Evening Star Newspaper, April 10, 1921, Page 41

BRITISH PERIL LIES IN A LONG STRIKE ARer Almost Certain to Grow in Power as Industrial and Commercial Life Grows Chaotic. r BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. {spirators against civilization—Lenin OMMERCE and industry com-!and Trotsky. pose England's very life. shica Source of Troubl = ars riefly put, the whole British labor | Paralyze both and Enslan trouble lies in the government's re- doom as a world power is ifusal to continue control of the sealed. This explains the tremendous | Mines, thereby guaranteeing certa gravity of the situation prevailing in fixed wages and profits to the indus- try, wages which, by the way, are the British Isles during the past week, 1 (‘1{ the war-time variety. This sys- i 1 strike. | t¢em cost the British government * occasioned by the British coal | fully $50,000,000 monthly, and. in A strike of miners, in itself, is a SeTi- | view of the critical cond State exchequer. the government! deemed it wise to dispense with this extra drain, particularly in view of | the fact that the soundest principles of economics are against any = tem which burdens the taxpayers of the nation, particularly when those taxpayers already are bending under ous busines for any pation at any time, and particularly England, but| ‘when this strike is backed by trans- port workers and railway men who have it within their power to paralyze completely the daily life of the na-j fon of the | i § + the weight of onerous burdens Hon, the situation really is ominous. iy yct ypon them through the long As this is written the government.|clash with the central powers. i ead ‘d G . and the va-| The whole labor situation in Eng- aheaded Gy Eloyd Georgs, oo land has been ‘orking to the end rious labor leaders of England. is dis-{ jyreaten.d at the moment. The war | cussing compromise which will bring ialone halted a sharp clash between to an end the actual walkout of Brit- | the triple alliance, erplovers and the ish miners and frustrate plans of the ' government. Immediately hostili- | transport workers and railway men. Ues ceased and the minds of the peo- | but there are grave doubts of the!Die once more centerrd upon eco- success of efforts because of (h.\.‘nlnml‘c z:rll mdt“" 1 reconstruction, p hav | the troubles of pr ¥ sbadulbiadd > 2'%1of England set in motion nationali-| being whetted by missuided Pa=%i-|zation schemes which would saddle ' pants in official paricy [losscs in various pational industries Situation Is Grave. upon the government. but giving the oo Las be of tre- | Profits to labor alone. This na-: rv"‘-'::o?x:!:n:;;nlrl:( hv':\)lhnf: zfl»l;n»;x‘aryli“""*" ion scheme, it is asserted Eeidls Wil pass intodimsignlicancerig) DY (Lhe Eovernment. wouldi ok the | i ance ac N cains to | Erossest injustice to millions of peo- the triple alliance actually beg ple within the British Isles not di-| ¢ Lring concerted pressure againstirectly interested in subsidized in- British industrial life and the govern- | dustries. ment in the hope of perpetuating de Wan{ a Showdown. sired ends. The situation is one o Feeling has been growing to a the gravest in the history of England. not point where it is beived that a major portion of the people of the nation | are ready for a showdown fight with | the labor party in determining wheth- {er the laborites shall dictate gov- ernmental policies or whether they! shall be amenabl: to the general: +laws of economics and industrial iife ! which have fundamental sourc: excepting the recemt war, for land's enemies then were without e people at home were united in a given purposc. Today there are at least » dozen conflicting currents thougl.t. labor circles all striving maste oy and all working toward civil strif= if this need be. Sngland i asainet herself,| Lloyd George on several occasions "‘!‘I“E.r;:r.év'Ia:‘(al:!zrpl-;-;:;:‘mn':i.rnm in recent months has thrown down | e A A ihman< ‘ready | the gauntlet to the laboring elements AN amtation and recovery.| Who have sought to dictate to the Tt w A N the stronger al- | government and it is believed that I iutes. inaracter manifest by the | now that spring has arrived he in- ! tends to have a finish fight. Cooler st centuries *» rectify the | i heads have counseled moderation and ¥ tion in j nged indus evils resulting from pre trial and commercial a‘rife at thejcompromise on both sides, but these ‘ present time. have been shunted into the back- England's neril from -adicalism is|ground by the more determined ele- | ments. Whether or not they even- | tually will win at this juncture re- | mains to be seen, but even in the | most conservative walks in England it is believed that if there is not a! fight to the finish at the present mo- | ment. the whole labor situation will be kept in an uproar through con- stant laborite agitation. In the interests of labor itself, in | the interests of the government, in the interest of general reconstruc- tion processes in England, which are so vital to the world at large and | particularly Europe. the opinion is expressed that some solution should ! be geached and that it be definite and | clear cut. If Lloyd George be not sincere and merely be jockeving to Kill the labor party's influence in order to perpetuate his coalition regime then this_should be known once for all If the government is not represent- ing the whole of the people and the present labor upheaval is founded upon real injustice this undoubtedly will be proven and steps toward the attainment of just ends and the recti- fication of old wrongs taken. But if it is in reality a real test of strength between organized government and the bolshevist influencese aided and abetted in Moscow, there is but one viewpoint among American observ- ers and that is the fight should go ! to a showdown. with the government exerting every influence to wipe out troublesome influences even though it temporarily causes the eclipse of the labor party as a whole. Even the most fair-minded realize that if the labor party of England could purge itself of the influence of radical ele ments labor as a whole would profit, for the era of suspicion and doubt manifest by both the industrialists and government