Evening Star Newspaper, March 12, 1892, Page 13

THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON. D.C. THE YEW YORK BAR. Some More Noted Men Who Prac- ticed There Years Ago. STUDENT EXAMINATIONS. Interesting Anecdotes of Admissions te the Bar—Incidents in the Careers of Judge Ed- ‘munds, Justice Nelson, Daniel 8. Dickman, Oakey Hall and Othere—A Story of Forrest. Written for The Evening Star. N ANECDOTE Of two of student exami- nations for one admis- sion to the bar! In presence of the su- preme bench, Judge Roosevelt presiding, and with the three ap- pointed examiners, Barrill, Hutehins and Nicoll, duly at their post, aclass of sixty or so came up for legal questioning. One old fellow of fifty, who had probably failed at most Of the somi-aunuai examinations of s quarter Of a century, was requested by Mr. Hutchins to define a “corporation sole.” With the sim- Plicity of ignorance and innocence he made answer: “Hare, a corporation bas no soul. ‘The tomptation was irresistible and Mr. Bur- rill sternly asked him to tell him how he would if “a tenant for life held over” in order to him, Dut this was, too much for the poor applicant an quietly eank back in Lis seat 14 tearfal and tremulous Nicoll, however, cro rdity by eliciting probably the most remarkable reply on record from 4 clumsy, wy-headed genius whose demeanor had ali the solemnity of » Solon or Solomon, or bot Said Mr. Nicoll, with grave propriety of a dress and glancing at his sage subject over the rims of bis spectacles with extreme sagacity “My worthy friend. and I hope future pro- fessional brother, suppose you were a justi of the peace, and s mas sceused of arsoq. we t before yeu to be dealt with accdrdi to law, now, what would you do with him’ Soratching his jerous head the bumpkin slowly returned: “I'd fine him a hundred dol- Jars aud make him marry the girl.” This was @ven worse than the stupidity of the Irish Police magistrate who in a certain dog-stealing Peso stated the law tobe. that if the animal ‘went away with the inteation of retarning it ‘was a clear case of animal revertendi and con- sequently nothing else than downright theft. JUDGE JONN W. EDMUNDS. A noticeable character of that day was Judge Job W. Edmunds of the state supreme court, Wiry, gaunt, wrinkled in deep furrows, eisd in rusty black, spectacled, grim of glance, yet good enough natured, a plain, practical, lawyer- Tike looking person, still he became a spirit- nalist in later life, and even * mouomanise on that subject. On the bench he presided with dignity, wisdom and thorough presence of mind; "but when discussing the affairs of another world he at once became strangely per- verted of view and stubbornly indomitable of determination. ie edited and prefaced sev- eral books on spiritualism with extraordinary Vigor and earnestness, and long after he openly a belief im that doctrine he kept his seat on the bench and laid down the rules of oth law and equity with unquestioned sound- ness, Indeed, very few judges have possessed so strongly the confidence of the profession and the people at large as this spirit-seeing, mediuin-believing, tabie-moving jurisconsult. He made but few converts among his brethren of the bench and bar to bis peculiar tenets of faith, but the weight of bis decisions in legal end judicial matters did not saffer or diminish im the public estimation despite bis morbid or tive idiosynerasy and marked pecu- larity of mind. MR. JUSTICE NELSON. Mr. Justice Nelson of the United States dis- trict court was one of the most leonine pres- ences ever seen upom the bench. Portly, florid, massive, with thickly flowing white hair aad whiskers and shaggy eyebrows, a ponderous brow and firm, decisive manner, sustained mode of expression and general bearing, this judge at the age of sixty or sixty-tive strongly remiaded one of the mighty and masculine Christopher North, of the Noctes Ambrosianw and the giori- ous recreations, a man of the woods and of voous, a great, healthy Samson with the broad brain of lawyer. During the late war he was occupied in the trial for condemnation pr Ranges prize seizures—cap- tured neutrals which bad risked wreck and ruin in order to insure by successful fraud on the government usurious interest upon their Bagardous ventares. In these cases he was dis tinguished for his correct rulings in interna- tional law, bis clear knowledge of patriotic Principles and the uniformly equitable spirit his ts. Judges ouen snd Mitchell were once well-known personages among the notable Int of fork’ Both tall, sightly men of fied bearing, singular fairness of mind and deep reading the iore of their profession, sintemen who simply tosee was to trust and ve in—these two goodly personages graced ‘whe bench throughout many years, illustrious landmarks of the old Manhattan Island bar of their distinguished day—a day when there Were giants ip the tield of civil fray. There were many other famous practitioners in the courts of justice at that time. There was Hugh Maxwell, ove of the counsel in the tragic Helen Jewett case. a strong, effective speaker and shrewd cross-examiner of unwiil- ing witnesses. That trim, sharply defined form of middie stature, with tirm, clean-cut featares and smowy bair worn to the shoulders, became im after years @ respected and conspicuous Sgure amoug the veuerabie residents of the city. Horace Holden was likewize a prominent person at the bar. Coietly a chambers lawyer, tafe and wise adviser of the wi: id the orphan, snd sa estate imvesior and adminis- trator of shill, he acquired ima long lifeume ‘wealth for bimself and left an enviable repu- tation for soundness of seuse and integrity of character to Lis descendants. Daniel 5. Dickinson fought the battles of the bar with noted ability for nearly half acen- tary, strong and solid lawyer among his eminent contemporaries. Frank Byrne, of dapper make, energetic, indefatigable and ever stanch w his clients aad their causes—a trim, hbaudsome face crowning a tidy, lawver-like little shape—always appeared weil’ in the pret- ence of a jury, be having fluency and law and logie enough to hold their fixed attention it the dullest and dryset of business details and deep commercial controvermes, EDWIN Jamxs’ ParLoRe. It isa curious fact that but few learned for- eigners coming to our bar have cut any respect- able figure when pitted against American law- yers. A notable if