Diario las Américas Newspaper, May 23, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people “4th YEAR G. A. SAN ROMAN Cc. W. President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Business EDITORIAL TWENTY REPUBLICS WITH MORE THAN Vice President Fred M. Shaver SMITH 8, SMIRG Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gémez Manager Advt. & Cire. Mer. Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Sprmgs. Fla.. on February 8. 1956. ONE HUNDRED AND S EVENTY MILLION HUMAN BEINGS When one reads in the newspapers or hears on TV and radio reports about the efforts of U. S. economic aid to Europe and the Middle East, immediately a contrast appears regarding what is being done with Latin America, with those twenty Republics of the Western Hemisphere, which together have more than one hundred and seventy million human beings, and which constitute an immense force, of great importance for the Go the United States. vernment and the people of Ambassadors and Missions from Washington, practically loaded with hundreds of mill ions of dollars, go to Europe and the Middle East, to distribute money among those countries, in a very doubtful effort to gain friendship, providing for them better living conditions. of that extremely generous there have been cases, as it i nations which have rejected them with reservations. In And in spite effort of the United States, is well known, of Middle East the gifts or have accepted either one of these circums- tances, it seems that not much has been achieved regarding friendship of those countries toward the. United States. However, when the time comes to cooperate, econo- mieally, with Latin America—cooperation and not gifts— the vaults in Washington are closed almost completely, and a series of technicalities and dilatory tactics complicate any serious effort, of proportions latent and urgent problems, i suitable for the solutions of in favor of the twenty nations whose solidarity and friendship toward the United States is, on close-analysis, more important than the friendship of other countries and other Outstanding elements in continents. the United States public life, among them Senators and Congressmen of great prestige, are engaged in calling the important it is to tighten, even country’s attention to how more, the bonds now existing with Latin America, by means of a more vigorous economic cooperation policy. However, these elements are still a minority; and their voices, powerful influence on public even though they exercise opinion, have not penetrated deeply enough in the conscience of the great leaders of the Nation to make then notice the transcendental importance that, for the United States, solidary Latin America, under has a more friendly, more conditions for this friendship and solidarity to render greater benefits to the supreme interests of the Western Hemisphere, rampart of universal democracy. These persons, interested in attaining a better Inter- American understanding, for the convenience of the United States and of the twenty Latin American nations, should continue the struggle, creating public opinion favorable to their thesis, so beneficial for all that which represents the ideal of American solidarity, in the doctrinary field as well as in pase of practical accomplishments. Grancolombiana Fleet Shows Progress BOGOTA (SICO) — A report submitted by Dr. Alvaro Diaz, Gen- eral Manager of the Grancolom- biana Fleet, to the Shareholders Assembly on activities during 1956, shows great progress of the com- pany, financial circles comment. The report says that six great ships are being built in German and Spanish shipyards, which will iftrease in 700,000 cubic feet the capacity ‘of the fleet in refrigerat- ed holds. The ships already have services to Peruvian ports and plan to cover all ports of South Ameri- ca. Gross income for cargo trans- portation during the year amount- ed to 33,012,937 dollars, or more than 150 million pesos at the cur- rent rate of exchange. Net pro- fits were 4,069,000 dollars, in spite of the enormous increase of all costs, The Grancolombiana, says the report, has shown great concern for the welfare of its personnel, SPANISH FOR BEGINNERS | TO SPEAK I speak to you You speak to me I speak to him He speaks to me I speak to them They speak to me We speak to them ’ They speak to us They speak to him TO SAY or TO TELL What do you say? I tell you