Evening Star Newspaper, May 22, 1921, Page 45

DESIRE TO DICTATE STIRS ALLIED SPATS French and British Domination of Europe Hangs Upon Settlement of Silesian Ques- tion—France Aided by Alliances. BY OLIVER OWEN KU! S a result of the widely di- vergent viewpoints of British and French governments over the question of Silesia, truly | gecks. Once he said. “the entente is at stake.” Silesia is made the issue. But be- hind the Silesian question lies one great dominating factor offering ex- cuse for the machinations of states- men of the two nations at the mo- ment. And that motive is the in- trenchment, through events of the moment, of a perpetual dominating influence. If France wins in Silesia and Lloyd George is forced to capitulate from his stand that the Germans shall have section of Upper Silesia, if the plebiscite vote has so indicated, France’s political dominance becomes 80 great that it will take many years to undermine, unless the French set about on suicidal coursea. < Issues at Stake. Britain today knows that if France s permitted victory, then Britain's itical influence over a greater sec- tion of the continent materially will be curtailed and France will be in position to mold policies more in ac- cordance with the French.viewpoint and in_ contradiction to the British, for, notwithstanding all alliances, all pronounciamentos, all pledges of strongest concord and_ similarity of ambitions, had there been no Ger- man war the two countries would today be as far apart, in so far as aims and ambitions are concerned. as they were in the centuries when they ever were ready to fly at each other’s throats. The two peoples think along different channels, move in a different manner and formulate thetr domestic and foreign policies * with eye single to different ends. The war bound them together, but out of that struggle has grown a_tangle of jealousies occasioned by old-world settlements and intrigues born of Controls Small Nations. France today fl,l:;: hel:rel{ tg .l;“ purposes in_pract! control of the licles of Czechoslovakia,. Rumania, land and Jugoslavia. Three-fourths of the three million men now in arms in Burope, to all intents and pur- poses, are controlled from Paris. Any steps taken by French statesmen to t French influence in sec- agree: it section of Europe’s popula- m in accord at the moment. Accord there is, whether it be born of real pathy or merely political expe- Briand or any other French premier Bas it within his power to move these smaller countries on the chessboard of international politics, but only as long as it would appear France’s po- Iitical lence is preponderant in the councils of the allies. Naturally, felt obliged to insist, even at the point of the bayonet, on German | fulfiliment of all reparations claims. Naterally, Millerand and Briand re- Lioyd n effort to rize in the size or E The Polish aggression in Upper Sile- ‘sia, even though undoubtedly tacitly if not officlally so, by has led to complications g forth the sharpest public re- from the premier of Britain. Pol- ish action has threatened to bring ibout actual hostilities between the Poles and the Germans in the western i 600 certainly not Pol- ish. * _The PoMsh maneuver, against which the French have been loath to move in ic British to be without the treaty of Ver- and as-a consequence the British to recognize the fait ac- tedly nch ‘whic undoubt Fre: and ] 8 -3 ] M [ 3 B § industrially, is considered by the | was and | war in that in future years France shall not be menaced militarily. Lloyd George'’s Viewpoint. Lloyd George’s policy.may be summed up in two of his remarks during recent “I dislike trifling with the treaty. You may say, ‘Oh, they're only Germans.” But they are entitled to everything the treaty gives them.” Again he stated in more warning fashion: ““The course of the world in coming years cannot be forecast. Apart from treaty obligations events which cannot foreseen must determine the future groupings of the nations, and the future of the world, and especially of Europe, will be determined by new and old friendships.” Desirous of Concord. In this Lloyd George sees that prob- lems must be settled along the line of International concord and not for the perpetuation of selfish nationalistic in- terests. He serves warning on France, r.ow heatedly assailing the British view- point, that present antagonisms are thveatening present afliances. The French now will be quick to grasp at the idea of future alliances between the British and Germans, inasmuch as Lloyd George ever has been accused of wooing Germanic favor for Britain by actions in allied councils intended to mitigate Germany’s punishment. The British will go far in backing their premier against any recognition of Po- lish action in Silesia. This is indicated by most recent events. The British people ze that if the French policy of complacency with Polish aggression is sanctioned the treaty will mean noth- ing, and the same time French policies and influences among_the smaller na- tions will grow apace, for France will be in position to turn to them and say: “See, treaty of Versailles or no treaty, Britain is forced to bow to France in Silesia. France is supreme in Europe. Sranee ‘will be dictator of Europe's poli- en.m ‘Will Remain En Bloe. And, knowing. colloquially speak- ing, “on which side their bread is but- ered,” the smaller nations of the con- tinent will continue to lend support to that bloo which will about after all do as they please unless there be a newer or more preponderant align- ing as the result of the course of events, such as Lloyd George has forecast. = Events in Silesia will decide whether there is to be further dis- agreements between France and Britain, Too much has passed be- tween them since the war ended. ever to make possible the removal of latent suspicions as to policies and inten- tions, but inasmuch as Germany still has not paid and the treaty of Ver- sailles has not been met by the com- mon enemy, at least there will remain that common ground of meeting in the settlement of vexatious questions. If Adelbert Korfanty retreats from his position in Upper Silesia and