Evening Star Newspaper, January 16, 1892, Page 12

BURYING THE DEAD. Curious Methods Adopted by Various Peoples for Mortuary Purposes. QUEER KINDS OF MUMMIES. The Art of Embalming From Ancient Times Until Now—How Nature Does It—Burying he Water and im Living Sep- | y Wlehers—The Famous Towe that ravens and other carrion-cating birds a over his head. § MONG THE HOR-| jostly erected for the bodies of old men who rs stored awayin od aummies of hu: Chins and faces drawn into the most fri majority of these mummies are of this continent, ani doubtle: y of them are u Several tribes of Indians in times past were accustom methods for the prese: upon a arms ex! by the bo Sentinels relieve each other at appointed inter- wild dogs will not touc gave rise to these practices} can only be mised. It is known that the ancient E entertained a notion that, after a period of many thousands of years, the souls of the de- | fanct returned into the same bodies in which | they had lived, provided that the corpses re- | For this reason renllering dead bodies the tombs intended for the: conceivable effort for secu: permanence was expended. CERTAIN INDIAN CT! The Santee Indians of said to have dead by removing Keeping the la:ter ¢: ruptible, and upoa reception every solidity and human sacritic tomed at reguiar periods to coll savace might, perhaps, p. enitors fora nin precions heirloom ex: 3 Wus resorted to A differen | and is se fond of di some comp Among the peoples of antiq throwing them into the sea, by si water courses and by setting them aflo: Boats. The Ichthy lived in o region bord they f selves into the nessee formerly made a pract | their dead ito the rivers. "In Africa people of | the tribe called Obongo take the | running stream, which has been previously di- verted from it course. A deep grave is dug in | the bed of the stream, the body is placed in. it and covered over, IES aH ON TEE NORTHWEST coast. Tp to a compa: corpses of rich or «lis ‘the Indians of cerated, dried, p §rass matting and susp some convenient rock sheiter. however. a prepared body was placed in a lif like position, dressed an a in some congenial occu} fishing. sewing, & treated were also placed ft they were pursuing, the huuter be ia his wooden armor and enormous ma:k 0° Weapons were merely fac similes im wood of the | articles represented. THE ETHIOPIANS AXD THEI DI ‘The father of history, Herod: Mmaczkable description of the man the Ethiopians were accustomed to : stored to its natu arse. Hist tively recent period the | Alaric was buried in a si an nguished persons among | year 410 A. D., at Cosenca in Calabria. The northwest coa Jed above ground in | . s, gives a re- Within a hollow column made of crystal, whic! material they dug up inclosed, the corpse was its nearest surviving rx which it was buried. , Feadily ‘letermined whether a y the house of | cated by natural ea: latter o ten happens. F of people who have been lost in mummified and dried to o sbranken blackness. Many tribes of Indians, even at the present y their dead in hollow logs, which ins, instead of pu Sometimes trees halves are hol- It is known aark were ac- the river sons who had been concerned in preparing the romantic sepulcher. ‘Skull valley,which Lake desert, gets it skulls which have been the custom practic of burying their dead in springs, sinking them ith stones. Inaemuch lowed out to receive that the ancient pec eustomed to em for mortuary par: COVERED WiTu Szars oF xoRTAR. In the year 1821 a farm: er named McDowell the Cherokee: Bubseqiently evine of which revealed baman arm, evident Yestigation brought ing th any other. Up tothe pre: comm, with mu spread acovering of mc built a hot five, which baked the mor formed it in after the corpse rand on this was Many curious the burial © those cf American I quently placed food wi it was considered. ve gether & misfortune Fiver, furnishing also a cake composed of flour end honey wherewith to appease the fury of | Cerberus at the gate of hades. voured by wild animals would not be entire tion of the f | wiich the Parsees of ‘The: Hull in bouab: except Parsee: and filled trees. Five in number are the towers, built of black granite. twenty-five feet in stiallest of them w when the Parsees first settled in sombay, an: is used only for a certain family. A siath | tower of square shape stands aloue, and is only used for criminals, parapet of each tower TREE BrEraL. josquito Indians of Central America dead beneath the floorsof their houses. Certain tribes on the northwest coast Utilize as receptacles for corpses large wooden chests, which tre usually piiced ou low plat- forma. west dis in trees and upon high scaffolds, partly to keep them from being devoured by beasts and partly also for the sake of exposing them advan- any of the red-skinned people of the pose of their cadavers by putting them zeously to the mummifying effects of the dry ‘Tree burial was not uncommo: ions of antiquity. ‘The ancient Tartars and thians enveloped their dead in sacks of skins and hung them to trees. In some parts e8 dispose of corpses by hem oa platforms and in trees, 60 as t them from wild dogs: them does not seem to trouble the sur “in the least. It often happens that the ‘y is informed by the ens that the body of a lying in the branches ich aerial sepulchers are aking of disturbed IN AUSTRALIA. natural death; but warriors who in battle are ‘treated very diffe are placed in aseated at latform, the le der the platform and kept for ten days or more, during the wh ich time the friends and mourners femain yand are not permitted to speak. heir d being to see hot suffered to go out. Having been sub- prolonged smoking process the ered hard and mummy like, so that it. Itremains sitting 2 the platform for two months or so and is then taken down and buried, tion of the skull, which is cup for the nearest relativ with the excep- ade into a drinking MOURNING OBSERVANCES. ‘The cutting of MMfiras a mourning observ- ce is of very great antiquity, and among the ancients whole cities and countries were shaved when a great man died The Persians not only shave them €8 on such occasion ame process to their dome: to within a very few years th e accus pf any mmportant personage by , and the same practice is tsof Africa. At but extend ‘ic animals. of