now. Were the attack’ upon ‘Albania mérely a mat- ter of. conflict: betwéen the two Bal- kan’peoples the whole situation would be easy to handle. But because of thougllt existing in the foreign of- fices of the allied governments suc- cessful settlement means much to all. The interests of Great Britain, France and Italy are such as to preclude remain to be settled before the ever- perplexing Balkan situation is once more delvad into. Both Members of League. Serbia is a-member of the league of netions. So is Albania. Albania has asked nothing more than that she be permitted to retain the bhoundaries izuaranteed to her in the 1915 treaty of London. She remalned neutral in the war and though it always has been recognized that the conflicting interests of the powers made it nece: ry that she be sustained, Serbia in eager desire to extend her domain, is disinclined to follow an: other course ithan carry out selfish political and serritorial ambitions. * which. from fimie to time, have been declared to * embrace_the whole of northern Al- bania. Naturally the Albanian dele- giutes appearing before world coun- i ¢ils have resisted anyv encroachment on the territories once set aside as Appanty The larger powers, particularly Great Britain, desire at the old ‘rontiérs be continued in the main. ! though Ttaly always has aspired to - contrél of the islands on the eastern i coast of. the Adriatic. such as granted Italy by .the treaty of London, which ! togk' Ifaly intd the war. These is- ! lands,-Wwhich would give Italy the sea: ) Port of Aviona, are consldercd esse tial ‘to. Jtaly's future safety, and in- ; asmuch as they once were promised to Rome. there is every reasen to su: peet that the Malian government wil hold out for the retention of the de- sired strategical points. France, ever | behind _Jugoslavis _politically. ' may hesitate before bringing the Albanian wsue to a point where relations with the other “alles. is hazarded. but If , France ean jmduce alteration of the boundaries’ to favor Serbia in the slightest degree, it is expected she will do so. .France llkewise would curtail Italy’s ambitions in the Ad- rigtic on every hand, because of age- old jealousy and antipathies, which were btit whetted as the result of the {dulxbau.tions surrounding the treaty of peace with the central powers. bassadars, to which the Albanian \frontier question was referred. The | council of ambassadors has been de- thereby delaying action. Decision Expected at Once. That some decision will come imme- ‘dfately, however. in view of the press- 'ing situation, may be taken for granted. The league has asked the council for a report on the situation. The league. it is- announced, will probably O. K. the ambassadors’ find- ings and pass them along to Alba It is believed Serbian aggression will | be frowned upon in view of the al- most insolent way in which the Serbs have flouted the league from time to time, particularly in the case of Ba- nat and in regard to Albania. which, | being a member of the leaguc, is en- titled to all the safeguards which the Irague’ is supposed to throw about * jts members. Serbia, if the presen' juvaded arca, _ihe~ region of Arras. is not surrend- cred, on warning. will lay herself open to sich action as league mem- hers may «decide, That this action will he forceful in character may be as- sume, for the larger powers have lio desire to see created & new situation % the Balkans, which may lead to such another catastrophe as occurred in August 1914 - oM. Spailakevitch, Serbian delegate to the leagde sessions in Geneva, has LANGUAGE OF VIOLENCE AND EUROPEAN CRISIS (Continued from First Fage.) 3 and laboring under one and the I%hte “apprehension—now _to defepd mselves against Germany’'s compe- on. In order to pay her indemni- es Germany is obliged to at the lowest possible cost. and in “rder to produce cheaply she must reach: a maximum of technical prog- ress. But to export cheaply means to destroy the commerce of neutral and the conflicting currents of political ; bringing further 1ssues to the fore at | the moment, when so many questions | These issues are certain to have been | thrashed out by the council of am-|utter liberating far longer on the question ! than ordinarily would take, and it is| 10" "be “presumed that the allies have [ ‘been thrashing out their differences, | (1% "W ol Ciohe ” who surely will | | counter with baseless charges against | | assist Gen. Petlura and Poland con- | of Europe that Russia would endeav- | Poland, abrogate ‘the treaty of Riga seven by fifteen miles in | | of faith have fooled no one in the dip- | lomatic world -except the exceedingly | ted cmphatically that Serbla will | unsophisticated i | witl | life. produce | | erisls which threatens, and preparcs! i ne \ SERBIANS FACING ~ REBUFF BY ALLIES| Against Albania Will Not Be ! Permitted —Russian Bad Faith - Again Demonstrated. not ,permit the league to interfere with Serbian intentions In the least. As:a matter of fact Serbia. will pay some attention to the larger powers. for should Italy and Great Britain unjte: to ‘nphold league decisions thére is:little Serbia can do but caplt- ulate. Furthermore, in case of resist- ance to"the ‘allies, Serbia cahnot but antagonize financial and commercial interests, notwithstanding the friend- ship of France. Albania a Plaything. Albania. small as she is, undoubted- 1y .always will remaln a plaything for the larger powers, but at least they wlll give the Albanian peoples some chance of deciding what they want. There never again will be a case such as Montenegro, where by packed elections and actual force of arms the Serbians swallowed an en- tire people and country. 3 In view of the whole European sit- uation there is every reasog to be- lieve that Serbia Is about to give an iexample of how a nation may for- sake valnglorious boasts and walk the chalk line of rectitude. Until shel doés and materially curtails expan- i sive political ambitions there will be little peace in the Balkans. The fact must be taken into consideration that four-fifths of the people in Balkan territories putside Serbia are jealous, { therefore opposed to Serbian aspira- tions. while the rule of Belgrade over ! its own peoples has not been thor- | oughly established, particularly in Crcatia and Magyar regions of the inorthwest. { 1f the league of nations acts ex- peditiously in the case of Albania and forces Serbia to close her political wings, upholds right and justice in S0 far as the future of the Albanian i peoples is concerned, then it will have | done much to justify its existence and t the same time prove the need of such {an organization in Europe to perpet- { uate peace: but should it fail, then the {league might as well curl up and die, {in so far as future influence is con- lcerned. 