the Poles agree to leave the settlement to the interallied commission and re- frain from aggression. there is pos- sibility that some settlement may be effected to prevent the open abyss upon the edge of which re- lationships between France and Brit- ain are so perilously hanging. _ If there is Polish withdrawal or the d | French and Poles capitulate to the chance of avoiding Germanic mill. tary Incursion into Silesia. latter occurs France and Poland will unite to make war upon Germany, and still further blows will be struck against an early return to normalcy in Europe, for unquestionably the French will strike forward into the Rubr on any pretext whatsoever. Still May Be Chagrined. And in all the negotiations, claims as stated, is at stake. Upon the settlement of affairs in Siesia more in accord with the view to conti- neatal reconstruction the ques- tion whether there will be peace or a which Britain, notwithstanding past ces, may herself a mere onlooker. For the French know that Britain will not fight for the perpetua- tion of strictly French theories or turn a hand to maintain Francophile alliances throughout the continent which may or may not react against British welfare. SETBACK TO EDUCATION - BYWORLD WAR DEPLORED Sidwell Friends School- Graduates Told Tt Was One of* Great- School at commencement exercises Friday night in the Frierids Meeting Hi5ae ot s of the most disastrous things that it did." he said, “was to take this rather compact, brash, smug na- tiom of ours, with our civilization and with our culture, which had reached nearly its ultimate development, and pumctured it as a balloon. It has shown us that what we thought was to fight, that what we th t was too intelligent to fight, that what we thought was too re- fined to fight, reverted as by a miracle to the gavage jungle law of tooth and dimw, and that which we cherished most went down in wreck and ruin that the war with its selfishness had brought into the world. Diplomas were presented o five graduates by Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Sidwell. principals of the school They are Florence Addys Hoskinsos Edgar Leonard Goodman, Lawrence Gouverneur Hoes, Anne Lockwood Lackey and Helen Loring. Miss Ger- trude MacRae was accompanist of songs by the school during the exer- clses, which were followed by a re- ception. * Among those who attended the ex- ercises was Rear Admiral Newton A. McCully. Four of his Russian wards are attending the school. " DAYLIGHT SAVING PLAN FOR GOVERNMENT CLERKS Senator Jones of Washington In- troduces Bill Applying to City and Federal Departments. Daylight saving in the District of Columbia is proposed in a bill intro- duced by Senator Jones of Washing- ton. The bill applies only to the government departments and Con- ess the street railways in lieves that if all the government de- partments in Washington and the street cars operate on a daylight sav- ing schedule the rest of the city will follow suit. The bill follows the old lines of the national daylight saving act enacted during the war. Senator Jones said that he be lieved the daylight saving plan wi beneficial to dwellers in the city, and that he saw no reason why the em- ployes of the government should not! benefit by it. The bill was referred ! to the Senate District committee, of which Senator Jones is a member. Daylight saving is now in practice in New York. Boston and many other eities, it was stated. 7.’5’ & i » g-u i £g ; 24 : 7y IREPORT 223 “DESERTERS” IN THREE D. C. DIVISIONS Only Three of Eleven Draft Boards Have Thus Far Completed Lists. umw. Gen. Harris has forwarded t aj. Gen. Adelbert Cronkhite, at Fort Howard, Md. commanding the 3d Corps area, which includes the Dis- trict of Columbla, the names of 223 residents of this city, “classified and reported by the local draft authori- ties as deserters from the military service of the United States, accord. ing to bublic draft records ‘in the on of the ad 4 o!_‘_t;he FEd jutant general | ere were eleven draft board: the District of Columbia, but tha as jutant general says that the records of only three of these boards have been finally checked and revised. The lists already forwarded to the corps area commander are those received from the draft boards of the first, ffth and eighth divifions. Gen. Har- ris declined to-say how many alleged deserters” were reported in each of those divisions, but said there was a total of 223 in the three divisions. Acting under general instructions, Gen. Cronkhite will have the lists of names printed and delivered to all the newspapers in the District of Co- lumbia for such use as they may have for them. It is estimated at the War Department that the Dis- trict lists now in the hands of the corps area commander should be ready for distribution fo the local newspapers early next week. EXPECT FAIR FRUIT CROPS DESPITE FROST DAMAGE Abundance in Several Places. Department Fears No Gen- eral Shortage. the California cherries in several places. A good crop of apples and expected in Colorado and lz‘:cv:el: age yield in New England and New ork. A fair yield of late apples promised in New Jersey and Penn- ylvania. Tennessee is looking for- ward to the largest blackberry crop on record, although expecting a short apple and peach crop. Utah wjll prob- ably have only @ 50 per cent peach crop. Fair crops of blackberries and raspberries are looked for in Mis- sourl. The apple crop outlook In To improving, the department nnou'n:e‘a., but in Michigan only-Z ilght yield, except of winter apples and pears, is expected. In Arizona the peach crop is almost a total failure, and in Dela- ware peaches, pears, plums and cher- ries have been practically killed by frosts. Virginia was eaid to have very poor prospects in fruit this year. 25 Bl 33 En 52 as § g H ° 3 5 H o 3 e g D. C, MAY 22 1921—PART 2 REPUBLICS TO SOUTH - THE STORY THE WEEK HAS TOLD BY HENRY W. BUNN. (Copyright, 1921, by The Washington Stan) HE following is a brief summary of the news of the world for the seven days ended May 21: JPPER SILESIA AND THE EN- TENTE CRISIS—Certain people have tried to explain away the “pungent passionings” (to borrow an