Evening Star Newspaper, April 3, 1921, Page 45

CHARLES’ ACT BARES | SINISTER INTRIGUES Royalist Schemer. Outclassed by France, . Who Has Builded BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. INISTER is the only word that can be applied aptly to the covert intriguing of European governments, despite stipulat- ed. agreements that all engagements hetWeen the nations shall be submit- ted to th league of nations. No bet- %cr example of the possible results of subterranean mancuverings of zeal- ous nationalists has been revealed since the treaty of Versailles Was signed than that coming to light dur- ing the past week in conmection with Emperor Charles’ attempt to usher in a revolution with consequent re- acstablishment of a monarchical rezime in Hungary. The parchments upon which secret agreements have beem Written are Natermarked “wal Statesmen of the old world today are being re- vealed as plunging into oral agree- ments destined to outrival the worst of the many secret political alliances the old worid. The former emperor of Austria- Hungary. a Schemer against treaties, efiected after the close of the war, would appear to be the vietim of cven cleverer schemers, ' The Haps burgs appear - doomed to extinction, even though the peoples of Austria and of Hungary should decide in favor of the restoration of a mon- archy with one of the old royal house upon the throme. Eurpean intrigue has cleverly paved the way to frus- trate the return of Charles or any of his kin. for the Hapsburgs cannot be counted upon to move at the behest | of the larger capitals. Charles Will Be Frustrated. Charles is not expected to realize #ic dreams. éven should he be able to centralize a tremendous fighting force and evorthrow the present Hun- garian scheme of things. Through Francophile negotiations, the whole of eastern and southeastern rope is opposed to any re-estab- hment of the old regime in either Hungary or Austria. Treaties between the allies and the specifically place Hapsburgs. But inasmuch as ex- pressed stipulations hav> heen over- riden so many times in the dreary months that have elapsed since the allies set forth their terms. there some reason for the belief that iCharles mav have considered the time ripe for action. Constantine returned to the Grecian threne in the face of 1llied opposition. The Germans have flouted the allies at every turn. and thouzh nunishments have been in- flicted. the aliies’ future course is one involving great tasks, and is one sur- ronnded ¥y clouds. Charles has reckoned without % cench influence in the smaller coun- 4 ies—Czechoslo¥akia. Rumania and i ugoslavia, tha backbone of tha “little entente.” These ecountries. desnite their own jealousies, the restoration of the Hapsbures. Fach of these little countries. eifher ! latter countries | a ban upon the| are forced to: meet on on~ common wround acainst | Alliances Threat- ening Another War. great else Horthy never would have | taken this stand, for his connections with the Ludendorff plot to restore the Hapsburgs in both Austria and Hungary, with consequent Germany monarchist upheavals, are Wwell | known. } Prolonged Bloodshed Likely. 1t is recognized in allied capitals that should the monarchists gain con- trol in Hungary. the situation may bring on prolonged bloodshed. France endeavor lee to it that for admittedly a Hapsburg regime dominated by leaders of the old school would be dangerous to France, for the Austro- Hungarians. in the years to come, i might endeavor to Tevenge them- selves upon present day ememies, as well as further all attempts to re- store the monarchy in Germany. One of the things France most fears is !a monarchistic regime in the cen- | tral powers, one dominated by the iold school, which France knows would usher in endeavors to square laccounts with the French for what s deemed in Germany, France's ef- iYort torend German unity forever and jmake the nation a shell of its for- mer self. Should the Ludendorft plot, | which I revealed some weeks ago, crystallize, France could expect just such course of events. France has | known of the monarchist schemings from the very start and has builded in the “ittle entente” a tool fashioned for the protection of French interests. The “little entente,” in case of 4c- tion against either Austria or Hun- | gary or both, will play the part of a catspaw in the larger political in- trigues on the continent. Not Real Menace Now. As a matter of fact neither Hun- gary nor Austria, owing to their pres- ent impotency, can offer real menace to.their neighbors for many. years to come, whether they be in the form of kingdom or republic, for with. the as- sistance of larger allled nations, all members of the “little entente” have advanced many leaps ahead of either of the old enemies, financially, com- mercially and soclally.. There is not reason. to believe that in tem or twenty years from the present date this ratio of progress for the “little entente” will not be maintaintd in their favor. Thus the military and economic disadvantages of Hungarian restoration in so far as ik affects out- side countries may be discounted for the moment. The chief damage that would result from the restoration of the Hapsburgs or monorchical forms {under the domination of old Austro- Hungarian leaders would be the pos- sibility of unity of action with Ger- many. And unity of action with Ger- imany means a stronger Germany ! whi¢h at all times will remain & po- tential menace to France. Whether the “little entente” will be used to the extent of making war re- mains to be seen, but it Is a known I fact that should war come the proc- esses of reorganization throughout ! the continent again will be set back. But the vital revelation in the whole situation is the fact that the “little ! carved bodilv ont of the old Austrian emnire or nrofiting largely bv the division of tha ennils when statesmen in Paris wielded their Viplamatic corying knives. has a holv fear of Tunmore and Austria. 