my name You tell me your name He tells me something I tell him something He tells us the truth _ We tell them the truth Do you speak to me? _ Do you tell me the truth? Do I speak to you? Do I tell you the truth? Tell. me the truth? Do you want to tell me the truth? who enjoy all social benefits, The retirement fund has already more than one million pesos, which have | been well invested by the Board \of Directors. “Thanks to the independence the fleet has enjoyed—declares Cali- an, the most read Colombian. co- lumnist — and also to the intelli- gent, able and dynamic direction | of its General Manager, the Fleet lis the only semi-official agency that can show such splendid re- | sults. . The Grancolombiana Fleet tional progress.” Panamé Canal Record BALBOA, Canal Zone (UP) — Forty ships passed through the Panamé Canal last ‘Sunday, break- ing the 39-ship peacetime record | set on Oct. 6, 1934, U. S, authorities \ said today. XXVIII LESSON HABLAR Yo le hablo Usted me habla Yo le hablo El me habla Yo les hablo Ellos me hablan Nosotros les hablamos Ellos nos hablan Ellos le hablan DECIR iQué dice usted? Yo le digo mi nombre Ud. me dice su nombre El me dice algo Yo le digo algo El nos dice la verdad Nosotros les decimos la verdad éMe habla usted? éMe dice usted la verdad? iLe hablo yo? iLe digo yo la verdad? Digame la verdad éQuiere Ud, decirme la verdad? jis ene of the best factors of na-, For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., THURSDAY, MAY 23, 1957 DISCUSS IN NEW TARIFF Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ BOLIVIA — The music of Boli- via seems to be a direct reflection of the country’s landscape. In the bleak highlands, home of the Quechua and Aymara Indians, the melodies are usually sad and aus- tere. The slow, measured dances are made up of simple movements and figures. Favorite dances of the carnival season are the “cachar- caya” (in Quechua it means “to say good-bye), and the “kaluyo” a well known tap dance. Even be- neath apparently joyful holiday air, there lies a timeless melancholy of the Indian. In the valleys, on the other hand, where traditions are mainly Spanish, the popular songs are gay, rhytmical, and colorful. The “cueca” or chilena, is an ex- ample of livelier Bolivian dances. Musical instruments, some of them going back long before the time of Columbus, include the “sict,” which is generally made by tying two or more reeds together in a line. . .The sound is produced by blowing across the openings. The “quena” or reed flute, the “bom- bo” or large drum, and the “ana- ta” or big flute are also-played in native orchestras, along with the guitar, harp and other Europen in- struments that were introduced aft- er the Spanish conquest. A native adaptation of the guitar is the “cha rango,” made of armadillo shells, Until 1940, when the first sym- Phonic organization was establish- ed, comparatively little had been done in the fine art of music, The “Orquesta Nacional de Con- ciertos” (National Concert Orches- tra), under the Ministry of Fine Arts, includes works of Bolivian composers in nearly all its pro- grams, A former director of the Nation- al Symphony Orchestra, José Ma- ria Velasco Maidana, is among the most active contemporary compos- érs. His ballet ‘“‘Amerindia,” which has won wide acclaim, shows strong nationalist tendencies. In- dian folklore elements also appear in the compositions of | Antonio Gonzalez Bravo and Simeén. Ron- cal, pianist and organist, respec- tively. Another prominent pianist and composer is Humberto Visca- tra Monje. In literature, the true Bolivian novel is said to have been born with “Juan de la Rosa,” published by Nataniel Aguirre in 1885. More than an artistic masterpiece, it is a document of the struggle for in- dependence in the Cochabamba Valley. Among the other outstand- ing novelists of the last century are Eduardo Wilde, Ricardo Qui- roga and Julio César Valdés. Alcides . Arguedas, one of the country’s great modern intellectual leaders, is more than a historian and sociologist. His early novel “Wautu-Wauru” published in 19- 14, is a forerunner for indianista literature, and “Raza de Bronce,” his best novel, also shows the hard life of the Bolivian Indians. Ar- mando Chirveches belongs to the same group of realistic novelists, along with the historian and poet Jaime Mendoza, Juan Francisco Bedregal and Abel Alarcén, Spanish Version Page 3 