Diario las Américas Newspaper, October 16, 1956, Page 10

Inter-American News for English- Speaking people 4th YEAR oo, G. A. SAN ROMAN’ C. W. SMITH S. SMITH President Viee President Vice President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advertising and Circulation Mgr bHshed daily except Monday — Bmntered as second class ie at the Post Office of Miami Springs. DITORIAL Fle. op February ¢ 1956. DEMOCRACY AND THE SCHOOL For the democratic system to function in the ast possible way, and thus accomplish its generous olitical mission, it is necessary that public educa- on is provided to all citizens, so that they may, ‘hen properly qualified, exercise their political ights with the desirable good judgment. If in every democracy the will of the majority ist prevail, without disregarding, of course, the ssential rights of the minorities, it is necessary hat the majority of the citizens of the country have he adequate training which is obtained at the) chool, so that the national criterion will respond o the dictates of logic and to the responsibilities avolved in citizenship. In the field of ignor: ance, dividing and absurd emagoguery is easily rooted, and at the same time sae sos | : facilitates the enthronement of any deceiving |cqualled only by that of the Ma- ystem of force, or keeps it in power, because the overeign will of the people cannot be manifested ‘ith the opportune common sense and courage emanded by circumstances. It is, therefore, a t ask of immense political canscendence, to do everything possible for the preading of culture in a ot be the privilege of a country, so that it would few to have access to the rientating and productive sources of education. A vital need for dem ducational programs, well applied, which bring the! ght to the intelligence of all the children and ouths of each country, i ocracy is the existence of n order to avoid that the ational destinies take disastrous paths, for lack of n opportune interventio n of the people, for lack f facilities which, within a sober democracy, give ‘ay to pronouncements of a proud people who knows ow to distinguish between what is convenient and that is harmful for the nation. The eminently democratic governments should ngage in giving as much education as possible, 2 all the people, so that they may be up to the olitical responsibilities, and, as a source of ublic power, as sovereign, his mission is dignified ‘ith decor and effectiveness. Of course, there are other transcendental enefits, outside the political field, that can be erived from education. In all aspects of individual nd collective life, the degree of instruction of a erson has marked importance and on it depends, to ertain degree, the success of all. But to leave the iatter on strictly political grounds, it is well to emember and point out t hat democracy, in order to lourish and achieve institutional victory, requires s nourishment the support of well trained people, apable of supporting leaders whose government rograms are in accordance with the needs and ignity of the nation. Argentina to Import Entire Plants, Including the Workers, from Italy ROME —(UP)— Ambassador ustaquio Méndez Delfino, chief ‘ an Argentine mission touring even European nations negotiat- ig financial and economic accords, 1id that his work in Italy was pro- vessing satisfactorily and that greements will be initialed “a- vund the end of the week.” The tall suave and highly-po- shed diplomat told United Press an interview that, after initial- .g the result of his work in Italy, 2 will return to Paris to wind up 2gotations which were begun ere on Aug. 10. Delfino indicated that the tough- st problem tackled by Argentine id Italian financial experts was CHRIST, BOLIVAR, ROJAS PINILLA, AND INGRATITUDE BOGOTA, Octubre 15 (UP) — »resident Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, went to Lorica, Department of 2érdoba to inaugurate the road inking that city with the rest of the country, Rojas Pinilla delivered an ad- iress in which he brought out she exploits of his Government n the field of material accom- alishments, The President warned that those who pretend to create dis- sord between the Church and the State “will not prevail and he nade new expressions of hope ‘or the union of all Colombians, Rojas Pinilla said: “Humani- y was ungrateful to Christ. The Zolombian people was ungrate- ‘ul to Bolivar. So, it would not surprise me that the people, n general, notwithstanding the work of progress achieved, would De ungrateful te this Govern- nent, the debt Argentina owes to Italy. He said that the exact amount of the debt was the thorn in the dis- cussions. Delfino said: “There are various figures mentioned in this debt which expires in 1966. “I am confident that because of the atmosphere of cordiality in which the talks have been held in Rome we will reach an agreement on this point in a manner satisfact- ory to both parties.” He said that one of the most in- teresting sides of his European work consisted in the fact that money due to Argentina from five European nations could be used by the South American Republic in any other nations. He said: “If