'mr'\‘cllhr‘vi entente” spurred on, aidedand abetted by France, has decided to make war again in case of certain eventualitids, and that countries of Europe today lean toward the very processes which #honld thev on~- more rallv ahont »M [ royght on the terrible holocaust of e e e i A - | 1914, does not appeal _strongly arehy lost Yande conld hn returnad | o the American imagination. The revelation must but postpone the day and finaveial ~~d ecomomic stipula. {when America will be ready to step thons ha fene=ad, Franee Fans Antipathies. ! i France, who has been most active in building up French political in- fluence in the “little entente,” and who may b2 said to be father of the! offensive and defensive alliance be- | tween these smaller countri has not bee: low to take advantage of antipathies against Austria and Hun- gary. French statesmen have cleverly ) played their cards until today these smaller nations. if they do not show utter disregard for their engage- ments with France. must go so far as invade Hungary and Austria in se the peoples of these countries ect one of the Hapsburgs as ruler. Even Juggsiavia. whose ter- ritorial grabs e been largely predicated upon the fantastical yet troublesome theory of the self- definition of peoples, must smile covertly at the trickery of the idea when she sees 30,000 of her troops on the Hungarian frontier ready to strike into Hungary in case Charles succeeds. With Czechoslovakia ready to hurl her troops into Hungary and Rumania likewise beholden to the Ii tle entente to do likewise. there is zround for the expressed fears of Ad- miral Horthy, who has served as re- ent of Hungary. end who voiced op- | ition to immediate attempts to re- ore Charles or any member of his mily on the ground of danger to country. The menace must be to the side of any pation that pur- sues tactics which, in case there were offensive and defensive alliances with | this country, would embroil this coun try in struggles the real cause for which might remain hidden until after done. | the damage w: Warning te Ameriea. The whole situation in central and southeastern Europe is not one to brook trifiing. Any alliances, written or verbal. which tend to throw na- tions at each other's throats afford tinder for a conflagration upon the edge of which many nations today tread. The entire Balkan situation is one engendering new hatreds and faning prejudices. tween nations everywhere is growing }and should the “little entente’s” mem- | bers individually or .collectively en- gage in_ military struggles no man can predict the end. for not a nation in southeastern Europe is satisfled with present adjustments territorially or otherwise. and any one or all may see fit to seize advantage of further open conflict to rectify conditions to suit themselves. = The sinister features of alliances tending to initiate prolonged waffare just_at the dawn of a new European day easily can be observed, and American wants none of them as long 28 nations of the old wo#ld rely on secret and exceedingly provocative diplomatic methods. ¥ WEALTH OF UPPER SILESIA = - CHIEFLY IN COAL DEPOSITS “ Germany Great Gainer as Result of Victory Won Plebiscite. Upper Silesia, scene of the plebiscite between Poland and Germany. the most important seif-determination votc that has followed the world | war, is the subject of the following bulletin issued, from the Washing- headquarters of the National Geo- graphic Society “The boundary line of prewar wany in the east sketched out r- the upen mouth of a gigantic hippopota- in mus, its teeth scemingly planted the westward bulge of Russian *Land. The lower jaw was Silesia, and ithe jowest part of it, paradoxically, Upper Silésia. But the paradox is more apparent than real. for Upper Silesia ovtums its name not because of its relative latitude, but because of its mountainous character. Area of fi’rl' Value. “In the southeasternmost Uip of the old German empire, tucked in petween Austria-Hungary and Kussia, was the part of Upper Silesiz which gives the country ity great value and makes it & territory worthy of the strenuous efforts that have been put farth to possess it—coul flelds covering over 1000 square miles, and constituting the most extensive deposit of hig grade coal in Europe. The total available supply Is estimated at 62, 600,000,000 tons, which is slight greater than that in the more famii- fir Ruhr valley feld of western Ger- ny. The bare tonnages do not tell the ole story, for while the Ruhr al is partly of inferior qualigy, that Upper Silesia is practically all of not unnaturally there- looked upon the retention of ilesia as a necessity if she n her way back to world industrially. Its value importance nad been amply demonstrated. for the possession of this district made it possible for Germany to carry on the world war as long as she did, even though most of the World was ar- rayed against her. Similarly Poland feit that an independent economic ex- istence and a strength capable of withstanding military aggression from #oth east and west could not be in the Recent’ | achieved by her without Upper Sile- | sia’s coal. “Important deposits of zinc |and lead ores increasc the value of | the region. Spur to Metallurgieal Industries. “The presence of great quantities of coal has brought a Jarge number of metallurgical industries to Tpper Si- ll&ma 80 that it is of great value as an industrial community as well as a mining region. Some iron ore is mined in the district, and large quan- tities are brought in from the mines to the west and t {0 feed the seem |ingly interminable number of blast {furnaces. iron and steel mills, ma- chine-shops and other metal working l':ltllflhthments that have been devel- |oped there. Other industries center about the fabrication of zinc and lead. So highly developed is this industrial region that the area about t Resianituat ut the towns heaviest population per s jesvicesin on ver square mile One of Europe’s Foot Balls. ilesia was early | Slavic tribes. but was | of until about the year 