1f the league cannot end conflict between two member na- tions, how can it be expected to halt conflict where one or other of tie ! contesting powers is without the or- { ganization? Bolshevik Bad Falth. Notwithstanding all reports of a change of faith on the part of Rus- sian bolghe leade: notwithstand- ing repeated aspurances in the past itwelve _months on the part of Lenin fand Tchitcherin foreign minister, | i that the soviet regime has abandoned ! plans looking toward the bolsheviza- | tion of other countries. and their re- peated assurances that the colonial @ possessions of countries with whom | trade agreements have been signed | will not bLe disturbed, the Russians are éarrying on_active preparations i or a revolt in the north and morth- | western sections of India. Bolshevist | i Ve established “consulates” tan, have imported a vast number of arms and unlimited quan- tities of munitions and have taught the Aghans and Nepalesc their use. This will mean _that instead of pre- vious disorganized attemipts against British rule the natives will be train- | ed and equipped to a point where | their efforts may be far reaching. unless the British go to great lengths in protecting their, tenure in India, as undoubtedly willbe the case. . War Now Threatencd. | This is but another instance of the | disregard bolshevik leaders have for thelp word and for any agreements they may have effected Lord Curzon has warned the hol- Eheyiks to desist, and that the Russ British trade agreement may be ab-| rogated. - But it is not expected that the threat will have any Ereat force the British. Further eviflence of the | belshevik lack of knowledge of what ! good faith means is demonstrated in Trotsky’s remarks in regard to wari against Rumania and Poland. He de- clares that if Rumania continues to | tinues to aid and abet Gen. Savinoff in continued plotting against White Russia_ and southwestern bord states Russia will go to war. It hasj been long known in the chanceleries or, sooner or later, to seek revenge on and seek new flelds of aggression in | Rumanla. Trotsky, who has been in ! western Russia for the past weck re- | organizing his armies, may use thesc : flimsy excuses for action. 1t is also | well known that a leopard cannot | change his spots. and. therefore, the is nothing remaining but for all n tion and strife, in which the bolshevi the bolshevik regime and anticipa anything in_the way of disorganiza- tion and strife, in which the belshevik | leaders are pastmasters. Bolshevik | propaganda_through misguided tem- porary visitors from other nations and. bold pronunciamentos of change and of France, the American pressman | asked me my views on peace. i is more necessary thani mly one- thi I answered “Eu- ! rope must smile. Rut that life-giving smile has now faded from all- 1ips; nothing remains but_hatred. threats and excitement. | When 11 smilc again she dise = political ideas of| peace and the genuine springs of | The decp and widespread economic | wars, the deep’ social crisis which threatens and prepares new i conflicts at home, are nothing but the impression of a state of soul. i Statesmen are chiefly responsible vven of victorlous countries. Thus all tarifts which have-hitherto been pub- lished or. are. in course of preparation reveal -one fundamental object—that of reducing Gérmsn. “competition, which is equivalent to preventing the payment, of the indemnity. 3 o K kX the war_they would come to the con- the only. logical plan would be that of small indemnities. payable in a few years, and the debting of the losers with their debt towar }#nd Ireland, when the situation of Jyrope would thange as If by magic. Why the” disor spoken i war,{s_still 2. real and existing thing. Why are dissatisfaction and discom: everywhere production remains below the level of consumption, and soizure of the wealth produced by If. the. winners and the losers were, to forget for a moment all ideay o(l Great, Britain | that of hatred. For some na-| minerais; 207,264 in manufacturing tions, as for some groups, of society,|and mechanical. industries, and 66,524 fort on the increase? Because almost| ;90,599 persons ten years of age and many | constituting 33.5 per cent of the total soclal groups have in view mot the in- | Jobuiation .of . the. state. crease bf production, but the- violent| Lo & for._having continued the language of violence. They should be the first to inaugurate the language of peace. MANY* PERSONS. WORKING. | Lliga Par;:cntage in Maryland in Gainful Occupations. There were . 603,373 persons ten clusion that the oppression of the Van-|jears of age and over engaged in!only a salve on the surface. quished cannot ldst forever, and thatl goiney] . oceupations in Maryland in! 1920, the census. buredu announced | yesterday, constituting 41.6 per cent of | the total population of the state and; 521 .per cent of the population ten | Yedrs of age and over. ' - | Of these workers 466,209, or 77.3 aves Europe find itself in such ; el o Bosnpiealsordcr? Becatise |Do5 29 wera malés and 17,108, or per “cent, females. Nearly 16 per rder of morals idéa persists. | (g, r j = Tn ‘almost -every. country .nerves are g;?lt“lr: 95,930, were engaged in agri: still on’ 8 tension and the language|pangry; hus- forestry and animal of 6670 in extraction in’ domestic and personal service. In West Virginia in 1920 there were over engaged in gainful occupations, Of the 125,541, or 25.6 per cent, were engaged in agriculture, forestry and N THE SUNDA? STAR, WASHINGTON, D.. C.,. SEPTEMBER, .25, .1921_—,]3’@'1‘ 2. : : * 3" THE STORY THE WEEK HAS TOLD) BY HENRY W. BUNN. . (Copyright, 1921, by The Washington Star.)’ HE following is a brief summary of tife most important news of the world for the seven days ended September 24: IRELAND.—De Valéra’s “self-recog- nition” telegram did not mend matters. Re- plying thereto by telegraph on the 18th, Lloyd George declares that De Valera's subtle Inter- pretation “does not modify the claim that your delegates should meet us as representatives of a sovereign and independent state.” He takes issue with De Valera's intimation that he (Lloyd George) had in correspondence and in effect recognized him (De Valera) as president of an independent and sovereign Ireland. “I invited you,” says Lloyd George, “to meet me, in the words of my letter, as the chosen leader of the great majority of southern Ireland, and you accepted the invitation. “From thte very outset of our conversations 1 told you that we looked to Ireland to own, allegiance to the throne and to make her future as a member of the: British commonwealth. That was the basis of our proposals shd we cannot alter it. “The status you now claim in adwance for vour delegates is In effect a repudiation of that basis. 