Italy should import certain amount of wheat from Ar- gentina, that money can be sent directly from Rome to, for instance Paris, to pay for goods which we may import from France. The na- tions which will operate in this manner with Argentine, will be Italy, France, Great Britain, Ger- many and Holland.” The other six nations with whom bi-lateral agreements will be reach- ed with are: Austria, Sweden, Switzerland, Noway, Belgium and Denmark, Delfino said, He said that because of his tight schedule he doubts that he will be able to visit all these nations on this trip. Delfino indicated that the pre- sent negotiations also regard the importation of Italian heavy indus- try into Argentina. “Not only machinery,” he said, “but entire plants with swilled workers. This will speed up the indistrialization of our country.” “For other possible details, Del- fino said, you will have the joint communique which will be issued as soon as the talks are concluded. For a better understanding THY | NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ | PERU — When the Spanish con- quistadores arrived in the terri- tory which now is the Republic of Perd, early in the 16th. century, they found a highly developed ci- vilization known as the Inca Em- pire, which extended far out and away from the borders of present day Peru. It has as its capital the magnificent city of Cuzco, which, together with Machu Picchu, the Lost City, cointain the greatest ar- cheological gems to be found in all of South America. The Inca nation, believed to have emerged late in the 11th. or early in the 12th, century, was established by a tribe of Indians of the Quechua language group, who succeeded in bringing into a social, political and religious unit all the inhabitants of a region stretching from north of Quito, Ecuador, to the River Maule, in central Chile. By the time of the Spanish conquest, the Inca Empire had achieved a de- gree of civilization unsurpassed in jthe Western Hemisphere, and yas and Aztecs of Central America and México. Not very long before the Span- ish invasion, the Empire had been divided into two parts, the north-| ern under Atahualpa and the southern under Huascar, both sons of the Inca Huayna Capac, who had decreed such division a short time before his death. The brothers, however, were jealous of | each other, and engaged in a bloody struggle for hte control of the whole Empire. This struggle, in which Huascar was killed, creat- ed a state of civil unrest, weaken- ing the nation and making the con- quest by the Spaniards much eas- ier, Pascual de Andagoya, who cruis- ed along the Pacific coast in 1522 and discovered a region called Bi- ru, or Peru, was the first of the| Spanish explorers to set foot on Peruvian territory. The conquest, | however, was accomplished by| Francisco Pizarro, who sailed southward from Panamé in Janu- ary, 1531, and in the following year | set out over the mountains to Ca- jamarca, where Atahualpa’s forces were assembled. When the Inca re- fused to acknowledge the supre- macy of the Spanish King and the Christian religion, Pizarro ordered his men to fire upon the Inca war-| riors, and in the short battle which | followed, Atahualpa was taken pri- soner. Although the Emperor paid an enormous ransom in gold, silver and jewels for his release, he was charged by the Spaniards with various crimes and put to death on May 3, 1533. With its great lead- er dead, the Emprie crumbled un- der the fierce onslaught of the | Spaniards, and Pizarro triumphally | entered Cuzco in November 153. Cuzco, besides being the capital of the great Empire, was something like a model city. Its buildings, whether civil, ecclesiastical or mi- litary, were archetypes, and as the Empire extended over other peo- ples in the Andes and the coast, these were reproduced throughout the rest of the dominion. Although Cuzco has been destroyed several times, the first time at a very re- mote age, and later as a result of the Spanish occupation, this city still preserves monuments corres- ponding to these different periods of its history, each one of which the archaelogists have been able to define, Two years after the surrender of Cuzco, in 1535, Lima, the present day Peruvian capital was founded, and expeditions were being sent from there by Pizarro to southern regions which today are the repub- lics of Bolivia and Chile. In June, 1542, Pizarro was killed by his own men, putting an end to a ruthless but glorious life, as well as to one of the most important periods in the history of Peru. (Continued tomorrow) Spanish Version Page 3 PANAM HIGHWAY BE OPEN TO COSTA RICA NEXT JUNE MEXICO, Oct. 15—(UP)— The Pan American Highway will be opened to traffic from Canada to Costa Rica on June next year, de- clared an official of the Guatemal- an Government. Juan Luis Lizarralde, Minister of Communications of Guatemala, de- clared that the only important sec- tion not finished, north of Panama, is being rushed for completion in Guatemala. “This does not signify that the section will be completely finished by next June — he explained — but it will be possible to go through on it at any moment and to travel by car, easily, from Méxi- co to Guatemala City, Washington Board of Trade. — (Photo Carlo A. Maggi). between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1956 CITIZENS OF THE AMERICAS ARE HONORED WASHIGTON, D. C. — The National Citizens Committee for Colombus Day, in a ceremony at the Hall of the Americas, Pan American Union, honored five citizens of the Americas for their outstand- ing contributions to Interamerican solidarity and well-being. Presentation was made by the Committee’s Secretary, John W. White, who is executive director of the U. S.