expression from Mrs. Browning) of Mr. Lloyd George's speech of Friday week as crimson flowers of the forum, beautiful but false, born of the flame af passion, ephemeral, bound to wilt in the cool atmosphere of reason. But Mr. George will not have it 80, it seems that he meant precisely what he said. That speech, though France was not mentioned, was, the readers will remember, a violent attack on French policy. It aroused the flercest resent- ment in France. The French press fairly sizzled with wrath, and its language was mnot the language of compliment to Lloyd George. Whereupon Mr. Lloyd George rebukes the French press; asserting, moveover, that he spoke advisedly in that extraordinary speech to the commons concerning Upper Silesia. “England will do her duty!” shouts Mr. Lloyd George. “Delighted to hear it,” respond the French papers. “England, we presume, will send troops to Upper Silesia, which is what we have been asking all along.” Just after Mr. Lloyd George's speech M. Briand summoned the newspaper men and gave them a little talk. He said, in substance, that the entrance of Ger- man troops, reichswehr or volunteer formations, into Upper Silesia would have as effect promptest military action by the French. More- over, France was not to be bossed by anybody (meaning Lloyd George,. of couyrse). He \hastened to add, humorously: “Of course, no- body is trying to boss us.” * %k Xk X ‘Well, it seems that everybody was het up and needed to blow off. It seems that all have done so and are mow fairly cool; that another crisis in the relations of France and Britain is by way of passing. The situation is still extremely kittle, as the Scotch say; but I am encouraged by the fact that the bulletins con- cerning the condition of the patient (the en- tente) are becoming rare. The French chamber met on Thursday. After M. Briand's critics, who are many, have had their say, M. Briand will ask for a Vote of confidence. If he gets it, there will probably be another session of the supreme council, which will, perhaps, finally settle the Upper Silesian boundary; unless 'meantime some un- suspected store of high explosive should deto- nate and blow all into kingdom come. * ¥ %k X According to the latest report (via London) Korfanty has thrown up his enterprise and has by proclamation ordered his followers to, give up their arms (presumably to the inter- allied commission’s representatives), to go back to work, and to avoid “mixing it” with the Ger- mans. Other reports tell of disaffection among the insurgents, of desertion, of the draggletailed champions of self-determination turning bandits. Jt is not surprising if Korfanty has lost con- ‘trol, for, if dispatches are to be believed, he is himself the very picture of despair and ir- resolution. And good cause he has for despair. The Polish government, though sympathetic, has acted correctly; the Polish frontier is closed; no help thence. The French govern- ment, though sympathetic to Polish Upper Silesian claims, is hostile to the idea of a fait accompili. Germany maintains a food blockade, and the food supply is running dangerously low. ‘The German Reichsbank (for the paymasters of Upper Silesia are mostly Germans) refuse to send money to pay the large arrears due the ‘workmen. It is to be hoped that Korfanty re- tains enough influence to make his proclamation effective. Suppose he does not. Hideous things ara possible of 60,000 armed men entirely out of control, boiling with a sense of grievances, real or imagined, and with enemy persons and property at hand to wreak their will upon. Presumably i3 such a posture of affairs Gen. Lerond would act sternly, would no longer for- bear toward these misguided people. * % X % ‘The most awful possibility is that the threat, heard more than once, of blowing up mines and factories, might be executed. We shoul@ con- sider the direst possibilities, but I think that recent reports justify hopeful expectations. It may even be true, as M. Witos told the Polish diet on the 19th, that the efforts of the Polish government to calm Upper Silesla “have met with success.” The general strike ended. The workmen have resumed work and in some dis- tricts complete pacification has been effected. Pacification would be complete if the insur- rectionists did not fear an attack by Germans assembling on the Oder. As to these Germans, fiying rumor and panic fear may have exager. ated their numbers and intentlons. events, to qutward show the German govern- ment is acting with great restraint and common nse. I amuse myself with the idea that in the sequel it may be acknowledged even by the British that Gen. Lerond has handled the Kor- fanty business with a sort of humorous wisdom. He predicted, when the trouble stagted, that it would peter out if dealt with patiently and tact- fully. It seems to have petered out, with less destruction of life and property than could have been expected under any other method of handling. I can’t help wishing, however, that England, would t'do her duty,” and send some troops. So I end this discussian of a difficult matter on a note of optimism. I should warn the reader, however, that my-interpretation of the cloudy dispatches may be wrong. * X Xk X GERMANY—The German government has asked that the penalties put in operation in March (occupation of Dusseldorf, Duisburg and Ruhrort the Rhine customs barrier) be lifted. The British government is agreeable; the French would await a substantial earnest of fulfillment of the London program. If reports are to believed, Dr. Wirth, the German chancellor, is setting about the first necessary measures towards fulfillment of the London program with extraordinary energy, good will and sagacity. The most serious prob- lem is disarmament of Bavaria. Herr Breit- scheid, the independent socialist (who, by the ‘way, looks like a coming man), can think of only ome way to procure disarmament of Bavaria, which is for the socialist workmen of the Ruhr basin to refuse coal to Bavaria ex- cept on condition of disarmament. In such an attitude they would be supported by the in- dustrial workmen of Bavaria. " Ruhr coal fis absolutely essential to