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nter - American News for English -, Speaking people 4th YEAR THE AM For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., TUESDAY, MAY 21, 1957 emcee AS a EE RES, @. A. SAN. ROMAN w. President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher c. Fred M. Business Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Vice President Vice President SMITR 8. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gémez Advt. & Circ. Mgr. Shaver Manager ener a ee Ee Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs. Fla.. on February 8. 1956. re erneneae eens A DITORIAL QUALIFICATIONS OF U. S. FOREIGN POLICY MAKERS Although the qualifications required from all persons vho direct U. S. foreign affairs are multiple, it seems ‘onvenient to give emphasis egarding the humanistic culture all ssumed the immense histor nternational policy makers in Speaking in general terms, to one of them, the one those who have ical responsibility of being this nation should possess. it can be said that humanism 3 in decadence, and that exaggerated specialization, the ne that because it is exaggerated results inoperative, is bsorbing the intelligence of his reality has to take place, studious youth. And within of necessity, the choosing of he individulas who are to direct international policies of the Jnited States, that is to say direct a great part of the des- inies of the country and of the whole world, which today re closely linked to the foreig xovernment. n policies of the Washington The men who have to establish the rules for those volicies should possess a solid background of humanistic ulture, in order to be in a he psychology of other peo ‘economic characteristics, . thei better position to interpret ples, their sociological and ir historical background, in feneral, everything that may orientate the Washington egime regarding proper mea: sures to regulate the inter- tational policies of the country. It is convenient to have sp me of these matters. They sh ecialized technicians on each ould know more about their iwn fields than the others, but it is also necessary to have ifficials with a vast humanisti ic education, no matter what heir profession or specialization may be, who are in intel- ectual conditions to assimilate rapidly what their advisers _ eport to them. The illustrious statesmen who established the United itates, who conceived them as a great country and who nade possible its present international position, were men £ vast culture and intelligence moulded with a sense of 1umanism, a fact which permi' 1 formidable Fatherland, of a ogies dazzled the world. tted them to be architects of great Republic, whose ideo- The complications of present day international policies ‘equire, perhaps more than eve r, that those who direct them ye persons of ample mental capacity, with solid knowledge f what life in general is and t. If they are not, it would be of the phenomena that rules very difficult that specialists na particular field, but who are completely ignorant of the nost elementary topics of others, could, alone, successfully solve the delicate problems inherent to international policies of the day, which involve peoples of multiple and, at times, »pposed historical, psychological, sociological, economical, sultural, political and geographic characteristics. Such intellectual capacity requires, undoubtedly, that numanism be the basis of th formation of those who direct, national policies. e education and intellectual in key positions, U. S. inter- ‘uban-Japanese Trade Expansion is 'redicted by Envoy Garcia Montes TOKYO. May 20 (UP)— Cuban inister to Japan José Garcia Mon- +s today predicted that joint Cub- aJapnaese enterprise will soon msolidate still further the friend lip and good will binding the two ations. Garcia made his prediction in a vessage to the Japanese people iarking Cuba’s Independence Day. he address was printed today in sveral Japanese mewspapers. “Cuba has staged a full scale rogram of industrial expansion nd cordially extends its invitation » participate in it to foreign in-| estores, being particularly in- arested in the establishment of dint concerns of Cuban-Japnese apital. . .” the Cuban Minister aid. “It is expected that Japanese in- estors will be interested and that everal industries of mixed capital ~ SPANISH give it to you give them to you fou give them to me Tou give it to me fou give it to us fou give it to him Tou give it to them fou give it to us You give them to us Ne give it to you, him, her, them Sefor Garcia, le doy yo el libro? Le doy yo la pluma? edro, deme su libro Me da usted su libro? Me da usted cinco pesos? Doy yo la regla a la senorita A? Joy