1 am prepared to meet your dele-+ gates, as I met you in July, in the capacity of the chosen spokesman for your people to discuss the associgtion of Ireland with the British commonwealth. “My colleagues and 1 cannot meet them as representatives of a sovereign and independ- ent state without disloyalty on our part to the throne and the empire. I must, therefore, repeat that unless the second paragraph of your letter of the 12th Is withdrawn a conference between us is fmpossible.” (In the paragraph referred to De Valera said that, in view of the fact that formally declared its independence and recog- nizes itself as a.sovereign state, it is only as representatives of that state and as its chosen guardians that we have authority or. powers to act on behalf of our people.”) After consulting the dail eireann, on the 9th, De Valera feplied in a telegram which I shall quote at length because what is im- portant thereof is the nuances, the shades, which simply cannot be transferred to a di- gested statement. “We have had Tno thought at any time of asking you to accept any conditions precedent to a conference. We would have thought it as unreasonable to expect you as preliminary to recognize the Irish republic formally or in- formally as that you should expect us. for- mally or informally, to surrender our national position. It is precisely because neither side accepts the position of the other that there is a dispute at all and that a conference is neces- sary to search for and discuss such adjust- ments as fnight compose it. “A treaty of accommodation and association, properly concluded between the peoples of these two islands and between Ireland and the group of states in the British commonwealth, would. we believe, end the dispute forever and enable the two nations to settle down pursuing its own individual development and contributing its own quota to civilization, but working together in free and friendly co- operation in affairs of agreed common concern, “To negotiate such a treaty the respective representatives of the two nations must meet, but if you seek to impose preliminary condi- tions which we must regard as involving the surrender of our whole position they cannot meet. N 2 “We reguest you to state whether your letter of “September 7 is intended to be a demand for surrender on our part or an invitation to a conference free on both sides, and without prejudice should an agreement not be reached. “If the latter. we readily .confirm our ac- ceptance of the Invitation, and our appointed delegates will. meet your government represent- atives at any time in the immediate future that you designate.” Comment on the above is of course Some say it is meaningless, others others obstructive, but the majority seems to be that De Valera is in the case of the lady who, “saying she would ne'er consent, consented”: that, though in cloudy and circum- lucotory language, his reply really does with- various. evasive, opinion BY EDWARD N. DINGLEY. | ¥vield “Ireland has_~ in peace, each to the frantic appeals of the draw the offensive paragraph that Lioyd George shouid make no further.difficulty, but should welcome the already selected Irish representatives to conference. Lloyd George, in- consultation with his cabinet, is still con- sidering his answer. The whole world has hand to ear. 4 * ¥k k ¥ GERMANY—A' terrible explosion occurred in- the Badische chemical works at Oppau, Germany, the-other day. Some 800 persons were killed and 2,000 wounded. It is singular “that no one has suggested Divine retribution as_the cause, since the first polson gas used in the war was manufactured at this plant. On the other ‘hand, it is remarkable that im- portant accldents do not occur more frequently in manufactories of this sort. It is rumored that the German government is about to be reconstructed o as to include a strong representation of the people’s party. In other words, a swing to the right. The new coalition, the rumor has it, is to include rep- resentatives of the people’s party, the demo- cratic party, the centrists ani the majority soclalists. Perhaps Wirth must go: rumor is not so sure about that, and with Wirth is tax program? If so, what alternative scheme-is proposed for meeting the reparation obliga- tions? é Perhaps none. At any rate, Hugo Stinnes, the greatest man in the people's party, says: “It is impossible for Germany to pay the reparation demanded.” * ok ok % SOVIET RUSSIA.—The British government has sent a mote to the Moscow government charging the latter and its agents with sundry violations of the trade agreement between the two governmengs. ' Bolshevist activities aimed to undermine British interests, especlally those in the east, “continue unabated and are directly instigated by the soviet government,” says thi note; whereof the British government ‘“pos: e indisputable evidence.” Wherefore, majesty’s government asks for definite assur- ance that the soviet government will cause these activities, which constitute breaches of the trade agreement, to cease.” Language, it seems to me. of the mildest Doubtless the assurance will be forthcoming 1d the activities will continue unabated. Full diplomatic relations have been estab- shed between Germany and soviet Russia—a fact of great importance. One would like to hear the comment at Geneva. But, chiely, now do London and Paris feel about it? Poland has sent to the Moscow government an “ultimiatum’, (expiring October 1). demand- ing payment of the 30,000.000 rubles which Moscow in the treaty of Riga promised to pay. else Warsaw will break off diplomatic relations. Moscow has withheld payment on the graund that Poland has, contrary to the treaty terms. sheltered and abetted Gen. Savinkov and other anti-bolshevist leaders. (It was reported the other day that Savinkov had left Poland.) After all, thirty million rubles is not much of sum and one cannot conceive that Poland would go to war for it. . 