-Interamerican Council, photo appear four of those honored, from left to right: CAS DAILY (DIARIO LAS AMERICAS); Mr. Henry F, Holland, ex-Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs; Mr. White; Dr. José A. Mo ra, Secretary General of the Organization of Ameri- can States, and Monsignor José Joaquin Salcedo, Secretary General of the Cultural Popular Action of Colombia. The ceremony was under the auspices of the International Commerce Committee of the Di. Horacio Aguirre, Editor of THE AMERI-. In the LIMA, Peri —(UP) —A theory advanced by a United States distil- lery that vodka was invented by ancient Peruvians left serious Pe- ious drinkers remained stupefied. “Impossible was the comment of Prof. Fortunato Carranza San Marcos University, who is re- cognized as a leading authority on jancient Peruvian booze. “The In- cas had no distilleries, he ex- plained. Publicker Distillers Products, Inc announced in Philadelphia a few days ago they had “documentary proof that vodka originated in Pe- ru and was carried from America to Russia by sea roving Scandinay- 1ans in the eleventh century. An- cient Peruvians called it ‘chatka, the announcement said. The Incas made fermented drink from corn but used it only in cere- monial occasions, Prof. Carranza said. “There were no heavy drink- ers in Peri until the white man came. In Lima bars the reaction to the New York report could be sum- marized as “sssoo what? A local newspaperman whose solid reputa- tion a men who will drink any- thing was a little more articulate, however: “Indigenous people have made | liquor out of almost everything, | jhe said, gazing into his pisco | | the local firewater — “they still do, away back in the mountains. I’ve | druk Indian stuff made from corn, | wheat, cactus, sugar cane and yuc- | ca, The raw material varies from | one part of the country to another. | The Indian just uses whatever is handy. A companion volunteered: “I’ve seen a chatka distillery made by || HEMISPHERIC EVENTS | Latin American News in Briet ALL, TIME RECORD IN U. S, COFFEE IMPORTS WASHINGTON—(UP)— __Unit- ed States green coffee imports in 1956 may set an all-time record for total valuation — exceeding $1,- 500,000,000 — if the monthly aver- | age from January through July | continues until year-end, according | to official statistics obtained ex- clusively by United Press. But the average import value per pound in the first seven months} of 1956 was below the annual aver- age for any year since 1951, and) was 15 cents per pound below the | peak year 1954, According to Commerce Depart- | ment figures, United States im- ports of green coffee in January- July period this year were 1,760, 777,317 pounds valued at $889,- 638,000 compared to 1,391,970,961 pounds valued at $757,586,000 in same perjod of 1955. The average imports price in first seven months of 1956 was - Peruvians Deny Responsibility for the Development of Vodka ruvian scholars breathless, and ser- | of | 50.53 cents per pound, ,the Indiams entirely from clay. Confronted by the fact that the is sometimes made, originated in the Andes, Prof. Carranza asserted that before Columbus discovered | America 464 years ago, the Incas | never used the potato to make al- coholic beverages. “The ancients fermented corn jand the fruit of the “moll” tree by | chewing them and then spiting out and collecting the juice, Carranza said, “as far as I can learn, the dis- | tillery was not known in Pert un- til the white man came. Several authorities pointed out that chatka, a distilled liquor made | Gonzdlez Unveils BOLIVAR, West Virginia, Oct. |15—(UP)— The Government of | Venezuela donated a monument of this city which bears the name of the Liberator. Dr. César Gonzalez, Venezuelan Ambassador in the Unitee States, unveiled the statue in a ceremony held here. It was accepted in the name of the municipality, by the Mayor C. FE. Garten and, in the name of the people, ley O. Staggers. Gonzalez said that this city of West Virgina was the first to adopt the name of the Liberator, among the thirteen which have his name potato, from which Russian vodka } from sugar cane still is produced | in some Peruvian provinces today. | Bolivar Monument | by Representative Har- | |totaled $63 million, and new in- 2.10 meters, topped by a bust of | vestments totalling $16,550,000 in Simén Bolivar, in natural size, to} in the United States. BRAZILIANS RESTRICT RADIO AND T, V. RIO DE JANEIRO—(UP)—New | Executive regulations giving the government wider powers to sus- pend and close radio and televi- sion stations became effective to- day with publication