tribe of In- ro Wwas ac ct_and clean of those persons whe had died du niervening time, interring the lined with choi of wood, stone or eart! b immense ti ins of nations, which ail parts of this country ging into with irrevercut to a law enforced among aborigines a widow is always with her for four the bones of her dead husband, inclosed ippi r atiqu in a casket, AQUATIC BURIALS. the practice common of disposing of the dead by ‘ing them in phagi, or fish cate ig on the Persia mentioned by Ptolemy as having the mi of invariably committing their corpses ing the obligations they bitans. According to mous lotus caters w bout to die threw them- a. The Cherokees of Ten- of throwing e same authority the d themselves daver to a as channels for convey the receptacles into the well and to the drains below. of many generations of Parsves commin tremely hortible, oflicers and conceived the mai might not_contamin: souree of danger to su point of v finally the stream is re- says that ilar manner in the erred their king with a pro- jous amount of treasure. Then they turned se and killed all per- a part of the great Salt me from the number of n found there, owing to 4 by the Gosh-Ute Indi 8 these springs are aded upon for water supply the habit in n isnot a particularly agreeable one. ten people have been obliged to dig out ‘ons of Indians from the mud at the Lottoms of springs in thatcountry before using the water. CANNIDALISTIC PRACTICES. Tartars of old are said to have made a e of eating their dead, strangling the aged for this purpose when they were thought ¢ survived the peri thas been nd Britons devoured the defunct,esteem- mode of disposal more honorable than m is known to be fi ica. particularly Lions, but th people kan b ceremony ‘the Timber Indians used to bury therr dead cting for the pur- ev left the corpses ured by beasts or prey. A similar custom is suid to have followed by the ancient Persians, who out the bodies of their dead on the roads. Were promptly devoured by wild beasts houorable and alto- actory, otherwire it was esteemed Le Parthians and Medes pur- xd the same method iu disposing of their having a Lorror and aversion for the idea tion and decomposition. Also they rtained the notion that persons thus de- ‘owed by many tribes the Funs, who num- 1s adopted only with aud chiefs being buried ¥ ab least a partial sort of es hich ate them. Probably n that the Huctrians and me purpose, ceived the attention, because it was but wouid enjc a the crea that strong and healthy frames to dwell in. Dr. H. C Yarrow gives a wonderful deseri ous “Towers of Silence,” in is bury their dead e towers are erected on the top of Malabar ich is barre at all jen is beautifully kept h Howering shrubs and palm bout forty feet in diameter and ‘The oldext and built about 200 years ago, The poet's friend Worid-vanguisne: Whose kingdom's bounded by the horiz« 1 souls of the deceased | ‘Though wholly destitute of ornament the powesses stra- ordinary coping, which fustantly attracts and fascinates the gaze. It 1g a copimg formed not of stone, but of living vultures. Theso birds are ordinarily seen ranged side by side in frtrar ed esi ened] TN THE SOCIAL SWIM. BR EE ms The Young Man Who Works for a Living and Also Dances. TOWERS OF SILENCE. parapet of each tower, with their heads point- ing inward. So motionless are they whife rest- ing from their hideous banqucts that they might be imagined to be carv stenework. Within the parapet of each tower is a sort of floor divided into seventy-two com- partments, with a well inthe middle. Those compartments are arranged in concentric rings, separated from each other by narrow A out of the izes of stone, which are grgoved so as to act ng all moisture from No one is allowed to enter the towers except the corpse bearers, nor is any one permitted within thirty feet of the immediate precincts. Of atypical Parsce funeral Mr. Monier Williams writes as follows: A TYPICAL PARSEE FUNERAL. “While engaged in conversation near the towers a sudden stir among the vultures made us raise our heads. At least a hundred birds collected around one -of the towe: show sym swooped cause of this sudden abandonment of their pre- vious apathy soon revealed itself. A funeral was seen appr of a deceased person, whether rich or poor, the body is always carried to the towers by the official corpse bearers, the mourners wall ing behind. began to ms of excitement, while others from neighboring trees. The hing. However distant the house “The funeral I witnesed was that of a child. The body was wrapped in a white sheet and placed in a metal trough. When the two corpse bearers reached the path leading by a steep in- cline to the door of the tower the mourners turne houses. ‘The two bi the tower, reverent child into the interior, and unseen by any one jaid it uncovered in one of the stone receptacles nearest the central well. In the ontermest circle of the'stone receptacles ar» placed the bodies of males, in the middle circle those of females, and in the inner circle nearest the well those of children back and entered one of the prayer cra unlocked the door of conveyed the body of the “Presently the bearers reappeared with the empty trough and white cloth, and scarcely had they closed the door when ‘a dozen vultures swoo} by others In tive minutes ‘more we saw the satiated birds fly back and lazily settle down upon the parapet. ‘Chey had left nothing be- hind but a skeleton. In a fortnight or so the bearers returned, and, with gloved hands and d down upon the body, rapidly followed cuts resembling tongs, piaced the dry ‘on in the central water. ‘There the bones t resting place, and there the dust ing Duropean point of view he dead seems so ex- look upon it in quite opposite. ‘Th that the plan devised by their prophet Zoroastex, wh 000 yeurs ago. He was the greatest ‘of tem to be the one of the decaying re- in order that they the earth and be a vors. In a sanitary assert, nothing can be more ce even the rain water which wash thod of buryin ted for ge of human bein; the bones is conducted by channels into beds of purifying charcoal.” ad Waitten for The Evening Star. Nicotian Koundels. 1.