2 Perhaps ome should recall in this connec- tion that in recent notes to the allies Moscow has charged France, Poland and Rumania with planning to attack her and with giving aid to Gen. Petlura~the Ukrafnian nationalist leader, who is again in the field. Moreover, there is an unconfirmed report, now a little musty, that Moscow has declared a state of war to exist in Bessarabia between Rumania and soviet tus Other reports tell of red mobilizations suspiciously close to the Polish and Rumanian borders. These peoples are all mad with sus- picions, but -one hesitates to believe that they are quite so mad as to fall to fighting again. The first carloads of American relief sup- plies have reached the Tartar republic (Kazan). * ok k% UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.—Congress resumed work on Wednesday after a thirty-day vacatio The House has little to do for the present, but the Senate will probably have to work night as well as day to get through its schedule before the first Monday in December. That schedule calls for action chiefly on the following: The tariff and tax bills, the rail- road relief bill, the peace treaties with Germany, Austria and Hungary, the Borah: canal tolls re- peal bill and the conference report on the The Conference on Unem Campbell-Willis. “anti-beer™’ bill. There is doubt whether the tariff bill will be passed this session. The foreign relations committee has favor- ably reported the treaties, but has embodied in)each resolution of ratification a reserva- tion which provides that the United States shall not be represented in any body, agency or commission created under the treaty unless or until an act of Congress shall provide for such representation. Presumably such act of Congress would require confirmation by the Senate of presidential nominees to such bodies. This reservation obviously hampers United States ~ participation in Furopean affafrs. Senator Borah alone of the ten members prasent of the committee opposed favorable reference of the treaties with the clog attached. He will lead the opposition to the treaties on the floor of the Senate, but there is little reason to doubt ratification. Congress, it is said, would have pleased the admnistratiqn had it postpéned consideration of the canal tolls question wntil after the Washington conference. It has been plausibly urged that Senate action adverse to British claims might have an effect on British psychology not altogether helpful to the aims of the conference. The debate on the conference report on the anti-beer bill, which fairly sizzlgd before the recess, is being resumed with no less fierceness. It is not a contest between the wets and dry; rather between the wets and the strict constitu- tionalists. A resolution has been offered in the Senate calling_ for publicity in the proceedings of the Washington conference. The national conference on unemployment will open at Washington on the 26th. Gen. Patrick succeeds Gen. Menoher as chief of the air service of the Army. He wax chief of the air service of the A. E. F. * % k% THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.—The com- mission appointed to consider that matter has decided that the assembly is not competent to pass upon the dispute between Bolivia and Chile; apparently because revision of a treaty is in question. Presumably the commission considered solely sthe merits of the case, not at all the embarrassment of the assembly, be- deviled, perhaps, by thoughts of the Monroe doctrine. The assembly is debating the complaints of Albania, particularly her charge that the Jugoslavs have violated her northern frontier. It is expected that the assembly will decide in favor of Albania. And then what? The lan- zuage of the Jugoslav delegates in the discus- sion on this maiter was extremely impudent: wherefore Mr. Balfour roundly rebuked them. Neither Lithuania nor Poland will accept the league council’d proposals for a settlement Mr. Balfour made a ‘notable speech, scoring both, but especially Poland. What is to be the next phase of that controversy, so singu- larly dangerous to the peace of Europe? The discussion of armament goes on with frequent reference to the United States, upon whose unwillingness to co-operate with the league is charged the failure or delay of the league's moet important project, such as con- trol of the traffic in arms, definition of man- dates, rehabilitation of Austria. Latvia, Esthonia and.Lithuania have been admitted to membership in the league. The ad- mission of Lithuania was bitterly opposed by Poland. * k k% MISCELLANEOUS.—It is reported that the council of ambassadors is about te dispatch an ultimatum to ' Hungary requiriug that all Hungarian troops, regular or irregular, be evacuated from the Burgenland by a date named. The Burgenland is a rich little agri- cultural distriet in the northwestern corner of old Hungary, which was quite rightly assigned to Austria by the treaties of Trianon and St. Germain. Hitherto the Hungarians have insolently refused to relinquish military pos- session. The Czechs, the Jugoslavs and the Italians are all ready to oust them if given an allied mandate to do so. No news whatsoever this week of the war in Anatolia between the Greeks and the Turks. It seems a sound inference that things are going badly with the Greeks. = ploymént to bring out the duty of capital and, of the aggregate amount of the contri- ithe age of machinery and mass pro- s, o | equipment. bring its just reward” | of the starving and struggling unem- INCE tlle days when the Roman emperors doled out food to the hungry and angry to keep them quiet for a time governments have been vexed with the problem of unemployment and the army of unem- ployed. The modern wage system and duction have magnified this problem, until today, not only in America, but{ throughout the entire ind\lslrisli world, the unemployed constitute a| not insignificant percentage of the population clamoring for food. cloth- ing and an opportunity to obtain botk | by the sale of their labor. Nor is this unemployment confined to manual 1a-| bor. It reaches out into the so-galled; educated classes who have devoted more ov lesdi time to fitting them- selves for mental labor in various walks of life, until the query is rpised not infrequently, Does an eduation pay? Will mental training, mental The United States is aroused again ta the serious consideration of this| tremendous economic problem, for .it touches the national welfare. No longer can the situation be handled by charity or through charitable or- | gandzations. It is not sufficient to es- tablish soup houses or national or municipal lodgings. National feeding ployed, either in America or in Rus- sla, temporarily necesary, does mot| touch the root of the matter; it is Bconomists agreé that while the world war precipitated universal economic disorder, the cause lies back | of that. The war heavily decreased the supply of world labor; and, under the law of