the industrial life of Bavaria. (A report just arrived from Berlin states that the Bavarian government has decided to disarm. The report requires a deal of con- firmation.) * % *x X GREAT BRITAIN—Dispatches predict end- ing of the miners’ strike in the near future. ‘There have been sundry informal convérsations between miners’ leaders, mine owners and rep- resentatives of government. Lloyd George is awaiting a suitable moment to suggest a formal negotiation. It is said that Frank Hodges, the miners’ secretary, now favors a settlement based on wage schedules alone, leav- ing the grand issues of a national pool of profits, etc., to the future. Such a settlement could only be temporary; which fact finds recognition in the proposal of a great coal trust to amalga- mate the 1,400 companies now operating 3,000 mines. The objections to so great a monoply are obvious and lethal; but the line of thought is cosrect. Amalgamation by areas is the compromise solution which, I think, may be expected. The meeting of the executive committees of the rallwaymen and transport workers, from which declaration of a sympathetic strike was feared, resulted in nothing more dreadful than issuance of new and sterner orders not to handle imported or “black-leg” coal. These orders are being only very partially obeyed. Mr. Lloyd George is having little difficulty about supply- ing the coal required for public utilities. Vanity . is indeed man's ruling passion. It appears that if the miners should receive a proposal couched in such terms as to “save their face,” they would probably grab at it. The federation is nearly bankrupt; hope of a sympathetic strike by their brethren of the triple alliance has vanished; a temporary settlement is “indicated.” Lord Justice Banks rendered an extremely important decision in the court of appeals on May 13, ruling that the soviet government has been recognised by the British governmeut as the de facto government ‘of Russia (through the trade agreement) and that “it s not within the jurisdiction of the British courts to con- sider the justice or morality of the confisca- tory decree® (of the Russian Soviet government, 1o 1918), “though such principles are repudiated by the vast majority of citizens of Great Britain and not recognized by its laws.” The Justice was doubtl correct. Property, the title to which rests on the confiscatory decree, cannot be validly attached in Britain. The angels weep, some say; others will have it that they rejoice. * X X X SPAIN—Dispatches from Barcelona read like details of fantastic novels. A double terror reigns in Barcelona—red and white. You are an employer. One day you get a missive telling you that you are condemned to death, but, if you will quit town within a certain number of days, your life will be spared. You stay, and almost certainly you are murdered, and almost as certainly the assassin is not caught. Then your friends hire bravos who kill one or maybe two syndicalists. Perhaps you are only danger- ously wounded, You get no surgical attendance, for any doctor who should attend you would be murdered. Suppose a syndicalist is charged with being your murderer. He is in a bad way. No lawyer will defend him, for he knows your friends will have him skewered if he does so. That's the way life is in Barcelona, and has been this long time. The syndicalists started the littlq game, but the employers are giving ‘em tit for tat, and a little more. But the fun doesn’t stop there. The syndi- calists, being fleshed, must have more and still more victims, and murder each other in fac- tional fight. * % % % UNITED STATES OF AMERICA—The im- migration bill has been signed by the President. The Senate military affairs committee will report the Army approptiation bill amended to provide an Army of 170,000 instead of 150,000 voted by the House. The important Kellogg cable bill, which gives the President authority over landing of cables in the United States, has gone to con- ference. The European situations engross my space, 50 that I may merely note or defer to later dis- cussion many important. things, such as the naval appropriation bill, discussion of which involves the grand issues of armament reduction and retrenchment of ‘expense; the revival of hostilities among the miners on the West Virginia-Kentucky border; the development of the administration’s petroleum policy, with spe- cial reference to curious Djambi oil affairs; the development of the administration’s European policy, beautifully fllustrated by its refusal to intervene in the Upper Silesian business; the recent decision of the Railroad Labor Board; the prospects of the Knox peace resolution in the House; the marine strike, etc., etc. I ndte the death of two great men—Chief Justice White and former Secretary Lane. * k x X MISCELLANEOUS—Less and less news comes to us from Russia. A recent report through Copenhagen states that the anti-red revolt in western Siberia continues to’ gather head. General elections were held in Italy last Sunday; Glolitti is now safely intrenched in power. His constitutional bloc won 221 out of the 535 seats in the camera. The socialist won 125; the communists 15. The government should be able to command enough votes of other parties than its own to proceed boldly with a constructive program. Importarit situations in Australia, in Ireland, in China and in Mexico demand consideration. Obregon’s regime is wobbling a little, Interesting things must be happening in Africa, in Anatolia, in South America, in Aus- tralia, in India, in Turkestan, in whatever spot is graced or infested by man; but concerning these the cables are almost wholly silent. “ARMY AND NAVY NEWS and departments. an, intensive course of instruction.is At these schools Maryland Man Is Selected tours of four years will expire. -~ g9~ ON WAY TO NORMAL Generally Recovering Frém Business: Depression Which of Armistice. Followed Signing BY BEN McKELWAY. ATIN America has passed through the worst stage of the economic disruption felt in nearly every one of the repub- lics of the south, and from now on there is going to be a gradual im- provement, according to Dr. Manoel Oliveira