ETI PRONUNCIATION AH-BLAHR Yo leh ah-bloh Oos-tehd meh ah-blah DEH-SEER Yo leh dee-gog me nohm-breh Ooos-tehd meh Ehl meh dee-seh . . « Vehr-dahd Deh-see-mohs . , . Deé-gah-meh CUBAN TRADE MISSION T0 WASHINGTON SCHEDULES WASHINGTON (UP)— A Cu- ban trade mission is expected to come to the United States late this year to negotiate with the United States a broad new trafiff sche- dule, it was learned today. Under the General Agreements of Tariffs and Trade (GATT), any country increasing its tariffs must offer commensurate conces- sions to nations affectted by the increase. Since most of Cuba’s trade is with the United States — an an- nual volume of more than $800,- 000,000 — any change in the Cub- an tariff schedule will call for ex- tensive negotiatons with the Unit- ed States. Authoritative Cuban sources told the United Press that the revised schedule is still under study and that it would not be completed before July. Any changes in Cuban tariff rates would have to_be ‘pre- sented to the GATT conference at Géneva by Jan. 1, 1958, which marks the opening of a three- month period allowed for the re- negotiation of trade concessions resulting from tariff changes. The sources said that the Cuban Government will probably send a trade mission to Washington well before that date. They said it was possible that Gustavo Gutiérrez, President of the National Develop- ment Commission and principal architect of the tariff reform, will head the mission. Since he is to represent Cuba at the Inter Ameri- can Economie Conference to be held at Buenos Aires beginning Aug. 15, the sources estimated that he would not come here until late September or early October. It was pointed out here that the tariff reform now being evolved by the Cuban Government is de- signed to modernize a system bas- ed on the Spanish tariffs of 1902 and modified only once, in 1927, Its chief objective, according to experts, is to bring the country’s tariff system in line with its evolv- ing economy. This means a depart- ure from the one-crop economy that has centered around Cuba’s sugar industry, into a more diversified system that would envisage gra- dual industrialization. The revised tariff schedule would seek to protect some of the new industries. The United States has long en- couraged Cuba to diversify its eco- nomy. At the same time, however, U. S. officials have always stressed that any industrialization program should be economically feasible and not of the type that would need high tariff protection. According to article 24 of the GATT agreement, Cuba’s compen- sation to the United States would have to be in direct proportion to any trade balance between the two countries. Rojas Pinilla’s Pictures Down BOGOTA (SICO) — Since May 11, a great number of pictures of ex President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla have been taken down from prominent sites in Colomb- ian public offices. From the Na- tional Capitol more than 200. were taken out and burned im- mediately. According to estimates of well informed sources, the National Press Office had distributed no Jess than two million pictures of the ousted dictator throughout the country, State Department Reaffirms Right of Batista Govt. to Purchase Arms WASHINGTON (UP)— The State Department reaffirmed the right of Cuba’s embattled Govern- ment to purchase arms from the United States under the terms of the Inter American Defense Treaty. State Department spokesman Jo- | seph W. Reap said he had no in-| formation on what kind of arms Cu- | ba bought in this country, He re- fused to comment on charges made on a national television program that U. S. arms shipments were keeping Cuban President Fulgencio Batista in power, Reap said Cuban rebel Fidel Cas- tro could not buy arms from the United States because “we recog- nize the Government of Cuba, not Castro.” Reap read newsmen a brief state- ment that said, “Cuba has subscrib- ed to the Inter American Treaty of reciprocal assistance which was signed in Rio in 1947 and as such is eligible to purchase military equip- ment from the United States to meet her requirements for hemi- spheric defense purposes.” Meanwhile, President Eisenhow- er congratulated Batista on the anniversary of Cuban Independ- ence. “It gives me great pleasure on behalf of the people of the United States to extend congratulations and best wishes to your excellency and to the people of the