yo fésforos“a los Srs. Ay B sefores, gles doy yo algo? Qué les doy yo? Les doy yo la leccién? iefores, denme sus lapices Me dan ustedes algo, sefores? Qué me dan ustedes? Me dan ustedes sus ldpices? will be soon established that will | consolidate to an even greater ex- tent the traditional relations — of friendship and good will that bind our two nations.” Garcia Montes also told the Ja- panese that Cuba is internationally recognized as a “sort of show win- dow for the neighboring Latin American markets,” and that if of- fered “an opportunity that can be very interesting and worthwhile tor Japanese exporters.” “Today Cuba occupies a very im- portant place among exporter countries to Japan, Japan being one of our best clients in the world market of sugar and a very strong potential customer for other Cub- an commodities,” he said. He said Cuba invites “in the most fraternal way all the Japnese traders who. would be interested in our market. . .” XXVII_ LESSON Se lo doy Se — to you, to Ud. me los da Ud. me lo da Ud. nos lo da Ud. se lo da Ud. se lo da Ud. nos lo da Ud. nos los da Se lo damos | nation. Know thy Neighbor By ANTONI® RUIZ COLOMBIA The Department of Santader, located between the Magdalena River and the Eastern Range of the Andes, has an area of 12,057 square miles, and a popula- tion estimated in 830,000. The range of the Andes covers about two-thirds of the territory, thus making it one of the departments with most broken territory in the In the western part, in the Magdalena basin, there are low plains, warm and rich in pe- troleum and forest products, In the high parts there are many snow covered peaks, and in the center some small plateaus which enjoy a mild climate. Santander is seventh in area smong the Colombian departments and sixth in population. Mi- ing is the main source of wealth in the Department, although it has numerous industries. It produces the greatest portion of Colombia’s petroleum, in the rich fields of Barrancabermeja. Tobacco is one of its principal crops and it also produces 190,000 bags of coffee yearly. It produces about 3,000 ounces of fine gold and 2,000 oun- ces of silver each year. There are deposits of radioactive metals. Bucaramanga, the capital, was founded on December 22, 1622, by Andrés Paez Sotomayor, and it has 2 prominent place among the de- partment capitals of the country. It has a population of 175,000, and is called the “City of Parks” for it has some of the most beauti- ful parks in the country. Barrancabermeja, an Indian vil- lage discovered accidentally by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, on the banks of the Magdalena River, is famous for its oil industry, has a great number of wells in exploita- tion and is the starting point of a long, heavy gauge pipeline to Ma- monal, in Cartagena. It also has enormous gas plants and electrici- ty produced by gas, being the on- ly place in the country where pow- er is thus produced. The popula- tion of Barrancabermeja is es- timated in 60,000. San Gil, with a population of 19,000 is a beautiful colonial city founded in 1689, has a very attrac- tive waterfall in the Curiti ravine, plus numerous spots for excursions such as the natural park of El Gallineral, Bellavista, La Playa, and the Fonce River. In the cave of La Antigua, nearby, remains of Guanes Indians can be seen. El Socorro, with a population of 22,000 was founded in 1540, and is famous for having been the cradle of Colombian independence. The insurrection of the “Comune- ros” (the Common People) took place in El Socorro, with the cry of “long live the kind and let bad government die.” It originat- ed with the town of Chan-Chou, end is located at the edge of the Saravita River It enjoys a very agreeable, mild climate. The town of Girén, with a popu- tation of 14,000 founded in 1540, not very far from Bucaramanga; Vélez, with a population of 43,000, founded in 1539 the ancient key to the rich region of Carare; and Piedecuesta, with a population of 16,500, are all pleasant recreation spot for visitors and are connected by highway. The most important industries in Santander are oil and coal deriva- tives; - food, tobacco, shoes and clothing, beverages, textiles, che- mical products, leather goods, wooden furniture, non-electric ma- chinery, printing and publications, ete. Spanish Version Page 3 FOR BEGINNERS PRONUNCIATION Seh loh doy him, to them ‘ Me —me or to me Nos — Us or tu us Si, Ud. me lo da z Si, me la da; no, no me la da Si, se lo doy No, no se los doy Si, Ud. se la da; Si, Ud. se los da. no, no se la da No, no se los da Si, Ud. nos da algo Ud. nos da la leccién Si, Ud. nos la da Si, le damos algo Le damos nuestros lapices 8i, se los damos a SUAILY Urges