Lima of Brazil, who is in Washington in connection with the installation at Catholic University of the library he has donated to that in- stitution. An increase in exports, a gradual improvement in the exchange situation, aided by loans, and the set- tlement of the reparation question and Germany's re-entrance into the South American trade fleld are con- tributing factors which will hasten Latin America’s return to a normal state of affairs, Dr. Lima believes. Large exports and_comparatively little importation by Latin American countries during the war, and the sudden reversal of this order with its accompanying fluctuation in ex- change after the armistice, were causes for the existing situation in the majority of South American coun- tries today, Dr. Lima explains His forecast for improvement is based on several facts. South American products are again coming into demand abroad. Now that the period of readjustment in Europe is progressing satisfactorily, the market there for Latin American goods is developing in proportion. South American steamers are Erow- ing in number, enabling the South American merchants to send their products where they are most needed; to Germany, for instance, where there is said to be a rapidly growing de- mand. During the war, with imports prac- tically cut off, Latin American coun- tries were put on their own resources and manufactories and new industries were created of necessity. This is enabling the republics to depend more on themselves and less on foreign markets, and will aid in tiding them over their readjustment. A number of loans advanced re- cently by American and European banks are having their good effect, Dr. Lima states, and will contribute toward improvement in the financial situation in the countries concerned. Dr. Lima is known here and abroad as an expert on international law and has gained a wide reputation as an author and lecturer on South American affairs. He spent most of his life in the diplomatic service, and at times was stationed in Spain, Ger- many, London, Japan, Sweden, Peru and the United States. He took a prominent part in the settlement of the Venezuelan boundary dispute. He has given his library, which is con- sidered one of the most complete, of its sort in the world, to the Catholic University. The installation began in March, but will require some time to complete. Dr Lima is personally supervising the work. Dr. Lima is an advocate of the federation of Central America, and he believes the union is one of the things that must come eventually in Central America’s progress. although there are many obstacles which block the path to success. Should Mexico's attitude toward the republics of Cen- tral America ever change to one which threatens the existence of any of the individual states, the union would come into existence almost au- tomatically. Tt. Lima’s travels have never taken him into Mexico and he intends to leave for that country next Novem- ber. An interest in the real situation :lin Mexico, inspired by so many con- .{flicting statements, has prompted Dr. of efficers now serving therein whose It will be necesary to graduate the L ———— Y | THE ARMY | — In a recent statement issued by the War Department the claim was made that from the large number of names appearing on the published lists of ‘men charged with-desertion from the draft “it has_so far developed that those lists contain the names of only four men not rightfully appearing thereon.” Of the four, the report stated, only one name was published through clerical error, the others being listed by reason of contradictory address. failure to notify local draft board that the registrant had enmtered the service of an allied army, or neglect to respond to communications sent the registrant by his local draft board. It is belleved by the War Depart- ment that the resultant effect of the publication at this time of the lists of names of men charged with desertion from the draft will enable a regis- trant who failed to comply with the law to communicate with the depart- ment, in order that, should an error be shown, his record may be cleared before it is too late. The department, it is said, receives numerous requests from descendants of men whose rec show service in the revolutiona: ; and simi- larly, the descendants of men who served in the world war will be re- questing statements of their. service during the coming years, elither to gain the benefits provided by legisla- tion, to establish their eligibility to membership in patriotic organiza- tions, or for other purposes. Natur- ally, unless the draft records are cor- rected now, while the men are still living and in a position to furnish satisfactory proof of honorable serv- ice, their descendants will be deprived of i and privileges to which they may be justly entitled. Notwithstanding all effort expended by, the War Department in checking the lists of alleged draft deserters, it was impossible, officials say, to deter- mine in every case from the records alone whether or not any individual named therein actually performed military service, because of mis- spelled names and change in home address. Publication of the lists is in response, they say, to:a widespread demand from patrigtic societies, from the relatives of men who did their full duty by sacrificing their lives in the service and from the general pub- lic. Now that the lists are actually be- [D 3 to | ing published, the War Department, officials say, is being subjected to unjust criticism for having adopted this means of bringing to trial the men who succeeded in evading duty to their country in its hour of peril. Many Vaeancies at West Poimt As a result of the March examina- tion of candldates for appointment to the West Point Military Academy, 273 young men are entitled to admis- sion. Of these, ninety-eight are from the Regular Army and National Guard—the largest number ever ad- mitted from these two sources in any one year. These men won their ap- pointments in a nation-wide compe- tition restricted to enmlisted men of the two services. ‘This increase, the War Department avers, is due in large measure to the