Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 23, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English-* Speaking people G, A. SAN President ROMAN Cc. FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor EDITORIAL FIFTY MILLION READERS At present, approximately five hundred and fifty newspapers constitute the membership in the powerful Inter American Press Association, with a total of more than fifty million readers, according to official estimates made by organizations specia- lized in those matters. It is fortunately, indeed, for the people of the Americas that there exists an organization such as this, capable of exercising a healthy and orientating influence and, above all, capable of being constantly on guard, in defense of freedom of the press. The IAPA, even with only this mission, not to mention others, is without a doubt one of the strongest bulwarks of American democracy. This does not mean, however, that IAPA by its mere existence, no matter how noble its purposes may be, has succeeded in eliminating the threats and attempts against freedom of the press. although it would be most desirable, is physically impossible. However, it is evident that the Inter American Press Association deserves credit, in a high degree, for the reduction of dangers and abuses against the free expression of thought, The moral influence of the IAPA, with its 550 members newspapers and its fifty million readers, has been a factor of extraordinary importance to curb arbirtrariness in the part of some governments and even to eliminate it, entirely, by others. The argument that abnormal and hostile situa- tions for the press are found yet, cannot be invoked to deny IAPA’s efficiency. It should be imagined what could be happening in these cases, if the gallant and sustained attitude of this Society, with immense ramifications in the lenght and width of America, would not be there. The solidarity of all the members has been, speaking in general terms, a significative fact that lends prestige to the organization and surrounds it with respect and decorum. And that is the aim of the [APA. It does not want to be feared, but res- pected for the straightforwardness of its conduct and the purity of its democratic ideals. ‘Increase Production,’ Mexicans Asked MEXICO, March 21 (UP)—The leaders of the two largest Mexican unions addressed a Manifesto to the workers of the country, in which the latter are asked to in- crease production “as the only mean of improving the living stand ‘ard of the working class.” The document, signed by the CMT, Mexican Workers Confeder- ation, and the CROM, Mexican Workers Regional Federation, ear- nestly recommends the workers to “cooperate” with management “in democratic form.” “Only through an increase in production we will be able to’ have a base for hetter salaries. “In totalitarian ‘countries, pro- duction can be increased by or- ders from the higher ups; but in countries like México, with ‘its free workers movement, this only ean be achieved with the help of the workers themselves. “With social justice as our yard- w. Vice President RE Vice President. Editor and Manager Fred M. Shaver Business Manager ete SAE A I A SARE IESE | Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs. Fla,, on February 8, 1956, 8. SMITH bette Vice President HORACIO AGUIRI Eliseo Riera-Gémez Advt. & Circ. Mgr. That, stick and with production as our instrument, the Méxican workers movement can bring benefits for itself and for the country,” the The Amewtgas For @ better understanding MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1957 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ URUGUAY — The contributions of Uruguay to science began early in her history. The effect of New world conditions upon the plants and animals brought from Europe was studied and recorded between 1773 and 1813 by José Manuel Pé- rez Castellano, whose Observations on Agriculture has become a clas- sic in Natural history. His con- temporary, Démaso Larrafiaga, was also a botanist of first rank, be- sides being active in educational reform. “Flora Uruguaya” is the basic work of José Arechavaleta, Spanish born botanist-bactericlogist, and long time director of the Museum of Natural History in Montevideo. Natural history, archaeology, and Uruguayan history were some of Teodoro Villaderbo's fields of stu- dy; medical science, especially the study of yellow fever, however, was his main interest. A large group of scientist and physicians, following Villaderbo’s example, established the School of Medicine in the capital and built up many of its ex- cellent institutes and laboratories. Francisco Sosa and’ Americo Ri- caldoni were among these eminent representatives of Uruguayan me- dical science, Nine institutes de- voted to the study and cure of di- Seases operate under the School of Medicine, while the School of Vet- erinary Medicne sponsors’ almost as many similar institutions. Cle- mente Estabile, director of the School of Humanities’ Institute of Biological Research and Sciences, is also outstanding, as is Julio Ma- ria Sosa, assistant director, and Ergasto Cordero, director of the Museum of Natural History, all of them leaders of contemporary