Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 1, 1958, Page 12

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people a ace ete G@ A SAN ROMAN u. President Vice FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice Precident and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Manaxing Rditor Publishea daily except Monday ~ Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Mami Springs EDITORIAL UNITED STATES HOSPITALITY Perhaps there is no other country in the world where human understanding and a spirit of cordiality toward aliens prevail in such a degree as in the United States of America, Free of any state of mind making them feel superior or inferior than any other citizens receive norms of reciprocal respect solidarity, which would be a great thing to see in other nations of the world. The fact that the Unite the last century an extraord on the basis of afluence of immigrants from different coun- tries of Europe and Latin America, has possibly determin- ed, at least in good part, that mentality so flexible for the assimilation of aliens, making them feel at home. This reality of the spirit of hospitality of the people of the United States gives prestige to the Nation. before the rest-of the countries of the world, because’ it stresses the generosity of feelings and the cordial and spiritual attitude of these great North American people. Modern concepts of i ground among the nations of the world, and the example of cordial coexistence in the migrants, will certainly ene tendencies making life agreeable for human beings in any part of the country they may be. One of the most deciding factors on this subject of the respect and cordiality that exists here toward foreigners, is the democratic regime prevailing in the United States of America.Under this regime, each person, whether a citizen or not, has rights as well as duties provided for in the Constitution and Laws Constitution and laws are wi who govern and the governed alike. A great help for democracy, which has its greatest stronghold in the United States of America, is this great reality determined by the spirit of hospitality of the people of the United States, during Soviet campaigns tend to discredit it unjustly. A FO, | Latin Ameri and Trade News Reports Miami Atforney Comments on Trade With Latin America In a letter addressed to our Editor, Dr. Horacio Aguirre, Miami Attorney Néstor Morales says: “There was a conference recent- ly at the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration dealing with Inter-American relations. ‘t clearly demonstrated the differ- ence of the thinking of our De partmént of State and the thinking of the American Business man. “The conference was sponsored by the Boston Globe and Harvard University. “Approximately three hundred northern and southern American business men, industrialists and government officials met for a three day discussion of business. industry and their development below the border; it discussed the role of the United States in provid- ing the capital and technical know how for the development of Latin} America. “The business men took the ad- ministration in Washington to task for its recent proposal to Congress for a sliding scale tax on imports of lead and zine. The business men were of the, opinion that the United States should do more for the development of Industry, and business in Latin America whereas the position of the State Depart- ment was that it is doing enough and that Latin American business and Industry should shift for themselves, “The reason of this difference in thinking of course is clear: The American business man is concern- ed with the development of the market for his products. He is interested in promoting sales. The political executive has no such business. He is thinking in terms of International Problems of which the most pressing is communism; so the political executive ignores the development of an Industrial Market and concerns himself with how to contain communism. “Until the Political Executive realizes that the best interests of our country are served through business relations, the same dif- ference will continue, and the de- velopment of Latin America and our trade with it will be hindered. | “Another interesting point il-| lustrated by the conference is the} fact that cities of the United States) oer than Miami are convoking| these conferences and contributing toward Inter-American trade. To| my knowledge Miami has never had an assembly of this kind. “The. reason that cities other | than Miami are making these ef- W. SMITH the immigrant with great cordiality, of- fering him all opportunities for