Congress to WASHINGTON ‘(UP)— The Pa- nama Canal Society of Washington has launched a movement to count- er Communist and other propa- of the Panama Canal and to pre- serve its present treaty status. The society consists of former officials, engineers and employees who were engaged in the construc- tion or administration of the Pa- nama Canal. ‘With about 150 mem- bers present, the society discussed for several hours the international questions which have arisen in the wake of the Suez Canal situation. The meeting then adopted a re- solution which asserted its belief “that every just and wise con- sideration favors the retention, in perpetuity, by the United States of all its sovereign rights, power, and authority with respect to the Panama Canal and the Canal Zone, as guaranteed by existing treaties.” The resolution urged the Con- gress of the United States to make a similar declaration, reaffirming the long-standing Isthmian policy of the United States, The preamble to the resolution adopted by the Panama Canal So- ciety said that Communistic in- fluences in the United States and the world at large have long been insistent that the United States surrender control and operation of the Panama Canal to an inter- national body. It took note that certain non- communistic elements . at home and abroad have also urged such internationalization. The text said in part: “The United States, solemn treaty agreements and guarantees , assumed the great risks and obligations involved, and at huge cost to the United States undertook and consummated the construction of the Panama Canal, and has since successfully maintain ed and operated it, in strict ac- cordance with treaty provisions, for its use by all the ships of the world without discrimination; and has effectively protected, at its own expense, the Canal and the Canal Zone during the two world wars and the war in Korea”, Maurice H. Thatcher, former governor of the Canal Zone, said he feared that some tension has arisen between the United States and the Republic of Panama be- cause of Panamé’s increasing de- mands for greater benefits from the canal. “This situation is to be deplor- ed,” Thatcher said, “because as be- tween Panama and the United States all questions that affect the two countriés should be set- tled amicably through the orderly processes 6f negotiation. “It is ‘inevitable that differen- ces will from time to time arise, and offtimes there will be very strong differences involved,” That- cher continued. “But destiny has linked the two nations together and thus far th€¥ have been able to solve their differences in mu- tual respect, and these processes should continue in the future. “In this connection, I may say that if reliance cannot be placed upon “treaty agreements, then I do not know how questions arising under them can be solved. These agreements should be fully re- under | SUGAR CANE LOSSES EXAGGERATED * WASHINGTON (UP)— Cuban Minister of Agriculture Fidel Ba- rreto Martinez said Oriente Pro- vince will produce 25 per cent of the island’s sugar crop this year. This should prove, Barreto told a news conference, that reports that the “26 of July” rebels have burned thousands of acres of sugar cane there are false. He admitted “terroritsts” had set fires to cane fields in Oriente but said the dam- age had been greatly exaggerated. PUERTO RICO TO AID SUGAR CANE GROWERS SAN JUAN, P. R. (UP)— Gov. Luis Mufoz Marin announced that the Insular Government will extend aid to sugar growers who are in tinancial straits due to crop los- ses. Government experts estimated a $28 million loss to the Puerto Ri- can economy this year due to an expected 100,000 ton shortage in the island’s 1,200,000 ton quota for the U. S, market. Mufoz Marin said the Govern- ganda for the internationalization/ The Panama Canal Society of Washington Starts Movement Against Internationalization of Latin America Reafirm Retention, In Perpetuity, of All U. S. A. Rights spected by both parties; and to this end, of course, I favor the implementation by the congress and our executive branches of any features of the treaty agreements which require implementation. “On the other hand, I abjure }our Panamanian friends who are jin authority to stand squarely on |the treaty arrangements which have provided for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the canal; and'if there are differences in interpre- tations, these should be resolved in the spirit of amity.” Capitain Miles Du Val, United States Naval Officer, retired, hist- orian of the Panama Canal, said three basic international treaties underly its present international status of the canal. These are the United States- British Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1902, the