scientific thought. Angel C. Maggiolo, founder and director of the School of Medi- cine’s Institute of Physiological Sciences, has also contributed to the advancement of all branches of science. The name of Eduardo Garcia de Zufiiga was linked with mathematics and engineering since the last century, and Walter Hill, who is also Univeristy professor, is an outstanding physicist, Uruguay: has produced many notable social scientists as well as authorities on exact and physical sciences. Men like Roberto Berro and Emilio Fournier, officials of the Inter American Institute for the Protection of Childhood, com- bine their medical training with an active interest in social problems. The modern counterpart of the 19th. century geographer and car- tographer José Maria Reyes is Eleazar Giuffra. Manifest says. CIVIL MILITIA RUMOR FALSE HAVANA, Cuba, Mar. 22 — (Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY)—The Secretary of the Presidency, Dr. Domingo Mora- les del Castillo, stated that the rumor about the Government studying the possibility of crea- ting a Civilian Militia, is false, and he added that there is neither official knowledge of this initiative nor. any purpose of creating it, as the armed forces are considered sufficient to per- form the dutles entrusted to them. Eduardo Acevedo, author of’ the most complete History of Uruguay, heads the list of prominent his- torians. Colonial history has been ably recorded by Francisco Bauza; the struggle for independence by Alcides de Maria and Carlos Maria Ramirez; diplomatic history by An- drés Lamas, and the contemporary period by José Salgado, Among the leading modern historians are Juan E. Pivel Devoto and J. M. Fernan- dez Saldena. Joaquin Requena, Tristan Narva- ja, and the historian Eduardo Ace- vedo were the 19th cemury codi- fiers of civil and commercial law. José Irureta Goyena is an expert on penal law; Juan José Amezaga, on civil law; Juan Andrés Ramirez and Juan Antonio Buero, on international lav. : Spamish Version Page 3 éCual es.su libro, Pedro? éCudles son sus zapatos? aCual es mi sombrero? iCudéles son mis guantes? iCuales son los guantes de Pedro? iCuales son sus corbatas? The red book is large. The long pencil is black. The small box is gray. The yellow pencils are good, The blue pens are bad. NOTE: As it can be seen in the above five sentences, in Spanish the SPANISH FOR BEGINNERS Vi LESSON PRONUNCIATION Este es mi libro. Estos son mis zapatos, Ese es. (Su som ibrero) Esos son sus guantes, Aquellas son, Esos son los guantes de Pedro El libro rojo es grande. El lépiz largo es negro. La caja pequefia es gris. Los ldpices amarillos son buenos, Las plumas azules agrees with it both in gender and number. What box is broken? What watch is broken? What books are torn? BROKEN, TORN 2Qué lépices estan encima de la mesa? éQué libros estén debajo de la mesa? éQué reglas son largas? éQué lapiz es amarillo? éQué profesor es éste? tQué caja esta rota 2Qué reloj esta ro <Qué libros estan — ROTO, ROTA, Los lapices asules. Los mios, Estas. Este, ése, aquél, Es el profesor de son malas. adjective follows the noun, and Roh-tah, to? Rohttoh, rotos? ospafiol. Lah “Since Feb. 26 there is freedom of expression in Cuba”, stated to the Editor of THE AMERICAS DAILY the President of the Inter American Press Association, Dr. Guillermo Martinez Marquez, who stopped briefly in Miami, accom- panied by Dr. Raoul Alfonso Gon- sé, editor of “El Mundo” of ,Hava- na, They were on their way to Lima to attend the meeting of IAPA’s, Freedom of Press Com- mittee. “In my paper I can publish any- thing I want, and the other papers can do the same,” added the out- standing Latin American, Editor of “El Pais” of Havana, a post he resigned while there was cen- sorship in Cuba. “However, —he said vehement- ly— we, journalists, are not satis- fied, because when suspension of constitutional guarantees was re- newed for 45 more days, among the articles in the suspension is No. 33, which refers to press free- dom. Although President Batis- ta officially promised IAPA that censorship would not be re-estab- lished, we believe that the right thing to do would be to put into effect Article 33 of the Constitu- tion. Then, and only then, we would be satisfied. We journalists, believe we have the right to en- joy unrestricted freedom, because we have never abused it, and be- cause we have always put the su- preme interests of the Fatherland ahead .of demagoguic party mo- tives”, “At all times —continued the il- lustrious journalist— through all the governments, every time free- dom of press has been restricted, all the Cuban newspapers, both pro-government and opposition, have demanded their right to free- ly express their opinions. We have never justified nor recognized cen- sorship, and we have maintained always a perfect unity and a com- mon front before the governments that have restricted freedom of ex- pression.” “Only two weeks ago, President Batista promised IAPA not to es- tablish press censorship again and to study the exclusion from con- stitutional guarantees suspension of Article 33 of the Constitution. The serious events which took Place in Havana a week ago, may- be the most critical of past times, gave us