Republic of Cuba on this anniversary of the Independence of Cuba,” Mr. Eisen- hower said in a brief message. ARIAS DISCUSSES 1955 TREATY WITH STATE DEPARTMENT Panamanian Ambassador Ricardo Arias Espinosa repprted today he held_a “fruitful” meeting with act- ing Assistant Secretary of State Roy R. Rubottom last night. He indicated that progress was made toward an understanding on the interpretation of certain parts of the 1955 Treaty between the two countries. The meeting lasted nearly one hour at Rubottom’s office at the Department of State. The envoy explained that much of the discussion centered on the interpretation of Article 8 of the memorandum of understanding re- ferring to the purchase of dry goods, agricultural products, and other foodstuffs in the canal Zone. The article states that these goods should be purchased in the United States or Panamé “when- ever feasible.” The United States interprets this as leaving the way open for purchases in other mar- kets if they can be obtained at jower cost. But Panamé insists that the pur- chases should be made from the two countries if the commodities are available, regardless of their cost. The U.S. Department of Commerce Guides Newcomers fo World Trade International trade of the United States is constantly changing — changing in respect to products bought and sold, volume, direction, and even as to definition, states Marion A. Leonard, Manager of the Miami Field Office of the U. S. Department of Commerce. As a re- sult of these changes, many new- comers continue to be attracted to Foreign Trade. In this area, the newcomer looks to the Caribbean area, Central-American, and South American markets. Some manufacturers are enter- ing the. export business for the first time because they have new products to offer, Other new ex- porters are entering the field be- cause they see new and attractive markets. Still other manufacturers are going into export because they can now take care of domestic mar- kets and still have surplus capacity for export trade, On the import side, the continu- ed high level of prosperity and the wider interest at all income levels in imported products have stimulated many firms, heretofore concerned entirely with domestic products, to try importing. ~ Whatever the reasons which have motivated these newcomers to for- eign trade, they must aquaint themselves with the basic differen- ces between foreign trade and trade within the. United States. What are these differences? The new foreign trader must have spe- cific information on pertinent laws, regulations, practices, and current market conditions in the foreign country with which he will be conr- cerned. He must be informed, for example, on such factors as import quotas and currency regulations. Careful consideration must be gi- ven to methods of operations and of payment customarily followed in that country. Channels of distri- bution may vary in important char- acteristics from one foreign mar- ket to another. Methods of pay- ment also are likely to be more complicated, and specialized know- ledge of them is required if the most’ effective marketing is to ‘be maintained. To the prospective foreign trader the first decision must always be whether selling the product in specific markets abroad or buying a foreign product for sale in the United States is, under all cireum- stances, a good long-range pros- pect for profitable business opera- tion. A sound export or import business usually cannot be built up quickly, To help businessmen set a sound and intelligent course toward pro- fitable exporting and importing, the U, S. Department of Commerce has prepared a booklet entitled, “GUIDES FOR THE NEWCOM.- ER TO WORLD TRADEE.” The booklet points out some of the ma- jor problems involved in foreign trade and suggests methods of solv- ing them. It serves also as a guide to further study of the many as- pects of world trade, and therefore is concerned mainly with furnish- fing reliable sources of information and advice. “GUIDES FOR THE NEWCOM- ER TO WORLD TRADE” is avail- able at the Miami Field Office of the U.S. Department of Com- merce, 316 Post Office Building, 300 N. E. First Avenue, Miami, at 15 cents a copy. WASHINGTON, May 22 (UP)— |}. SDAILY [ Member Inter American Inter American Press [ Mernber rer American e For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 263 Aramburu Prevents Coup of Nationalist