—THE PIPE OF Peace. ‘The Pipe of Peace let us with all our foes Smoke, and all hatred in our bosoms ceaset O'er couneil hall a soothing odor throws ‘The Pipe of Peace. Let the mad world in its tumultnous prease Smoke it, and think what man to his brother owes, And vow no more to wound him or to fleece. Let nations smoke it, come no more to blows, But take mild measures—Iot "t soon release ‘The prisoner, banish war and all its woes—— ‘The Pipe of Peace. 2—THE PorT’s FRIEND. Amicam vatibus herbam i as wae ee Agegredior. ‘Tuortvs: Hymuus Tabact. ‘The herb to poets friendly is my theme. though the Green leaf as worthier some commend, ‘Yet thankless they who do not praise ‘The poet's friend! For thou, tobacco, thou dost lend A spell his drooping heart to raise, And into darkness light to send. He cons with thee his sweetest lays; ‘Thou pleasure dost h solace blend, ‘Through lonely nights and tollsome days ‘The poet's friend, 3.—KING TOBACCO. The greatest king that e’er ruled o'er man Is he whose praise I have essayed to sing, our herb Nicotian— ‘The greatest king, The red folk of the west first conquering, In how short time all nations he o'errany And round all tribes his chains of smoke did fling! ) No conqueror more beloved since tfme began, For sweet the slavery he is wont to bring, spaa— ‘The greatest king. 4—TER CIGARETTE. ‘The cigarctte—a smoking taste unripe May on this slender thing high value set, But who would choose, if he can puff a pipe, ‘The cigarette? With it at times fair ladies may coquette; For manly fingers ‘tis too small to gripe; *Twixt bearded lips it seldom should be met. Who that can have roast beef would dine on tripe? Or who drink beer if he strong wine can get? Cigars are well, but trom their list I wipe ‘The cigarette. —W. L. Suogmaxer. ———_. Washington Social Life. Julian Hawthorne writes: try. It is free from the provincialism and artificiality of Boston; it has not the hide- bound conversatism of Philadelphi: that mixture of the millionaire, the stock broker and the effete ‘old family” that querades in New York. Here are variety, Lcity, and numbers of the cleyerest péople of our own and of foreign lands’ You live where and you can watch the pro- cesa. ‘The men’s hats, as a rule, measure be- tween seven and eight, and have something tiem. ‘ihe women, of course, are charming. he conversation is emancipated from the trammels of business; nobody talks business, neither do they emit’ the inane fashionable drivel which the smart folks in some large cities regard as the proper thing to regale one another withal Men and measures ure here discussed intelligently; art, ecience and lite ture in moderation; you will hear two old gen- tiemen chatting about events of past history in their sections: you will hear; stories of the war at first hand, and anecdotes of famous field days in the Senate and the House. ‘The British rinister, if you ask him what attitude Engiand will assume in case Russia seizes t Dardaueiles, will assure you that lawn tennis is the true end of man; a member of the Chi- nese embassy will forget to dwell upon massacres and rebellions, but is eager to hear more about the Australian ballot system; the | representative from France will tell you that Awerican girls are born Parisians. Nothin; is run into tue ground; no topie is allowe to become hackneyed, everything seems light and smiling; and yet, when you get home fter the reception, and review the episodes of the evening,you find that you have heard some- thing, seen something, learned som ‘that you could not have got at elsewhere. Under the semblance of mere relaxation you have been cultivating your mind.” Spacer—“When a man’ together how would “Liner—“You f THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON D.C. SATURDAY, JANUARY 16, 1892-SIXTEEN PAGES. ceited society man, as a good observer of men and manners observed to the writer recently. is the rule, and a modest ono is ¥. tional; but then, he added, harmless play such an unim- portant part in the serious business of life that ive them for thinking well of en it is considered how few ple there are in the world who share opinion. This is apt to be the fate of conceited who know a great deal know too pecmitethemsel ves to show they are But, then, if Washington is so jolly nowa- it is not only because of the 6 the swim up on Capitol Il and exciting too, and, as the time goes is not improbable that it will require the men who aro in it to do with very little sleep. | What, after all, can be worse th. n to be routed out of bed in the dead of the ni deputy sergeant-at-arms and carried House of Representatives, there to be abused and chided merely for taking the rest that nature themselves w! men, for men who HARD WORK FOR PLEASURE. ‘The Tax on the Clerk Who is inthe Swim— The Three Stages of Social Life—The Tea the Dancing Man and the Dinner Man—A Course of Life Which Requires a Strong Constitution. HAT IS THE JOLLI- est city in America ‘in ng f He has his admiring coustituents, who like to hear him talk when they come on He has his pet schemes talk a groat deal ‘The question was put by the writer for Tar Star toa man who has | lived everywhere and answer was given without any hesitation. It may be remarked in- cidentally that be is not booming anything in particular and has no real estate to sell. y “Washington, of course, Talk about the Paris of America! this is the only place that approaches Paris. This is the only city where it is really gay. There is more going on in a week here than most cities have Not theaters and public amuse- although you have all of those, ing is what I" mean. seems to bo determined to have a Washington, and it really seems bt Why, you in Wash- ‘ington don't begin to realize the future that is It is olready the most to the capital. to urge at all times, and it is doubtful if there is an ‘The truth of the matier is that the swim in the city is at its awiftest rate now. quieter toward spring and in the summer sweeps to the regions of the summer resorts, but now is the time when the cities have their and the eyes of all man- the eyes of the United States aro innings, so to speak, kind are turned toward them. 60,090,000 of mankind in the turned toward Washington. ——_———__ QUEER WILD FOLKS, Facts About the Savage Botocudos and Their Interesting Ways. “The Botocudos of Brazil are among the most interesting savages in the