base to reaffirm the will of the Government not to rees- tablish censorship. Now we only hope and wish that justice be granted to the Cuban press and that Article 33 of the Constitution be established in its total scope.” To end his important declara- tions, Dr. Guillermo Martinez Mar- quez, in categoric manner, said: “There is never reasons to im- plant censorship in a democratic country. The peoples have always the right to be informed. The more difficult any situation is, the more need to difuse the truth more and better. The diseased are not cured by hiding from their fam- ilies the illness they suffer. For this, I am sure that, in a very short time, we will be able to say with legitimate pride that there HERE IS NEVER REASON: IMPOSING PRESS CENSORSHIP IN A DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY” Declares IAPA’s President in Miami, On His Way to Meeting in Lima, Perd between the Americas is ample and unrestricted freedom in Cuba, The Cuban people is worth of it and the Press has won itt, Dr. Martinez Marquez, after inaugurating the meeting of the | IAPA Press Freedom Committee, at Lima, will leave for San José, Costa Rica, where he will preside the meeting of the IAPA Board of Directors. c Dr. Raoul Alfonso Gonsé, out- standing newspaperman who edits Havana’s El Mundo, graciously re- Dr. MARTINEZ MARQUEZ fused to make any declarations about his report on matters en- trusted to him within the Press Freedom Committee, because, ‘as it is natural —he said— “I should speak first, at the Committee, with my esteemed colleagues”. The illustrious travelers were welcomed at the airport by the Editor of THE AMERICAS DAILY, Horacio Aguirre and Braniff Air- ways Sales Representative, John R. Morgan. FOR Mora to Give Reception fo Editors of ‘IT’ Magazine Edition Dedicated to South America NEW YORK, March 22 (UP)— The monthly magazine “Seven- teen,” published for the young girls of the United States, dedic- ates its current edition completely to South America. “Seventeen,” which has millions of readers among the young girls of the United States, publishes in its April edition, in the news stands now, articles, photographs, draw- ings and stories on fashions,’ the eulinary art, culture and customs of South America. The magazine states this is the first time North American maga- zine dedicates a complete edition to South America. Enid A. Haupt, editor of Seven- teen, says that “the future of hemi- spheric unity, never so great and 80 necessary as it is now, depends on young people.” “For this reason — she adds — we are proud to be the first maga- zine presenting to our young wom- en, the young women of South America and the manner in which they live.” The Secretary General of the Or- ganization of American States (O AS), Dr. José A Mora, will offer a reception, at the Pan American Union Building, on March 28, to Mrs. Haupt and the magazine Se- venteen, thanking them for de- dicating a complete edition to South America. The Ambassadors of the 21 Ame- rican Republics have been invited to the celebration. The magazine also states that the Governments of ten South Ameri- can countries, the OAS, Panagra and Panamerican Airways assisted the staff in the preparation of this special edition. Significant Increase in Cuban Nafional Income is Forecast WASHINGTON, March 22 (UP) The Commerce Department report- ed that rising sugar prices and authorization for a larger crop forecast a significant increase in Cuba’s national income. The report appeared among the regular series of economic surveys of other nations circulated for the information of U. S. businessmen. It was published in the department- al magazine called Foreign Com- merce Weekly. “Approximately 95 of the 161 sugar mills in Cuba had started grinding by the end of January, and no labor stoppages of national significance ocurred”, the report stated. “Some concern existed that the continued scarcity of rainfall might result in production below the of- eicially authorized expanded crop of 5,150,000 Spanish long tons and that the strong upward surge of sugar prices might encourage in- creased sugar plantings to the ex- tent of producing a surplus situa- tion by 1956 or 1960, similar to that in 1952, when production had to be cut back drastically. “Industrial expansion received major attention in the month. Ma- ny statements and news stories from private and official sources on the country’s economic develop- ment stressed achievements and forecast even more favorable pro- gress in the year ahead. The Presi- dent of the Cuban National Bank announced that over $600 million had been invested in new or ex- panded industries since 1952 and predicted a continuation of this trend. “Widespread publicity was giv- en also to the statement of the U. S. Department of Commerce. . . that projects announced through 1955 meant a minimum investment of approximately $205 million from U. S, sources between 1955 and 1960. “Particularly gains were made in merchandising. Sales of tractors, electric . appliances, dry goods, cars and trucks were at high le- vels, and sales of agricultural ma- chinery rose, owing to favorable developments in the sugar situa- Mitchell to Member Inter American