West Point preparatory schools es- tablished in the various corps areas given enlisted candidates between the ages of nineteen and twenty-two years, with the result that at some of the schools more than half of the men passed the mental entrance ex- amination. This number, it is said, is notable in view of the fact that on the average only one-third of the can- didates designated from all sources to take the West Point examination are able to meet the gducational test. In addition to thé 273 successful candidates, there are forty-five alter- nates who also qualified, but for whom no vacancies exist. A bill re- cently introduced by Senator Wads- worth, originally designed to permit the admission of all qualified alter- nates until such time as the corps of ca reaches its maximum strength, passed the Senate on May 16, after having been amended by striking out the words, “If such admissions do not bring the corps of cadets to its maxi- mum authorized strength, a sufficient number of the remaniing qualified alternates, not otherwise authorized to report for admission as such, se- leceted from the whole list in their order of merit established at such exam! n, sufMcient to bring said corps to its maximum authorized strength, shall be admitted and charged to the United States at large as additional cadets.” The only immediate result of this amendment, if the legislation be en- acted in its present form, will be to deprive fourteen qualified alternates of the privilege ‘of entering West Point next July, as informajon ob- tained from the War Deparflent is to the effect that but thirty-one of the forty-five who qualified can be admitted under t! bill as amended. The reason fof utting out four- teen of these young men is not l?- parent, because they were originally recommended by their respective members of Congress for appointment to the Military Academy. It is hoped that when the bill, which is a short one, reaches the House, it will be so restored as to carry out the original intent, the purpose of which is to fill the academy by the admission of worthy young men desirous of a military career and who may be ree- ommended by members of. Congress. It has been pointed out by advocates of the bill that the government cost per cadet when the academy is filled to capacity is less than when the classes are small in number. There were some 121 vacancles at the academy for which no candidates qualified last March, and, it being considered too late to hold another entrance examination this year, can- didates who can quality mentaily by (high school or college certificate are being appointed to enter with the class to be admitted next July. Al- though every effort is being made to fill the academy, it seems that there are some members of Congress who have no applicants, judging from the large number of vacancies still remaining for which no candi- dates have been recommended. Repair Shops for Corps Areas. Following the policy of rigid econ- omy, the Quartermaster Corps has just established at Camp Jackson, 8. C., a achool for training personnel in the repair of clothing and shoes. Another school for the repair of type- writers been established at Fort McPherson, Ge. This training of the necessary pumber of enlisted men will be part of the routine work of the salvage shops. It is the in- tention to install more schools at . | 73 naught Ba; To Command the Maryland CAPT. CHARLES F. PRESTON, U.S.N,, ‘Who will command the superdread- M ‘when commissioned mext month. Capt. Presten is a native of_Baltimore. aonvenient points in ofher corps areas. It has been demonstrated that much w~allable material pur- chased during the war can be re- paired and utilised for the peace-time needs of sponding thousands of dollars. More Hospitals for Disabled Vets. In line with the policy of the War Department to do everything possi- ble for disabled soldiers, announce- ment was made last week by the quartermaster general that the trans- fer of the following hospitals, to- gether With their land and improve- ments, has been made to the public health service, together with quar- termaster supplies amounting to $1.- 192,336: Fort McHenry, Md.; Fort yard, N. M.; Whipple barracks, Arix.; Fox Hilis, N. Y.; Oteen, N. C., and Camp Kearney, In addition, three Army posts are now available for the use of the public health serv- ice, namely, Fort MacKenzie, Wyo.; Fort Walla’ Walla, Wash., and Fort Logar H. Roots, Ark. These posts will be capable of providing hospital facilities for patients of the bureau of war risk insurance. or the Federal Board for Vocational Training. General Staft College Graduation. In the announcement last week that June 1 is the date set for the grad- uation of the present class at the General Staff College it is explained that this date for graduation was set in accordance with direct instruc- tions on the subject from the chief of staff. 6 reason ing necessary an early cloi of the school .was especially the 6 which will soon occur in the War Department class_so that officers therefrom se- lected for duty on the War Depart- ment general staff might take up their duties shortly after the 1st of June, thus refilling vacancies caused by departing members. In additien, a number of the graduates of, this year's class will be ordered to ‘duty as general staff officers with troops. Some of the officers now serving in this capacity have recently been de- tailed to the War Department general staff and it is necessary to replace them. Other graduates will be as- signed, it is asumed, to various corps areas for duty in connection with the organization of the organized reserve in each corps area. Discard Enlistment Bonus. The Army appropriation bill as it re- cently passed the House provided that “no portion of the appropriation con- tained in this act shall be used to pay, in accordance with the provisions of sec- tion 27 of the Army reorganization act, approved June 4, 1920, an enlistment alowance to any soldier who enlists or re-enlists after the approval of this act.” It is roughly estimated that this .may result ultimately in a saving of about $2,000,000 a year, although the