Tendency Switching Army Command ARMY COMMANDER IN CHIEF WAS TO BE PRESIDENT; HIS ARREST ORDERED Disciplinary measures against several Generals taken by new Army Minister BUENOS AIRES, May 22 (UP) — The President of the Revolution- ary Government, General Pedro E. Aramburu, ordered the new Minis- ter of the Army, General Victor Majo, to take command of the Ar- gentinian Army, to prevent accord- ing to a high military source, a coup which would have replaced the pre- heads of the administration for others of nationalist tendency. As one of the immediate measu- res, the Government ordered the arrest of the Army’s Commander- in-Chief, General Luis Busetti and Rear Admiral Samuel Toranzo Cal- derén, Ambassador’ to Spain. According to the source, the lightning-like serie of measures re- sulted as consequence of a meeting held last night in General San Mar- tin Grenadier Regiment Headquar- ters, in Palermo’s residential dis- trict, by several high ranking of- ficers of the Army. Their project, it is understood, was to form a new Provisional Government, with General Buset- ti as President and General Héctor Solanas Pacheco — ex Military At- taché to the Embassy at Madrid — as Minister of the Army. The same sources said that Gen- eral Solanas Pacheco is also un- der arrest and not under call as was said before. Solanas was central figure in last week controversy which culmin- ated in the resignation of General Arturo Ossorio Arana as Minister of the Army and his replacement by General Victor Majo, who was retired from active service. It was said, but not confirmed, that other two generals were re- cipients of disciplinary measures. They are General Fernando Huer- go, Commander of the Third Ar- my and the First Motorized Divi- sion, and General Miguel Villaruel, Commander of the Cavalry Corps, According to the informants, General Aramburu called back General Osorio Arana, who is now acting as Aramburu’s assesor. Ex-Under Secretary of the Ar- my, General Luis Leguizamon Martinez, who resigned at the same time that his Chief, was also recalled to active service and as- sumed command of the Army’s First Division. The controversy over Solanas Pacheco, which caused the resigna- tion of Ossorio Arana, derived from Solana’s appointment as Director of the Military College. First indications of new twists in the situation were noted this morning when presentation of cre- dentials of the new Ecuadorean Ambassador, Gustavo Pérez Chiri- boga was postponed for one hour. President Aramburu did not arrive to Casa Rosada at the appointed hour, being understood that he re- mained in‘ the Olivos Presidential residence in conference with high rank army officers and assesors, Aramburuo arrived at Govern- ment House exactly at 12 o’clock, accompanied by the Vicepresident, Vice Admiral Isaac Rojas; Minister of the Navy, Rear-Admiral Teodoro Hartung and the Minister of Aer- onautics, Commodore Eduardo Me- Loughlin. They were received by the Minister of the Army, General Victor Majo, with whom they entered the Presidential Offices, where they held a conference. At 12:30 P .M. Aramburu receiv- ed the new diplomat with the cere monies of protocol. Haitian Troops PORT AU PRINCE (UP)—Hait- ian army troops patrolled the streets of Port Au Prince Tues- day night and today to enforce the curfew imposed by the military regime which took over control of Haiti Tuesday. All persons with the exception of medical, diplomatic and military personnel and a handful of ac- credited correspondents were or- dered to remain indoors between 9 P. M.-and 4. A. M. Army pa- trols on foot and in vehicles made Enforce Curfew certain the orders were not vio- lated. The curfew was clamped on the country by the hew military ad< ministration which deposed the “ei vilian junta” government. The ar- my acted atfer the junta ordered Brig. Gen. Leon Cantave removed as chief of staff. Cantave appeared in full control insofar as Port Au Prince was con- cerned. There was no immediate information here on the reaction from other sections of the repub- lie. , Venezuela Offers Facilities to OAS WASHINGTON, May 22 (UP)— Dr. Humberto Fernandez Moran, Director of Venezuela’s Nuclear Research Program, held an inter- view with Dr. José A. Mora, Sec- retary General of the Organization of American States (OAS) to dis- cuss the conveniences that his country offers as the Inter Ameri- can Investigation Center for