For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Press Association NUMBER 213 Testify on $1.00 Minimum wage for the Panama WSHINGTON, March 22 (UP) —Secretary.of Labor James P. Mit- chell will testify Monday on a bill that would keep $1.00 Federal Mi- nimum Wage Law from. applying to the Panama Canal Zone, Guam, and Wake Island, a Senate Labor and Public Welfare Subcommittee spokesman announced today.. Mitchell has already stated that he is against such a proposal. The bill~was introduced in the Senate two weeks ago by Sen. H. Alexan- der Smith of New Jersey, on be- half of the Department of Defense. Only last week the Labor De- partment ruled that the $1.00 minimum wage law of-the Fair Labor Standards Act applies to the Panama Canal Zone. It ruled that stevedores who objected to loading scrap aboard a Japanese vessel for the $.60 prevailing minimum wage had to be paid the $1.00 minimum wage. The Labor Department spokes- man said today wage and hour officials are investigating the mat- ter. On Monday hearings on the ex- tensions of the minimum wage act to certain overseas areas will be concluded. A committee spokes- man said it was too early to say which senators are for or against the measure. To date none have made public statements that would indicate their positions. Navy Secretary Charles Thomas repeated at a hearing yesterday what he had already made public in a letter the previous week. Panama Opposes Elimination of Minimum Wage in the Canal Zone | WASHINGTON, March 22 (UP) —Panamanian Ambassador Ricar- do Arias said today he has been in- structed by his Government to “do everything possible” to avoid eli- mination of the $1-per-hour mini- mum wage rate in the Canal. Zone. Wages of $1 an hour became the national standard by law recently but the U. S. Navy Department, speaking on behalf of the U. S. armed services, asked the Labor Committees of the Senate and House to pass legislation exempt- ing the Canal Zone from the Iaw on the grounds that higher wages in the U. S. territory would harm the economy of the adjoining Pan- amanian economy. The Panamanian Ambassador said today, however, that it is his Government’s feeling that the $1 minimum “will in no way affect our economy.” He said that he was requested to make this view known by Pan- amanian Foreign Minister Aquilino Boyd. Arias, former President of Pana- ma, said he has always held the view that higher living standards in the Canal Zone can only benefit, rather than harm, the Panamanian Republic. “T have now been instructed,” he declared, “to do everything I ‘pos- sibly canto avoid the elimination tion. The boom in sales of road- building and other industrial equip ment leveled off some. . .” The report discussed many other phases of Cuban economy. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS | COFFEE AGREEMENT IN EL SALVADOR SAN SALVADOR, El Salvador— (UP)— An agreement reached here by five coffee producing coun- tries was interpreted in trade cir- cles as designed to prevent any sudden influx of Central American coffee in world markets. Representatives of coffee pro- ducers in Colombia, México, El Sal- vador, Costa Rica and Guatemala concluded the agreement at a meeting held at the initiative of the first three countries listed. Colombia, world’s second larg- est producer after Brazil, was de- scribed as especially concerned that Central American production be marketed gradually in order to maintain price stability. The main points of the agree- ment, as interpreted by trade sources, call for: 1, In each producing country, an official body will\buy coffee in the open market whenever there is a drop in the price. 2. The market price will be fix- ed by agreement among the pro- ducers, 3. Central American eoffee pro- duction will be marketed gradual- ly throughout the coffee year, in- stead of being offered for sale all at once following each crop, which in the opinion of some leading pro- ducers, tantamounts to “dumping” and depresses prices. PROTECTION FOR U. S. AMBASSADOR IN CUBA HAVANA (UP)— Precautions to protect U. S. Ambassador Ar- thur Gardner have been taken “as a matter of course” in view of rum- ors circulating that Cuban rebels were plotting to kidnap him, an Embassy Statement said. The rumor, said. to have originat- ed in Miami, Fla., was described as “fantastic” by the’ statement, how- ever. It pointed out that kidnaping the Ambassador would “serve no useful” purpose and would be “the fastest way to lose sympathy and support in the United States.” The statement emphasized that United States officials here refrain strictly from intervening in Cuba’s internal affairs and are taking no sides in the current. struggle be- tween the government of President Fulgencio Batista and its revolu- tionary opponents. TEXAS GRADUATE GETS MINISTRY BUENOS AIRES (UP)— Julio Cueto Rua, 35-year-old graduate of Southern Methodist University, of Dallas, Tex., announced he ‘had ac- cepted the Ministry of Industry and Commerce offered him by Presi- dent Pedro E. Aramburu. A lawyer from La Plata, identi- fied with the Conservative Party, Cueto Rua will be sworn in to- morrow,’ completing Aramburu’s cabinet. He will succeed Rodolfo Martinez who resigned a week ago. Cueto Rua lived