Hay-Bunau Varilla Trea- ty between the United States and the Republic of Panama in 1903, and the Thomson-Urritia Treaty between the United States and Co- lombia which was negotiated in 1914 and proclaimed in 1922. Captain Du Val said that the United States has not given up the major rights, power and au- thority which were granted “in perpetuity” by the Republic of Panama in 1903 for the construc- tion, maintenance, operation sani- tation and protection of the canal. “The United States still has ju- risdiction over the Canal Zone as if it were sovereign of the terri- tory and, in accordance with the Treaty, ‘to the entire exclusion of the exercise by the Republic of Pa- nama of any such sovereign rights, a European Economic Community is no Threat to Nations MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Eu- ropean Economic Community is no threat to the Latin American coun- tries and may even be of great be- nefit to the industrial development of Latin America, according to the new French Ambassador to Méxi- co. Ambassador Jean Vyau de La- garde spoke after presenting his credentials, to President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines in a ceremony at the National Palace. The new envoys from Ecuador, Peri and the So- viet Union also presented their credentials in separate ceremon- ies. Russian Ambasador Vladimir Ivanovich Bazikin, speaking in fluent Spanish, expressed his coun- try’s “desire for peace, friendship and collaboration with mutual re- spect of interests.” The two Latin American en- voys, Ruperto Alareén Falconi, of Ecuador, and German Aramburu Lecares, of Pert, siad they “felt ed their determination to work for ed their determination to ork for the strengthening of cultural and other relations between their re- spective countries for México. French diplomat Vyau de Lagar- de referred to recent fears of Mexi- can officials that the new European Economie Community may consti- tute a threat to the economies of the Latin American countries. It had been suggested that steps be taken now to meet that threat. “The community is being created primarily to promote greater trade relations among member nations,” the French envoy said. “Instead of being a threat to Latin American countries, this new activity undoubtedly will meam that these countries will be able to buy more industrial products at power or authority”, lower prices,” he said. MEXICO CITY (UP)— Italian actress Francesca de Skaffa was reported out of danger after two attempts at suicide during Satur- day night. The 25-year-old blond movie bit- player tried to do away with her self in a fit of depression over attacks upon her in the Mexican press and charges linking her with the U. S. magazine, Con- fidential, according to her husband Mexican bullfighter Jaime Bravo. He said. his wife, who was form- erly married to actor Bruce Cabot and whom he married only two months ago, first took|an overdose of sleeping pills. He discovered her condition about 10:30 P. M. and immediately summoned an ambu- lance from the Red Cross Emer- gency Hospital. She was given treatment in the bedroom of their home and the effect of the- pills,was counteract- ed. Then about 12:30 A. M. she went into the bathroom, Bravo said and slashed both wrists with a ra- zor blade. The wound on each wrist was about two inches wide. He said he saw her emerge from the bathroom, bleeding and pale, and rushed her in his car to the hospital where she was again treat- HEMISPHERIC EVENTS ment would extend difect aid tc cane growers for new plantings plus government-insured easy term loans to cover cultivation expen- fes, Drought, hurricane.“Betsy” and labor inefficiency were blamed by Government experts for the short cane crop. Mujioz Marin said they foresaw a more disastrous harvest in 1958 unless growers received emergency Government aid. OIL SHARES SALE ‘APPROVED IN PERU LIMA, Pera (UP)— An agree- ment whereby the American-con- trolled International Petroleum Corporation acquired 50 per cent of the stock of the British owned Compafiia Petrolera Lobitos’ for eighteen million dollars became ef- fective today with the approval of Peruvian President, Manuel Prado, The Compajifa Petrolera Lobitos, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Lobitos Oilfields, Ltd., of London, and the {PC, an affiliate of the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey, concluded the agreement last Actress Out of Danger in México City After Two Suicide Attempts ed and her wrists bandaged. She passed into a coma but doctors said she was out of danger and not in a serious condition. She was taken back to their home in an ambulance and plac- ed umder the care