1000, when it became connected ‘with Poland. More | than a hundred years later, it was @ separate principality, but allied with Poland. " It was then semi-inde- ! pendent, but under the overlordship {of German, Bohemian, Hungarian and Austrian rulers in turn. It wa battleground during the thirty y | war in the seventeenth century, and, | @8 a result of this scourge of war, { lcst nearly three-fourths of its popu- | lation. In 1741 old Silesia was divid- ed, the southern portion remalining in’ the possession of Austria, and the Upper and Lower Silesia of modern times going to Prussia. The Prus- sion king. Frederick II, took the territory by force, from Empress Maria Theresa, basing his claim on ja short-lived German suzerainty dat- ing from 1163. Twelfth-Century Colonization. | _“A movement to colonize Silesia with Germans was begun by German monarchs in the twelfth century. As a resylt the population of Lower Si- lesia has been predominantly Ger- for hundrcds of vears. “In the case of Upper Silesia the Germans The tension be- | ! | Konigshutte, Kattawi [lh- larger cities there are more Ger- nd_Gleiwits is reputed o ma o ™ihz | mans than Poles, but in the villages occupied by 75 per cent or more of the population. little heard | The Germ | l l THE SUNDAY/ STAR., WASHINGTON, D. C, THE ANARCHY IN IRELAND APRIL 3, 1921—PART England Says: “Murder Must Stop.” Retorts: “Withdraw Your Police and They Will Not Be Killed.”—Deadlock Resulls. by Sir Philip Gibbs on “The archy in Ireland.”] BY SIR PHILIP GIBBS. HE act of conseription, which was never enforced in Ireland, intensified the spirit of national resistance to English rule, and the recruiting, drilling and craining of Irish volunteers under Sinn Fein went on apace. I am told—and absolutely believe—that any attempt to enforce conscription would have led to bloody civil war. England could not, and did mot, risk it, and during the last two years of the war the Sinn Fein organization was per- fected, and the administration of Dhail Erin, the Irish republic, was put into actual prac- tice. "They established their own courts of law. whose judgments their people sought and obeyed; their volunteers acted as police in civic disturbances when the royal Irish constabulary, weak in numbers, and boycotted, could only look on and take no active notice. They did not for a time attack the English executive. They mply ignored it. Over a great part of the south and west of Ireland the king's writ did not run. * ¥ ok x Then came another phase, when, after the war, English government were ablé to turn their attention to Ireland with a greater determina- tion to enforce the old rule. It was the phase of police murders, attacks on police barracks ambushes and all elements of guerrilla warfare. ‘The average Englishman read with horror the repeated shootings of royal Irish constabulary men. His blood boiled at the thought of these guardians of law and order shot down <o often in cold blood, or after sieges of their barracks, in which, temporarily, they were greatly out- numbered byswell armed men. It seemed to him, and seems to him still, a brutal campaign of murder for which there is no excuse and no defense. Again he does not know the Sinn Fein point of view, or, if he knows, rejects it as ut- terly poisonous in its. dictrine. The Sinn Fein view, I am told on trustworthy authority from the inside, is that the majority of policemen shot by armed bodies of men have been proved to be spies of Dublin Castle, gath- ering, or concocting, seécret evidence against Irish volunteers, and that, as in all warfare, it is acknowledged right to shoot spies on sight; so these men have been dealt with as such and not as ordinary policemen carrying on the . ordinary duties of maintaining order. That is not good enough for the average Englishman, ‘and he says: “Murder is murder, and these crimes must be stopped by the full power of martial.law.” The Irishman retorts: “Withdraw _you police, and your orders which turn them ‘into spies and agents provocateurs, and. they will not be killed!” The English an- swer is: “Let the murders stop first before there is any truce. * % * ¥ . It was to stop murders and to maintain or- der, apart from all political discussion, that the average Encglishman gave his moral sup- port to the government's strengthening of the military garrisons in Ireland and to the enlist- ment of a new force of men, auxiliary to the constabulary, who now have earned a sinister name as the “black-and-tans.” These men were recruited from the enormous numbers of ex-officials and non-commissioned officers who bad not settled down to peace after the great war, who found it difficult or impossible to get decent jobs, and who were tempted at onc by this chance of active employment in Ire- land. Their relatives and friends belleved that they were going to Ireland for honest work, even though dangerous and unpleasant work, such as might befall a body of special police in time of riot. They did not think they were going for dirty work which would bespatter the good name of England with mud and filth. * %k k % It was not until recently that a certain ominous word was mentloned in English news- papers and in the English parliament. Re- prisals. Months after there were columns in Irish, American and continental newspapers about this new phase of activity in Ireland did the ordinary English reader hear anything about it beyond a few obscure paragraphs, or occasional half columns, which gave him’ to be- leve that dreadful things were happening in some places across the Irish sea when English soldiers and the new force of auxiliaries were firing back at crowds which attacked them, and ralding private houses where they killed those who tried to kill them, or burning farmsteads and other houses and cottages from which they had been fired upon. The ordinary decent Englishman deplored these things and sald: “Surely to God this business ought to be settled!” but could not find it in his heart to blame any of those