not notorious example of this statement Was seen in the instance of Ed- win James, queen's counsel, of Loudon He had led @ career of extractdinagy adventure und vicissitade. Of hercalean physique, pos sessing the doughty sinews of « prize fighter. the heavy face and sturay setting of a genuine John Buil and the firm serves of « naturally bold man—in the very priweof his years and mashood—this gifted Englishman fled from augrace disbarment at home to the fields of anew life and hope abroad. He was, after strenuous opposition on the part of a number of members of the New York bar, wy the ground of his dishonor at the English bar and summary dropping from its rolis, admitted upon motion, and duly announced himself as able and es practice. With the design of ente: Upon sort of Old” Bailey business ere, be courted companionship with the ever-ubiquitous bar of the police court and the general session of It was some little time before be uated from the vigiant precincts of Justice ling and the Tombs into the oyer and terminer. But this he finally did, and the most Teepectabie ponetilionamn vere on the qui vive te bear the leader of the nisi prius bar of Lon- try @ cause involving capital punishment in one of the common law courts of New York. It is enough to say that @ very seuse of disappointment resulted. Mr. James, although no doubt stroug in the abstract knowledge of law,was neither florid nor fluent, but affected in pronunciation and personal manuerisms, not over respectful to the bench, patronising to the fary, voring to browbeat witnesses: was ‘overbearing toward the opposite counsel and his juniors, and succeeded | li r In New York Mr. ogee Bact a and i deen daily seon passing "p sad y—a stalwart, rather rogardiess figure, with broad shoulders and brawny limbs, mutton chops, bandy legs, ® fearless oye and a drawl; followed at his heels bya no means ing bull terrier, which so well- latter, and neither written the countenance of either mau or beast Mr. James was, known to be very ig in the recital of his own experi- e nd in 8 kind of detective description of London life, scenes among the city courts and streets, and the more striking characteristics of some of bis old clients enjoyed the narrative of Warren, bis brother barrister and author of ‘Ten Thousand Year,” although seldom oF never pat his romance upon, paper. mede = attempt to ‘establish imself in busi- ‘ness as an attorney upon his return to Eng- land, but, it is said, had fallen too far into loose habits of life to’ be able to recover the lost contidenee of the community. A. OARRY BALL. The name of Abrabam Oakey Hall calls up many recollections of his brilliant if brief enreer at the eminent bar of bis day and city. Mr. Hall began life xe a writer, contributing to the daily and weekly press and periodicals, his pen carrying him im rapid andlotty flights from the material region of news reports to the _un- real realm of rpmance and melodrama. When district attorney Mr. Hall summed up the famous “‘Hurdell-Cunuingham” case with spirited eloquence and action, de- picting, the scene sud performance of the micide with most realisticand biood-curdling effect, and eliciting the approval of the audi- ence throughout the court reom im @ spon- taneous burst of applause. Mr. Hall was a heartfelt admirer of Charles Dickens, whose broad humanity seemed to inspire him with enthusiasm and a desire of emulation both in book writing and in a {riendly way of looking atlife. He wrote a very attractive little Christ- mas story for his children, which he was prevailed upon to publish under the title of “Old Whiter's Christmas Trot," and in which the affecting portraits of the aged clergyman and his devoted child, aud “the very human indeed” and self-sacri- ficing omnibus driver should hold a genial and acceptable place in literature. Mr. Hall also contributed a numper of holiday tales to the Christmas uumbers of newspapers, pictures of court and jury-room experiences and the in- tricacies and labyrivthine involvements of criminal courses, which are not only highly en- tertaining, but likewise deeply instructive. Lawyer Morrison was a social and genial gentleman of Thespian predilections twenty or twenty-five years ago. At the Clambers Street Theater, where Burton, Brougham, Lester, Blake, Mrs. Russell (Mrs. Hoey), Mary Taylor and Agnes Robertson used then to nightly act, Mr. Morrison brought ont a play of his own com- posing to a less critical than sympsthetic and appreciative house, made up chiefly of his numerous friends and acquaintances, and this agreeable if somewhat amateur presentation of the original drama was x gentine and popu- lar triumph, indeed. ‘THE OLD PARE THEATER. In the society library of New York is an old- fashioned print, musty and moldy and moth. eaten, and in dingy frame, of a benefitnight at the old Park Theater. where Edmund Kean electrified, Fanny Kemble entranced and the elder Matthews convuised their rapt and re- spective audiences. It was the era of box and it—and of an evening when Kean beheld with Joy the pit rise at hiun though be cared not for the boxes. On the rare occasion spoken of such stylish society as is shown forth in quaint old print assembled of a Saturday even- ing at an amateur play professionally produced —the product of the lawyer-playwright’s full and fraitful pen. Thus thinking of the stage brings forcibly to mind the fact that Edwin James performed the wt of Friar Lawrence to Edwin Booth’s meo and the Juliet of Avonia Jones (daugh- ter of the eccentric Count Johannes) at the Winter Garden in Broadway, his reading being impressive and with understanding of the character, but his action ponderous, erude and incorrect. A STORY OF EDWIN FORREST. In the winter of 1865 a startling divorce suit wus brought in New York by a certain fashiou- able persouage of that day, his action being based upon the alleged criminality of the wife with the plaintiff sown brother. The principal evidence offered in proof was a written conies- sion by the base brother as to the commission of the requisite statutory offense. The trial of the cause created a widespread sensation, and great indignation amd ditzust were expréssed on all sides xt the unworthiness of the means re- sorted to in order to obtain the desired divorce. At that time Edwin Forrest was playing an en- agement in New York of forty nights at $1,000 a night. He acted at