of her physi- cian, Bravo said she had become ex- tremely nervous and upset Friday night but that on Saturday morn- ing they had gone over plans to go soon to Caracas, where he had bullfights scheduled, and then make a trip to Europe. He said she was pleased at the thought of visiting the Venezuelan capital, where she was born. But after lunch she suffered a nervous collapse and’in the after- noon she retired to rest and try to regain her composure. “The Mexican press has been treating her very cruelly,” he said in an interview. “One newspaper called her a “pornographer”. She has been attacked not only in con- nection with the Confidential Ma- gazine charges but on the matter of the recent robbery of her jewels and the fact the Interior Ministry has been putting pressure on her to leave the country because her marriage to me was illegal under Member Inter American , Press Associc¢+ion 6 For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Zi hi NG i i i ae NUMBER 261 More Cooperation from the U. S. Needed, Arias and Quintanilla Declare DREIER BELIEVES COOPERATION ADEQUATE WASHINGTON, May 20 (UP)— The United States would act only through the Organization of Ame- rican States (OAS) to stop brush. fire wars in the Americas and not on a go it alone basis, John C, Dreier, U. S. Ambassador to the OAS said yesterday. Commenting on the recent bor- der clashes between Nicaragua and Honduras Dreier said an OAS peace commission had stopped the fight- ing. He added that the United States would never commit milit- ary forces to halt hostilities in the Americas without prior OAS ap- proval. Dreier appeared on a national-| ly televised program together with Panamanian Ambassador to the OAS Ricardo Arias and Mexican OAS, envoy Louis Quintanilla. All three men were members of the OAS Peace Commission, Arias explained that before the OAS could use force to stop fight- ing it would have to obtain U. N. permission. He added that the OAS considered force only the final step in bringing war to an end. Diplo- matic and economic measures would be taken first . he emphasiz- ed. The three envoys agreed that OAS action in the Nicaraguan-Hon- duran dispute had again proved the efficacy of the collective security system of the Americas. The dispute between the two Central American nations was es- sentially a legal one, the envoys said. Communist infiltration in the Americas was not an issue. Both Quintanilla and Arias argu- ed that communists were active everywhere including the United States and that the chief danger of their activites lay in the under- ground nature of the movement which made it hard to detect. Questioned on the problem of U. S. aid to the Americas, Quin- tanilla and Arias differed with Dreier on the U. S, programs now in operation. Dreier said he be- lieved U. S. cooperation with the American Republics was adequate. But Arias and Quintanilla em- phasized they would like to see La- tin American nations develop more trade facilities with the Unit- ed States. They said Latin Ameri- ca did not need the kind of aid the Ten Wounded in U. S. supplies other nations, but said there could be more coopera- tion. This cooperation could take the form of increased loans and step- ped-up technical assistance pro- grams, they said. Deier said the U.S. now had very good programs in Latin America. He added that aid supplied other non-American nations is military assistance and aid to back up that assistance. “This is fortunately not the case in this Hemisphere”, he added. Quintanilla, in his plea for more cooperation facilities, said that La- tin American nations are the cheap est and safest friends of the United States. During the program, which co- vered a wide range of Latin Am- erican problems the envoys also made these points: 1, Panama has no intention of seizing the Panama Canal. Pro- hlems between Panamé and the United States over management of the Canal resulted from the close contact between the two nations and existed long before Nmasser was born, Arias said. 2. Panama had no objections to US. guided missile bases being placed around the Canal to protect the vital waterway. Arias said such bases were spread over the Carib- bean and up to the California coast, 3. The effectiveness of the col- lective security system in the Am- ericas made military aid to the American Republics a minor issue. 