sol- diers or police who defended themselves against ambush and assassination and hit back hard against those who struck first. That s still the view, very largely, I am sure, of many in- cidents briefly reported to him, and the Eng- lishman says to all sentimenthlists: “Surely our fellows must be allowed to hit back, to shoot if they are shot at, to arrest the mur- derers at all risk, to burn their houses about their ears if they won't surrender to the forces of the crown in their duty of checking crime and ‘maintaining order!” * ¢ * If that were all, I think the average Engiishman would be Justified in his judgmeat, apart from the rights and wrongs of our government of Ireland. * % k% It is only quite recently, within the last monta or two, that certain facts have been brought under: the Englishman's notice which fll him with abominable misgiving. Charges were brought against the “black-and-tans” which at first he utterly refused to believe. It was asserted by the Irish and their American friends that in Balbriggan and Taum and many other places these English auxiliary police had run amuck, and had committed acts of arson and murder, not in self-defense, not in punishment of individual criminals, not even in the passion of rage against great provocation, but blindly wantoniy and brutally, as those Germans who played the devil's game in Alost and Louvain. It was further asserted that civilians were being shot and flogged; that buildings, cream- eries, farmsteads and village homes were be- ing burned, not as the sud impulses of brutal men inflamed by a boycott in a hostile population and by murderous attacks, but un- der ‘the direct orders of their military chiefs and as part of a. deliberate and cold-blooded policy to Kill the spirit of a people by a steady reign of terror. The average Englishman, the man in the street, of -whom I am writing, the decent-minded fellow, proud of the good name and fame of England, resented such charges with indignation and disgust. The vast ma- jority of people in England at the time I am writing still repudiate those accusations. They. do not believe it possible that their government, or the military and police chiefs in Ireland, would tolerate such an abominable policy, or that soldiers who fought in the great war would carry it out. That is their position now at the - time I am writing, and they are fortified by government denfals in the house of commons, 1t is there that I must leave “the average Englishman,” tired to death of the whole Trish problem, anxious for any kind of settlement which would bring about peace without injuring the prestige and power of old England, willing to grant the broadest measure of home rule this side of a republic, irritated with the trucu- lence and narrow spirit of the Ulster men and with the passion and fanaticism of the Catholic Irish, shocked by the amarchy now prevailing, abhorrent of the police murders, but upholding the right of retaliation so long as the tragedy and stupidity of this guerrilla warfare lasts. 1 write now for myself, not classing myself with the average Englishman, because I have greater access to the sources of news, a closer knowledge of the forces at- work, -and personal acquaintance with some of the moving spirits behind the scenes on the English and the Irish sides. 2 * k %k ¥ I am bound to admit-that I am not satisfied with the government denials on the subject of reprisals. I cannot put on one side the admis- sion of Gen. Macready, which he has never de- nied, that it is a “delicate and difficult matter” to punish men - who, under his authority -and discipline, do acts of indiscipline and disorder in the way of reprisals. Vainly 1 searched the “speech of Lloyd George at Carnarvon for any denunctation of reprisals, but found only an ‘admission and defense. And since then T have een a great deal of evidence coming in, but not ‘admitted, as a rule, to the English newspapers, revealing certain criminal acts and brutal deeds, a callous and wanton cruelty amounting to a real reign of terror on the part of the “black and-tans,” which I am constrained to believ. though I hate to believe them, because of their origin and authority. From some English peo- ple living in Ireland, as well as from some of the Irish themselves, I have been given detailed accounts of the shooting of civilians, the “shooting-up” of villages, the destruction of property, for which I can find no justification, even by the laws of warfare, which are ruthless enough. > % wiy Personally, T cannot stand for this; T love England too well to defend that which dishonors her. As a war correspondent in France during the years of slaughter I was the chronicler of the heroism of all those young men of ours who fought for the ideals of liberty—who died for them—and I described the war with what passion 1 could put into my pen only because liberty seemed to me the goal for which we fought and the only justification of its horror, its insanity, its degradation of our civilized world. 1 should be betraying the dead, and all their faith, if now I tried to defend a reign of terror in Ireland which the united body of Irish Catholic bishops have described in words which cannot be put on one side In view of other evi- dénce 1 have: “We know that latterly, at least, all pre- stense of strict discipline has been thrown sto the winds and that those who profess to be the guardians of law and order have become the most ardent votaries of lawlessness and disorder; that they are running wild through the country, making night hideous by rald: that reckless and indiscriminate shootings in crowded places have made many innocent vic- tims;that towns are sacked as in the rude war- fare of earlier ages; that those who run through fear are shot at sight. * ¢ ¢ “For all this not the men, but their masters, are chiefly to blame. It is not a questfon of hasty reprisals, which, however, unjustifiable, might be attributed to extreme provocation, nor of quick retaliation on evildoers, nor of