would pass and a new economic scheme of things set in motion. Bloody Struggle Posaible. Should it eventuate that prolonged, bitter industrial strife be ushered in it is difficult to see the end until it is established that the red acute, notwithstanding “he excellent vork of James H. Thsmas. John R Ciines and others. all tnding toward dermining of bolshevist influences n the counsels of labor. But the, cunger lies not in the moment. The £rave hour will come if prolonged lirike of the triple aliance. is ushered | in, and when, through depleted condi- | tion of British labor's treasuries, gaunt hunger and privation will be felt in millions of homes throughout the country. It will come when through the processes of industrial| and commercial demoralization labor in other branches of ‘ndustry will strive to seize advantag» of the gen- eral chaos and press lome desired ends. Not an industry er business in England will be immuvne from the evil effects of paralvzation of the mining and transport systems., The, whole economic scheme of fhings| would be so upset that there would be grave doubt that evin the sanest of the present great British labor leaders could stem the tides in favor of the seditious gospels. which since the war have been surreptitiously preached and dinned into the ears of the laboring classes. Red Influence Active. The bolshevist influence has been an setive one since Lenin assumed power in_Moscow and set out upon his scheme looking toward the establish- | | ment of a great internationale domi- | | mating the social. political and eco- “} nomic life of the whole of Europe. ! His trade agents have been proselyt- ing British laboring elements. Only | have restrained many | from ushe in prematurely the in- | dustrial cl with the government and industri =, knowing the ever- present danger of red domination, which the wiser minds of the world today are realizing more and more can leave but a skeleton of living in- stitutions. But the reds are a factor to be considered in any contingency and shouid general breakdown of the economic system of England result from the prescnt labor upheaval the consequences are almost certain. sane minds ing THE SUNDAY . STAR, WASHINGTON, by D. C, APRIL 10, L) 1921 —PART THE STORY THE WEEK HAS TOLD BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most im- portant news of the world for the seven days ended April 9: Great Britain—The miners’ strike is still on, and the outlook is more ominous than it was a week ago. The railwaymen and the transport workers (the other groups in the triple alliance) have at last ended the general sus- pense, and have decided to go out next Tuesday midnight unless in the meantime the mine owners shall agree to a conference with the miners' chiefs, under condi- tions dictated by the latter. The action of the miners’ chiefs in or- dering out of the mines the engi- neers and pumpmen, whose func- tion is to safeguard the mines against flooding, has been gener- ly criticised, even by journals very friendly to labor, as a stupen- dous tactical blunder; as having alienated a mreat deal of senti- ment among the general public which was favoratle to the miners, and as certain to prove, in the sequel. very damaging to the political prospects of labor The engineers and pumpmen did not wish to leave their posts; many have remained; others who left in compliance with orders Eave returned. in many cases vol- unteers have substituted. Thus, most. though by no means all, of the mines have so far heen saved from flooding. But the danger that way is increasing: there is more and more intimidation, more and more regulars and volunteers are heing frichtened away from the pumps. Up to the last day or two there was little violence: just a few broken heads in small clashes between miners and police. | Rut _the violence is mrowing: the temper of the strikers is getting uglier. * % % % The sovernment has tried to bring mine owners and miner: chiefs together in conference. But the mine ownere require as a con- dition precedent to negotiation that the order caling out the engineers and pumpmen be re- versed. and the miners’ chiefs say they will not reverse that order unless the owners accept in ad- vance of neotiation the two prinei- ples of a national wage board and a_ national pool. on which prinei- ples the whole controversy may be said to chiefly hang. Further- more. the miners’ chiefs seem to insist that. pending the result of the negotiations, the government shall control the mines and con- tinue the subsidies. Mr. Llovd George has said that the movern- ment will not entertain such an idea. Tt looks like an impasse— all hands resolved not to budge: but all hands. miners. owners, and the premier himself. have on more than one previous occasion dis- covered a certain likeness to the ladv who, “saying she would ne'er consent. consented.” Since the above was written it appears that the conditions in- sted upon by the miners for a conference have been changed in detail. But apparently the essen- tial candition remains the same— namely, that the safety men shall not be ordered back to the mines until a decision has been reached on the miners’ major demands— (I think the more correct mode of statement would be) a decision favorable to the miners has been reached. The miners make no bones of admitting that they re- serve this weapon to enforce their terms. The latest report tells of ex- traordinary military and other measures already on foot. The king has ordered out the re- serves of the army. the navy and the air force. Special constables are to be sworn in to the num- ber of 250,000 In addition, a special force of volunteers, to be called the “defense force. is to be enlisted for ninety days to supplement the police: apparently | to be armed as soldiers and to consist chiefly of former soldiers, Ample protection must be af- forded to the volunteers who are to carry on the essential services Mr. Lloyd George has called the action of the miners revolution. v are not merely striking. would destroy the mines rather than yield one jot in their demand: * ok k% Germany—Germany has at last, through Dr. von Simons, made her long-expected appeal to the United States. Only a paraphrass