coexistence within the ‘ THE AMERIBAS DAILY For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., SATURDAY, MARCH 1, 1958 8 SMITH President Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Masager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt & Cire Mer Fla. op February § 1950 people of the world, U. S. and the concepts of human d States has achieved during inary degree of development nterdependence are gaining United Statés regarding im- ourage the advance of new of the Republic. And both idely respected here by those these times when systematic Se can Finance forts, is because the principal in- dustrialists of the United States operating in Latin America have | their principal places of business \in these northern cities. Miami| |lacks any such industrialists as) W. R. Grace and Co., American} and Foreign Power Company and | others of like stature. Therefore, | since we in this area do not have | such leading industrialists it is | necessary to develop a civic cons- | ciousness sufficient to supply this gap in our Inter-American trade | interests. “It is therefore incumbent upon ‘us, of this area, to contribute to the fullest extent to this Civic | Conciousness. “Very truly yours, (signed) NESTOR MORALES” U. S. Coffee Imports From Africa Harm Latin America WASHINGTON. (UP). — The | Brazilian Ambassador, Ernani do Amaral Peixoto, declared that La- |tin America would face a “very {severe economic crisis” if the United States continues increas- ing its coffee imports from Africa at the expense of the Latin Amer- ican growing countries. It is traditional that Brazil sup- ply the United States half of its annual consumption of 20,000,000 bags of coffee. The balance is mainly exported by the other 13 Latin American growers. However, in recent years the American coffee imports from Africa have tripled, amounting to 2,000,000 bags, which means they are absorbing the normal consump- tion increase. In a interview with United Press, Ambassador do Amaral Peixoto said that Brazil does not mean to interfere in the normal policy of United States imports, but affirmed the African coffee exports were being stimulated in an artificial form by European in- vestors and that they will be in- creased by means of the European American countries are observing with some fear. Some Latin American official hold that, through the common market, Europe is developing its African colonies to displace La- tin American countries as main suppliers of raw matterials for the free world. The Ambassador said the drop in coffee prices due to its pro- duction increase had created “a very critical situation which will common market, which the Latin| Ecuadorean QUITO, “Feb. 28 (UP)— The} directors of the National Federa- tion of Ecuador newspapermen en- | dorsed today the manifesto issued | this. week by five former presi- dents of Latin American Coun- tries and many noted democratic leaders calling for a united de- fense of democracy in the Hemi- sphere. The signers of the manifesto in- elude Galo Plaza Lasso, former pre- sident of Ecuador; Eduardo Santos:| Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ ECUADOR — One of the most | interesting sights in Ecuador is the picturesque fair of Otavalo, which begins about 5:30 every Sat- urday morning It is famous not} only for the handwoven woolens | sold there but also because it is the| meeting place of the purest des- cendants of the pre-colonial in- habitants of the region. The trip itself is worth taking, for the beau- tiful scenery to be seen on the} way. About ten miles from Quito, the | Equator Line is crossed. The gran- | ite monument which marks it was erected in 1924 to commemorate a survey made by a French scienti- fic expedition te measure the are of the meridian. Many tourists like to have their pictures taken | with one foot on the Northern) Hemisphere and the other on the Southern, From the monument, the road passes through fertile, then arid, sections, and crosses the Gui- llabamoa River. At Cayembe, nestled at the base | of the voleano from which it takes its mame, the road begins to rise. From then on, it travels up and down mountains and across steep gorges until finelly, after passing | the crest of a pass, one can see on the other side the Valley of Otava- fo. flankec by {mbabura and Co- tacachi volcanoes, At the base of Imbabura, Lake San Pablo mir- rors the lofty peaks. Long before Otavalo was settled by the con- quering Spaniards, the Indians brought their products to market | in the valley, where they would | trade them for products brought by other Indians from as far as the Amazon. | Descendants of the Caras, the Otavalos