Diario las Américas Newspaper, February 2, 1954, Page 8

MIAMI, FLA., TUESDAY FEBRUARY 2, 1954. EDITORIAL ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE N THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE As far as the two Americas are concerned in eur modern. world, they are surely and certainly bound to each other by very close ties of both) political and economic nature. The countries which make up this hemisphere, find it necessary, in view of their intimate economic | ties, to conduct their relations in accordance with a spirit of understanding based on reasonable conces- sions and in conformity with the fact that they have certain mutual interests—considerations which are inescapable facts. If the various nations of the Americas are to progress economically, their individual national leaders will have to recognize that such progress will be forthcoming only when full consideration has been accorded their various problems in a col- lective manner—not in a unilateral one—and these people must’ acknowledge the fact that whenever one particular country of our hemisphere finds itself in economic distress, all the others will soon feel the repercussions of that nation’s sad plight. With very few exceptions, the United States | is in a position where it is called upon to see to it that the economic interdependence alluded to above follows an even and forward direction. The reason for, this is that the United States constitutes the most. fully developed of our American nations, ndustry-wise, and because of the fact that imports into Latin America come overwhelmingly from that . great neighbor to the north, whenever econ-| ‘omic upsets ocur in one or more Latin American | countries, it is practically sure that interests of the ited States will be affected as a result. With this fact in mind, then, it is just as certain that makers of guiding policies in the United States have to be on the alert for economic disturb- ances which are likely to arise among this country’s southern neighbors. There is no valid reason why North Americans should fail in timely evaluation of, i such economic difficulties, for the agencies and | personnel needed to analyze these matters exist in abundant amounts in the United States. When there is need to study economic problems having their origin in one or another part of Latin America-problems related to products such as wool and oil-the work done in this sense by specialists from the United States must be based on the concept that these problems have to be solved from a hemi- spheric point of view. This is the only proper way to proceed for the simple reason that purchasing power of Latin American nations has to be maintained if the United States wishes to prevent its own economy from being directly involved and disturbed. The ‘countries of Latin America would find themselves obliged to cut down on their purchases from here in the event of a domestic economic crisis down there, and the volume of exports sent there from the United States would soon show the effects of such a crisis. SPANISH LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS || By G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fic. LESSON 40 (b) Méltiples (méltipios) deble, el doble double triple or triple triple, teble caédruplo, cuédruple quadruple, four fold quintuple, quintuple five fold séxtuplo, séxtuple six fold, etc. Some Collective Numbers (Algunos Nameros Colectivos). Per, wm par couple, a couple media decena half a dozen decema tem, a group of ten, ten pieces decend, uma decena dozen, a dozen quincena fifteen, a group of fifteen, fifteen pieces ~ centena, una centena or ufi centenar hundred, a group of a hundred An official announcement drawn up in vigorous language was made public by the United spokesman gave out in connection with a Guatemalan charge that the United States had given its support to a conspiracy aimed at ment of Guatemala, The State Department said that the baseless accusations may be related to the fact that the prin- cipal Communist leaders of Gu- atemala have just returned home following a recent visit made by those leaders to the Soviet Union and its satellite countries in eas- tern Europe. “The accusation is absurd and untrue”, the note says. “The pol- icy of the United States is not to intervene in the internal af- airs of other nations. This pol- icy has been reiterated on num- administration.” The note goes on to say that “it should be noted that the char- ge has followed in the wake of a growing campaign of lies and at- tacks on freedom of expression ala.” on to say that the campaign pre- sently being waged in Guatemala recent visit of important Guatem- alan Red leaders to countries behind the Iron Curtain but also to the recent change made in the foreign ministry of Guatemala. The new Guatemalan foreign minister, Dr. left the United States two week ago after finishing a term of ser- vice as Guatemalan ambassador in Washington. After taking leave of President Eisenhower last Janua- ry 16, Dr. Toriello told reporters that he felt relations between Guatemala and the United States were due to improve. The State Department stated that recent visitors to Soviet bloc countries were Victor Manuel Gu- tiérrez, identified as “a notorious }Communist and leader of the Confederation of Guatemalan Wor- kers, a Red-controlled union,” and Jose Manuel Fortuny, head