has been given out by the State Department, but presumably it follows closely the text. It con- tains no admission of German guilt or moral obligation to make reparation, but admits the neces- sity of the latter. “It is entirely clear, not only to the government of Germany, but to the German people also, that Germany must make rparation to the limit of her ability to pa: The suggestion of “an interna- tional loan in favor of which the allied and associated governments would waive their general mort- gage” and “for the safety of which the government of GGermany is prepared to offer the necessary securities.” and the suggestion that Germany “assume the oblig; tion of the interest and the amor- tization of the foreign debts of the allied and associated powers. within the limit of her capacity,” are at least deserving of examirnu- tions. But the most important part of the document = an attack on France, of which I will only say that it out-Chicherins Chicherin. "I didn’t think von Simons had it in him The propesal to make reparation payment partly in German labor has reason in it: long ago ad- vanced, it has been carefully con- sidered by the French government, but hitherto rejected for the ex- cellent reason that the people of the devastated regions seemed un- willing to have German detach- ments (howbeit peaceful) again on their soil. That unwillingness geems now to have passed. and German labor will probably be ac- cepted by way of partial repara- tion payment. The reply of Secretary Hughes to the von Simons note is a perfect model of pithy brevity. It ignores the insinuations against France, probably as beneath notice. The following sentence clears the air nd disabuses the German mind: “This government stands with the | governments of the allies in hold- ing Germany responsible for the war and therefore morally bound to make reparation, so far as may ble” Mr. Hughes hints that a new reparation offer from | Germany is in order, and it is re- | ported that Germany is about to act on the hint. Germany, it seems, reacts handsomely to mas terful treatment. The red riots seem to be over. *x ¥ % % Hungary—Charles, ex-king. ex- emperor, is back in Switzerland. La comedie est finie—a comedy which suggests a female hand; and, indeed, it is plausibly alleged that the Empress Zita, homesick for the vanities and frippery of the court, w the author. Ttaly—A roval decree of April § Ived the cha ral chamber short mber and ordered The sed had but and a half. lution on two grounds. One that it did not | represent the will of the people; the other that it did not give him a comfortable majority. The so lists fear the new eloc- tions, for they have been discredit- ed by recent events. The popular party apprehend considerable losses Only the conservatives are pleased. Poland—According to an ciated Press report. the re ¥ signed Franco-Polish agreement | is muc more intimate and im- portant affair than previous re- ports have shown—does, in fact, obligate either party to assist the jons for May 15. dec just life—a r Giolitti proposed its diss ARMY AND NAVY NEWS | i THE ARMY 7l policy in the national defense act ha even at this early date proven bene- ficial, for with an equal number of sacrificed 80 willingly along the lanes of the air, are the price paid for prog- The airman in his brave care- other in case of unprovoked at- tack upon that other. The na- ture of the assistance is not stat- ed, but presumably it would in- volve dispatch of troops Russia—The news from Russia is very meager. Wrangel has asked the to transport the remain- of his army (35,000 men. now the Island of Lemnos) to - far eastern re- public should certainly be con- sulted first. These men are des- perate and hungry and have de- bad tricks. The Chita government, which has troubles enouzh already. might not want them. France offered to trans- port them to Brazil: they would not hear to that. The French government will not feed them any longer; they must go some- on Vladivostok. where or starve. is that Moscow is nationalization in order may be rehabilitated by Apital. averred suspend to revolts are increasing. 1 been snuffed out; reports differ It is reported that the Stinnes Eroup continues to acquire large concessions in Russia. Turkey—The latest report indi- s are falling on both the and south- ar) fronts. Persian gov- jon of the and_depar- Some of cates that the back un I3 northern (Eskishehr) ern (Afiumdxkarihi Persia—The new ernment favors abrog: Anglo-Persian treaty ture of British troops. Chichern’s fine work? India—A dispatch from Bombay, dated April 2, announces the ar- rival there of Lord Reading, the new viceroy. Lord Reading has bhee: chose to superintend the early workings of the new gov- ernment of India act. which creates a sort of a kind of partial self government for India; defl- nitely an experiment . Panama—Secretary Hughes told Panama she must accept the White award. But Panama says she will not accept the White award. It is certainly embarrass- ing, especially as Panama is get- ting in arms and ammunition and enrolling volunteers. Colombia—It is expected that the Colombia treaty will come up session of early at the special 2 Congress. Some verbal amenities may be expected, as extreme views are held for and against. The United States of America— The most striking event of the week in_America was the arrival of Herr Einstein in New York. and the most amusing the temporary blocking of the proposal to ex- tend him the freedom of New York city, through the opposition of Alderman Falconer. Mr. Falconer thinks small beer of Herr Ein- stein's scientific achievements: but he must have observed how rays of light are deflected as they reach the heads of politicians, and he should respect the man who can explain that singular phenomenon. In spite of Mr. Falconer, Herr Einstein is _one of the supreme luminaries of science. It is almost as though Newton or Archimedes were to visit us. Yet doubtless Hindenburg or D'Annunzio would attract more attention. A great deal of comment is ap- pearing in_the French press on Secretary Hughes' note about Yap. Cannot, ask the French, most de- cisions. allocations, ete., heretofore made by the supreme council or the council of the