lynch law for miscreants—much less of self-defense of any kind whatsoever. It is an indiscrimi- nate vengeance deliberately wreaked on a whole countryside, without any proof of its complicity in crime, by those who ostensibly are employed by the British government to protect the lives and property of the people and restore order in Ireland.” There is no decent Englishman who, if he believes” these things are true, as I believe some of them are, will for a single moment defend them as legitimate, in spite of all provo- cation. Unfortunately, the facts have been boy- cotted in England—apart from two or three courageous papers—and the mass of the peo- ple do not know them. * & x x 1 see in all this the inevitable result of long stupidity and wickedness. The wickedness be- gan again when Sir Edward Carson was allowed - to raise and arm the Ulster volunteers—with German rifles—and defy the authority of the king and parliament by a threat of civil war if home rule were passed. I saw in Belfast the march past of those men, and banners which promised allegiance to the kaiser rather than submit to the nationalist coercion. 1 saw riots there in which the Catholic minority were stoned and beaten with extreme brutality, and 1 saw the swearing of the covenant which raised again the old fire of religious hatred and politi- cal warfare, while the present lord chancellor of England, F. E. Smith, acted as “galloper to the leader of the Ulster rebels. 1t was the freedom given to Carson, the blind eye turned to the gun runners of Ger- man arms and ammunition. which challenged the nationalists and raised Sinn Fein, We went from one stupidity to another. Ireland would have accepted home rule if we had given it with real sincerity before the war. She would have fought with all her manhood by our side if in return we had pledged ourselves to any- thing like dominion home rule. She would have hated us less if for long years'past, as still today, we had not placed in Ireland as our Tepresentatives men who did not understand the Irish temperament and were not courteous to Irish sensibilities, but men who at Dublin Castle were the avowed enemies of her national as- pirations, hostile to her faith, and hard and brutal in their minds and manners. As we have sown in stupidity so now we shall reap in tragedy. * ¥ % ¥ What is now to be done? There are only two ways open to us. Kither a bloody conquest of these people by a hideous civil war which will leave Ireland a desert, or a truce of God, when by a general ammesty and a withdrawal of troops we may come to some kind of peace treaty with the leaders of Sinn Fein. I am certain that the English people will not stand for that bloody civil war. The Eng- lish people are tired of war. They want peace. Or, if there is to be any civil war, it will not be restricted t6 Ireland, but will flame out in England, too. Therefore, failing a new conquest of Ireland by fire and sword, there must be a wuce and a treaty. That is not going to be easy of arrangement, whatever the good will of the English people. The Irish people have no good will to us. They say: “We are notinterested in your home rule bill. You can talk and talk, ind add clause to clause, but we care nothing for it all and will have nothing of it!" They say: *You may of- fer us dominion home rule, and if you clear out we shall be very glad and will breathe more freely in your absence. But we will carry on with the Irish republic, which Is ours mow in spirit as it will be in every future act. You may cut out Ulster to your heart’s content, but Ulster is part of Ireland, and as such shall be | part of the Irish republic.” What is to be done with an attitude like that? Frankly, 1 do not know, unless we leave the Irish to fight It out among themselves, as far as Ulster is concerned, which seems to be an impossible proposition because of English and Scottish sentiment for Ulster's safety. 1t Ireland will not accept any measure of home rule, leaving Ulster separate for the time being, nor anything less than a republic, then I am afraid that there will never be any bridge ol reconciliation between our two islands. For the English people will not surrender, except by absolute compulsion, the Irish harp on their royal standard. They know that to accept an Irish republic would be the outward and visible sign of the break-up of the British empire and the downfall of our pride and power. Anything less than that they will grant, but never that except by the ruin of their spirit and strength. o ¥ K ok % As an Englishman, friendly to Ireland, in spite of that rebellion which I cannot forgive except by a remembrance of tragic history which put poison against she English into Irish brains, and acknowledging with shame the folly and evil of many things which are now happen- ing under our martial law—not justified despite the murders and guerrilla warfare which I oqlfally condemn—TI can see no hope in the fu- ture of avoiding greater tragedy, more fearful thimgs, unless the Irish will show a little gen- erosity on their side, wipe out many black mem- ories, abandon their attacks upon military and police, and, in return for a complete and abso- lute truce, come to terms which will give them full rights over their own nationality while still remaining in the confederation of Britsh peoples under the king-emperor. If they would agree to that they would get not only the friend- ship of the English people, among whom, in spite of all this tragedy, they have masses of friends, but they would rise to a height greater than that of nationality, which is the brother- hood of man in the name of Christ. But, knowing the Irish people and their present passion and purpose, I think they will not agree to any of that, so that the future is as black as night. (Copyright, 1921, by Harper & Bros. Publisked by arrangement with the McClure Newspaper Syndicate.) [Editor's Note: In announcing ths Gibbs articles on Ireland, Rev. Francis P. Dufty of the famous “Pighting Sixty-ninth” was