supply and demand, the | demand should have increased, jobs should have multiplied and unemploy- ment should have decreased. The con- trary has taken place. The trouble lies baék of supply and demand. Eng- land, has been struggling with thej problem and groping for a cause. America is face to face with the prob- lem ‘and seeking for the cause. | Hence the meeting of -the national conference in this_city this coming week. to consider the question of un- employment. is of tremendous im- portance. This will be one of several great| Trouble 1s Deep-Seated. ! public. Early in that month Presi- dent Roosevelt made a characteristic move. He took the short cut and de- cided that humanity and the public interest were of greater importance than private property or the rights of labor. He notified both sides in the long struggle that if they would net agree to arbitrate and in the mean- time operate the mines and produce coal the United States government would step in and seize and operate them for the public welfare. President Roosevelt sent Carroll D. Wright to John Mitchell, head of the miners’ union, with this message, that “if the workers will return, the Presi- dent will appoint a commission to in- vestigate and do all in his power to obtain a settlement of those ques- tions in accordance with the report of the commission.” at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. in New York, and at the old Arlington Hotel, in Washington. which: due to an.acci- dent to the President in Massachu- setts, resulting in a_broken leg, was made the temporary White House. The night of October 15 was memorable, for then occurred & midnight confer- ence between the President and rep- resentatives of the coal operators, when the President, it is said, used very vigorous language. The matter of ‘arbitration was settled, and on the following day final’terms reached. The famous anthracite coal com- mission appointed by the President consisted of Brig. Gen. John M. Wil- son, “E. W, Parker, Judge George Gray, E. E. Clark, Thomas H. Watkins and - Carroll D. Wright, acting as recorder. The award was not made until March 21, 1903. 3 First Industrial Conterence. The first industrial conference, in the words of President Wilson, was to “consider fundamental means of bettering the whole relationship of labor and capital and putting the whole question of wages upon another footing.” Membership in the confer- ence was divided into three groups, onc representing capital, a second labor and’ the third the general public, At the first meeting Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of ‘the Interior, was| made chairman. The meetings were open and held in the Hall of the Americas Jn the Pan-American build- ing. The Tirst step takeni the-decigion to vote only by groups, started tfou- ble, and’ proved to be the rock on which the entire conference was wrecked. - A committee of fiftéen was named to formulate a program u“i steer thes proceedings, Soon it developed tbat the real veral conferenccs were held, both ! labor to society. Secretary Lane said:, “The industrial | conference really never got slartzd.] It died at its birth, beeause questions arose which it was not prepared to to go at this business of adjusting la- bor troubles by good sense instead of force. I want to see a new conference --a real council of national defense stnlnn the kind of civil war which some seem think another irrepressi- ble conflict.” Second Industrial Conferemce. A second industrial conference was called November 21, 1919 consisting of seventeen delegates. They were: Secretary Wilson, Herbert Hoover, former Attornéy General Gregory, Julius Rosenwald, George Wicker- sham, Oscar Strauss, Henry M. Rob- inson of California, Prof. Frank W. i Taussig, former Gov. McCall of Mas- sachusetts, Martin H. Glynn_of New| York, Henry C. Stuart of Virginia, Dr. W. O. Thompson, Richard Hooker, George T. Slade of St. Paul, Owen W. Young, Henry J. Waters and Stanley King of Boston. This conference met in Washington December 2, 1920. In calling it to- gether President Wilson said -that there *“should be no groups,” and sug- gested the establishment of a “federal ‘Collrl. of fair dealing.” This: second conference held secret sesslons and formulated an elaborate program of industrfal relations and for the ad- justment of industrial disputes, but nothing ever came of it. Unemployment is both voluntary and involuntary. Strikes are voluntary unemployment.. The conference which meets in this city this coming week will deal with involuntary unemploy- ment. A well known American economist | writes: “I am troubled concerning that |class which is worthy, and willing to {work, but often unable to secure the | necessary work and money to Keep life together. For this class I feel that there should- be some kind of unem- ployment insurance.” , Long ago many- countries in Europe recognized their incfeasing responsibil- ity to society by adopting unemploy- | ment Insurance. This plan has beén in | operation in France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Holland, Norway and Denmark for some time. Now Great Britain, vexed even more than the [ United 'States by the problem of unem- ployment, has been compelled to adopt this ‘plan, called by some a form of “state sociallsm.” ! British Umemployment Insurance. j The British unemployment insurance act is administered by the board of trade through the employment ex- changes, trade unions and friendly so- butions paid by employer and employe. The benefit is a weekly payment of 20 shillings for men and 16 shillings for{ ‘women, one-half these amounts to con- tributors under eighteen years. during eight months. After July 2, 1922, maximum period of twenty-six weeks per year will pertain, subject to certain conditions. At the age of sixty con- tributors may, under certain wndllhms.l obtain a refund of their contributions, together with interest. In February, 1921, the number of PAN-AMERI CAN UNION NOT PEACE TRIBUNAL Opposition Displayed to Suggestion That It Become an Agency to Settle Latin American Disputes. BY BEN McKELWAY. ITH nearly every discussion of disputes between the countries of Latin Amer- ica there comes the sug- gestion that the Pan-American Union provide an agency through which these differences might be peacefully adjusted. And the suggestion raises an interesting question as to the fu- ture of this institution and whether it can ever hope to enter a field which it has always carefully sought to avoid. For more than twenty yeiré now the diplomatic representatives of the Latin American republics have held monthly meetings with