league be ques- tioned on the hroad grounds stated by Secretary Hughes as support- ing his protest against the Jap- anese mandate for Yap? The extraordinary sessfon of Conzress will be confronted with a vast deal of business among the principal heads of which are: Taxation. tariff (noseiblv). neoce with Germanv (whether by resolu- fion or a distinet treatv or the Versailles treaty amended), immi- eration. the Colombia treatv. naval appropriation. army appro- ation. Some 250 students. represanting twenty-seven educational institu- tions, met at Harvard the othe dav and foundad the Tntercol- Jeafate Liheral Leagne. Dr. Holmes adAreseed to them these nrofound and wise words: “The long vears of evolntion are gone and the marind ~f revolution is here™ (Copyright, 1821, by The Washington Star.) Named by Secretary Denby As Paymaster of the Navy laffects their efforts, and every move| {bY the new Congress regarding emer- | gency or other me close | much to cause real animosity on the {eu reprisal the newspapers and trade! 1 fill th pap d trad jdata on_live stock exporters in the {South American cattle men in Ameri- {ber of steps taken by the Depart- TURNING FROM U. S. TO SELL TO EUROPE Latin Americans Resent Proposed Tariff Legislation That Bar Their By BEN McKELWAY. ATIN American countries studving, through their repre- are| Practically Will Products. |8ible shippers in the Tnited States 1Who have deliberately supplied their South Ameri customers with in ferior stock * % ox s sentatives in Washington, pro- posed tariff legislation as it res designed to the doors products from to jSouth America will be followed with| the closest attention. the Fordney will be quickly passed and made into law have been received with concern by the repub- lics of Latin America. particularly Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and Brazil Their trade with this country will re- ceive a vital blow if, at a time when | business dull generally, they are| practically denied a market in the United States for their products Reports received here continually indicate that nothing has done so Reports that part of South American business me the proposed tariff legislation. Di. ssion of its effect and methods of publications, while real bitterness reflected in speeches delivered recent- ly in the various legislative assem- blies. Boiled down, it means that South America is not ready to buy where she cannot sell her goods, and South American business men are not taking kindly to the proposition. Uruguay’'s reported action in ex- tending credit to Germany and Aus- tria, similar to that made to France and England, is seen here as indicative of the means South American repub- lics plan to take to develop a mar- ket abroad. The object of the loan would be the purchase by Germany of Uruguayan wool and other products which are now Iying in the ware- houses for lack of a market. Recommendations have been made to the Uruguayan minister of foreign affairs, which would have the govern- ment grant a two-year credit of a specified sum to certain European banks, this credit to be used for the purchase of Uruguayan products; re- vise export duties on wool and other products, and organize an export and import company, backed by the gov- ernment, which would promote ex- ports. The Czechoslovak government would organize a syndicate composed of the principal banks and manufacturers of that country, which would act as the correspondent of the proposed Uru- guayvan company. Products, principal- ly wool, would be assigned to Ant- werp, where it would be distributed to Germany, France, Czechslovakia and other European countries, and even Japan. * % x % A moving picture film, illustrating breeds of live stock in the United States and methods of raising cattle, together with a number of colored pictures on glass, showing @ type of every breed of live stock in this counsry, has been prepared by the Department of Agriculture and will be sent to the extension office in Buenos Aires within a short time. The film and pictures will be placed on exhibition not only in Argentina. but throughout South America at the various expositions and conferences of South American live stock men. Accompanying the exhibts will be United States approved by the De- partment of Agricultur This new method o interesting can cattle is supplementary to a num- ment of Agriculture along this line in the last few years. Recently an illustrated _pamphlet showing pic- | tures of prize-winning cattle in the United States was sent to South| America and obtained wide distribu- tion. Many letters have since been received by the department request- A mission of wix the eattle ndustry | Brazii and Uruguay visited try last December on invitat Departs of Agricuiture through ate Depa d by the D |of Agriculture, and exp I borne by American catils success of the visit, hean satisfying. planned for rep South American in it 1 simil * % % x In recognition of the services re dered the Republic of Panama w he directed an economic s: of rvey republic last summer, Dr. ene Owens, director general of the So ern Commercial Congress. was sented with the degree of doctor of laws and political science by 1k faculty of law of the Republic of Panama last eek The exer | were held at the Panama lezat) {Senor Don J. E. Lefevre, <ha faires of the legation. presiding and Ricardo J. Alfaro. minister of the in terior of Panama, making the pr entation. * % x % Fourtean members of tha ¢ | tion of the Chambers of Cor ree Mexico were in V ast wenk to invite officials of the national and local chambers to send delegates 1o the international convention of the chambers of commerce of the world to be held in Mexico City June 20, The commission has been touring the United States for some time, extend ing similar_invitations to the lo.al chambers. The deiegates Jeft the ity yesterday for St. Louis on their refurn trip to Mexien. through Te: or nando Lealnovelo, president the Confederation of Chambers - merce of Mexico, headed tion. as of of the delega * * ¥ % An understanding. said to be satis- faciory to the parties concerned re garding the method pursued in hand ling the difficulties which have pre- sented themselves in the financial and economic