ap- plication of nuclear energy to medicine. After the conference with Dr. Mora, Dr. Fernandez Moran, who HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief MEXICANS DEMAND REDS’ EXPULSION MEXICO CITY, (UP)— The op- Position Nationalist Party has de- manded the expulsion from, Méxi- co of two Russian Embassy em- ployes who it said organized and firected last week’s student riots in Guadalajara. . Nationalist General Secretary Emilio Yunis Padua demanded also that the government forbid Soviet “diplomats” to leave Méxi- co City. In a letter to Foreign Miniester Luis Padilla Nervo, Yunis said Yu- ri N. Paporov and Nicolai Trofimov were the Russians who had stirred up the student disorders in Gua- dalajara. He urged Padilla to itipode travel curbs on Russian officials “like those placed on Mexicans in Mos- cow” and to deprive “some 900 Mexicans operating under orders from the Russian embassy” of their citizenship. México is one of the three Latin American nations which still maint- ains diplomatic relations with Mos- cow, TRUJILLO’S NEPHEW ILL IN MEXICO MEXICO CITY. (UP)— A Do- minican Embassy spokesman said |+ Marcos A. Trujillo, 27-year-old ne- phew of “Strong Man” Rafael L. Trujillo, is undergoing “clinical analyses. and tests, in a mental hospital here. The spokesman said he did not know the exact nature of “Truji- llo’s trouble”. He said the patient probably will spend several days in the Falcon Neuro-Psuchiatric Clinic. Trujillo arrived here by, special tors at the clinic confirmed his identity, but declined comment on his condition. MEXICAN PRESIDENT ALSO A TRAVELER: MEXICO CITY.(UP)— President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines has become the most-traveled chief executive in México’s history. He has made 60 official tours du- ting his five years in office, most of them to inaugurate or inspect public projects or visit disaster areas, and three trips outside the country. In 1953 Ruiz Cortines met Pres- ident Eisenhower in Texas to inau gurate the Falcon Dam, In 1956 he met the Chief Executives of Canada and the United States in Sulphur Springs and attended the Panama Conference of Hemisphe- Dominican Airliner Friday. Doc- Te Presidents. WATER RATIONED IN MONTERREY MONTERREY, México. (UP)— Strict water rationing was imposed on this north Mexican industrial center in the second week of the worst water shortage in the city’s history. While parts of orthern Méxi- co are enjoying plentiful rains, the scarcity of rainfall in the basin of the Santa Catarina River has drop- ped water in Monterrey reser- voirs and supply tanks to the half way mark. Officials said water ‘service -will be ‘available only seven hours a day until further notice. An oil pipe line from Tampico, converted into an emergency ac- queduct last week, has not brought enough water to alleviate the oor, age. Nuclear Research Member Countries is only 33. inaugurated an exhibi- tion of color dispositives in the main corridor of the Pan American Union, to show the construction, now being made in Caracas out- skirts, of a volt-pile type nuclear reactor. At a press conference, the Vene- zuelan scientist calculated that the reactor will be ready to be put in operation in the middle of mext year. He explained that the react- or will be installed on a surface hewn in the side of a mountain. The reactor was designed by the General Nuclear Engineering Corp. and it is being made by General Electric. It will have an initial cap- acity of 3,000 kilowatts; which could be increased to 5,000. “It will be the most advanced re- search reactor in Latin America and one of the most powerful in the world,” he explained. During his stay in Washington, Fernandez Morn will visit officials of the Atomic Energy Commission, some of which he met at Brook- haven, last week, during the sym- posium on peaceful applications of muclear energy. Argentine and Brazil formally proposed at the Committee of Pre- .sidential Representatives, to open their atomic installations to all the other Latin American coun tries interested in developing Nu- clear Energy Programs. Their plans, as well as those of Vene- zuela, for the training of Latin American scientists and technic- ians, were filed away until the time in which an Inter Ameri- can Nuclear Energy Commission, operating within the OAS and which would determine where the regional centers should be install- ed, is constituted,