are a short, stocky peo- ple known for their cleanliness, ! intelligence and _ resource-' fulness. Unlike most other Indian! tribes, they have been able to pur-! chase small farms with the profits ! from the sale of their textile and} farm products. Primarily farmers, they are also skil,ed weavers, using wool of the shcep they raise in the highiands for weaving woolen cloths, Their ponchos, shawls and blankets are fine and durable, and have great demand among tourists and residents a‘ike. Indians come down from the market. Some walk, some ride their donkeys and some come guiding their livestock down the steep cob- bled street leading to the market place. Most of the women carry a distaff for woo. under their arms and spin thread while they trot alongside their husbands. The bright red. blue and purple colors of the men’s ponchos, mingling with the no less colorful embroid- ered blouses and skirts of the wom- en, give a kaleidoseopic effect to the moving throng. Both men and women wear hats of stiff, heavy felt which they prize very highly. The central market square is filled with stalls where ‘the native row there are ponchos, shawls, and woolen materia.s resembling Eng- | lish tweeds; in another row, cotton homespuns and hats made by the Indians living near Lake San Pa- blo. Also pottery, rope made from the fiber of “cabuya” cactus, and still farther along one may find herbs and other products believed by the Indians to have curative powers, In the row reserved for vegeta- bles and grains, the policeman whose duty is to check the weights, presides over the scales. By seven o’clock most of the better quality products have been sold, and by noon the market place is almost deserted, On the way back to Qui- to, the Indians are seeing straggl- ing home, weary from dancing and singing atter the fair, some times of the fiery “aguardiente” (a stopping to sleep off the effects rum made of sugar cane), while be worse, unless import from colo- nial sources are reduced” their faitaful wives stand watch, Spanish Version Page 3 Early in the morning on fair: day, just as the sun is rising, the; mountains to bring their wares to | produce is neatly displayed, In one | Journalists and Dario Echandia, former pre- sidents of Colombia, and Rémulo Gallegos and Rémulo Betancourt, former presiden:s of Venezuela. Dr. Alberto Gainza Paz, publish- | er and editor of La Prensa of Buenos Aires, aiso is among the signers, as are Colombian news- paper editors Gabriel Cano, Enri- que Santos and Roberto Garcia Pe-| fia. A total of 82 prominent states- men, politicians, writers and pro- fessional men from Argentina, Co- lombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salva- dor, Ecuador, Guatemala, México, Pert, Dominican Republic and Ve- nezuela also sigoed the manifesto. After pointing out that the re- cent overthrow of three dictators — Juan D. Perdn, of Argentina; Gustavo Rojas Finilla, of Colom- | bia, and Marcos Pérez Jiménez of | Venezuela — marks a reawaken- ing of deiiocracy in Latin Ameri- ca, the manifesio said: | “Let us unite the free men of} America in opposition to the re- turn of totalitarianism, in support of a peace born not of fear but of respect for human rights. “Tt will not be the first time that the peoples of America have had to demonstrate this feeling of solidarity in order to attain their common goals. “Tn our struggle for the emanci- pation of our countries we joined ina spirit of brotherhood which swept us forward from the first ery for independence to final victory at Ayacuchb, | | “That spirit of brotherhood must | triumph once again if we are to free ourselves from all domestic dictatorships and from those which rule us by remote control, from the poverty which stand in the way of achievement of any kind, from’ the vices of petty polities which clip the wings of victory. The new generation, united throughout the length and breadth of our America. has a clearly de- fined mission to fulfill: to bring about the triumph of our second | independence movement, in which the paramountcy of human free- doms will be affirmed.” FRONDIZI VISIT WOULD PLEASE VENEZUELANS CARACAS, Feb, 28. —(UP).