in the Of- ficial Gazette. The regulations, issued by Min- ister of Transportation and Public Works Lucio Meira, list among the reasons for which the Government can suspend for 30 days or revoke the license of radio and T. V. sta- tions: “The transmission of programs likely to cause subversion of the publie order, and those which in- cite labor strikes, or animosity among the armed forces or among civil institutions, or collective civil disobedience of the law, or dis- respect of constituted authority.” Officials explained that enact- ment of such regulations by exe- cutive decree was possible be- cause radio and television are pub- lic services subject to government Guatemala Goes Forward Under © Free Goverment GUATEMALA CITY (UP) Guatemala’s gross national revenue for 1955 reached the record total of $609 million, Economy Minister Salvador Saravia said. The year 1955 is considered the first stable year of the liberation regime that overthrew the pro- communist regime of former presi- dent Jacobo Arbenz. In 1953, the last full year of the Arbenz regime, gross national | revenue totalled $533 million. In| 1954, it reached $547 million, des- pite the blow to the economy suf- fered through the revolutionary change in government. Saravia said that under the li-| beration government, Guatemala’s economic development has ‘been unprecedented. He attributed it to the sound policies of the govern- ment which, he believes, have re- stored the confidence of Guatemal- an capitalists and the people in general, The Minister contrasted the “flight of capital from Guatemala in 1953, which he estimated to have 1955. Saravia said corporate earn- ings last year amd this year have been “very satisfactory and ‘are an indication of the economic re- covery being experienced by Gua- | temala. According to the minister, 18 new industries have been establish- ed in the country, for the manu- facture of rubber tires, aluminum goods and other products. The gov- ernment, he said, sacrificed $1,- 763,719 in tariff duties from which | imported industrial installations | “| weakened. were exempt, as an encouragament to industrial development, regulation. At the same time, it appeared that a government bill giving au- thorities power to shut down news- papers for certain offenses faced rough going in congress and was unlikely to get early passage. The bill has met strong and un- animous opposition from Brazilian newspapers and from many politi- cians and there has been a subse- quent relaxation of pressure from the Brazilian army for curbs on freedom of the press. APPOINTMENT RIO DE JANEIRO—(UP)—Pre- sidente Juscelino Kubitschek has appointed Rear Adm, Otacilio Cun- ha as President of the National Atomic Energy Commission. This newly-created commission will depend directly from the Pre- sident’s office. Its chief task will be to study the measures to be taken to develop Brazil’s atomic policy. Creation of the commission fol- flowed Brazil’s cancellation of | University, Ecuador, to study ve- For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Member Inter American Press Association NUMBER 83 Latin American Monetary Fund Needed to Complete Industrialization Process DIRECTOR OF UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA SAYS SAO PAULO, Brazil, Oct. 15 — (UP) Rail Prebisch, Director Gen- eral of the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), after saying that the United Nations opens new roads for the industrial- ization of Latin America, com- mented about the possibility of es- tablishing a Latin American Mone- tary Fund and spoke about the re- forms of exchange in some coun- tries. Referring to the inaugural ses- sion, today, of the III Technical Steel Conference Prebisch explain- ed that “the Conference was or- ganized jointly by the United Na- tions and the Brazilian Metals As- sociation, under the auspices of the Brazilian Government. | The Director General pointed | out that “problems of the indus- | tries, transformation of iron into} steel and other matters related to siderurgy will\be studied in it. “This is very important — he added — due to the present phase of industrial development of coun- tries like Brazil, Argentina, Méxi- co, Colombia and Chile. “These countries completed the primary steps of industrial de- velopment, by producing articles of common comsumption. We can- not continue substituting imports of these commodities as they are already exhausted and a new sy- stem of industrial production is needed in those countries as, other- wise, they will be economically Therefore, we must engage in substitution of other articles which will set forth more completed industries with a bigger volume of capital. Prebisch pointed out that “all this would signify new problems, and that the experiments be- ing carried out in more advanced countries will be more useful to reach conclusions. The Director General of ECLA continued saying that “the technic- al view points of both sides could give origin to methods of adapta- tion of foreign methods in, Latin American countries also. This is the purpose of the Conference. He said afterward that, with it, it is “also