condition of Cuba, is report- sion; Edwin P. Shattuck. representing the Cuban-American tobacco interests and R. E. Farnham of the National City Bank of New York. There will be no further conferences here, it is stated. as thos handling the settlement of Cuba's problem are said to be satisfied with this country’s attitude. Any further developments in the situation prob- ably will come from Cuba. * ¥ % * . In the initial issue of the Bulletin, just published by the women's aux- iliary committee of the United States of the second Pan-American Scientific Congress, three articles on the activi- ties of women in Chile, Uruguay and the United States are prominently featured. Informal reports on the child welfare work in some of the American republ national sections of the can Pan-Ameri- international women's commit- tee, are also contained in the Bul- letin. The Bulletin is to show the stantial large amount work, particularly | Pan-American program. * ¥ % % Brazilian coffee interests are show- ing great concern over the relative position now held by PBrazil in th- coffee trade of the United States com- pared with the country’s former po sition in that market. ing further information on the sub- ject, and cattle dealers in this coun- try have received the same response. The department now maintains an | extension office in Buenos Aires, and | a _representative is stationed there whose duty is to look out for the in- | terests of American cattle exporters. | One important phase of this work | lies in making sure that the South| American is dealing with a reputable firm in ordering live stock. Much | trouble, it is stated, has resulted from business transactions with irrespon- und. way to restore Brazil to its for- mer place, which is threatened by the increasing importations of Caribbean coffee into the United States. Senor Sebastiao Sampaio, Brazilian commer- cial attache to the United States, who is now in Brazil, has been urging the importance of the United States as a Brazilian coffee market. In a series of addresses Mr. Sampaio has empha- | sized the need for active co-opera- tion between the organizations both countries interested tion of the coffee trade. in in promo- who are - s, compared by the said not only of sub- along lines of social welfare, being accom- plished by women, but shows how es- sential is the work of women in any ed to have been reached at a con- ° ference here last woe between Un- dersecretary of State Fletchor and R. B. Hawley, pr nt of the Cuban- American Sugar Company, and member of the Cuban sugar commis A campiiga is . The government. fully aware of | definitely Wi e e _of > gL ok the dangers. has disnatched troops to | influence cannot become paramount in | % | regular, National Guard and reserve |lessness is h:niqdz:\y:‘ilklin;nrg:lc:;‘;sirgr - tie more cen‘ral soctions in order |jabor's ranks. Should it win there| What are the Organized Reserves?| officers serving on these execulive lirehe s msking, Bl the e which, as a rule, are unusual products, |quired to report in person for the 1o be ready 1o strike in any direc- |would eventuate one of the bloodiest | This question is frequently asked. Per- | committees, the welfare of the thrée|portance of that future to mhich as a rale ave nusnal products: juited e/reppee. B loor tion at eny moment. It cannpt he]nruzfil"s in the history of warfare on{naps the most simple definition would | COmponent parts of the Army of ',“d‘“”’ no one can doubt For example, last week we opened | Those who qualify in the preli ¢ neelved that Llovd George is %= !the British Isles, for the government | «The principal war component iof, United States is more evenly balanc = bids in Rangoon, Burmah, London and : inary and physical examinations will . inx such preparations merely to o€ ATLE L ting for just such alCe: OUPHIREP. ¢ SO tea |84 eauitably adjusted. Rush Reserve Comminsions. Washington for two million feet of take the final oral and written ex- St n an eleuent in Eng-| 30 O A0 any months, with the | the Army of the United States, limited e Former service men scattered teak wood to be used as decking in amination, which will proba . e e e ads 1n its favor. ) lm strength only to the manpower of the Plan Anti-Afrerafe Units. throughout 1he country who served the construction of ships. Our pur- held in New York. Chicago and S Tact oot the “George | But unless the: a clear-cut, well { nation.” Following completion of plans for |during the war and are applicants for chases are made fi'n”xhre-ll;‘,n.x.s of com- fi{al;tlsflcg“ni;g;ndxm:; on the numi indoubtedly for the|definied settlement of all issues pre-| TUnder the national defense act theltne orgamization of the National | commissions in the Officers’ Reserve DeUUveiDang Fatliteatuet s 08 Johe OF avplicaione MG n cocaly reds. who alre Shown their | dominant in the struggle today. ENg- | army of the United States shall consist | Guard and the organized TeServesiCorps of the Army of the United ested parties. The widest competition neers are detailed principally to th Tieth. ‘altheugh the time is not quite'land may continue to seethe and boil |57 O Yo WG U 0 ani-aireraft regiments for these com- | States will be gratified to know that e stien ¥iThe seitestibompeHtioel|mCeralase deeaiiof luive oAU ARDHCH uspicious to sound the real rallving [ industrially and commercially for an|of ‘the fefHIar, SORT., (%, M fited | ponents of the Army probably Williin. war Department is asking imme- sts of bidders, to whom are sent the tions to supervise the work und call. In discussing the possible bol- |inacanite = period. Whether such | Guars Whe o b0 oo Regerves, in- | D¢ organized. For the Regular Army | jiqia action in expediting the deliv- lists of bidders, to whom ars sent the tions s supervise the work unde sievist influcnce in the Whole sit-|.greements will evenuate remains in | Sluding the Officers: Reserve Corps and | Peace establishment a table of O~ }..