of the Communist party in Guatemala. States following earlier, brief com- | ments which’ # State Department | overthrowing the present govern- | erous occasions by the present | and democratic ways in Guatem- | The Department of State went | may be linked not only to the) Guillermo Toriello, | THE AMERICAS DAILY Colombian Press Given Official Recommendations BOGOTA. —(UP)— Jorge Luis | The department said that both was accused by the Guatemalan | Arango, head of the government |ly connected with the main f ures of the radio and press world in Guatemala. It added that Guat- jemalan president Jacobo Arbenz |“has named a group of ardent |Communist propagandists to two | official informations agencies.” Those Communists, according to |the State Department, are Raul Leiva, Carlos Alvarado Jerez, Otto Raul Gonzalez and Medardo Mejia. The department also said that “these Communists have had long experience at spreading false ac- cusations, typically Communist in their technique, against the Un- ited States, the United Nations }and above all against those coun- |tries which have been active in opposing Communist aggression. “The United States feels that the formulation of this false char- *ge on the eve of the Tenth Inter- American Conference constitutes a Communist effort to undo the work of the conference and to destroy hemispheric solidarity, something which is so vital to the {nations of this hemisphere.” The American natjons will as- semble at Caracas March 1 to be- gin the conference. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles intends to attend it. The unusual tone of the State Department announcement is in- dicative of the concern being ca- States bythe constantly growing leftist and Communist sympathies of the present Guatemalan govern- ment. Archibald Baldocchi, mentioned in Guatemala’s accusation as hav- ing offered “Seafire planes to the Guatemalan exiles” in San Salva- dor, said that about two years ago he offered the non-Commun- ist Central American countries planes for their “air forces, but that hé had made the offer as a for the, purpose of “bombing Gua- eountry’s government.” Baldocchi added that he was not acquainted with any political lexile nor had he ever contacted | ‘any Guatemalan onposed to Ar- {benz in connection with sales of | plenes. General Idigoras Fuentes, who Gutierrez and Fortuny are close-' used official circles in the United | commercial transaction and not | iemala or conspiring against that | government of being the leader lof the alleged conspiracy, told the press that “plots against Gu atemala are inventions of Arbenz’ secret service men, and they have |been perfected with the constant travelling of Guatemalan Commun- ist leaders to Moscow.” Fuentes added that the docum- ents published by the government of Guatemala were “false, both letterheads and signatures.” He added that “none of the Guatem- alan exiles in El Salvador have conspired against their govern- ment because they all respect the Salvadorean laws.” In Guatemala, the government- supporting political party Partido | Guatemalteco del Trabajo (Com- munist Party) issued a manifesto denouncing the “ international conspiracy and demanding that the people support President Ar- benz. The manifesto says: “The in- ternational conspiracy uncovered and denounced by the govern- ment of Guatemala is a type of intervention in the internal af- airs of our country on the part of the American imperialism.” “Tne recent statements made by Spruille Braden the words of John Moors Cabot and the latest statements made by Senator Alex- the wording and the purposes ex- pressed in the documents photo- static copies of which have been made public by the government.” Victor Manuel Gutiérrez, of Guatemalan Workers (one of the men listed in the State De- Communist agent) said in a spe- ech delivered yesterday that he favored Guatemala’s attendance at the Tenth Inter-American Con- ference in Caracas. Gutiérrez said that Guatemala must go to Caracas, where “pe- ople want to place her on the witness stand”. He added that Guatemala must “turn that wit- |ness stand into a public forum {and denounce the slanderous campaign being made against her’ He went on to say that “Gu- stemala will know how to defend |herself from the intervention that is developing.” WASHINGTON.—(UP)— Latin American diplomatic reaction to the United States coffee price in- vestigations is thus far temperate due to wide belief that impartial inquiries taking into account world supply and demand will justify approximately the present level of prices. However, if there is a sustain- ed political agitation in congress and attempt at consumers boy- cotts, 14 coffee producing coun- tries in the Western Hemisphere will be prepared to defend the interests of coffee producers. One after-effect would be Latin American efforts to expand cof- fee sales en Europe. Crystallization of Latin Ameri- can diplomatic opinion appears likely to await a decisive trend in the coffee markets. If the cur- rent agitation passes without a serious setback in prices, an econ- omic shock to inter-American re- lations will be avoided. On other hand, if a_ severe downtrend in United States cof- fee prices should follow the pre- sent agitation, diplomats, expect that a cloud will hang over the Tenth Inter-American Conference which starts at Caracas March 1. The first major test of Latin American