the Secretary of State at the Pan-American Union building and discussed questions of common interest to the Americas. The result of these conferences is partial- ly shown in the importance of the Pan-American Union today as an agency for developing what has come to be known as the “pan-American spirit.” In addition. the round-table discussions have placed the Pan- American Union in a unique position among international agencies.. Its his- | tory has shown anly steady porgress, free from the discord which so often enters a body composed of the repre- sentatives of powers betwecn whom international rivalry naturally exists. The purpose of the Pan-American Union has been to bring aboui the commercial and cultural devieopment of the Americas; to create a helpful understanding which will benefit the people of the western hemisphere and aid their advancement. : Virtually every step taken in this direction has heen made with the co-operation of {tre Pan-American Union in.Washing- jton. or at its solicitation. The grow- {ing trade between the republics of { Latin Amcrica has been due to a large jextent to the Pan-American Union. Students are exchanged between the {United States and the republics of the fouth through the Pan-American Union: scicntific and medical con- | Eresses are arranged: medical and sanitary missions visit South Amer- jica: teachers are sent to the schools fof Latin America from this country, -{and innumerable other mutually bene- ficial arrangements are made through the Pan-American Union. But while the Pan-American Union | hsa been successful, its work is only ibeginning. There is an immense op- portunity for it to meet in years to come. Should it leave its chosen field to enter an_ entirely new one—the adjustment of international disputes— there are many who believe much of {the Eond accomplished in_the past would be lost, while the work of the future would be sorely handicapped. i Those who sce the disadvantages in a change in the present policy of the Pan-American Union in avoiding in- | ternational disputes cite three main poinw for their stand. In the first place. the governing {board of the Pan-American Union is S0 constituted that the present ar- rangement would preciude its taking {any action on matters of international jdispute. The board is composed of he diplomatic representatives of the Latin American countries in Wash- ngton, with the Secretary of States as chairman ex-officio.. Such a body pos- | sesses no authority for the settlement { of international disputes. Second. should an agreement be reached between the member coun- itries of the Pan-American Union i which would enable that institution to take up the settlement of interna- | tional disputes, the way would be laid open for disrupting an organization which so far has shown undivided progress. And, finally, Latin American repre- sentatives are beginning to place hope in the establishment of the court of international justice at Geneva, pro- vided for by the league of nations. Nigety-five per cent of disputes be- {tween the countries of Latin America iare over old boundaries. inherited |from a time when no republic of South or Central America anticipated the growth attained today. There is no reason why these disputes. some of which gravely threaten Sofgh Ameri- can progress, cannot be anMcably set- tled. And the international court of meet. This should not end the effort |2 maximum period of sixteen weeks igijus(ice provides the medium for set- tlement. The only fly in the ointment, as re- gards a decision of this_tribunal, is the Monroe doctrine. No FEuropean power could enforce its decision. But many believe a decision of the high court would not have to be enforced by arms, and should force ever be workers in Great Britain coming un- der unemployment insurance was 12,- 000,000. The number of unemploved was 1,040,000 Dumber of unemployed Increased to 2,147,400 Leaders to Participate. Many of the best known men ahd women in the land, including manu- facturers, labor leaders, industrial captains, social workers omists, will participate in the unem- ployment conference in this city this coming week. The program will cover every phase of the problem. practical and theoretical. It is hoped that many helpful suggestions and a real na- tional policy, will be the result of the deliberations, and that the outcome will be fruitful. This conference is even more important nationally, than the limited armament conference of next November, some say. The Presi- dent will push the button, but the de liberations-and the results, primarily. will be in the hands of Secretary Hoover and his assistants. Secretary of Labor Davis will be Secretary Hoover's aid, for the matter of labor and unemployment is in Secretary Davis' department. Among the leading participants will be Julius Barnes, who made a national reputation as head of the United States Grain_Corporation during the war; Edgar E. Clark, a member of the Roosevelt _anthracite coal sion; James Couzens, mayor of Detroit and ‘once a partner of Henry Ford in the automobile business, and made a millionaire’ by Ford; Mayor Andrew J. Peters of Boston, who made a na- tiondl name for himself by ably as- sisting Gov. Coolidge in handling the Boston ?ollce strike; 1da M. Tarbell of “lid-lifting” fame; Samuel McCurme Lindeay, who prepared the last re- publican national campaign book, and Prof. Edward Seligman, econo- mist. Manufacturers, railroad men, labor organizations and social and ln-‘ dustrial uplifters have their able rep- resentatives. What will the harvest( be? , Responsibility ef Natiom. The broad questions to be consider- ed will be these: What is the nation’s responsibility’ to the unemployed? enmmis- | the number. ten vears and over. en- On June 3, 1921, the|gaged in gainful pursuits now should be about 44,000.000; but reports of the number actually emploved fall far short of this. ‘Labor Department rec- ords show a_ steady decline in em- ployment_and wages from January. 