quoted &3 saying that Philip Gibbs was tiue man who “brought the truth to a world of les.” In a telegram to The Star, Father Duffy says it "Ildhfll!lkhl“hldnumm all of Gibbs’ statements, that the above com- pliment was based on Sir Philip’s book, “Now It Can Be Told,” indicating that during the war he was not allowed to tell the whole truth. “After the war between his country and Ireland is over,” Father Duffy adds, “I shall have faith in Sir Philip.”) were not so successful. In most of and country districts the Poles pre- dominate. It has been generally ac- cepted that in Upper Silesia as a ’Nétional Guard News mander was commended for enlist- l’mont work and the good esprit de |corps shown by the company. The physical condition of the men was ' erty very good. The company com- || Bbave the average and some spe- whole the Poles make up from 60 to hope of success in the plebisaite lay in winning over the votes of some Poles, largely on the plea_that prosperity was dependent on _German control of the industries. “The area of Upper Silesia is about 5,000 squgre miles, approximately that of Connecticut and Rhode Island combined. The latitude of Koms-' shutte, chief city of the region, is, roughly, that of Winnipeg, Canada.” JUGOSLAV EMIGRATION FROM AMERICA HALTED Jugoslay emigration from America has been practically stopped by an order from the Jugoslav government, which prohibits the issuing of pass- ports to its subjects by consulates in the United States. The consulates may still receive applications for passports, but they now must be forwarded to the central government in Belgrade, which alone may au- thorize the issuance. It is supposed that the new ruling is of only a tem- porary character. troops Corps, may be gi Need of a modern and up-to-date armory for the District of Columbia National Guard is emphasized in the report of the officers who recently in- | ice company spected the District National Guard | to the War Department. effect of the old armory on the guard organization 18 referred to in the re- port. Not only was the needs of a suitable structure commented on, but also the size and location of the pres- ent armory were criticised as being undesirbile. the part of the Washington public 1so was commented on by the in- the recent changing over from the infantry companies to engi- neer companies, have recommended that an inspector- instructor be detailed with the local from in order that the proper in- struction -along engineering n the District guardsmen. The inspecting officers commended very highly the work of the officers and men and expressed approval and compliments on the manner in which the books and papers were handled. Capt. Joe R. McKey, Ralph G. MacCartee their work. Detrimental | ing of the men also was commended for his work. Camp Benning, Ga. by Ladk of support on|Smith and Lieut. was reported very good, exceptions. was very good. ported excellent; manual very good. the Army officlals the Army Engineer lines | ed good drill setting-up exercizes good. was commended. was reported good; Sergt. and Stansell Moore and Bugler Sergt. Henry Love- less of ' the headquarters and serv- were commended for | The physical condition of the officers and men was reported | very good. The marching and play- Band Leader MaJcolm M.“Horton was The completion of courses of in- | struction at the Infantry School at George G. was commended, and also Lieut. Sid- ney Morgan in improving the drill attendance and morale of Company A. The paper work of this company The care of The bugle was re- marching The several non- commissioned officers were consider- instructors exceptionally The morale and keenness of the men of Company C while at work The paper work the care of prop- clally fine and well set- e : up soldiers character was made to the fact that thirty-four men re-, i Bl tour enlisted in this The corps of midshipme: Naval Academy at .\:nlp"olint 1‘12: challenged the National Guard to a rifie match. The chal- ::ntgeh has been acceptéd and the M:yc7. will be held at Annapolis Members of the District yesterday began practice, forG“:l:: match on the outdoor range at Con- gress Heights, D. C. Try-outs are being held under the direction of Maj. Frank W. Holt, assisted by Sergt. Henry H. Leizear. * mmended. Capt. 8. L. Israel with minor property Motor service is being furnished members of the guard for trans- portation to Camp Simms on Satur- day afternoon. A truck leaves the armory, 472 L street, at 1 p.m., and leaves Tth u%t and Pennsylvania avenue at 1:15 'p.m. The truck makes regular trips from the end of the car line at Congress Heights to the range during the afternoon. and and the Preceding the drill of each or- GERMANY IS-ALERT IN SOUTH AMERICA I re la n d Regaining Trade ' by Offering Warts Cheaply, With Long Credits and Prompt Deliveries. BY BEN McKELWAY. f i ERMANY. this country’s second | strongest competitor for Latin | American trade before_ the | war, is coming bacl. -imnto the | southern trade fleld with astonishing | vigor. and already has succeeded in re- | establishing herself as a real factor to ! be contended with in our efforts to re- tain commercial supremacy in South America. Reports to the Department of Com- merce from commercial attaches in the countries of Latin Ameriga are begin- ning to teem with stories of how Ger- many’'s trade representatives are land- ing a little order here, a large order there. gradually getting back their old relations with the South American im- porter. Anti-German propaganda, free- spread by British and American radesmen in South America. is being {overcome by facts, established more than once lately, that the German man- ufacturer not only will offer his wares more cheaply, extend credit on longer terms, but will deliver the goods bar- gained for on the date promised. American manufacturers and export- ers are just beginning to realize this re- newed competition, it is said. After the war they felt secure in the belief that Germany would be unable to ship