official reaction to the United States coffee investigations will probably come at a meeting next week of the coffee commis- sion of the Inter-American Econ- omic and Social Council, which is an auxiliary of the Organiza- tion of American States. miljar, un miller thousand, a thousand Mote the wse of cies, clente and centenar: 4, etek hay clon narenjes, There are one hundred of oranges here. Aqui bay wm centenar de naranjes A tres @élares el ciente. At three dollars per hundred Some Christian Names. (Algupos Nombres de Pila). Ana ‘ Luefa L eg Anata Marta Martha 1 Maria Mary = ts Matilde Matilda Besides the United States, membership in this coffee ‘com- mission consists of Brazil, Colom- bia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Pe- ra, Dominican Republic and Ven- ezuela. The coffee eommission has here- tofore started a general inquiry regarding the coffee production situation, based on questionnaires to producing countries. This inquiry is expected to de- velop comprehensive estimates of the coffee tree population. Such itree census cous far is nom-exis- in the Western ;tent, consequently no one knows accurately how soon or to what extent post-war tree planting will come into bearing in the next few production: from five to seven years after panting. Trade experts say that world coffee production and consump- tion are at present almost in balance, and that coffee “futures” speculating results largerly from the fact that the balance of sup- ply and demand in the coming years is till beyond accurate prod- uction. On the basis of the known tree plantings, the state of Parana in Brazil, Venezuela and Mexico, ap- pear likely to have an expanding future coffee production. One unpublished official, report here said that Brazil presently has about 2,376,000,000 coffee trees. The Brazilian tree popula- tion declined 390,000,000 in the decade 1940 to 1950, due to aban- donment following loss of Europe- an markets, and the low war-time United States. Despite difficulties in 1952 from frost, some experts here think that the state of Parana will in later years become a far great- er -coffee-producing area, with possibility of eventually surpassing the state of Sao Paulo. It is reported that coffee tree population of Parana increased sixfold from the end of the war until 1952. Plantings in that pe- riod were said to total about 500,000,000 trees, of which only about half have yet reached pro- duction stage. Venezuela is reported to have planted 20,000,000 coffee trees from 1949 to 1952. The number of trees in Mexico is not known here, but in last two years Mexico jumped from fifth to third plsce among Latin American producing countries. Present order of production volume among Latin American j coffee Rae countries is Bra- jzil, Colombia, México, El Sslva- Hemisphere could |years. Coffee trees come into full | Latin American Reaciion to Cotiee Investigation thus far Limited | Coffee Producing Countries Ready to Defend their Interests Stronc'y. If prices decline the growers will automatically be handicapped in developing a greater future supply. eve that existing coffee trees with- | in the Westrn Hemisphere could theoretically produce 40 percent | provided that coffee prices remain | high over a long period. Coffee growers, it is pointed | out, pay high prices for fertiliz- | ers, insecticides, and labor costs Sec- | |retary General of the Federation | partment’s note as a well-known | Information and Publicity Bureau, jhas addressed a circular letter to {all newspapers, asking them to refrain from publishing reports {or commentaries which might be considered as lacking in respect |towards “heads of state, institu- tions and representatives of na- |tions maintgining friendly rela- |tions with Colombia.” In the same letter he asked |papers to observe “complete res- |pect towards the person of the |Colombian president and towards |national institutions” and “to sup- | press all sorts of reports result- jing in a disturbance of domestic order through incitement to viol- ence.” si | In explaining the reasons for | | his request, Arango said: “We have to keep in mind that attacks against friendly countries | attacks that are being repeated- \ly made by the Colombian press- jare entirely lacking in justifica- | tion, since they give every ap- | pearance of having been inspired | by the Colombian government. | This gives rise to an absurd and |contradictory situation, for every | government with which our coun- |try maintains diplomatic relations is by that very fact recognized as legitimate by the Colombian government, so that it amounts {ander Wiley match exactly with|to an act of undescribable disloy- | alty when our press fails to res- | pect such governments, countries or persons.” The letter addei that “From the mere point of view of patrio- tism or national interest, such re peated displays of contempt for friendly countries are even more hard to understand, particularly at the present time when an in- ter-American conference is being readied. and the Colombian gov- ernment is engaged in recovering her prestige abroad after it was brought to such a low point be- cause of reasons well known.” IAPA CABLES PRES. BATISTA NEW YORK. —(UP)— The In- | ter-American Press Association jhas sent Fulgencio Batista, the Cuban president, the following eablegram: “The Inter-American Press As- | sociation applauds