world,” said an ethnologist toa writer for Tue Stan. “Although in various parts of the world distend their lips and ears with wooden plugs for ornamental purposes Indians of this Taco carry such practices to an unparalleled extreme. The piercing of the fiesh for this performed when the child is about seven years of age, a sharp spine from a kind of palm being used as a surgical instrament. Openings having thus been made in the low r lip and lobe of each ear bits of wood serted to keep them from heuling, bigyer and bigger picces being substituted until the plugs attain a diameter sometimes of as much as four ‘These plugs are cut from a tree which quite as light as cork and of a white coior. They are three-quarters of an ments so much te eutertainin other wild peop! in store for your city. beautiful capital in the world, bat I tell that in a little time it will be simply a mary You are going to show the world what the young republic ean do in the way of producing & beautifal city with a life different from that of any other city and far ple: B hardly exaggerated the fact, for at the presont time there is no probab: ity of moss growing { the good people of the city honse to house and from party to party, but whether you rollin a cari: wil gathor no moss on y time for that. for agood many peopie just no young man who will go to all the ties, and who must, nevertheless, go to his of- fice every day and make the money that keeps him alive, hes a pretiy and the poor THE LIP ORNAMENT. in the lip is worn most of tho time, but is from time to time removed, when the lip hangs in a hideous loop of flesh looking like a great worm and the teeth in a horrible grin. the pressure of the plug ngainst lower front teeth pushes them out of place and causes them to fall out, thus adding to the un- When the plug is in position, the features being in repose, it is carried hori- zontally, a smile causing it to touch the tip of In quarres the perforated ears and d it is no uncommon “The wooden ard time of it. A VICTIM OF Taz GERMAN, The writer happened to enter the office of one of these young fellows the otier day and overheard a conversation that was going on. Another young gentleman had just entered the office and the occupant thereo! his head resting im his arms and his arms rest- The appearance presented n, but a deep leas Bt as sitting with | Peasant effect ing on his desk. was one of great grief or deject and regular sound of intermittent recurrence suggested the possibility of something less se- ‘The visitor, when he op coughed loudly, but it ‘Then he shufited his feet, ‘Then he said softly: “Hi, there!” lips are apt to suffer, thing to see them broken. dent occurs the severed parts are tied together and the plug is replaced. the ear dises are not worn and the loops of flosh are left dangling, sometimes reachiag to Tn traveling through the forest stich loops would be likely to catch upon boughs of trees, so they are oiten turned up and hung over the ears for convenience. LIGHT BROWN IN COLOR. “The color of the Botocudos is a light yel- Ithas been said that they are capable of blushing occasionally, which would secm to be an accomplishment worth having, inasmuch as both sexes commonly go star: When brought into contact with Euro- peans they manifest not the slightest embar- Tassment on account of their lack of clothing, From certain seeds and fruits they in brilliant dyes, with which they adorn bodies. There is no set st of painting the person varying with the taste A favorite fashion is to paint the face above the mouth bright red, the upper half of the body being stained black and a red stripe encircling the waist. rior thus decorated, with lip and ear ornaments, presents a most demoniacal expression. employed are mixed in the upper shell of a turtle and are carried in joints of Wien at work on plantations be- longing to the whites the men often tie a shirt urms around the waist, letting the body They are never seen to More often than not at the figure did not the shoulders. This time he spoke louder. “Come, wake up, wake up caught hold of his friend’s arm and shook him. He “seemed to regain consciousness slowly. ‘Come, why are you asleep?” e sleepy man and he went and lowish brown. his eyes and delivered ‘Why shoulda’t I sleep?” every reason why he should sleep. He had been to six parties for six consecutive evenings, He had danced the german six con- secutive nights till 3 o'clock im the mornin He had got up every m eared at his oflice, and if he had not done any aking of it was no more than might be expected, and if he fell asleep at his desi in the afternoon that also was only nat- ning and had ap- ryle, the method work worth sp of the individual. AWERK IN THE swnt. said presently, when he had waked up thoroughly, “Ido declare I amina fair way to make one of the best night watch- But the society man “T do declare,” that ever was see who is also bread winner leads ah: than a night watchman latter sleeps by ys awake ull night, whereas the former dances all night and has to st: nearly all day besides. hang down in front. Bat theso articles of discarded as soon a3 where they roam adopt a tattere pparel are immedi: ey return to the fores about without even a fig leaf apiece to cover themselves with. THEIR WEAPONS, “The srms of the Botocudo consist of the His bow is made from the wood of # airi palm, from five to seven feet in d strong that no other he arrows are six feet long, with shafts of strong and light reeds, tip- war with a javelin-like head made from the side of a joint of bamboo. This head, which 1s convex on on the other, is sharpened to a long point, the edge being rendered as keen as a knife. arrows are employed also in the chase of the tapir.. They are plumed with the feathers of a ird. ‘The wounds they make are terri- bie and particularly dangerous because of the concave shape of the arrow head, which facili- tates bleeding. He said that on Satarday might he usu- bed by midnight and slept morning he bright enough. | bow and arrow. length, and so heavy man can bend it. tolerably well urday and Sun- morning he was pretty seedy. ‘Thursday mornin would feel won side and concave mail’ in a perfunctory styk work till lunch tn be quite useless, but still he would mar age to keep awake at his