pro- vision would become effective at once in the case of the one-vear men Who re- enlist after the approval of the act. It is considered, however, that the clause does not repeal the provision contained in the act of June 4 it merely prohibits the payment of the allowance during the period covered by the appropriations in the pending bill. It is considered that the clause would have been more directly effective if it had applied to men who “hereafter” enlist or re-cnlist. Former Officers Seek Appointments. Former Regular Army officers who served in the world war were authorized to apply for appointment in the Regular Army under the same conditions as ap- plied to emergency officers, as provided in the act of June 4, 1920. There were 174 former officers who filed applications for appointment and seventy-four quali- fied and accepted appointments. Eight declined appointment, sixty-eight were disqualified, fourteen failed to report for examination and ten withdrew their ap- plications. T THE NAWY ] Announcement was made last week that the closing date for the receipt of applications for the examination for appointment to the Corps of Civil Engineers, with rank of lieutenant, junior grade, has been postponed from May 16, 1921, to June 11, 1921. Candi- dates must be between the ages of twenty-two and thirty years on A gust 1, 1921; must have received a degree in engineering from a college or university of recognized standing; must_have had not less than twenty months’ practical, professional ex- perience since graduation, and must be of good moral character and re- ute. Pirhe pay and allowances at entrance are approximately $3,200 per annum, with increases in e and pay de- pending upon promotions and length of service. Candidates are not assem- bled for the preliminary examina- tion, but are marked directly upon general staff due to the large number . their application papers. The physical Lima’s desire to study the questions there at first hand and he will spend some time making his investigations. * % * Richard P. Momsen, a George Wash- ington University graduate of the class of 1912, members United States in connection with campeign by Americans in Brazil to seek funds here for a monument accompanied by two| tered of the American Chamber of | towns of Paraguay, 95 per cent are; Commerce of Rio de Janeiro, is in t.h: of American manufacture. = ord n American in South America. While in the diplomatic service he applied himself to learning Brasilian customs and the language, with the. result that he studied law and passed~ t ilian bar examination, -thus ing_the record of being the only Anglo-Saxon who has ever passed the examination for admittance to the Brazilian bar. After leaving the diplo- matic service he began the practice. of law in Rio de Janeiro and has been very successful. He is the present di-:* rector of the American chamber of commerce in Brazil. He is accompanied here on his present mission by two other Amer- jcans. R. H. Haney and Frank Garcia. Mr. Momasen states that prac- tically every other country of im- portance has arranged to present to Brazil some memorial during its cen- tenary celebration, which is to be marked by an exposition. It is his ‘hope to obtain funds for the Ameri-" can gift business men in thei. nited States and trade organizations. oing business in Brazil. < The design for the monument has” already been completed. Roughly de-» scribed, it will represent the fizure of a woman, in bronze. bearing the nags’ of the United States and Brazil. At they base of the statue the figures of. George Washington and_ Abraham™ Lincoln, for the United States, andx Bonaficio and Rio Branco, for Brazil,. will represent freedom and emancipa- tion in both countries. * A large hill in the center of Rio de, Janeiro is being leveled to provide a site for the exposition. and the earth’’ from the excavations used to build an» artificial point of land which will ex- tend into the harbor. It is planned to place the American statue on this point, where it will be the first object~ seen by ships entering the harbor. * k%% Dr. Carlos Chagas, head of the O waldo Cruz Institute of Brazil, is onu his way to the United States to lec-’ ture and to receive a number of hon- ors to be conferred on him by medical organizations of this country. He will~ visit Washington during his trip to this, country. Dr. Chagas is internationally known as = physician and medical scientist., One of his most noted achievements. was the, discovery of the diseass™ named for him. the Chagas disease, and his subsequent discovery of its.. cure. He also has been active in his co-operation with the Rockefeller Foundation in its fight against the. hookworm disease. ** % % Sebastiao Sampaio, Brasilian com- . mercial attache to the United States.” who accompanied former of= State Colby on his trip to South Amer-.. ica last December, is expected to re- turn to Washington the latter part of” this month. He has been detained in South America by illness, although much of his time was spent in ad-" nees men in South Amer- in the United™ * % s During the temporary absence of " Di. Manuel de Cespedes, Cuban min-x ister to the United States, the lega- tion will be in charge of Dr. Padro"” y Almeida, first secretary, who willi act as charge d'affaires ad interim. % % Dr. Venancio Montalvan, Nicara- guan minister of finance, lomatic representatives of Germany and Ecuador, h a view to re- establishing diplomatic relations be- ., tween the two countries. The proto- col authorities both countries to ap- point diplomatic representatives with a semi-official racter, as well as consular officers. Relations between™ Germany and Ecuador were broken off in December, 1917. ** % % Of the 440 automobiles now regh in the five most important A sugar mill of the Sula Sugar' which it is planned to present to|Company, at La Lima, Hondauras, is™ Brazil on the occasion of the celebration of her first centenary of independence this summer. Mr. Momsen paid a hurried visit to Washington last week, and will re- turn here from New York for a more extended stay soon. Stationed in Rio de Janeiro from 1913 to 1919 as consul