mer- chandise to South America, even though her merchants were successful in plac- ing orders. It is now apparant that Germany is able to, and at present is delivering her goods. German activity is reflected in the recent purchase by Argentina of 10,000 car wheels; Chile’s buying quantities of dock and shipping ma- terial and by the sale to Mexico of electrical equipment. all of the trans. actions being with German firms. Purchases here and there of cheap hardware, crockery, novelties and wireless equipment from German manufacturers are too numerous to specify. Germany's commercial agents are studying the situation in various South American countries closely to discover the commodity in greatest demand. They concentrate on plac- ing orders for these articles and de- liver them before representatives of competing countries, so it is said have even found a shortage to exist. An example of this practice was found in Mexico recently, where German agents placed large orders for small power electric motors and delivered them before American tradesmen realized there was a market. Germany's offer of long-time credit. extending to six months and more, is a bait which the South American mer- chant can hardly refuse because of the economic difficulties existing throughout South America todav. And Mexico, points out in a dispatch to the Department of Commerce, “Germany can offer these terms only through the assistance and sympathy of financial interests in the United States. Though it i= a well known fact that Germany must obtain financial assistance from abroad. it is unfortunate for Ameri-| can trade in Latin America that that assistance should be offered at the ex- as Consul Lee R. Blohm, at Frotera,! Zone. from Guavaquil, on hoard the steamship Europa. a Peruvian air- plaze. It was assembled and tested and shipped back to Peru. the Per vian navy having no facilities at pres. ent for such work. The mechanical equipment and personnel at Coco Solg! were used for the purpose. peri- ments in aviation by the Peruvian navy will begin this xummer in cor sequence. * % % % A vote of confidence in the adminis- tration is looked for here ax the mext move by Panama. through her assem- bly now in session, in the Panama- Costa-Rican boundary dispute. Pana- ma is expected to use every diplomatic means further to dispute the White award. President Porras may be ex- pected to take the stand that as the White award never was agreed to b Panama, the controversy should be se tled by the appointment of a commi sion representing in its membership disinterested countries. * % Xx % James Wheatley will represent the American Chamber of Comm. e of Buenos Airés at the eighth annual meeting of the national committee of foreign trade. to be held in May. in Cleveland. He is expected to arrive in the United States within a short me. * % % % Arthur Titus, president of the Ar- gentine chamber of commerce in New York and advisory member of th { American chamber of commerce « | Buenos Aires. will represent the lat- ter organization at the convention of the chambers of commerce of the United States, at Atlantic City this month. * % x x Recognition by Argentina last week of Lithuania “a free and in- dependent state” is said to have re isulted directly from representations made to the Argentine ambassador here. Tomas A. Le Breton, by J. Vi- lesisis. representative of Lithuania in the United States. Argentina is the first of the American republics to take such action. * % ok % The government of Venczuela is preparing for complimentary distribu- tion at the time of the ceremonies of unveiling the statue of Bolivar in New York, April 1% a volume on the life and works of “The Liberator.” The book i itten by Dr. Guillermo A. Sherwell, 1" expert of the Inter-American High Commission. Copies of the volume will be distri | buted to President Harding afd the members of his Cabinet. members of i Congress, governors and the secre- taries of state of each of the states, and the president and speaker of each house of state assemblies or legisla- tures. . On the cover of the volume will appear a reproduction of the special { medal which has been struck for dis- i tribution at tke time the monument is i unveiled. The medals will be of gold, | silver ana bronze. * ¥ ¥ X The government of Venezuela has pense of American exporters to these conferred upon Dr. Sherwell the Order countrie: of El Libertador. second class, the Germanv has bheen particnlarly ac- | Venezuelan iegation here has been in- tive in Brazil. Argentina, Chile andformed. The jewel which accom- Mexico. aithough her efforts are by | panies the order will be presented on no means confined to the larger and|the arrival of the special Venezuelan more important trade fields. Her |mission to this country. Dr. Sterwell agents are showing themselves all|already possesses the third class of {along the eastern coast. the order. The first class is bestowed Officials of the Department of Com-jonly upon heads of nations, kings or merce do not believe Germany has yet | presidents, and not upon private in- reached the point where she can be|dividuals. were noted. Comment of a favorable | classed as a _dangerous competitor. This, it is predicted. will come within a decade. but hardly before. Yot the competition Germany offers is begin- ning to be felt by individual American exporters, who are slowly realizing the necessity for meeting it and treat- ing it as a reviving menace to their | South American trade. i * ¥ ¥ ¥ When the Navy visited the west coast of South America their accom- panying air squadrons created a great deal of interest among the officials of the countries visited. One of the | direct results of the visit is reported to the Navy Department from Panama. Commander Guia of the Peruvian navy brought to the United States naval air station at Coco Solo; Canal || Naval Reserve News. With the training vessel now as- signed to the naval reservists of the District of Columbia thoroughly over- [ hauled and in the prime of