post. ing he would get up feeling like » to put in an business aro: done he would do i that had to be ter u fashion, by a mighty If he did not go to sleep sit was because some one doing so. But he would become bright ne IN THE Woops. | “For birds and small game the savages utilze arrows with blunt points, which stun the prey, but do not tear ‘it, They capture small !izards with these weapons. For calling one another in the forest they have speaki trumpecs nade from the skin of the tai While traveling through the woods they build for themselves temporary shelters of palm leaves, sticking the stems into idin a half cirele, so that the tips of is arch together and foi roof. When eneamping for a considerable time ‘oustruct houses often big to hold several families. ing of a Botocado cubin is extremely simple, beds being made from bark fiber and being in the middle of the dwelling. Gourds are used for drinking purposes and in the preparation of food. rning he would wake up a mere semblance of man, would go down town like could dono business if his | life depended on it, and was quite sure to sink intoa leaden sleep before 1 o'clock. went to a purty Saturé thoroughly eleepy state, and ne wo: that he was decidedly poo ed his account of a we paraphrasing Lord Byrou's celebrated line i advocacy of 1ntoxica being human must THE THREE STAGES. This society man was a they are called. If he had reached the third i 's career and had become have been 60 a man in a tranc great armadillo. yy night it would be in a thie swim” by | in one place they dancing man,” as “The Botocudos are particularly fond of the flesh of monkeys, but they also subsist upon ant eaters, alligators and boa constrictors. Fish they usuaily shoot with small bows, which they use with great dexterity: but sometimes they employ a poisonous root, which, put into the water, soon brings the fish to the surface. ‘They regard as a delicacy cer caterpillars which burrow in decay ‘These unpleasant grubs are impaled oi stick, a number ata time, and toasted at the ‘This is their usual ‘method of cooking animal food. Fire isto them very valuable, because if lost itean only be rekindied with great difficulty by means of the friction of wood, and so they take much care that it shall sleepy, for the of sleep. ‘Lhe e% offers as a sac: to his feliow man and woman is his, digestion, and that, of course, becomes pretty badly deranged aftera time, and tou healthy state when nd plain living of the summer comes es of the society m: kinds of huge an,” and next asa “dinner ‘The first of these—the “tea man”— fellow whose in the parlors and drawing rooms of iy ing. He is asked to teas—afternoon teas—those charming enter- tainments, which, it has been observed in the: columns before, are easy to give and not over After be has graduated from a course of teas—and the course may may sometimes extend d to the dances, and if he is reasonably attentive to his duties there he is quite certain to tak degree and become a full-fledged dinner man. ‘here is nothing higher for him than that. He can remain a dinuer man the rest of his life and if he 38 rich or marr rich ho may become a giver of dinners, dances TREATMENT OF WOMEN. “The men usually take but one wife each. A warrior purchases the woman he wants from her father, and there is no further ceremony. When the husband is angry with his spouse ho beats her unmercifully and cuts hea with his So common is this latter method of conjugal discipline that it is a rare thing to see a married woman who is not covered with the scars of terrible wounds on her face, back, breast and arms, All hard work is done by the women, who are really slaves, They wear for ornaments collars made of hard berry-like fruits strung on threads, necklaces of monkeys’ teeth or of the hoofs of wild pigs and armlets of beads and teeth. The Lotocudos have been hunted downand massacred by the Portuguese. they practice cannibalism more aremarkable race, but the last pleasant to attend. only last a month, o1 over years—he ix invi the highest society somebody who is ‘A BUSINESS OF PLEASURE. Isn't all this making a business of ploasure? Of course it is. Is there any material advan- tage to be derived from being in the swim? None. There is certainly no money to be made ‘Queer Animal Parasites. FIGHT—INVESTIGATIONS AND THEIR RESULTS. impetus to the pursuit of a li tion of the United States government: Every one has his littie foible, as the gentlo- man said when he boiled his grandmother's head in a pipkin, and a pig is as fond of arat as a girl is of a plato of ice cream. Dr. Leuck- Leipsic professor, who made the discovery in question, collected those in- ¢ Germany, par- ticularly from distilleries, slaughter houses and sewers. By dissection it was found that 40 art, the gres teresting rodents from all o per cent of them were infected by trichine. Rate, yousee, are cannibals, They eat their own offspring and cach other, eo that in this way the infection is spread among them. Whether they ever die of trichiniasis is not known, although it makes them lame some- times, but an ascertained fact is that pigs de- vour them whenever they get_a chance, and so contract the complaint. Human beings in their turn eat pigs and thus acquire the trich- i salts. ‘The disease is known. Among the ls attacked by it are cats, dogs, ra and rabbits, though how they get with frequent fatal oned the most d many anix horses, bi the parasites is uncertai INVESTIGATING ANIMAL PARASITES. The Department of Agriculture is at present giving earnest attention to the study of animal parasites, with a view to finding out methods inst some of them which cause millions of dollars yearly to recently made a big discovery of its own in relation to the fatal disease of cattle called Texas fever, which turns out to be caused by a minute animal called a “proto- zoon.” ‘This little creature feeds upon the red corpuscles in the blood and destroys them. Te the complaints in almost as unfavorable a light as has been shed upon the bacteria, It has beeu ascertained of malaria isa protozooa which seles, and another microscopic foe of like description is responsi- ble for certain forms of dysentery. Undoubt- jerstood will for fighting a loss’ of farmers. It bi cent developments cf knowledge