4. The Panama Canal is not obso- lete, Arias said. More traffic pas- ses through the waterway now than ever before. But construction of a sea-level canal capable of hand- ling large aircraft carriers is up to the U.S. Congress, Plans‘for such a new canal were drawn up nine a oe years ago, Arias pointed out. 5. The OAS probably function- ed better than the United Nations, but it has had nearly a century of experience in preventing Hemis- phere trouble. Dreier emphasized. that the OAS had needed to much time to reach its present status. He expressed confidence the U. N. would eventually be able to spread the OAS principle of collective se- curity throughout the world. Terrorist Acts of Rojas Pinilla’s Friends in Bogota BOGOTA, May 20 (UP)— Ca- dets of the Military School, police- men and civilian simpatizers with ousted President Gustavo Rojas Pi- nilla, engaged yesterday in terror- istie activities in this capital, leav- ing a balance of ten wounded. In Chapinero, northern section of Bogota, a group of cadets, shout- ing Long Live Rojas Pinilla, fore- ed other persons to do the same, threatening them with their sabers and hitting those who did not com- ply. The cadets concentrated at cafe doors, intercepting customers who wanted to go home to avoid incid- ents. An upper-class cadet of the Mexican law.” February, subject to Peruvian Government approval, Lobitos will transfer 50 per cent of its stock and of its rights to oil concessions in Northern Pert to the IPC, creating a “community of rights with equal participation” on Lobitos’ 13,800: claims. Of the $18 million the IPC pays the parent Lobitos Company the latter will advance eight million to its subsidiary, while the IPC invests forty million dollars to develop the company. ACCUSE HUNGARIAN ENVOY TO ARGENTINA BUENOS AIRES (UP)— Hun- garian anti-communist organiza- tions accused Hungarian Minister to Argentina, Sandor Nagy, of di- recting a campaign to discredit Hungarian refugees here and lure disillusioned freedom fighters’ back behind the Iron Curtain. The Argentine Foreign Ministry is investigating the activities of the Hungarian Legation here a- mong the 800 refugees who have arrived since the Hungarian revolt last year, Military school fired his revolver, | Latin American News in Brief It was understood that similar campaigns are being waged by Hungarian diplomatic representa- tives in all countries where Hun- garian retugees were admitted. The refugees announced the for- mation of a Buenos Aires Branch of the Former Combatants of the Hungarian revolutions and said a delegation would be sent to the World Congress of former combat- ants which will be held in Turin, Italy, next month. Veterans of the Hungarian Re- volution said refugees recently ar- rived here have received “repatria- tion certificates” which are design- ed to lure refugees back to Hun- gary. Antal Molnar, a veteran of the Budapest fighting, said he had talked with Nagy at the Legation and that Nagy had advised him to take a certificate and go aboard a communist ship stopping here to return home. ROAD TO TIJUANA MEXICO CITY (UP)— México City will be connected with the border city of Tijuana by high- wounding three ‘persons. The attacks were directed spe- cially against students, because of the prominent role they had in the ousting of Rojas Pinilla. CARDENAL LUQUE’s LETTER REVEALED Meanwhile, “El Catolicismo”, ‘Church’s official publication, re- vealed that Crisanto Cardinal Lu- que, Archbishop of Colombia, op- posed General Gustavo Rojas Pi-. nilla’s presidential re-election one week before it was adopted by the Constituent National Assembly. . The revelation was made by pub- lishing a letter sent by the Car- dinal to the then President Rojas Pinilla, on April 30th shortly be- fore the Liberal-Conservative Ci- vilian Front Presidential Canditi- ate, Guillermo Leén Valencia, was arrested in Cali. In his letter, Cardinal Luque de- clared that the National Constitu- ent Assembly did not have popu- lar origin as its members were - chosen after they pledged to re- elect General Rojas Pinilla. The Cardinal told Rojas Pinilla, also, that the designation of a third of the Deputies, made per- sonally by him, decreased the sov- ereignity of the Constituent As- sembly. The re-election was adopted any- way by the Assembly on May 8th end on that date, at night, a re- ception was held at the Presiden- tial Palace, which Cardinal Luque did not attend, The Cardinal refusal, as Head of the Church, to attend the act was interpreted as a sign of dis- agreement between the two powers whose differences were already acute, Cardinal Luque’s letter was in answer to an invitation Rojas Pi- nilla extended to the prelate to hold a conference with him at the Presidential Palace. The Cardinal did not accept the invitation and asked ex President Rojas Pinilla not to answer his let ter in which he openly said he waa against him and in favor of the Liberal-Conservative Civilian Front way by mid 1958, the Communica- tions Ministry announeed, which was fighting him with a na tional eivie stoppage. :