o's Garden i letropolitan Hotel adjoining. The present writer, after witnessing the performance of “Jack Cade one midwinter evening, was invited to visit the veteran of the sock amd buskin in his rooms in the hotel. Mr. Forrest was seated at @ supper table quite alone, and near him, by the fire, was, John McCullough, who then ‘bis support, his Iago, his ias, his Richmond, his Macduff, and serv- ing a hard apprenticeship tothe higher walks of his profession. The great tragedian glanced over the evening paper and turned the conver- sation'to the engrossing scandal of the hour. Then in a voice of the deepest bass aud with a fervor which he evidently fully felt the swart and burly actor epigrammatically delizered himself of his private and persoual opinion in regard to the heniousners of the informer in the suit, who was generally supposed to have first wantonly ied astray the unfortunate de- fendant and th venary reasons of that too willing plaintiff. Said Mr. in the tragic sof a Bratus stoicaily pro- nouneing sentence of death upon his sou, of the guilty and treacherous brother in question, “He ought to die for theaduitery and damn for the confession.” Whether the transition from the subject of bench and bar to that of the stage is natural or not it may be hard to say, but the random as- sertionhas been made that lawvers are bettér actors than actors are lawyers for the suf reason that the “larger takes in the less,” and consequently that actors are oftener taken in by lawyers than lawyers by sctors—s siander- ous proposition without doubt. Davy GuazaM ADEE. ——_ “Drop a Nickel in the Slot.” i ‘Where automatic indication lies in walt for agi- tation, To Weigh you and reeord it om the spot, “Tis no Usé to hedge or higgte, for the pointer will ot Unies you drop a nickel in the slot. bia If you want from hotel waiter tender steak and good potato, And all the nicest dishes that he’s got, He wilt surely entertain you wi fhe'est that’s on the menu 1 you ouly drop a nickel im the slot. mL oF “sleeper,” in a “ftyer” or & “creeper, Fee the porter for the choicest chair or cot, It secures you the best places, cheerful looks and smiling faces If you always drop a nickel im the slot. Iv. If you want a politician, to secare you a position, And he'd like to, but he Kuows that he camnot— Your surest way to win him, is pot to urge or chin dun, But just you drop a nickel im the slot. v. If you lovesome pretty daughter, and she lets you Know you've caught her, Bat her loving father thinks he'd rather not, Don’t you argue with the “niucou,” just show up 8 habdsome Incuage, we ie ‘That's the way to drop a nickel im the slot. vi. ‘You will find the same variety in all grades of good society, For mouc¥ is the basis of the jot: You can rake in Invitations, "with the entree to most stations, It you only drep & nickel in the slot. VIL. So through life in all your gettings, fortune, fan and al abetuuge ‘That gu to keep s boiling 1n the pot; Its the colm that Bus the ehrism, tostart up the ‘mechanism, 7 ‘You must always drop a nickel in tue slot. —J. HARRY STRDMAK. Bard to Preseribe. Attendant—--The living skeleton is sick.” “Great hgavens! What eile bim.” Attendant—“He’s got o pain, but he’s so thin the | the doctors don't know whether it's cramps or back ache." —Judge. oo Opera Prices—The Whole Story. Inquirer—"Why de se few people come to the Manager—“Becsuse our prices are so high.” Inquirer—“Why do you keep the prices 60 Manager—“Because se few people come.” —Puck (A Kemedy for the Grippe ‘Toke smal) and frequent dosesef Kemp's Balsam DO YOU OBSERVE LENT? ligations of the Present Day. WHAT HAVE YOU GIVEN UP? Many People Consider Lent a Breathing Spell ta the Mad Whit! ef Society—Requirements 1m Other Countries—The Sewing Circle, the (Card Club, the Reading Club and the Prom- enede Club, asd What They Mean. ‘Witten for The Evening Star, HAT HAVE YOU given up during Lent?” ‘The question was pat to 4 Washington so- tion ofhearing of some great piece of self de- nial. Bat the society man twirled his silken blonde mustache and answered serenely that be hud given up noth- ing that he really cared about. “But how about danci : “Oh, well,” was the answer, “of course Ihave had to stop it, because noboly giver dancing Parties in Lent, but, don't you know,ulthough I am very fond of dancing, Iam very giad to get the rest from it that Lent affords.” “How about the dinner parties?” “My dear fellow, Lent is the very season for dinners. Perbaps the large. elaborate dinners are not very frequent, but during Lent people give those quiet little dinner parties which are the most deligh:fal of alt.” JUST A BREATHING SPELL. Tt would really seem to be the case that “in the swim” Lent is not by any means a season wholly devoted to fasting, humiliation and Prayer, for while the real society fishes may “ trom dancing, there is barely anything else that they truly enjoy which is noi made available to them ‘in a greater or less degree. Lent is pre-eminently the time for those small gatherings which enable people to see and make the acquaintance of each othér in « way practically speaking, impossible during and excitement of the senson. Nevertheless, it is safe to say that all people who are “in society” observe Lent. There seems to be a general agreement that large and particularly festive balls) and parties shall not e given then, that it shall constitute a breath- ing spell after the race for pleasure of the winter months and it is a season which is ac- cepted in this country both ax a religious ob- servance and as a social institution. RELIGIOUS OBLIGATIONS. Asan observance which is proscribed by the churches Roman Catholics, Lutherans and Episcopalians are the chief sects in this coun- try with which it is obligatory. Most of the | Protestant sects do not keep it as an obiiga- tion, although a certain amount of self-denial this season is often recommended by these ‘ches and is accepted not only as a se convenience, but as a usefal discipline. The ortuodux Greek church and the other oriental Christian churches observe it moi than any others, cnd in a country hk the proportions of a great n: fast. A traveler in that country would find quite a difference between Russia in Lent and Itussia before or after Lent. ‘Thus, among Roman Catholics, and they may be suid to keep Lent more strictly than any ocher sect in America, mils, butter, cheese and