re: protozoa as producers of mo: that the eau feeds upon the blood corp edly many disorders not now eventually be referred to a similar origin. It was formerly supposed that the parasites found living within the bodies of human be- ings and other animals came into existence by spontaneous generation. For example, the no- tion held thata tapeworm of intest formed bya sers sometimes discovered in the muscles and ev. in the brain, were accounted for, Thi not believed to be the Hebrews declared it unfit for food. ORIGIN OF TRICHINIASI8. About the year i835agreat discovery was made. A medical studentia London found a number of little cysts in the muscles of a hu- man being, each of which contained a minu worm. ‘Ihe parasite was described by Prof. Richard Owen, under the name of “trichina spiralis,” and he expressed the opinion that it was harmless. But notlong afterward an epi- demic of what is now known us trichiniasis cecurred, and it was found that all of the vie- tims had eaten pork which proved to contain ysts with worms in them. At last the se of this dreadful complaint, which had so long been regarded as an insoluble mystery,was out, nd the result was of vast benctit, because sei- nee Was Ket to work at hunting ‘among other diseases to see whether they were caused bs parasites. Hlenee originally came the first Knowledge of the ill-doings of certain buctoria. After several epidemics of trichiniasis had occurred several nations of Europe, and par- ticularly Germany, came to the conclusion that all meats should ‘be inspected. In Germany today no meat of any kind is sold which kas not been subjected to olticial examination. A few years ago there wasan epidemic in that country, Which was traced to American pork. No mi take could exist, because the parasites were found in the pork, from Chicago, which the victims had eaten, ’ Therefore it was decided that the Yankee hog should beexeluded. Since the Ageiculturat Department has begun to in- spect the pork intended for export from this country the objection has been withdrawn, Owinig to the commercial importance of the American hog this government has taken especial interest in tue trichina spiralis. There is much that is surprising to be told respect- ing it, About three days after infected ius been eaten and digested the little Decome free in the intestines and proc breed, being males and females A single female gives birth to from 150 to 15,000 young. ‘The latter, as soon as therare hatched out, crawl throagh the walls of the intestines and get inside of the fibers which compose the where they feed upon the contract substance. They may find lodgment in any muscle in the body, but they chielly attack those of breathiug and swallowing. the pntient dies of suffocation a hundred or so of the cr but a single bite of it will contain a suflici the parasites to prove fatal. Medical treatment is of hardly any avail, the ph being limited to sustaining the vitality with stimulants until the crisis shall have passed. This time arrives when the trichinw have ceased feeding and are inclosing themselves ts with a view to permanent residence. that they can donomore harm, unless the ividual should be himself eaten by a canni- Dal, in which case the latter would be apt to coutract the complaint. THE DREADED HEEL FLY. Another parasite which the Department of Aggiculture is trying to discover means for combating causes a loss of nearly €3,500,000 a year to cattle slaughtered at Chicago alone. It is the dreaded “*heel fly,” which lays its eggs on the backs of the animals, the worms hatched from them boring through the skin and re- maining buried for several months in the flesh. nally’ they emerge, fali to the ground, go through the chrysalis condition end come out as periect flies, all ready to lay their eggs on the backs of other cattle, this being their only Work Which the Government is Doing With THE TRICHINA SPIRALIS IX ITS RELATIONS WITH THE AMERICAN WOG—SOME CURIOUS FLIES AND WORMS AGAINST WHICH UNCLE SAM AS TO RECENT DISCOVERY TO THE EFFECT that the trichinw of pork, which caused the American hog to beso long shut out of Europe, are derived from rats, has given new f investiga tion which of late has been claiming the atten- Pp e which got broken off and took to growing. Similarly the wormsof various kinds, were miul, but were looked upon as merely zoological curiosities. How- ever, it was noticed quite ancieuitly that people who’ ate pork which contained certain small cysts became sick, and this was one reason why ‘understood that a tapeworm, from the roolo- gist’s point of view, is not a single animal, but & colony, each segment being an indi- vidual. “There is a very dangerous tapeworm wich comes from, the pig. the larval stage of which tinds a lodgment in the eye or brain. Another kind, from a fish, is very common i ‘Russia and Switzerland and grows to a of thirty-two feet. A sort of tapeworm that occurs in children is aleo discovered in rats and mice. It is obtained from little beetles d butterflies, which very young people some- limes put into their mouths, The most dread- ful of all animal parasites is a tapeworm larva which develops im the liver, the lungs, the brain, the bones or elsewhere into a balias big as achild’shead. Itisgreatly prevalent in Iceland, » where 5 per cent of the human inhabitants and 25 percent of the sheep have it. In Abys- sinia tapeworms are so common that proverb popalar there declares that » person cannot be thoronghiy healthy without one. ‘Thus far only a beginning has been made by this government in the work of fight parasites of animals. Bi the pigs, which are latter will be renderod eventually 258 com- mon, Likewise it will be with tapeworms, which have already grown comparatively rare in Germany. Such foes as heel tes and gad thes are combatted successfully and des! i by spreading tar ointment over the bod the beasts attacked. In its labors on this eub- ject the bureau of animal industry of the De- partment of Agriculture, which ba matter in charge, devotes its at ion first of all to studying ‘the iife history of each parasite in order to find out at what stage of its ex the enemy can be attacked to the bost tage. Having procured a fall kaowledge of the habits and manners of existence of the ad- versary it