— Rear Admiral Wolfang Larrazébal, President of the Military Junta, declared today “we will be very pleased” to receive the visit of the President-elect of Argentina, Dr. Arturo Frondizi. In a short meeting with the Press, the President was asked if an invitation to the President of Argentina was going to be extend- tries, Larrazabal said that the Argen- tine political leader has been elect- ed by his people, and that, there- delighted with his visit to Cara- cas. SEVENTEEN KILLED IN HONDURAS ACCIDENT | 'TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras, Feb. 28 (UP) — Seventeen -persons were killed and 21 injured late |yesterday when a crowded bus plunged over a steep bank on the southern road abount 40 miles east of Tegucigalpa. The accident occurred at La Moramulca, apparently when the bus brakes failed on a downgrade. Only the bus driver and his as- | sident ed while he is visiting other coun- | Batista Rejects Endorse Manifesto for’ | Terms for Peace: Defense of Democracy | Castro is Said to Have Issued HAVANA, Feb. 28. (UP). Pre- Batista’s Government re- jected today the offer of truce |said to have been made by Cuban rebel. leader Fidel Castro, The Vice President, Rafael Guas Inclan, declared in a TV interview that the elections, scheduled for June 1, will not be postponed. Previous reports in diplomatic circles said Castro had demanded | the postponment of the elections until November, but the Vice Pre- sident said for the opposition asked for the earliest possible date. On the other hand, the tension resulting from the political ‘crisis’ provoked by the alleged proposal of Castro, culminated today in a challenge to a duel by rebel emis- sary Mahuel de Jestis Leon, who sent his seconds to Senator Ro- lando Masferrer. Besides, a radio spokesman for the oposition, Luis Conte Agiiero, sent a message to Castro’s publi- city agent in New York, Dr. Mario} Llerena, requesting him to abstain from issuing statements and “let Fidel talk’. In his T. V. interview, Guas Inclan referred to Castro, and said: | “Nobody can be in two fields} at the same time. Negotiating peace and making war at the same time”. Quoting another of Castro’s conditions for the elections —that| foreign observers be placed in all| voting places— Guas Inclén said it is not acceptable, “because there | are many Cubans capable of dis- charging that task”. The Vice President said Repre- sentative de Len acted on his own in the negotiations with Cas- tro. He then aided that he respects Castro as an adversary, but not | those who “live in air conditioned) apartments” and direct sabotage activities from abroad, calling them “cowards”. This was an ap- parent reference to ex President Carlos Prio Socarrés, who is in exile in Miami. COUNCIL TO INVITE COLOMBIAN MINISTER | TO OAS CEREMONIES | WASHINGTON. (UP). — The) General Committee of the Coun-| cil of the Organization of Ameri-| can States decided to invite Co- lombia’s Foreign Minister to come fore, the Venezuelans would feel|to Washington next month, to take, part in the celebration of the tenth anniversary of the approval of the charter of the Organization of American States (OAS). It was suggested by Fernando Lobo, ex-President of the Council. The invitation must be approved by the OAS Council in full dur- ing its next meeting which is | scheduled for next week. Lobo made this motion after the Council rejected another motion proposing the Council go to capi- |tal of Colombia next month to hold there commemorating cere- monies for the anniversary of the sistant escaped death or injury. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS CONDEMN LAW EXTENSION FOR MEXICAN WORKERS WASHINGTON (UP)— The United States section of the joint United States-México Trade Union Committee condemned any effort in the U. S. Congress to extend in- definitely the law under which Mexican agricultural labor comes to the United States. The United States section point- ed out that the law now is sche- duled to expire next year and it said that an indefinite extension would make a permanent feature of a program which originally was conceived as a war-time tempor- ary measure. sie The 240,000, 90 mile-long line ment at this time, when unem- charter, signed in Bogoté in 1948. ployment has reached 4,500,000 and is rapidly rising among our own citizens, is not unly an affront to all United States workers, but re- veals whe callous disregard for the suffering of domestic farm labor which has been too prominent a characteristic of too many backers and administrators of the program since ‘ts inception,” the section said in a statement. CIUDAD PREMEX TO BE INAUGURATED MONDAY MEXICO CITY (UP)— Ciudad Pemex, the new petroleum center carved out of the jungles of Tabas- co State by Petroleos Mexicanos, will be dedicated officially by Pre sident Adolfo Ruiz Cortines next iheaads Pemex officials said to- ay. U. S$. Editor Asks His Colleagues’ Support for IAPA SAN FRANCISCO DE CALIFOR- NIA, Feb. 27 (UP)—Editor W. H. Cowles, from Spokane, Washington asked his colleagues to give com- plete support to the Inter American Press Association (IAPA) in its fight for a free press, because