1920, to June, 1921. During the last three months there has been a slight and econ-|gain in some lines, but further de- | clines in others. What and how much can legislation or artificial respiration stimulate the industrial situation? How many jobs and_positions can the unemployment conference seéure for the unemployed What is the root of the difficulty? an economic tonic sufficient, or is the surgeon's knife needed? -~ Can the problem be solved by human agency alone? - EXPECT MORE GERMANS. Flood Likely to Follow Re-Estab- lishing Consular Offices. Unless the German government dis- courages emigration. a flood of Ger- mans may follow the rp-establish- { ment of American consular offices In that country, in the opinion of of- ficials of the Department of Labor. While the percentagc immigration law ! permits not more than 13,000 Germans to enter this country in one month. | practically none has come here in recent months,-notwithstanding that the American commissioner at Ber- lin has the power to wvise passports. With the setting up of consular of. fices at the various ports, however, it will be much easier for vises to be obtained, provided the German gov- ernment is willing to issué passports. Department of Labor officials are in- clined to the view that emigtation from Germany will be limited by German law. < Italy already has taken e hand in reducing 'emigration, the monthly quotas falling well below the maxi- mum,- which can be admitted under the law. In June, the first month the law was in operation, the queta for Is | necessary, it is pointed out, its use could be ieft to the nations of Latin America. * % % % In a country where a state of abso- lute prohibition became a law over night the efforts of Chile—whose na- tional life depends to a great upon the revenues from the facture and sale of liquor—to bring about a sible prohibition.” are in teresting. Senor Alfredo Avalos, wh is in this country to study the en- ! forcement of prohibition, states that Chile does nmot intend to solve her problem with mrere prohibition and the destruction of industries, but, by high taxation of the industry and en- couraging export and manufacture of non-alcoholic liquors, hopes gradually to_destroy the evil of alcoholism. The solution of the problem can not be found in laws of a prohibitiv character, states Semor Avalos. Fac- tors of an economic social and moral character have also to be considered The government now is giving thought to «conomic measures which will supplement the educational work carried on through the republic by the press and social organizations It has been decided, Senor Avalox says, to increase at the next congress. to 10.000.000 pesos the tax on vine- vards, which now yield approximately 2,000.000 pesos. Half of this sum will be used by the government to wmortize government bonds, by means {of which the srate will pay for vine vards and equipment voluntarily de- stroyed. The plan also contemplates restricting the sul'stance from which alcoholic liquors are rganufacturcd to grapes alone, and limits this pi duction to 2,000,000 liters the firs | vear and 1,000,000 liters the follow- ing years. The production of becr and analogous drinks is limited. im- port taxes are increased and a pro- hibitive tax levied on beer produced by brewerie8 established in the future Finally, the proposed legislation would entirely - prohibit the manu- facture or consumption of all classes of alcoholic bevereges in the nitrat and coal regions of Chile, with some important cities excepted. The iegis- lation also provides for a series of measures 1o encourage the produc- tion_gf aluohol intended exclusively for iffdustrial use. Spéaking of his observations of the effect of prohibition in the TUnited States since he last visited this coun try several vears ago, Senor Avalos comments on the improvement brought about by the abolition of the saloon. But he states his surprise that in York, Albany and other cities he vis- ited, “it is not difficult to secure some alcoholic beverag: Another fact that has disagreeably surprised me,” Senor Avalos says. “is that in the newspa- pers as well as theaters there is con- stant derision of the -law, to such an extent that the so-called ‘bootlegger’ is_being converted almost into a hero.’ While approving of the Volstead law in_most of its provisions, Senor Avalos believes light beers and wine should be allowed. * k x % Approval by President Porras of Panama of the charter for the Gorga< Memorial Institute, to be establish, in Panama City. will complete all prey arations for the institution’s foun: tion and work will begin immediatel: raising funds.in the United States to defray part of the expense of main- tenance. The charter was adopted by the provisional board of directors of the institute at the Pan-American TUnion building last week. s The following board of trustees for the memorial has been announced The President of Panama, the presi- dent of the national board of health of Panama, John Bassett Moore, Dr. L. S. Rowe. director general of the Pan- American Union: Admiral Braisted. Dr. Frankiin H. Martin of the Ameri- can College of Surgeons, and Surgeons General Ireland, Stitt and Cumming of the Army, Navy and public health service, respectively. Dr. Richard Strong, director of the Harvard School of Tropical Medicine. is expected to become director of the Gorgas Institute when plans for its actual starting are completed. * ¥ ¥ % Henry F. Lefetre, a brotherf J. I Lefevre, charge d'affaires ad interim jof the’ Panama legation here. has opened a_technical information bureau in Washington to supply data to in- dividuals or corporations interested i the_development of natural resources in Latin America. Mr. Lefevre is an engineer who has had a long experience in Central and South America. * X x * | Senor Carlos Castro Ruiz has just arrived here to succeed Senor Don Luis Illanes as counselor of the Chilean embassy. Senor Castro served for some time as consul general in New York, and recently has been in Chile on personal business. Senor 11- lanes goes to Japan as charge d'af- faires of the Chilean legation there. VOCATIONAL TRAINING NEEDS MORE U. S. AID (Continned from First Page.) ing for this vocation, which gives lifs employment to a far greater number of workers than do all the trades or industrial occupations combined. is so rarely provided in our public schools. “The Federal Board proposes as one item of its current program to pro- mote the extension of vocational edu- cation to comprehend the mneeds of women in the home, and thereby en- able them to render social service by the adequate performance of their du- ties as homemakers. ! For Farm Workers. , In agriculture the current program of the Federal Board contemplates the development of part-time education adapted to meet the needs of boys and men working on the farms. It pro- poses to extend the public school &ys- tem beyond the confines of the “littlc red schoolhouse” and to take educa- tion out into the fleld and into the !farm home itself. It proposes to ad- just our rural public school system to Tural conditions. and to provide agri- cultural training for the farmer and for his boy at such times, and in such ways as will make it possible