eggs inay be eaten, but the ortholox Greek chareh of Russia does not perm:t such viands. LENT IN RUSSIA. ‘The consequence is that the cooks of that country are hard put to it to serve goo: din- ners, bat a fat purse even there can procure a good dinner, and the nobility do not starve during Lent. They enjoy fish in every con- ceivabie form, cooked, not in vutter, because that ie not allowed, but in olive really preferabie to butter. Shovkeer others ubove the peasantry, but below the no- bility, eke ont a very end tion with smoked salmon, red be salted codtish and the delicious caviarre, which many Washing- tonians are almont as fond of as are the Ru: sians themselves. It is the Russian peasant who nearly starves in Lent. He hashardly any money and lives badly enough at ali seisous, but in Lent be eats what he cam that 1; allowed by his church. He endeavors to make ap tor his want of money by a wise providence,and, we are told, no sooner is one Lent over than he begins to prepare for an- other. He collects mashro: them away, he dries apples and he collects a moderate store of honey. He als meal and buckwheat, and as he not afford sweet oil he cooks iis food in iin oil, and the result is that his dishes are very unpalatable to anybody but himself and his family. He does the best he can, but he ne thinks of disobeying the canons of bis chu: le and he really leads « ard life during the forty days of Lent. STMICT OBSERVANCE IN FORMER YEARS. The Washington society man who is only deprived of dancing during Lent ought to re- flect upon the condition of the Christian world centuries ago, when Lent was astrics observ- ance recognized by law. Although itis quite generally admitted that a change of diet aud a moderate amount of fasting tor forty daysin the spring of the year are good for most systems, itisafact tuat,even in Catholic countries, fasting has decreased in seve steauily, It is of record that in the yeur 633. council held at Toledo, Spain, decreed that any man who ate meat during Lent should be deprived of vegetables during the rest of the ycar—e cruel punishment indeed, when one stops to con- sider how much more of vogetabies one con- umes than of meat. When Charlemagne was running thinys to suit himself he ordered that any subject who broke Lent should suffer death, In Poland, where even to this day the observance of Lent is suid to be very strict, the penalty for not observing Lenten regulations of diet used to be to have all the teeth extracted. Thus was the poor back- slider compelled to eat vegetables ever after- ward. ORIGIN OF THE MARDI GRAS, In point of fuct the Lent of old times was so much dreaded that the French instituted the custom of the Mardi Gras carnival, « modifica- tion of which is celebrated in this country in New Orleans just before Lent every year. It 1s simply a festival and grand pleasure making, for the reason that there isto be no moro pleasure or feasting for forty days. Within the lust 100 years Lent was recognized by French | Jaw, and if an yone wanted to buy meat from | the butchers he must bring a certificate from a reputable physician showing that it was nec- essary for his health and this certificate must be countersigned by the priest of the parish. Even then the subject was regarded with sus picion. Balls, theatrical entertainments and ail similar diversions were put astop to by Jaw. In the Paris of today thero is hardly any perceptible difference between Lent and any Other season of the vear,but it used to be vory different in the days of church domination. THE MI-CARLME. Already, although the mild observance of Lent that prevails in Wasbington bas been with society for hardly ten days, there are many whe are looking forward to the ot of the relaxation which comes in of Lent and goes by the name of mi-careme. For this invention, as for served by the young people of the villages be- fore it reached the yi world of Paris. They call it appropriately’ “a balt in the long period of privations.” It is meant especially as a time for people to have and masq yner- ades and abandon themselves to ove day.of feasting and dancing. Strict church people do not look very favorably upon the micareme male wo brilliant social events on that day. SEWING CIRCLE DIVERSIONS. ciety man by the writer for Tux Stam with the firm expecte- 3 and stores | Then, for there is the week in the evening. As Lent is «serious time of year the difficult and absorbing of whist fe solected, and ‘young girls and men cover Dadly. HaHE that broad « is it delightful tohear her read Othello. You may, too, have a literary society, and the members will prepare papers om important mubjects and read them when the society meets. knowing that you, too, will have opporta- nity to bore the others in rest e THE AVTERNOON PROMENADE. There isa final Lenten occupation without which it would be unfair to mention the sab- ject of Lent, and that is the pleasure of taking an afternoon walk with the girl you want most tosee. A peripatetic courtship is periaps the plenvantest of You can be as absorbed us you choose, or you can skip about fromone subject to another, according as the scene of your rambles varies. You are sure of no interruption. You do,it is true,stand in some danger of having a passer-by overlear some re- mark you make, but you should be on your guard against this, and, if you are careful, 1t Will not cause you any inconvenience. If you get excited and speak too loud, why,you must take the consequences, und you may console Yourself with the rettection that your position in the young lady's parlor would have been just as precarious ag it is on the public streets. ‘Un the whole Lent is # very excellent instita- tion for many reasons. — HOW TO READ THE FACE. There is Much in People’s Features That is Well Worthy of Study. Een I3 AN EXPLODED DE- lusion,” said an anthropologist to a STAR writer. “No sensible person any longer b lieves that it is possible to determine anybody's character or menial faculties by bumps on the head. But the study of the features of the face is progressing’so far that before long it will be regirded as ascience. Certain traits, moral and intellectusl, are plainly reflected in the countenance. Thus we are very commonly able to distinguish an ill-tempered individual. Necessarily, the emotional nature is expressed most clearly by the mouth, which is altered by the operation of the mascles