\ of their commissions by tempo- they are in position to bid. Due to | Department, consisting of design wl uation. one cannot but conjecture | 3oupt. But much of their success will[the Enlisted Reserve Corps.” Unlike | Banization for an anticairerafl b4t |rarily waiving delay heretofore our system of centralized control, we construction of all the public wor O O iatims iy |depend on laboriate leaders steering |the Regular Army and the Nationall (o Whith WOSKE COlTtR Tl imant |caused by the non-arrival from ap- substituted two million dollars’ worth | of the naval establishment on shore. e ime in Moscow. which|a clear course during the period of | Guard, a member of the Organized Re-| © SRR 00 A SN -8 D0 1 phis and | pointees of their physical condition of supplies last vear by filling orders |as well as the maintenance and ro- ed » . demoralization certain to follow the |serves cannot be ordered to active duty| 'EF) Corernl, IR, BORERN 0Ly o | certificates. In order to avoid fu- from surplus stock, thus avoiding un- | pair of existing structurcs. s used these negotiations only as 4 means of infiltration for seditious Fospels expounded by the arch con- ROBINSON CRUSOE COULD HAVE A DESERTED ISLAND EVEN NOW tieing up of the mines, railways, ports and harbors. Crowded as the world sems to b setting, Robinson Crusee could find # haven today, and he would not have to resort to the polar regions, either. “Numerous islands still dot the seas where a visitor would find no living goul, and there are others where the land living in its twenty-two stone thatch-roofed houses. Their wood is that which drifts in to them on the tide. they raise potatoes as the food | | staple, they obtain a few clothes from | an occasional ship which calls there in exchange for geese, fowl, milk, sheep, eggs and cured albatross and penguin skins, and for months in suc- inhabitants are living in 2imost | cession they do without bread, tea. primitive simplicity,” says a bulletin | coffee and sugar. from the Washington, D. C. head-| ‘The nearest inhabited istand to Tristan da Cunha is St. Helena, of Napoleonic fame. This rugged bit [ of carth rines out of the south Atlan- | tic 1,200 miles from the nearest part | Of the African coast. Before the days of the Suez Canal it had some com- mercial importance, but today its ex- cellent harbor sheiters vessels only | while they are coaling. Its 10,000 | inhabitants enjoy a most equable cli- iarters of the National Geographic ety. Ror is it necessary for you to choose a plot of land belonging to any other country than the United * Siates. There is Hakers Island, miles out from San Francisco, as well s many other such isolated dots in tha Pacific, where there will be no chance of getting even a faithful Fri- your lot Is used mate, the mean temperature rangin, guauo from !throughout the whole year from 6§ the depn IOA’.'lbd-grr 3 \orked out. If you feel that you must | “A bit of land in the Pact ! Lave your wife somewhere in the |as did Yap. rufed the nur(aflc: :tmf:e" afting yod could send her on to How- Jand we | peace conference i Nau only twelve miles in circumference, | this pretty little island with its many | beautiful Jagoons which mirror ite tall | | coral pinnacles and coconut palms in | | ife-llke perfection, is a treasare| | house of millions of tons of rich phos- phate of lime. It is perhaps ope ef the most 1vable of the Pacific 1slands, {48 the promoters of the phosphate in. | dustry have established free laundries, {ice. electric lights and refrigerators |for the preservation of fresh foods. { Employes have their own homes and | there is an almost endless succession of social functions to keep them alive and happy. In fact. the place fs kuown as Pleasant Isiand. | A Pe ! twonty-five miles to the o aroughi tward, an equally deserted spot, 4 row over 1o sce her when you get bored with your freedom Hunting asd Fishing Good. “Fupning Island might interest a Yeas exclusive individual This elysium % in the mid-Pacific about 235 miles orth of the equator, is of atoll for- ckly covered with & There is a fair har- southwest side, out of 200 men und women ship 1 oysiers are to be goon, poultry and cat procured, the fish are nd excellent, and duc rlew may be shot A British cruiser late in 1920 visit Inland tre th its on copra. 3 the be e Lacking Curionity. «| “If there is a skeleton in your closet, ed po h has had only o ether ealler at her port since July,|rest assured that the few Inhabitants | o s isolated place is Tristan|o¢ ster Island, 2300 miies off the du © aitl 1o be the loneilest spot! . (HBIE0 Atk i A n wmpire. The istand, |02 3 e and the easternmost in- Rl Volcanic origin, towers|habited Polynesian island, will make | o 2 of 2000 feet above seafno effort to bring it fo Tovel 1 (He south AV S0 thor= ekt (One trarslis aiis :r‘.-’"“’Al"h’ oughly has the nover-worry creed ¥ are not curious enough to turn “taken hold upon the people that the |around on the dock to look at the boat men move in a listless fashion, only | that ealls there about once in eighteen bestirring themselves enough to keep|months. Giguntic _statues, stone from starvimg, gnd let the women do| houses, and sculptured rocks, relics of| e ¥hat Work thege is to be done. There|an ancient peeple, are found on axn oply 139 oa the is-'imland™ longer period than fifteen days in ::ry‘one Ealendar year without his own consent, except in time of ‘r;;ug::l . expressly_declare = reas ot even the President is vested with that authority. He may, however, fix the peace strength, depending upon the basic organization of the Army of the United States. History records that heretofore in time of emergency our nation called its citizen soldiers to arms at the eleventh hour, the result being that vital time and valuable lives were lost by the very jack of a well defined and comprehen- sive plan of national defense. With a View to avoiding the possibility of na- tional disaster from a lack of military preparedness, the Congress wisely pro- vided in the national defense act au- thority to skeletonize the Organized Re- serves in time of peace. This act as now being carried out by the War De- partment will provide the nucleus for a well trained, well organization which may be readily expanded into an adequate war component or third line increment of the Army of the United States, which will be able to cope with any major emergency requiring the use of troops in excess of those of the Reg- ular Army and the National Guard. In time of peace