for the farmer and for his boy to benefit by it. In the feld of commercial education the program of the board proposes to, define commercial vocations in such way as will make clear to our public school authorities that commerce fs. something more than iypewriting, stenography and bookkeeping. Com- mercial vocations have a well-defined and varied content, which xhould pro- vide a_basis for specific vocational in- struction. Better Industrial Training. _ In the field of trades and industries the present program of the board con- templates a continuous enrichment of our public school curriculum by ex- others. At home those social classes|animal husbandry and 103,219, or 21 fight was between the pen and the| whieh are unable to resist are threal-) yor cent, in extraction of minerals. ahes I ‘Wash- national conferences held im~ closed shop and the matter of col- ington in recent years to take up in- cleties. Under the unemployment' in-Does the nation owe the willing and suranice ‘acts of 1920 and 1921, substan- | worthy an opportunity to earn a liv- the month was exceeded, but restric- | tending the scope of vocational edu- ened;-abroad the vanquished, equally lective bargaining, and the situ: i - el 3 : 3 ation tion of passports since then has re- | cation to embrace & large number of bl e O eea isuatic dustrial problems of Erave H’an:|Was made more dificult by tha ,“_Imuy ail persons covered by ihe health | ing? What can be done to increase | duced Italian emigration about 50 per | ceupations, and by improving the acod: Thus the disorder and dissatls_| RE]) CROSS INTERESTS UP. | thracice coal conference in October, |ection of & demand by the ' labor |Inzurance scheme. are compelled to_be | the demand for labor. and enlarge the | cent. ‘chumcter of the.training given in each factlon. grevalent among the viclors ! e o e Roosevelt adminta. |ETOUP Nt the conference undertaice | H3UEG 58 ":..a“‘,;ig.:'.’“;:n?hm B | opportunities for employment, both AT line. 'As one phase of the work in thix - - : 2, dt el in. | to arbitrate the then existing strike 1 { men ? field the board is co-operating with e e B e |1 o Tnupzalems of e Amerk s another Was Hhe e er “1o1b, |of steel workers. & Strie | griculture and domestic service. Cor: | Nobody knows with any degree of LARGE ORE YIELD. several states in setting up schemes o worgl problem. If the vietors and | cen Rea Crése were discussed at ) IUSLTIS, SORIETEICT, WiTion: w dhivd | After @ fovorish struggle of seven | Minister of labor cortiles that they age | Sooureey! the extent of unemployment of foremanship training, for which it nquished White House conference yesterday be- | S31led, by, President, th S0 onterence |days the conference,on the 284 of Oc- | Thiloveq undor conditions which °|:'r:|;[:v‘nmen porthy and willing Men| G4 yiver, copper, lead and zinc Lgr‘z::ernlly recognized the need is viction that nothing but a common ef-| (ween President Harding, honorary fort oan save them and that the best head of the organization; Chief Jus- indemnity: of the enemy consists injyjce Taft, one of the vice presidents, working .together, a great te‘n- Will| und Mies Mabel Boardman, national e ution. | ecretary. : S | tober wWent to pieces. The labor group lwithdrew, the employers’ - group dropped oiit, and the public group alone romained on the scene of battle. The report stated that the split came of December. 1919, also called by President Wilson, and there were con- ferences of. vital importance here when the railway unions and the bi- tuminous coal unions threatened to A D e ) Finally, the program of the board confemplates the progressive exten- sion of vocational education as -a means of rehabilitating persons dis- number is stated variously from two to five million.. It claimed that more than half 2 milfion are_ex-serv- ice men. * o - According to the census of 1910, the ! mines in the United States, exclusive of Alaska, Droduced approximately 61,839,200 net tons of ore during 1919, the census burean announced yester- ‘ Tn the case of men of eighteen years ’nnd over 6 pence per ‘wee)f comes from the employer and 5 pemce per wéek In the case of from the employe. ow that the enemy has lost all and | ™A mong the subjects considersd were over the “interpretation of colléctive Hey e e Drollowing quantities of | abled in industry or otherwise. Vo- ¢ Sitens (o make us lose ihe traits pians for the Hed Cross comvention | SUFIKe: Dargaining.” . Samuel Gowmpirs Seld: | om: the eriioree dhd 4. L m-;rethl: total number of'people in the United | metals were mined: 1.833,300 fine | cational education is ot proposed as 3 a means of making the nd see, or our victory, one thing only,is nec- ‘Way Binzed by Roosevelt. “We have withdrawn and that ends States over ten years'of age engaged | ounces of gold, 51,224,300 fine ounces B f. to "be held at Columbus, Ohio, next In the cask of boys betwéen the deaf hear, or the lame walk, or “53ary, namely, to resume mnot ‘only s AR employe. 8 3 2 A month and the various relief cam-| In October, 1902, the great anthra-:it” Bernard Baruch, chairman‘of the |sixtee 3 teen comes | in _gainful pursuits was: 38,167.336. | of silver, 582,500 net tons of. copper, the Tahgaage but'the ideas of peace. | Tontl BC HhS NATlORR O Chow |cits coal strike had progressed for |public group, said the conference:had | from e e 1 518 ence. now | Thie.was a 1ibJe more than one-nalf | $42,000 st s of Ipad and 549.200 | the sick well, but it is proposed as & P AR o R i SR is engaged.. It .is- understood Mr.|more than five. months. Winter was| (1) brought the issue t6.the: people, |the employe. In the case of girls be-|of the total population, ten-yedrs and | net tons of “recoverable zinc.” Placer | means of rendering those disabled, in e .of_the lat’intermational | Harding: was, urged. to-attend, the Co- | nigh; the situation perilous. The | (2) set the people thinking, (3) show-|tween sixteen- and teen years. 3% |over.” “THe censua of 1920, it is estl- | minés yielded. any way fit to engage in remunera- e RO e %11 lJumbus, convention, but indicated- it | whole country was threatened with [ed thi ‘rm difficulties, (4) “showed |pence per week com the er | mated, ‘will' show: ‘population ‘of fine:ouncesof 0 tive émployment and to ‘enter into %““ long talk. with} yrze. doubtful _whethor' he would be | distress from thie approaching season |the lntimste relifion be and 2 pence from: ive. - mbout 35:000/990:cver. tem years of age. | ot silvér .and 500 ounces: of -crude [{ree-and happy oomnuu--mi;--ur - 5 ‘miners refused to ' n i< i L1¢: the ‘same’ratio p tin g o 2 e e e A # % =t i ‘ 7 SN