with every change of feoling. In the eye, on the other hand, is found the expression of thought. The boxer or fencer looks not at the weapon of his ad- versury, but at his opponent's eye, in order to see how ths biow or thrnsi iseoming. One easily distinguishos the crafty from the benevo- lent ese. “These are only cradep distinctions, such as every one perceives instinctively and without having maue any study of the subject. But it is possible to go very far besoud this by sys- tematic observ: ere are certain pecu- Kiarities of phywiognomy which stump the per- son who is not trustworthy, and these you find guerated in the fuces of criminals. Often auied by marked abnorm ties. It has already Leen ascortancd th x to go into Look Over the photographs in a gallery and you will discover that, without any experience in such matters, you are ubie to pick out with accuracy the buigiurs and the sneak thieves or pickp , distin gitishing one clas from the other. They rep- resent palpably dificrent crimfnal types. PICKING OUT CRIMIXALS. “Police devectives in a city have no difficulty on a festal day, when the streets are thronged, in goiag through the crow.ls and picking out arrest crooks whom they bave never seen before and who are present for predatory pur- poves. ‘the types f xpeak of are unmistuke- able. They sre difficult to analyze, but cer- tain brate lines are charaeteristic of cach. Iu the thief there is a suggestion of the fox, in the burgiar something of the wolf, aud se on. Com- posite photographs of criminals show these traits in the most pronounced way. Strange to say, however, such portraite—ench taken from twenty or thirty robbers or murderers— obliterate the evil that is stamped upon the individual faces, and present simply types of persons wisose physiognomy indicates « predis- position te commiterune. PREDISPOSITION TO CHIME. “Are individuals born with a predisposition for crime? Undoubtedly the instinct existe in the infant unborn and is transmitted by hered- ity from gencration to generation. An in- stance is referred to by the ceiebrated Dr. Maudsiey of Eugland, where there were gencrations of criminals in one family. ‘The question navurally suggests itself, How far are sued individuals responsible for their actions’ No satisfactory answer will ever be given, but, for its own protection, society is compelled to wage perpetual war against them. Obviously, the most humane method of restraining them is to keep then: in prison, where they ca: do no harm, and so there is only one crime at present which we punish more soverely—namely. deitberate homicide. Only a century ago there were more than a hundred different kinds of offenses which were puuished in England with death, and individuals convicted of no more serious crimes than petty thieving were sentenced to mutilation by the cutting off of their hands or otherwise. In this respect wo have eertasmly grown much more civilized and the time is pretty sure to arrive before loug when no more serious punishment than life imprisonment will be imposed upon murderers. AN INTERESTING sTUDY. “Character being legible in the features of the face there can hardly be a more useful ae well as interesting study than that of the human pbysiognomy. How desirable it would be it we could choose aur friends for the qual- ities we most admire, by the moral graces which their countenance express, viewed from a reasonably exset scicntific standpoint. ‘There are plenty of people evenin the higher walks of life who have criminal impulses which they do not act upon merely because there is no neces- sity which calls them into aetion. For ex- t too comp ample, there is a young man of my acquaint. | 8,000 people ance who isa born sneak thief. 1 can read it in his face as well as if it was written across his forehead, but he had the good for- tune to be born in a rich family, and so he bas never bad any occasion to steal anything. But I should not like to trust him ignorantly as a friend. Every now and ‘whe Lave boom ecaght oplfting. It canply who have been imply means that their criminal impulses have Fe the better of them. Take my word for it, the noblest study ef mankind is man, as Pope says, and, if we would really know people as , we cannot do better to stud; Tiare and meatal attributes in their features.” _——— ‘Washing-day. From Judge. SATURDAY, , ey MOONSHINE WHISKY. How Ungle Sam Keeps a Watch on MOONSHINER AND AGENT. mony provision for the pay of hired informers. ‘The investment is ex- tremely profitable for the government, being returned into the treas- ury ten thousand fold. Just at this season the detective service of the internal revenue, by which the cash is expended, is more active than at any other time in the year. Its business is to ferret out illicit distilling, which is reckoned to cost Uncle Sam $500,008 a year in the moun- tain regions of the southern states alone. The officers are uaually led to the stills secretly by persons acquainted with their location, $50 being given to the guide for each whisky fac- tory thus made known. Such informers, who are mysteriously designated in the treasury ac- counts as “form 10 men,” are very commonly murdered in revenge, a8 was #0 recently the case with @ whole family massacred by the notorious moonshiner fanatic Sims and his Bang. In CONSTANT DASORR. Some notion of the dangers encountered by the revenue agents in this sort of work may be got from the fact that during three consecutive years twenty-five of them were killed and forty-nine wounded. They are obliged literally to take their lives in their Lands while travel- ing about among the rocky fnstnesses where mooushine distilling finds its chosen retreats. In that country government officersare regarded with sach hostility that to wear bine clothing is | to seriously risk being shot st. They can never tell at what moment while on tbe road a tusilade of builets may not greet them from ambush. It is always in some particularly inaccessible spot that the unlawful whisky mill is to be found, whether perched upon a cliff ensily defended by two oF three persons against a score of assailants, secluded in « cavern under ground or hidden amid thick woods in @ detile between hills so lofty that the curling smoke tells no tale to the keeu-eyed hunters after for- bidden alcoholic stimulants. A SIMPLE OUTFIT. It is m such a locality as the one last men- tioned that