the skeletonized force of the Organized Reserves is distinetly a volunteer organization. Should the nation be imperiled, the Congress may, in its judgment, again draft a sufficient strength of man power to meet any emergency. Re- gerve officer personnel, of which there are 66,000 available todgy, will com- mand the Organized Reserves under the direction of officers of the Regu- lar Army, who are qualified to handle large bodies of troops. The Con- gress, in enacting provisions for the Organized Reserves, provided in the national defense act for an Officers’ Reserve Corps consisting of sections corresponding t othe various branches of the Regular Army and of such ad- ditional sections as the President may d";;c: cost to the government for maintaining the Organized Reserves is nominal when compared with its value as an insurance for adequate national defense. Officers or enlisted | reserves draw no pay other than dur- $uz_ their training period of two weeks, with the exception of a few officers required for longer periods s training instructors. *4n arder fo give the Organized Re- serves equitable representation in the Army of the United States, the Con- iress provided that a number of qualified reserve officers may be de- tailed as additional members of gen- eral staff committees for the purpose of determining all policies and regu- lations affecting their respective or- The wisdom ot probably will be approved. The pur- pose of the War Department is to or- ganize three such battalions as part of the Coast Artillery Corps in connec- tion with the fixed coast defenses. The war strength tables of organization provide for anti-aircraft regiments with the three elements to which the battalions could be easily expanded. Officers’ Efficiency Ratings. Officers charged with details in con- nection with classification in the per- sonnel bureau of the A. G. O. are authority for the statement that there has_been no recent change in the method of classification and no criti- cism has come to their notice, and that the officers of the combatant arms de- tailed to staff duty appear to be con- tent that they will receive just treat. ment while the classification Is in the hands of the chiefs of their respective arms. An officer commissiqued in the line or branch who is detaged for service in a staff department is reported upon by the staff officer in that de- partment under whom he serves. This efciency 'report is then transmitted to the chief of branch in which he is permanently commissioner, and his efficiency rating made by the chief of his own branh based on such reports. No officer has, 80 far as known, sug- gested that his efficiency rating be intrusted to the chief of the staff branch in which he may be detailed for duty. TIn view of the fact that there is more or less apprehension concerning the operation of the clas- sification provisions of the Army re- organization act of June 4, 1920, the War Department states that officers of the Regular Army should be cogni- zant of the regulations governing efficiency reports and ratings, resting assured that any changes in the regu- lations will be communicated to them through channels as soon as a change has been made. Afr Service. “Those relics of death—scattered bones and broken cquipment—that lay for years along the desert trails of the pioncers into the new west,” reads a western paper, “are perhaps not more significant of the future of America than are the wrecks that oc- cur so frequently in the work of the aviator. Those early ploneers who brought the United States to its pres- ent continental scope and grandeur created through their adventures with danger the conditions of which mil- lions have since taken advantage. Though they were unconscious of its destiny, their lonely work, neverthe- less, made America possible. What the modern airmen are creating the ue of commissions the adjutant gen- eral of the Army will inclose with the appointec's commission a certificate of physical fitness which the ap- pointee will sign and return together with the acceptance of the commis- sion. Should the applicant be im doubt as to his physical qualifications, he may, in lieu of the certificate, fur- nish a physician's report as to his fitness. Physically defective officers will be discharged either when physi- cal reports are reccived or when call- ed to active duty and examined. ture delay in the i to reserve officers Attacking Airplanes. At present it may be generally stat- ed that airplanes are brought down not by gunfire skillfully directed, but by the airplane being unskillfully maneuvered. “But,” says Maj. H. T. Knerr, C. A. in a recent article, “the chances of hitting an airplane are about one in 8,000. The action of an airplane with a speed of 100 miles an hour can cover a sphere 3,000 yards in diameter in 30 seconds. Con- sidering the comparatively small size of the airplane in this sphere, it is evident why airplanes get away from anti-aircraft gunners. They are pecking away at it with inadequate weapons, snipe hunting with a rifle, or worse, with a bag and lantern. In order to be sure of hitting the plane we must fill its sphere of ac- tion with destruction, either with a single burst of suflicient power, or with a number of smaller bursts properly distributed. The sphere has a capacity of 15,000,000,000 cubic yards, hence the first method is at present impracticable, as is the sec- ond, since it would require at least 1,000,000 shells exploded simultaneous- ly—also an impracticability. The so- lution is to plant a cluster of bursts of sufficient density and extent in the immediate vicinity of the air- plane, without warning of any kind, to force the pilot to earth. To do this we must have a gun of great power throwing a shell of high ex- plosive energy, and second, it must be light with great flexibility and of automatic operation. The elements of the target's defense will include | aititude, speed, direction, armor, armament and visibilit 1" of which must be considered in' the type of gun used against the airplane. The author believes that anti-aircraft ar- tillery is not cconomically practicable and that the defense of our aerial frontiers should be conducted by a properly equipped