in the United States during the latter part of the Juan OD. Perén dictatorship and taught at SMU, his Alma Mater. He is the author of several books on law and a past President of the Argentine Institute of Juridical Philosophy. ARGENTINE ENVOY GIVES DINNER ‘WASHINGTON (UP)— Argen- tine Ambassador to the Organiza- tion of American States and Mrs. Eduarco Augusto Garcia gave a dinner for the retiring Argentina | Latin American News in Brief Minister-Counselor and Mrs. Alber- to Benegas Lynch. Benegas Lynch, who came to the United States with Argentine Am- bassador to the United. States, Adolfo Vicchi, in December 1955, will return to Argentina April 14. Ambassador Vicchi who is resign- ing to enter Argentine politics will return to Argentina the first week in May. Among the U. S. officials who at- tended were Roy P. Rubottom, Jr., acting Assistant Secretary of State for Inter American Affairs and U. S. Senator Warren G, Magnuson of the State of Washington. MEXICAN MOVIES MOURN OFFICIAL MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Me- xican Motion picture industry mourned the death of Adolfo Fer- nandez Bustamante, head of the office of public entertainment, who died Monday after a heart at- tack. He was 56. Fernandez complained of a pain in the chest while at work in his office yesterday and died shortly afterwards : Canal Zone. Thomas, speaking for the Depart ment of Defense, said that exten sion of the $1.00 Minimum Wage Law to the Canal Zof, Guam, Wake Island, or to foreign coun tries where the United States haw“ bases, would cost the government approximately $640,000,000 within the next two or three years, Thom as based his figures on the large amount of construction now going on and expected in those areas, The Navy Secretary said the $1.00 minimum wage law is too high for overseas areas. He argued that the average wage paid in areas like the Canal Zone and foreign bases are lower than the $1.00 minimum wage. When the $1.00 minimum wage is paid in these areas, Thomas testified, # results in the disruption of the economy of the country. In addition to minimum wage, Smith's bill would restrict maxi+ mum hours and child labor laws from applying to the Canal Zone and other offshore areas. The bil} also provides for the establishment of an industry committee that would recommend minimum wage laws in these areas. This set. up is now in operation in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoam The Minimum Wage Law of the Fair Labor Standard Act of 1938 applies to employees of U. S. con-, tractors engaged in commerce of the production of goods for com» merce wherever the U. S. flag flies. : of the $1 minimum wage im the Canal Zone.” The Ambassador explained that the $1 wage minimum had been applicable technically since i was instituted by law in the United States, but that it was never put in- to effect until some labor unions formally complained to the Lahor Department. Last week the Depart- ment ruled that employers were obligated under law to pay the same rate as in the United States in this respect. At the same time, the Ambassa- dor said he had been informed that the U. S. officials last night sent to Congress draft legislation to implement the 1955 Treaty-be tween the two countries. The bills include the transfer of United States-held land to the Pan- amanian Government, the exten- sion of civil service pensions and other prerogatives to Panamanian citizens working in the Canal Zone, as well as wage increases to Pana- manians doing the same work,as United States citizens who are now getting higher pay. EQUAL WAGES FOR EQUAL WORK Most controversial of the bills is the one concerning a single wage for both native and U. S. person- nel doing the same job in the Zone. This issue has been a controver- sial one almost since the Canal was built. Until now, a different wage scale has applied to Pana- manian employes, regardless ..of the work being done. The new bill, which the Panam§ Canal Company office in Washing- ton said is designed to honor the labor commitments made in the treaty and accompanying letters will provide that all employes..of the U. S. Government performing the same work will have the same title and the same wage. A bill to extend civil service re- tirement benefits on the same ba sis to native and U. S. employes al- so is designed to eliminate present inequalities of payments to the Panamanians. co The bills to be introduced «in Congress today reportedly do not include any measure to allow an exemption for Panamanian. em ployes from the U. S. federal, mi nimum wage requirement of $1 an_ hour. ane House Labor Committee sources said, however, they anticipate such a bill will be introduced. ‘ committee approved such a bill year, but it was never passed by the House. Panamfé now favors keeping the $1 standard without an exemption. b At least one other measure also is yet to be proposed by the Ad ministration and sent to Congress. It is a bill to provide funds for increasing the annual annuity ,to the Panamanian government from $400,000 to $1,900,000 a year. The question involved in this bil is whether the increased annuity''ts to be paid from the income of the Canal Company or from the W. & Treasusy, Dee