this is the best way to fight” the false philosophy” the Soviet Union tries to propagate in Latin America. Cowles, editor of the “Spokesman- Review” and “The Daily Chronicle” of Spokane, made this statement at a public meeting here. He is Second Vice-President of the IAPA, which attained great success when helping the newspapers Editors win their cases when they were jailed “because thew made their publications conforming, to what they saw.” If American editors would stron- gly support IAPA, he. added, “It would be a great help in the fight against the false philosophy the Kremlin is extending through Latin America.” Cowles also said IAPA has strengthened relations among Latin American countries, the United States and Canada. Cowles said that about 600 news- Papers and magazines from the Western Hemispehere belong to the IAPA and that about 350 of them will be represented in the assem- bly. More than one half of this last number will be Latin Ameri? cans, ECHANDI INVITED. BY DR. VILLEDA MORALES TEGUCIGALPA, Feb. 28. (UP). The Honduran’ Government of- ficially announced to have invited the President elect of Costa Rica, Mario Echandi, to visit this country when he returns from Guatemala, where he will go to attend to the inauguration cere- mony of President elect of Gua- temala General Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes. / The President of the Republic Ramén Villeda Morales, said: “It will be a great pleasure for me to shake hands with the future President of Costa Rica, Echandi, with whom }.have maintained a good friendship”. Villeda mentioned his pleasant Facio Will Request. of Latin Disarmament Plan From OAS Council March 5 WILL ASK BAN ON : Member Inter American Press Association e For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity RY NUMBER 201 ‘Study NUCLER WEAPONS, STRESS ON PUBLIC WORKS BY ARMY Disarmament May Be Top Subject in the Quito Inter American Conference in ‘59 WASHINGTON, Feb. 28 (UP)— Gonzalo Facio, Costa Rican Ambas- sador, revealved he will submit a project of resolution requesting that the Organization of American States appoint a special committee to study the possibility of a prohi- bition of nuclear weapons in Latin America, and the reduction of plain armaments. He said he will present it to the permanent Council of the OAS on March the 5th. ‘He hopes the committee will prepare a partial disarmament plan for the Inter American conference next year, by which the money that now is being svent in arma- ments will be used for economic and social work, 4 The United States agrees with this idea, but there is belief that opposition from some military and | nationalists circles of Latin Ameri- ca will be met. It is revealed that last week President Kisenhower requested special cooperation to help Latin American countries to use their, Army Engineer's Corps “for the construction of useful public works.” Facio’s proposition also suggests that Latin American countries use Male Population WASHINGTON, D. C. (PAU) — Brazil is a mar s world and grow- ing more so, according to the lat- est census figures from that coun- try. As the year 1957 drew to a.close, Brazil passed the 62,000,000 popu- lation mark, estimates furnished by the Brazilian Institute of Geo- graphy and Statistics reveal. The same source indicates that the population of Brazil as a whole is growing at the rate of 1,500,000 persons annually. The five most heavily populated states in Brazil have a total popu- lation of 33,387,464 persons, or more that half the country’s en- tire population. Brazil is divided into 20 states, a federal district | and five territories, times when in his youth he met Echandi, their friendship lasting) for many years. i SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 28 (UP) The San Francisco Chronicle un- der the heading “New Argentine Leader is not Perén’s Man,’ pub- lished the following editorial: “Argentina's first free presiden- tial election in 30 years would seem to indicate a restoration of constitutional government to that *dictator-ridden nation and as such ought to be cheered by friends of democracy everywhere. Yet strong apprenhension is felt, based largely on the circumstance that Arturo Frondizi, the left-of- The new city, with 1,000 gleam- ing homes for the oil workers, has all kinds of public services and fac- ilities. SEN. CHAVEZ PRAISES MEXICAN CANDIDATE WASHINGTON (UP)— Demo- eratic Senator Dennis Chavez de- seribed Mexicaa Nationalist lead- er Adolfo Lépez Mateos’ as “‘a close friend to the United States and a staunch defender in the free world.” Chavez printed in the congres- sional record the speech with which Lopez