and part of the time as acting consul general, Mr. Momsen has achieved an enviable rec- ml written examinations will prob- y be conducted at New York, Chi- cago and San Francisco, depending upon the number of applications from each section of the country. Britain’s View of Bomb Tests. Notwithstanding the fact that much publicity has been given in this coun- try concerning the alleged remark- able success of the British air serv- ice in bombing ships during tests and target practices, it appears from an editorial in the Aeroplane, a prominent Eritish aeronautical magaszine, in a recent issue, that the British have not kad the success with which they are oredited, and they are also much concerned over certain statements made with relation to the bombing of the old battleship Indiana. The editorial states: “Many exaggerated statements have appcared in various organs relating to experiments recently carried out to determine the effect of aerial bombs and torpedoes on armored ships of war. “It has for instance been asserted that the American air service dropped to be electrified, and. when compliet-,,. ed will be-the largest electrically run sugar mill in Central America™ The equipment used is American and: { the construction and installation_ work will be done by American en- gineers. The fuel to be used for™ running the mill will consist only of .« cane fodder and scraps. of which will be sufficient and prac- tically inexhaustible. . . the supply be ready for commissioning not later than September. er crew will be as- sembled some time in July, so that by the time the big vessel is ready to re- ceive personnel, the officers men will have become well Capt. Henry J. Ziemeier, who will be, her first commanding officer, expects to leave his duties at the Navy De-* partment some time in June and join,. the complement already assem! at Mare Island. Supply Coumefl. Paymagter General Potter has insti-: tuted a council comprising the heads of the various divisions of his bureau,™ which council meets every Wednesday1s morning. As soon as reports are re-, ceived pursuant to the requests issued by Rear Admiral Potter calling for:- suggestions from supply, accounting*~ and disbursing officers of the different .. yards, conferences of each group of officers will be called, to be held prob-= ably at the navy yard, New York, with ., a view to a discussion of the various,. problems involved. The paymaster general with other officers of the bu-'+ resu will attend these conferences. As.. soon possible, Admiral Potter plans bombs upon the ancient battleship Indiana and that in such dropping 41 per cont of hits were scored fro 6,000 feet, and that the ship w: sunk by this attack. The facts are quite otherwise. “A target representing a battle- ship was laid out on earth, and dummy bombs to the number of over 100 were dropped from 6,000 feet, 19 per cent of actual hits were regis- tered. and 41 per cent were registered within what was considered a dan- gerous proximity to. the target. “The tests on the Indiana were made by electrically exploding bombs placed in position” relatively to the ship. One of was of 18 pounds, and was exploded on deck and did an enormous amount of dam- age to gun turrets and the like. The second, of 880 pounds, was exploded in the water, about 40 feet from the stern, at a depth of about 50 feet. The expiosion of this bomb caused much damage to the rudder and to the stern framing and cause leaks which resulted in the ship's settling on the mud. No live bombs were dropped from aeropianes upon this ship. “A statement appears in one French journdl that the ex-German dread- naught Baden sank after a “little discussion” with certain British air- craft. As a matter of fact, the Baden was sunk by gunfire from a British monitor specially equipped with a turret mounting three guns of not less than 13.5 caliber, in the course of tests of the mew armor-piercing projectiles used by the British navy. After having been so sunk, and while she was lying on the mud with a heavy list, the Baden was torpedoed by a British aeroplane. No informa- tion whatever as to damage caused by this has been pub- lished by the admiralty, but she oer- tainly did not sink as the result of | any aerial attaok.” | Another Ship Near Completion. The new dreadnaught California will be ready by August 15, and she will pobably leave the navy yard at that time for Sam Francisco to receive her propellers. It is expected that she will v to make substantial improvements in™ the commissary stores at the - tive navy yards and stations. These,. improvements will be in.the direction of rendering more frequent a- of carrying a wider range o.t':"“mxn “ s — & Adhering to its policy of rewarding meritprious members of its enlisted” personnel with commissions, the™” United States Marine Corps will open™ an officers’ training school in or near’c Washington this summer, in order to™ fill more than a hundred vacancies in™ the commissioned personnel. Duringe: the war approximately 300 enlisted men were commissioned in this coun- try and France. The higheat rank so far attained by an enlisted man who " received his commission as a reward" for meritorious service is that of a ~ senior colonel. The order recently is-~ sued by the major general com- mandant specifies that 5o nonm-com- missioned officer will be considered. for such advancement who shall have,. h than one year's service in the Army, Navy or Marine Corps, of which not less than six months shall have been in the Marine Corps. Only men between the ages of twenty-one and' twenty-seven years will be considered. i Youngsters between the ages of eighteen and nineteen years, with am- bitions to become midshipmen ia the United States Naval Academy, will now be accepted for enlistment at all Marine Corps recruiting stations. One'™ hundred enlisted men are appointed tog: the Naval Academy each year, afte competitit examination given en-* listed men of the Na and Marine .. Corps. They must not more than twenty years of age on April 1 of the year it is desired to enter, and must”’ have been i the service at least ome., year by August 15 of that yesr. ° w ¥ e