the moonsluner usually sets up his little factory. There be finds » mountain streamlot or a cool spring. which supplies him with the prime and indispensuble essential for his Vusiness—namely, coi water. The process of distilling spirits is so simple and requires so litile capital for the purchase of a plant that any one who has a few ol Such apparatus as the employs is of the sitapiess description. A | copper kettle and a co:! of metal tubing is about ail he needs, together with a few wooden casts. He fills the latter with ordinary corn- meal, ground at the nearest mull, aud pours upon itsome spent beer. ‘The imsxture fer- ments, and mash" is dumped bs the pailful into the ke ‘There itis heated with tire and the al cobol passes over im the form of scpor turouga. the coil of tabing, which is earvou..ued by coid water. The cold condenses it into a liquid and comes out of the other end of the tube in the shape of what is teried “low wines.” Then it is subjected again to the same process, thus becoming “high wines,” or whisky. MANY STILLS DEBTHOYED. Bix hundred and ninety-eightsuch stills were destroyed last year by revenue agents. The men who owned them were very far from re- 5 that-thoir business involved any moral ueney. lt must be understood that the regurd this mutter is very different irom the aspect of the case inlaw. “ihcy argue thut every free citi- zen basuright to mike a living for uunself and his famuy in any way that he can, so iong ay he does not steal or trample upon the riguws of vthers. Aw they cousider,u» man can fisily | be deprived of the privii hus own grain any prodact tuat he pleases and selling it Accordagly, it i not surprising that these ignorant wid bali-civilized people should detend, even with vio.ence, their prop- erty trom destruction by Uniced States oficers, who coms armed into their mountain bomes andecutto pieces their apparatus, ruin their business and eurry them off to prison. THEY ARE 4 POVERIY-SIBICKEN PEOVLE, depending mainly upon the cultivation of smali patches of ground for their subsistence. ‘Yo illustrate their wretchedness Capt. Davis, the famous moonshine raider, telis a story of one of these mountaineers whom he found in the act of driving « bog out of iis potato patch. ‘The man wus accomplishing this purpose by wheeling a dog in a wheelbarrow after the hog. Upon explanation it appeared that the dog was too starved to be able to walk, but was stall in condition todo the barking. Wages im that region ure only about 50 ceutsaday. ‘ihe tax on whisky being 90 cents a gullun, if the illicit distiller only produces one gallon a day he cau hire w farm hand to do his work for bal! » doi- lar and yet have 40 cents clear gain by devot- ing his own attention to making spirits trom corumeul ‘The ouly difficulty is to sell the product, which must be disposed of with ex- traordinary precautions. No purchaser is ever permitted to approach the still, and anybody who comes upou it by chance is requested to Stir the mash, light the tire or do some such task, being informed thereupon that “any one who assists in ualawfal ‘distilling is liable to the same punishment as the proprietor.” ‘This ie a safeguard against informers. DIFFICULTY OF LOCATING THE STLLS. Whon the governmeus first bogan operations against illicit distillers great difficulty was ex- perienced by revenue agents employed in the work. ‘The people were nearly all in sym with the Fates and informers —— commonly murdered, though the retr:bution je Of inaking trou meted out to them sometines went no further | than the whipping of themselves and their fam- ilies, the burning of their houses and barns and’ the killing of their stock. In such in- | {2 stances it was but rarely that the persons guilty of the outrages were punished. Under these conditions it was by no means easy to locate the whisky mills, Nevertheless, within five years, from 1877 to 1881, 5,000 stills were seized and | were arrested for conducting them, Kris be reckoned that, the average, each produced five gallons a day, it willbe seen how enormous was the loss of revenue to Uncle Sam. However, public sentiment underwent chauge. It came to be realized that an unlaw- ful still was f samyd sure to demorasize an} munity for isheppens thas information at osent ia ‘ob- tained with comparative ease, business ia suffering accordingly. TN REMOTE MOUNTAIN FASTNEeNES. i Sgreatextent in the more remote mountain fastnesses. At the foot of « certain tree the Wns cee throngh the vered eleven illicit were lormance, Mr. Atkinson his subordinates who was known never to fail when he levelled his rife for a shot. The ex; that the distance was It others supposed, took aim, and at the crack sbiner leaped several feet t, remarking simply Erp 4 |them through « crude fanning of bis gun the moon to haven't done nothin’ myself that's pecked prisoner was promptly dis Ympathy of the court. MOONSHINERS IN AMBUSE. ‘The method usually adopted by moonshiners im attacking revenue officers is in ambush. Along the roads which wind through the moun- tain defiles shelter exists at every hand for No sooner do the go agents make their appearance in a horns is sounded from hilltop to hilltopand soon all the country around resounds with warning blasts. It is like the beating of the war drums by the savages in Africa, who thus communicate from settlement to settle- ment along the rivers the news that strangers Supposing that the icularly lawless, as in some parts of North Carolina, bodies of mei kaklux ‘with oaths quickly gather an hostilities. Sometimes they gurr fied stills and defend them to the death. Hundreds of pitched battles between raid. ing parties and these mountaineers have taken place im the south within tho last few years, the fizhting bein sperate description. filled with thrilling accounts of duels fought single-handed between revenue agente and outlawed distillers. Obviously, the quality of whisky produced by the moonshiners is the worst conceivable. It is sold and drauk fresh from the ‘till, and the intoxication produced by it is madness. To its deleterious effects are chiefly due the ferce fends between families, constituting a game of progressive murder, which, carried on through generation after generation, have made the region described famous for atrocious deeds ‘Three bushels of corn meal being ordinarily exchangeable for one gullou of “eorn the Lusvancdand