air service.” No Change Contemplated in Uniform. There appears to be no foundation for the present rumor that officers 'world does not yet Xuow, ‘Their tveaiwill be permitted to wear ciwill ] P 3 CAPT. DAVID POTTER, Who succeeds Rear Admiral Samuel McGowan. clothes while on or off duty. Asked regarding the possibility of the issu- ance of such an order, an officer of the genera] staff, familiar with the sub- ject stated that to his knowledge the matter had not been discussed with Secretary Weeks. It is more than likely that any change of the kind, if it takes place, will permit the wear- ing of civilian clothes while off duty. Many officers of the Army believe that there will be no change in reg- ulations for some time to come which will permit the wearing of either civilian clothes while on duty or a re- turn to the old blue uniform. THE NAVY Centralized control of purchasing and stock distribution, thereby avoid- ing the purchase of materials avail- able among government stocks, is the keynote to the Navy's success in its method of steering the geod ship “Supply,” whose helm is now in the hand of Rear Admiral C. J. Peeples, temporary successor to Rear Admiral Samuel McGowan, retired. Purchasing supplies under the Navy's centralized plan is, according to the statement of Admiral Peoples, effecting a material saving in the price paid for supplies, by an- ticipating and consolidating the nceds of all yards and stations into one combined purchase. “It has been our practic for years,” remarked admiral, “to purchase the major por- tion of our supplies whenever experi- ence and statistics show that market quotations are the lowest. This may be illustrated In the case of canned goods, a year's supply of which is purchased at the peak of the canning season. We find it advantageous at times to purchase abroad, though home importers are given an oppor- tunity, to bid upon these requirements, N T' approximating $3,200 per annum mencing the | O two 1921; in twenty months pr experience since graduation. The p liminary examination general fitness will be based on papers submitted by the candidates on or necessary purchases on the one hand | and sales on the other. i “We recently estimated our savings as nearly three million dollars by | purchasing surplus materials from the | War and other government depart- | ments and through our system of | centralized control of purchasing and stock distribution, thereby avoiding the purchase of materials which are already available among government stocks. Purchases this year will ag: gregate approximately seventy-five million dollars, as against more than | haif a billion dollars in 1918. : “We were fortunate in the disposal of more than one hundred million dollars' worth of surplus war ma- terial at an average sales cost of exactly 2 per cent. In fact, we actually made a profit of more thun three and a half million dollars over the cost or appraised value of the first seventy million dollars taken in from the sale of surplus supplies. In order to obtain this result we rushed to unload at a time when prices were at the peak. Today our surplus stocks, | including ships, do not exceed a value | of more than thirty-eight million dollars.” s y Corps Appointments. Candidates for appointment in the Supply Corps who took the examina- tion in January are informed that th. board of officers, which has before it approximately 600 applications, has not reached the end of its delibera- tions. It is now stated that the ap- pointments may not be reached until May. That not enough of the men who took the examination will qualify to ill all the vacancies in the corps is regarded almost as a certainty by of- ficers familiar with the work of the board. Attractive Pay for Engineers. With entrance pay and allowances as an incentive, with increase up to $9,600, the bureau of yards and docks is_receiving applicatio: in the com- missioned grades of asistant civil en- {gineer, corps of civil engin: ith rank ) (Junior grad Candidates must be between the g and thirty years must have received a degroc engineering, and not less tl ctical professional American cit of twenty August 1, on to determin -are not ‘re- Service Temporary Com- manders. Officers temporarily serving as com- manders in the line, who were tem- porarily promoted to that rank before permanent promotion to the rank of lieutenant commander, appear to be of the opinion, it is stated in the bu- reau of navigation, that they should be credited with service in the rank of lieutenant commander for all sery- ice at sea since temporary promotion to that rank. In this opinion, the de- partment says, these oflicers are in error; the fact is that inasmuch as during the interval between their temporary promotion to the rank of commander and the date of perma- ment promotion to the rank of licu- tenant commander they had no status in the latter rank. During such i terval they are credited with sca service as lieutenant and also as a commander. Dental Corps Examinations. Candidates for appointment in tha permanent dental corps of the Navy may undergo examination in Wash- ington April 11. This examination is open to applicants from civil whose eligibility has been approved The bureau of medicine and surgery expects to conduct another examin tion of dentists about June will also be held in Washington There are now twenty-four vacancies in the naval dental corps. Su ful candidates will be commissioned in the rank of licutenant (J. G.), and they are promoted with their running mate in the regular medical corps. | MARINE CORPS — Approximately one hundred va- cancles exist among the grade of second lieutenant, and according fo Maj. Gen. John A Lejeunc, command- 14 large tes by ant it portion motion missioned offlcers is prop of the from il N Wikl to ons must v trom their ding officers and demostrate t s for commissioned rank. With a view to e ling candidates to p pare for these examinations. they will bo assombled at a suitablo post and given every possible portunity for study and preparation oxamination who apply securs o these mmend tor commis t before May 16,1921, covering college | The final from which record, references ‘and professional S will be awarded will bo ! n & —