condition, ithe summer training trips down the {Potomac river will be resumed to- ‘day, According to orders issued, the little vessel with a crew of naval re- serve officers and men aboard will leave her dock at the foot of Water and O streets southwest promptly at 110 o'clock this morning, and will pro- lceed down the river, returning about dark. The spring months probably will be taken up with Sunday trips, and when the Saturdey half holidays go into effect in the summer, regular week end trips, to begin on Saturday and end on Sunday, will be started. The resumption of the river cruises is expected to increase interest among the reservists in the active training work. It is expected-it will be neces- sary before long to assign another training ship here to provide for the large number of officers and men Who want to take part in the practical work which they have while making {these cruises. During the winter imonths practically all of the train- | |ing has Dbeen confined to theoretical | work and courses of lectures. Officers of the reserve battalion have been discussing the probabilities | of the assignment of another and larger “ship here, and the belief is | | expressed that the Navy Department | i will send here in a few weeks one of | | the eagle boats built for submarine | | patrol work durig the war. i One of the most successful danc s{ | ever given by the local reservists was, conducted by the officers at the armory ‘Thursday night. Its pur- | pose was to bring together many of | the local naval reserve officers to | become acquainted. - Many prominent naval officers from | the Navy Department and the Wash- ington navy yard were present, { among them Capt. J. J. Raby, captain of the Washington Navy Yard and naval gun factory: Capt. Philip Wil- i liams, assistant chief of the bureau of | navigation, and Lieut. Commander | Batt, assistant in the division of naval reserve affairs of th avy De- partment. ganization a school for non-commis- sioned officers is being conducted at {the armory under the direction of Capt, Joseph C. Sutton. Non-com- missioned officers of each company now report at 7 o'clock each drill night of their organization in order to take part in the activities of this school. John_V. Sasher enlisted in Com- pany C. Engineer Regiment during the past week. Enlistments are now being taken for one auxiliary com- pany of engineers, belng osganized by Capt. Arthur C. Newman. This; organization is rapidly nearing the strength required for muster into the National Guard and probably will be inspected and mustered by an officer_ of the Regular Army some time during April. - ] Maj. Fox and Capt. Richards, both of the Army Engineer Corps, who have been assigned to the guard as inspector - instructors, are giving theoretical and practical instruction in demolition. * % % % The Secretary of State will be the guest of honor at a luncheon tomor- row at which Dr. L. 8. kowe, director general of the-Pan-American Union. will be host. Other guests will be th Brazilian ambassador, the' ministers of Colombia, Costa Rica and the Domini- can republic and Francisco Yanes, as- sistant director of the Pan-American Union. The luncheon will be followed by a meeting of the supervisory com- mittee of the Pan-American Union. which is composed of those who will be present at the luncheon. The meet- ing will be the first which has been held since Secretary Hughes assumed office. As Secretary of State he is ex officio chairman of the governing board of the Pan-American Union. [AIM TO REORGANIZE THE FOREIGN SERVICE (Continued from First Page.) rial in the foreign service. He would have tae Secretary of State design: from time to time, after preliminar: examination, “foreign service pupils” —not less than eighteen years old nor n thirty—to attend such uni- as may be designated for three-year courses of imstruction ai the government expense. The pupils would be under contract, however, to serve the government during a term of not less than five vears if they are eventually appointed foreign service officers. An adequate retirement system for superannuated foreign service of- ficials is deemed necessary, also, for the greater efficiency of the service. These are radical changes, but it is urged that there is pressing need for building up the efficiency of the fe= eign service. Collecting Foreign Information. There has been a growing conflict between the State Department and | the Department of Commerce over the collection of foreign information. The | State Department, through its foreign trade advisers and consular agents, has dealt with the commercial side. The Department of Commerce, on the other hand, has undertaken to send a considerable number of agents abroad to collect commercial data, t00. The re- ports. of the consular officers, some 30,000 & year, have been turned over to the bureau of foreign and domes- tic commerce in' the Department of Commerce for publication and the dis- semination of the information con- tained therein. If there is to be on department paramount in the collec- tion of foreign information, it ap- pears it should be the Department of State. There is no use of duplicating the work, and the information ob- tained by the foreign service can readily be transmitted to the Depart- ment of Commerce and other depart- ments that require it. ACQUAINTING AMERICANS WITH ITALIAN CULTURE, The prestige and good name of a nation depend largely on the share which that nation contributes to” civilization and progress, but, in or~'’ der that that share be appreciated. " it must be known. Accordingly, a branch of the Institute for the Prop- aganda of Italian Culture, which has its headquarters in Rome, has been opened in New York, with the pur- pose of acquainting Americans with, | what is being thought and done in.. Italy in regard to literature, art, , science. It is thought that a wider knowledge of Italian culture will create a more sympathetic under- standing and appreciation of the Italians in this country.