is com; ively easy to interfere with its operations. The work of the bureau on animai parasites is done by Dr. C. W. Stiles, @ distinguished pupil of Leuckart and Pasteur, seca BAD WEATHER FOR WHEELMEN. Not Likely That There Will Be Club Ru Ui SOMETHING ABOUT THE NEED OF GOOD HARD ROADS—WHAT THE CENTURY ROAD CLUB AIMS To ACCOMPLISH — TEE TWENTY-FouR-ovR RECORD BROKEN—DEATU OF MRS. MOTT—NOTES. The weather has been too bad during the past two or three weeks for bicycling, except in rare instances wire business pursuits re- quired it, and the enthusiastic wheelmen have takon advantage of the weather to discuss the question of better roads. Not only here, but allover the country the question has been Faised and is still under discussion. Numerous Plans have been suggested, but no definite agreement on the subject seems likely to be Feached in the near future. One suggestion was that each division make a contribution year of a certain per cent of dues paid in, but that did not seem to mect with favor, nor did the plan of spending a large sum in road literature. Every wheelman is interested in the question and the work of the League of American Wheeimen has benefited the country people in many sections of the country. The good work still continues and the L.A. W. hopes that before the close of the year they will reap a harvest 1m the shape of many more miles of good road. A HARD ROAD CONVENTION. There will be a stato “hard road” convention held in Springfield, IL, March 29 and 30. It Las been y the Hon. Carter H. Har- rison of Chicago, president of the permanent State Road Association. It is expected that yors of all the principal cites, co iouers, surveyors, highway com ners and representatives from the Il ivision, L. A. W., will compose this ms will at to all large con- work that apply to facturers of bi , Toad railroad traifie agents, carriage builders’ “dssociations and all others who ure interested in good highways for the common- wealth are invited to be present. HE CENTURY ROAD CLUB. The Century Road Ciub of America, an or- ganization estublished for the purpose of advancement of road riding, has added a number of names to its membership and | ises to be as large an organization prow as the L. A. W. some time in the future. Several Washington wheelmen, among then ilessrs, Sandoe, Robertson, Manning, Washburn and Crist of the A ave joined the organization. © of American Whecimea, but at the same time wiil take an entirely opposite posi- tion regarding racing, reeords, &c., inasmuch ali take no cognizance of any perform- pon the track ganization, so far as centary runs are con- cerned, are: Actual elapsed timeallowed, sixteen hours.’ No track or asphalt permitted. En tire distance must be made awheel or on foot; no taking of trains between points. Centuries must be made in company where possible. SHOULD WOMEN RIDE. The question “should women ride the bicy- yele World, has long since cles” says the Bi been decided in the affirmative. Time has Gone it with his little hatchet, which cuts down old cu themeeives, and if at the end of it there re main wheels fit to possees, it will be the result of cowardice or fear of Mrs. Grundy's frown, whi munity. For we assume that every woman in her correct senses wants to ride, at least we think she ought to, if she does not, An epi- gramatic philosopher of the period asserts that the best wheel women aro the ones who do not ride, and there must be opportunity to test the truth of the conclusion. This is leap year, and 1u accordance with tradition woman is allowed more license in it thau in the three that follow and precede it; let her make use of this iree- ranted her to ask for what she wishes to dom demand, a wheel. THE TWENTY-FOUR-HOUR RECORD BROKEN. Onc} of the greatest amateur long-distance bicyclists of the world is Montague A. Holbein of England. He has performed many remark- able feats on the wheel, but he recently ere- ated somewhat of a sensation in the wheeling world by pushing his safety machine 361%, miles in twei ur hours, thus breaking the record of 336/s miles held’ by himself. ‘The performance Wasa remarkable exhibition of speed and endurance. During his ipng ride from midnight until midnight Holbein'’s longest absence from the track was nine min- utes. DEATH OF MRS. MOTT. Mrs. Albert Mott, wife of Chief Consul Mott tion “is in no way antegonistie to the the L. A. W. recognizing no event upon the road. ‘The rules of the or- om and long argument, both great and small. ‘This is the year for women to assert ‘h should never prevail in a civilized com- STEINITZ IN THF LEAD. Problems—An Interesting Game—Solutions and Solvers —Notes. Steinitz increases his lead. The score now stands 8—1 and 8 draws in the American chatm- pion's favor in the great match at Havana. The game played yesterday was an Evans gambit, opened by Techigorin, but brilliantiy won by Steinitz in twenty-nine moves. The Russian was beaten on his own ground and ab his own «ystem of play and the lead waich Steinitz has now obtained should be decisive im the hands of such a master as himeclf. Ho bas Played in a more brilliant and than he bas in any other of his matches, as if te show his ability to defeat all comers at thelr own weapon No. 7. By J. G. W., Washington, D.C, (Composed for The Evening Star.) White to play No. 7. Dy H.C. PAINTER, Washineton, D.@ (Composnd for The White to play andr <2) moves. Now NOR. By C. A. GTLDE ¥. iPURRAADAL S | QBs KKte Ku OK! QK7 KN6 KET QU3 QIt &@wiaghgaag KBS Kbit KRS BLS KT KB Ki: # it iii @85 QRT Kk? KKtt Kb7 Qu3 @ Rather surpris'ng im a match of such tmportapea, put the Kensa. 