Mateos accepted the nomination of his party; said in an accompanying statement that “no better man could have been selected to carry on the tra- Leading is the State of Sao Pau- lo, with’ 10,847,095 personns. Fol- llowing in order are’ Minas Gerais, their armed forces in the exploita- tion of some forest and moun- tainous regions of the Western Hemisphere which are not yet exploited. * The project of the Costa Rican Diplomat, reported by United Press on January 13, speciafically recom- mends that the Commission set plans for: —Prohibition of use and acquisi- tion of nuclear weapons. —Greater stress in public works by Army Engineering Corps, —General reduction in defense expenses ‘in order to allot more money to industry, education and welfare. If the Council decides to present the project to the Inter American Conference in Quito in 1959, disar mament will be the top subject | there, $ The idea of reducing the Latin American armaments is based chiefly upon the fact that in’ case of war. the Hemisphere’ defense will be. mainly carried out by United States. Likewise, it depends the excellent work of the Peace mathinery of the OAS. ; Grows in Brazil with 8,521,000 Bahia with 5,614. 000, Rio Grande do Sul with 4- 893,000 and’ the northetn ‘State of Pernambuco, with 4,010,000, In the ratio of the sexes, there is a dominance of males in north- ern Brazil In the State of Paré, they account for each 10,000 of population.- In ‘the Territory of Acre. they are even more numer: ous, 5,526. per 10,000. The highest rate of ale births in the country is to. be found in Para, where it Tuns to over 40 more than females per 1,000. Within the population of north- ern Brazil, there is only one group in which there is a slight prepond- erance of females over males, This is in the 20 to 32 year age group. | Statisticians point out that males of this age group in Brazil are at- tracted by economic opportunities to the southern part of the coun- try. center victor, had the support of Peronistas in running up his sweep- ing 1.7 million majority. This cir- cumstance, coupled with his an- nouncement that he will grant amnesty to all political prisoners and restore the franchise to the outlawed Peronista Party, has rais- ed misgivings about the policies the new Administration will pur- sue, The doubts, we think, are pre- mature. Actually, Frondizi is em- barrased by the sudden change of Latin American News in Brief ditions of his party nor to better represent western ideals of demo- eracy, freedom end liberalism.” Latin America, México is preemin- ent not only because of its size, ly bee they represent, Chavez also said: “our closest neighbor to the south is the United States of México. México is a mod- ern, dynamic atid rapidly growing nation of 35,538.000 people, with vast re sources and tremendous reservoir of manpower, both prac- tically untouched. México is a wonderful country, As the key- stone to successful relations with proximity and resources but most- ause of the outstanding lib- eral and democratic characteristics of her leaders and the institutions Frondizi is no Peronist, Should not be. Prejudged, California Paper Says heart which threw Peronista sup- port his way. He opposed Perén in the election of 1951, and: hardly had the results of Sunday’s elee- tion become apparent than he took pains to announce that he was un- der no obligation to any political group. 5 Frondizi’s announced intention to free political prisioners and re- store the vote to outlawed parties is not restricted to Peronistas, and outhgt to be regarded as an earn est of his democratic principles rather than as affection: for the followers of the exiled Juan Pe-, ron. Actually, the followers of Perén have already declared war on the president-elect whom they supported, and have enunciated a policy of acting henceforth as Pe- ronistas, not as supporters of Frondizi. wie As for the new administration’s foreign policy, Frondizi says Ar- gentina will try to maintain good relations with all nations, will not repudiate any treaties — includin the Inter American defense pi {for which he has no affection: - and will seek the closest of frie! ly relations with “the great sister Republic of the United States,” _ He will have less than unanim- ous support in his struggle; communists, to some extent moderate wing of the radical civie union and certainly the Peronistas will give him seant comfort... His Administration ought ‘not to be predjudged. On the con-_ ‘| trary, it ought to have <"cenia 5 courant ba shun oe cel and military ers, an Ria 3 decrees and other oppr: mea sures, that. constituted . Juan rén’s mockery of democratic r the