demonstrated that it is not true that the new countries do not act in the United Nations. On the contrary — he said — the UN opens a new trail which brings the feeling that industrialization of these countries is an element of great importance. Deputy Enzo Giaevhero, high au- thority of the European coal and steel community, Alexander Stak- hovich, member of the market Di- vision of the same community and Emile Achnieder, Giorgio Emmo and Derek Prag, of the same European organization, arrive to- day at Sao Paulo. After referring to the Confer- ence, Prebisch told newspapermen: We are studying, in accord with instructions from the governments integrating the ECLA, the possibi- lities of a new system of payments among the Latin American coun- tries. As ity is well known these countries carry on very important trading by means of covenants. “I have no doubt that these pacts will be very advantageous. They permit a better interchange, eras- ing the obstacles we find today. To this end, there will be a meeting at Santiago in November. This will be the first session of the Trading Committee, which is a subsidiary organism of the ECLA, to study interchange problems. Answering a question from a newspaperman, Prebisch replied: “Without referring to any country, if the exchange reform goes to- gether with a careful policy of cre- dits and wages Ido not seet how it could lead to inflation. We should not forget that the exchange reform consists in acknowledging a fact, being tried to hide with the artifi- cial value of currency. It is neces- sary to give the currency its real value. Ps Prebisch finished by saying that “the exchange reform made in Ar- gentina, exactly a year ago, con- sisted in the recognition of a reali- ty which was noted there: “the con- sequence of a strong inflation”. Since the exchange reform was adopted, considerable results in the agricultural and cattle production were obtained. They are of such nature that by 1957, it is possible to foresee a notable reduction of the foreign payments balance, only as thhe result of that measure. Guggenheim Scholarships Granted fo 8 Latin American Scientists NEW YORK, Oct. 15 (UP) — The John Simon Guggenheim Foundation announced to have granted 28 scholarships for a total of $113,000 to scientists, investi- gators, artists, ete. from Latin Ame- rica and Philipines. The Latin American and the studies they will take up, are: Botanic: “José Ploper, Sub-Director of the Agriculture Experimental Station in Tucuman, Argentina, to study hybridization of plants. Jaime Diaz Moreno, Assistant Phyto pathologist in the Agricul- tural Interamerican -Cooperative Service and Professor of Guayaquil getal pathology with special refer- atomic energy cooperation agree- ments with the United States in, order to recast its own program. ANNIVERSARY RIO DE JANEIRO —(UP) The huge statue of Christ the Redeem- er on a mountain overlloking Rio de Janeiro is 25 years old. The occasion was observed with an Eucharistic procession, -includ- ing Roman Catholic Church, Government and military authori- ties and with a high pontificial Mass celebrated by Jaime Cardinal de Barros Camara, archbishop of Rio de Janeiro, BRAND RECEIVED BY ARAMBURU BUENOS AIRES—(UP)— Pre- sident Pedro E. Aramburu receiv- ed Vance Brand, vice president of ence to diseases of the potato. Dr. Thomas Van der Hammen, from the National Geological In- stitute of Bogota, Colombia, for paleobotanical studies of the Co- lombian flora. Victor Manuel Patifio Rodriguez, from the Office of Agricultural In- vestigation, of Bogota, Colombia, to study the history of agriculture and cattle breeding of Western Colom- bia. Biology: Dr. Esteban Boltoysky, from the Argentinian Museum of Natural Science of Temperley, Argentina to study the fauna foraminifera of Patagonia’s submarine platform. Professor Alceu Lemos de Cas- tro, from the Museum of Natural History of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for taxonomics studies of certain Brazilian crustaceans. Dr. Alfredo de la Torre y Calle- jas, from the Institute of Secondary Education of Matanzas, Cuba, to study Caribbean lost marine mo- lusks. J. Enrique Avila Laguna, Ornito- logist of Juliaca, Pert, for the study of mathematics aimed to its application to ecological investi- gations. Heavy Damages in Cuban Floods HAVANA, Oct. 15—(UP) Floods resulting from the incessant-rains of the last four days caused a death and loss of ninety per cent of the crops in the region of Manzanillo, Oriente province, according to in- formation received here. Several persons have disappear- ed, Four hundred families had to be evacuated from the territory near the overflowing Yara river. brecteshanhbiare domnein ae Si 1M Aramburu to receive Vance on Monday but other commitments the U. S, Export Import Bank and head of a mission now here studying further financial coopera- tion in Argentina’s recovery pro- gram. The Vance mission arrived Fri- forced the President to postpone the meeting. The Export Import Bank extend ed Argentina recently a $100 mil lion credit for improvement of th day and original plans called for eountsy’s tzausportation systems. i soe 9 SARA