3 now Want be wan ioe r " bh irish with With one stone. SOLUTIONS AND SOLVE ‘There is no second so! PROLLEM AND SOLUTION TOURNEY. For the best two-move problem sent to the chess editor on or before Ma copy of Freeborough’s “Chess Ope for the best set of solutions to these problems when published in Tne Stax we offer a copy of Freeborough's “Chess Endings.” NoTr Judd has at Inst resigned his match with Showalter after losing another game. Judd’s friends claim that » ented bum from doing himself justice, and although there ia probabiy some truth in thisassertion, little doubt exists that Showalter would have won in event, His play th order and was chars nd vigor. He is school, of wi leaders atnong living m The District champ: the home club prog te are U'Farrel, 2— ring simultancous ‘November and December. Gunsberg is seriously ill at his home in Kent. HLS. Voigt has won the Puiladelphia chaum- piouship by a score of 6°, semen ew THE MAN WITH A PLAN. He Was Little, but Mis Scheme Was @ Great One. From the New York World. There were five of us in the stage and a sixth driver. There was @ ut of cavalry, a civil engineer ud the rest of us were only common folks who had been out in the hills prospecting and were returning broken in hopes and “busted” im pocket. The enginecr was little man of fom- inine appearance, amg we hadn't been together an hour when he confessed that the bare thoughts of the staze being held up made him trembie all over. ‘Ihe oficer was a quiet rort ‘of chap, Who seemed to have plenty of nerve, method of reproduction. If a hide at the market is found to have more than five holes in itmade by these worms it is rated as of only second quality und sells for1centlessa pound in gross. Hence the enormous damage referred to. So fearful are the cattle of this horrible bug that a single heel fly will often stampede an entire herd. There is another extraordinary insect, known in the west as the ‘gad fly,” which ‘attacks horses, laying its eggs on the animals. The horse licks itself, and thus conve ‘the larva hatched from the eggs to its stomach, where they grow, clinging to the stomach’ wails. Very often they bore through the stomach aud kill the horse." When ready to do so they pass out of the horse with the dejecta, fall to the ground and go into the chrysalis state. In due time they come out as flics and look around for other horses to lay their eggs uj The motion of a winged insect that is only able to perpetuate its species by going through the ody of a horse seoms very weird indeed. Not less remarkable in its way is a parasitic worm known as the “liver fluke,” which at- taches itself during a certain stage of its being to the liver and lungs of cattle. During its carly growth it goos througha series of aston- ishing metamorphoses inside of a snail, devel- oping a new self inside of its old self in a differ- ent shape several times. Finally it leaves the the snail and becomes sted on grass or water plants, where the cattle lick it body of the third division, died in Zaltimore a fow ago from an attack of pneumonia, Proba- biy no female eyelist in this country will ever be missed more than will Mrs. Mott. She at- tended all the meetings of the and was ever ready to give counsel to the lady cyclists, who had implicit contidence in her good judg: ment. Although a cripple Mrs. Mott was a long-distance rider and has traveled most of the good roads in the country on her rilent steed with her husband. Her bereaved hus- band has the sympathy of large circle of ad- miring friends. BICYCLE CAVALRY. The Boston Advertiser, in speaking of the adoption of the bicycle in the National Guards of the different states and territories as a set- tled outcome of the near future, closes thus: “The indirect result of such a military devel- opment in the several states might even be the creation of a general public sentiment in favor of better roads, a consummation so thoroughly to be desired that the movement toward a. bi- cycle cavairy enc. even for reason alone, if for no o' ‘WHAT DID SHE MEAN? and charming. He called at the farm and modestly asked for He was a wheelman, tired, dusty and thirsty. She wasa farmer's daughter, pretty, young and though none of us had mach to lose, we by and by agreed that in case the stage was stopped we would make a figt for it. All were new toa hold-up, but we decided that if we had any show at all we could make it hot for the road agents. é ‘The Little man at first agreed with our plan jorm but later on he broached one of his own. The driver told us that the point most | Likely to be selected by the highwaymen would the road, just before it reached a certain bill, and we were about tive sfrom the epot, and darkness had fully escended when the little man unfolded his plan. When within a mile of the «pot he was to get out and follow the stage on foot. yu case it was stopped he would be in position to sight the robbers and open fire at once. We jumped on him at once forafiunk. It was simply a scheme on his part to bolt and save his dollars in ‘case the agents appeared, and each one gave is opizion of such com- duct in very vigorous English. In his soft, ntle way ho replied: A SeNGenticinen, you do me injustice. Pleasesus pend judgment until youseehow my plan works. Ido assure you that I firmly expec: te Kill s robber and save the stage. Doited back down the road or was f up, thas completing the eyclo of its being. It is the same way with many of the fifty dif- ferent animal parasites which are known to at- tack and more or less afflict human beings, not there, but thete is a good deal to be spent there. Is there any moral advai.tage to be de- rived from being in the swim? W\ & vermon and is Lot going to become one, but the fishes that sport in the swim are not prob- ably much worse than the quieter ones flat like to move slowly in still water. NOT GOOD FOR THE CONSTITUTION, But it must be admitted that such a life as the young society man whose week has just been described leads is bad for the constitu- tion. ‘The terrapin is a noble creature and he flourishes here in greator magnificence than anywhere else, but he is rich and fat eat biin late every night with tho shape of silads and around the sphere of w to commit an indiscretis survivors are rapidly passing away.” To Fix the Fact. Obadiah—“‘An’ you u doan’ b’leeve in evah- lastin’, Cephas?” counting bacteria, because they are supposed to be vegetable. The worms which children fre gottrom playing im earth which ns the being conveyed to the ythohand. ‘They comechiely, hom. inking impure water, and it ista- teresting to find that the complaint they cause is comparatively rare in citics where the drink: the mouth b} ever, from dr a4 as in Paris. Two Itisan uncomfortable thing to realize that humen beings are liable to ton different spo- adrink of water, but she gave him milk in- ‘all ready tor a hold. Lvery 20, OST "we "bad 0 reveiver in Sand end E i i i ! i