father will often barter she last of bis iamily's provisions tor liqaor. ILLICKE DISTILLING IN THE NORTH, By no micans ail of the illicit distilling is done Te same business is carried on in the north under conditions which render iteven more dificult to deal with, In New charged, with the SOME MYTHS ABOUT MINING ‘The Horrible Ladder Dwarf and the Story of @ Valley of Gold. MONG THE STRANGE AND WEIED demons and bogies which are believed | by minere te haunt the workings underground | S#hing campsand put through the proces not the least horrible is the “Ladder Dwarf,” said a former prospector to a Stax writer. never saw the creature myself, but he is de- soribed as bunch-backed, with @ short body, large head and enormously long and powerful arms. In fact, be resembles an exaggerated Gorilla. His favorite trick is climbing the lad- ders by mesns of which the miners leave tie mine, raising himself with his long arms, and, as he passes the rungs. kicking them out one by one. He is supposed to always do this just be- fore an accident of some kind in the mine. “‘In the mines ot Mexico formerly the descent ‘and ascent of the shafts were made by the aid of tree trunks with notehescutout of them, in the laborers rested the armed outiaws, are approuchiug. make preparations for usually of the most yin ‘was believed to have on each big toe a ith which he would gouge out the pieces on which the feet of the miners rested. According to either legend the fiend left the ladders or tree trunks after hav- ved their neefuiness, to tantalize the unfortunate men who were thus imprisoned. Another Mexican supersti among miners in that country, reiates to the is of serpent is per- fectly harmless and is very handsome, being green in color with « golden iridescenoe in its Faith is entertained that wherever a gold svake makes its nest there is ledge con- taining the precious metal, and there are many age nail or claw, tion, Very common for ten minutes they are spread out to dry pon bare ground. One such shrimp yard at Hunter's Point is about fifteen acres in extent, The Chinese ase brooms shaped somewhat like hoes for spreading the sbrimps and to ture them at the required intervals. “After being thoroughly dried to the san en out ap bee Ab ~ me crushed by being trodden upon by the men in wooden shore. ‘This heovessloawens Meats from the shells, which latter are re- moved by shaking ina basket or by paming meats and sLells are then packed in sacks for exportation to China, wlere the meats are sold for food and the sbeils a: tilizer for tea plants, ric classes of people i sot the meats, al- though regarding them as inferior te the native shricips, which are comparatively scarce and proportionately dearer. meats and sheiis are fed to fowls, with remarkable egg-produe- ing results on oh “After each day's shrimp fishing, part of the catch is taken alive to the Sun Francisco mart, where the shrimps seil for about 10 cones pound. All that cannet be sold at short powies in the city of country are takes back to } boiling and drying for shipment abroad. The export trade is entirely coutrolied by Chinese merchants, who forward the shrimps to Hoag Kong asa distributing center. In 1888 sueb ex- Portations amounted to 76,060 pounds of meats. valned at 6 and 3.542.200 pounds of shells, valued 5.452. Be you see that this Lie fisbery is not such & affair. ABALONE FreMiNG. “Another interesting fishery prosecuted by the Chinese on the Pacific const ie for sbalones, ler itand pry it off; but, if alarmed, sbute down ite valve, so that i can only be removed by breaking it to pieces, The meats are taken trom the shells and boiled om shore in vats made of sheet iron. Shells and meats are then packed in macks and forwarded to San Franciseo, wh most of the meats are exported to China France, the latter bet beautiful mother-of- “Squid are caught im great quantities ‘ cured for export. No salt rpose. They are simply dried in sun, and, after being thus prepared, are: in bundles and covered with matting, package containing about 135 pounds. resent by steamer ‘to San Francisco, ¢ buik of them are forwarded to the f e F E = +4 s i E f tg Ha ie fit miners who will locate a claim st once if they find a gold snake. ‘THE MOTHER OF GoD. “The story of the famons treasure of the ‘Madre d'Oro’ is an old one. the Aztecs of Mexico. Somewhere eastern Arizona there is # smail valle tive miles long and two miles wide, wailed in by towering mountains. Tho sides are so pre- cipitous that itis impossible to clim> down ‘them, and there is only one entrance, through a cave, which is carefully bidden by Indians, who guard the treasure for the of Mentezuma. It is said that even amoug them the entrance is only known to the three most aged men, and is never communicated ex- ‘on the death of one, it is the knowled; The valley itself, York city a few years ago the unlicensed manu- iacture of rum had become an industry of rge proportions The cheapest grade of ses, known as “black strap,” was utilized As a rule the stills were 8 COLNecting them with the odors of the processes The slop and refuse were by pipes underground into the Often these wills were ia soap and bone factories, which people rally kvep aloof from because of ess of the swells they produce. Frow 1866 to_ 1872, wuen the tax ou spirits Tanged from 75 ceuts as high as €2.a galion, a mualutude of such unlawful enterprises sprang up in the metropolis and its viciuity, centering rwares of Brooklyn. | Produced, by them sold iu the market as low as 1a gallon, which implied a considerable say- gtothe consumer as well asa Tt comes from en this has gone iar enough the _—— keeping of an another. surrounded by inhospitable rocks, Watered by the stream whictt flows through it sts soil is covered with flowers and beautizal trees, through the branches of | | whieb dit bright-ucd birds. The only reptiles seen are the gold snakes, with their glittering greenixh yellow scales, “Stretching weross the valley from one side | to the other is a ledge of pure gold, its masses of virgin motal gleaming and_glistening in the five fect, ten fect, The gold ines ta, embedded in THu FIVE BRADYS. The industry was mainly controlled by five brothers aamed Brady, who were remarkably ing of their goods thrc&g: government seut 1,30) ax it was called, ou the Brooklyn river ke up the orgauized business. rady established a liceused recti- fying house at the foot of Gold strce:, througis which they piaced on the market quantities of mounshine whisky It ix said to be fifty tect, 100 feet wide. | great veins and nog; quartz, the sharp augles of which giitter in the wunlight like gigantic dinwonds. 4 | ledge the stream flows, forming a little water- | ‘fall, below which ghe nuggers seen in the water and out. gold m the scales of the snakes, stream, gold in the birds, gold, is the retrain of the golden story. ITS DMAGINARY LOCATION. “The fearful precipices which surround the d Stats regulars and ili, which had beca making §4..0ns Of wpitits a day for several months. J, the Bradys next bet up Not at all discoura hb islands and China Sea moss is also y the i i THE ENORMOUS COST OF WAR, An Array of Figures That ts Simply Astea- tehing. Frow the Torente Mail. It appears, according to the estimates ef French and German statisticians, there have Perished in the wars of the last thirty years 2,500,000 men. while there Las beem expended to carry them on no less than the inconesivable sum of €13,000,000.000. Of this amount France has paid nearly €3,500,000,000 as the cost of the war with Prossia, whilo ker lovs im men ie placed at 155,000. Of these 80,000 were killed on the field of battle, 36,000 died of sickness, accidents or suicide, and 20,000 in German prisons, while there died from other causes enough to bring the number ap to the gives | aggregrate, ‘The sick and wounded amounted to 477,421, the lives of many thousand of whem were doubtless shortened by their illness or injuries. According to Dr. Roth, a Ger- man authority, the Germans lost during [the war 60,000 men killed of fone dered —_imvalid and = €600,000,000 moncy, this being the excess of expenditure or | of material losses over the #1,250,000,000 | by France by way of indemnity. De. Engel, another German statistician, gives the follow- | ing as the approximate cost of the wars of tho last thirty years: Crimean war, | $2,000,000,000; Ttalian wat of 1859, #800, Fruaso-Danish war of 1664, 985,000,000; war rebellion — north. €5,100,000, 000.000: Pruseo-Austrian pe 9 $330,000,000; Kasso-Lurkixh war, €135,000,000, South Airican wars, ©,770,000; African ae capacity ou the Hudson shore, place, the strange ceremonies and horrid ban- quets which have served to keep the secret safe, the wide of Aztecs, living only to pre- serve for their mysterious ruler thi house of nature, bave ail aided in gi story its strange interest. Small won that the pulse should quicken and the eye grow bright as you hear the tale from the lips of men who more than hal sloop which was found to be couveyiug quanti- ties of molasses up the river. ment agents raided it at uight, lauding from a tng with two boat loads of deputy collectors, deputy marshals and policemen. Capt. G. W. Witox. at present astistant commissioner of interual revenue, located in Wasuiugton, who Was oue of the three officers mentioued, tells the story of the adventure very amusingly. AX EARLY MORNING RAID. | estimates, The if believe it. The lonely | tions cost $20,000,000 and 65,000 lives. ‘ibere desert surrounding you, with the tall cacti : in the half-moonlight; the 12,250,000. Servo-Buleartan, $176,000,000, | these wars were murderous in the extreme. 4 The Crimean war. in which few Hi fought, cost 750,000 lives, only 50,000 less | south, during the war of the _Ures, it must be remembered, are Germaa, | were Lilled or died of their ==. “ag might notagree precisely with the American i Xcnicun and Chinese expeat- looking like ghosts tong-drawn ‘holy of the coyote’s Lowi, the Grease wood, the men with | and Austria. In the other wars the loss of iife ing and quaint language, all | was relatively less, which did not make either vanish as you listen, and in imagination you | the men or money easier to the valley, in more limited areas where they occarred. Amd ‘Mother of | this ie buts part of the epee Sy oe * “We landed at about 2 o'clock in the morn- ing and marched in a body to the attack of the suspected building,” he said. window, through which some From within, though it was covert with eftce With one stroke of the ex which carried I broke the window open upon the sill, intending. with pistol in call upon all the inmates to surrender or be shot. Unluckily my weight caused the ricket; window frame to break from its fastenings with pisto! and ax mm my hands, I fell headlong, window sasb, fifteen feet to ‘The racket I created Their rough cloth “T hastened toa are to the won: which fe the “Madre Oro,’ the Gold.’ | does not include the millions e: “Nor are they content to tell the story as an the last twonty yoars in maintaining the Indian cite instances of white armaments of the Luropean ‘the losses Place, who have de- | caused by stoppage of commerce and manufac in some way and re- | tures and the continual derangement of indum ld they could carry. The | tries by the abstraction from useful men who Tove ween the scended into the valle: turned with all the g location of the spot is Indian country. Ihave been told twice that it was in the Chircabus mountains. It is always said to have been found merely by accident, by men who were either hunting or prospect- the floor of the: was simply astounding. It seemed to me as if everything about me bad fallen to piece. The glass jingled, the barrels rolled, barked,and maybe you think dear life. There ners didn’t run miles in every direction. Thus | 22 | tacuity, and I infer that your behavior I the party would seem clearly to indicate that [have been 1 could not exercise that | iy i s28 Ei supervision should have done, perhaps, but 1 have training. aE i i i 3 ii ib et it al i t Ly & } | Ls iid I F f 4 F, f | Jtalian war of 159i and the war between Prussia ment of so mauy taillions of persons held tor @ period of military service extending from theeg to five years. The Mope of His O14 aga From the Chicagy Tribune. “It bas cost me $7,500 to carry you college, Hiram, but Idon's regret ih A, ‘education, my boy, is the right foundation for success in life. The well-preserved of man leaned bask im his chair and looked with pride on the yout who stood before him. “No matter what calling or may adopt,” he continued, “Bre mnothclge you bave acquired and the mentel "assented the young mam ing, the “I bave never bad any complmnts from erally satisfactory. Absorbed in business as over you that a wa to the good effects of carly