the decision of |your Excellency to repeal the |provisions of Decree 997 which | restricted press freedom. This en- \lightened decision will serve to encourage men the world over | who are fighting for the right to |free expression. |and our best wishes.” | The cablegram was signed by |John P. Ritemeyer, chairman of the IAPA executive board. In a public statement, Riteme- yer said that the decision of Pres- ident Batista is “especially signi- icant” in that it appears to em- phasize a trend which has been making itself evident in recent months in the Western hemis- phere, where the reaction of pu- blic opinion has caused the failure Congratulations | For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity financial WASHINGTON. ator Capehart is busily engaged at trying to find ways by which the United States can aid Latin American countries without help. ing in their “socialization”. As ;chairman of the Senate committee on banking aff: Capehart is directing one aspect of the in vestigation being carried out by |his committee in regard to fin —(UP)— Sen- in this hemisphere. The Republican senator from | Export-Import Bank and various international banking institutions have been mixing the business of | making loans with local polities in Latin America and that they are undermining free enterprise all jover Latin America by granting credits too often to government corporations. The committee is carrying on |an investigation —which, it is be- lieved, will be a lengthy one— jof the financial structure of | United States foreign trade. Cape- jhart frequently interjects perso- |nal observations of his own into |committee proceedings as the re- jsult of a recent trip made by jhim through 15 countries of South and Central America. Bra- zil is the country which has been |the object of these comments, although both Mexico and Chile |have also been specifically men- |tioned by Capehart. In a hearing several days ago, for example, Capehart said the Export -Import Bank: _ “We find in Latin America that jin many cases (Export-Import) |bank loans were either made di- rectly to governments or that |governments received a part of such loans...governments are there |directing and giving orders in \these matters...if we continue to loan money on this basis, we’re finally going to reach the place where the free enterprise system will hawp been lost.” CapeRert went on to say: “I am trying to find some formula, some plan for getting out of this spot. We find in La- tin America a number of exam- ples of the fact that the govern- ments are part owners of private industry...the remaining part and you (the Export-Import Bank) would do the rest of the finan- | cing. “For example, this is true in lregard to the huge steel mill |(Volta Redonda) in Brazil. The corporation’s charter says that the President of Brazil will name the | steel mill’s president.” Arey confessed that there is | considerable participation by the |governments of Chile and Brazil jin their steel industries, but he added that in the case of Mexico, 70 per cent of the national steel industry belonged to private in- terests and that an American |eompany had control over con- | tracts. In regard to Brazil, Arey said that “this is one of the first Jancial aid by the United States |Indiana is complaining that the | to | Hawthorne Arey, high official of | MBER 176. U. S. Reiterates Its Non-Intervention HELP WITHOUT “SOCIALIZATION” Policy In Connection With Guatemala Present Campaign against U. S. Linked to recent visit of Red Leaders to Moscow Senator Capehart working on aid to Latin America. times fhat the Brazilian severn- ments has invested in industrial enterprises; thus this practice has been neither the pattern nor the custom. It was a valuable under- taking to lend some aid toa country with such great posstbili- ties and encourage its people to start to invest..and one has to take war demands into aceount also. According to tradition, it was the thing in Brazil to imwest |money in land holdings rather than in industry, as we are ae- customed to do in our own coun- try.” | Further on |many loans had been denied, be- jcause if they had been granted, | private enterprise would have {been discriminated against. He jadded that, “I believe that most jof the loans which we have made {in recent years have been of a (private type. This is partly due |to the fact that the International Bank takes care of making gov- ernment loans. “In recent years we gramted |two loans to Brazil —two large loans to American exporters with- out government backing so that |these exporters might undertake jand expand ‘private enterprise projects in which the United | States was interested.’ ” | Recalling to mind that “our country was developed by foreign | capital,” Capehart noted that La- tin America “needs capital from abroad, just as this country needed it 100 years ago. We hope that they will create an atmosphere |down there in which investment jof United States private capital |will be encouraged; and they |must promote private capital, al- low it to grow, to expand, to |make profits. I feel that they | will do so. I am sure that they jwould like to do so...” | At another point a discussion jof Brazilian railroads belonging {to the national government, moved Capehart to remark: E “We can neither dictate nor tell foreign governments that they cannot own railways and public utilities. We “cannot do this’ nor cag we do otherwise, because they are sovereign nations.” Arey pointed out that the Paulista line, which is the only privately owned railroad in Bra- zil, "excellent and one of the |best. We have never asked the Brazilian government to guaran- tee loans we have made to the Paulista line.” In regard to increasing compe- jtition for Latin American mar kets, Capehart said: “The United States will really |need good, enterprising busimess- |men and sound policies if: it | wants to maintain our world mar- |kets. In every Latin American |country visited by us, we found |that European countries were al- |ready there and offering goods {at prices lower than those for | American goods and with much better arrangements for pay- ' ment.” Public Law ot fobe Reviewed in Connection with Canal Zone Arey said that “" of attempts to restrict freedom of the press. British Trade Minister Reports have increased since workers were | attracted from the plantations to | the cities by growth of indus- trialization. With stability of a} high coffee price, growers would | be. better able to take the scien- tific steps necessary for adequate | fertilization, control of insect WASHINGTON. —(UP)— A _he has been advised by house sub- legal adviser to the United States |committee Chairman John J. Al- Citizens Association of the Pana-/|len, Junior, that chairman Alvin ma Canal Zone said that he has | F. Weichel of the house merchant received instructions from. the as-; marine and fisheries committee sociatior. to proceed as he might has authorized him to see fit concerning a former con-! with a review of public law 841. stabilized price of coffee in the | pests, and improve status of work- ers. If United States coffee inves- tigations should have the effect of depressing coffee prices, the | growers will automatically be han- dicapped in developing a greater future supply ultimately to the disadvantage of United States consumers. In a majority of Latin Ameri- ean countries, there has been a recent trend toward larger expor- tation of coffee to Europe, where consumption in m:any countries is still less than half of pre-war. This trend, it is believed will be accentuated if the United States market becomes less attractive from suppliers’ standpoint. European industria. countries are again looking for Latin Amer- ican markets for manufactures ex- ports, and thus likely to take more coffee in exchange. RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA DEMANDED GUATEMALA CITY, (UP) The convention of the Na- tional Federation of Labor adjourned yesterday. The convention advised the Pres- ident of Guatemala, Colonel Jacobo Arbenz, to establish diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and the so-called people’s democracies, on South America LONDON. —(UP)— The head of the Board of Trade, Peter Thorney-Croft, reported to Parlia- ment on why Great Britain’s ex- jport trade has fallen off with several South American countries. Chile and Peru lack foreign ex- change in pounds sterling, the minister said. Bolivia has been lecking all kinds of foreign exchange and has clamped down on all imports. In Argentina there has been a “regrettable delay” in the conces- sion of import permits. al questions put to him in Com- mons and sought to publize the facts of the matter rather than fo explain their significance. Viscountess Davidson asked him whether it would be advisable to resume radio broadcasts to Cen- tral and South America (broad- casts which had been dropped because of budgetary reasons), in view of the importance of those areas as markets for British ex- ports. To this query the undersecret- ary of the Foreign Office answer- ed: “His majesty’s government has under consideration the whole matter of expenses related to the overseas information service, which includes BBC and BBCV programs, and we have of cour- se taken into account the impor- tance of Lotin America to our export trade.” Thorney-Croft replied to sever- | |the army department who later was employed as a financial ad viser to the Panamian govern- ment. Attorney Lavern R. Dilweg de- clined to comment on the matter, however, pending an _ investiga- tion. At the same time, Dilweg said DELEGATES TO TALKS BOGOTA. —(UP)— Colombian has sent a note to Peruvian char- gé d'affaires Jose Iturriaga tell- ing him that Colombia has de- signated two special ambassadors concerning the matter of the pol- vian Agwixta party leader Victor Raul Haya de la Torre. The Col- ombian note was a reply to a previous note delivered’ by Ifur- riaga, who proposed direct nego- tiation procedures either in Bo- gota or in Lima. The Colombian foreign office was completely sient about the identity of the two ambassadors selected by it, merely reporting that their names will be .made public at the same time as those who have been chosen by Peru to represent it. It is understood here that if Peru decides to agree to the Colombian proposal, the Peruvian delegates should be ar- riving in Bogota around the first ' of next week, NAMED BY COLOMBIA | Foreign Minister Evaristo Sourdis | for direct negotiations in Bogota | itical asylum extended to Peru-| counting system of the Panama Fanal Company and aimed at putt- ing the company on a pay-as-you- go basis. Allen’s subcommittee is concerned with Canal affairs. {sultant to the undersecretary 7 is the law which changed the The Citizens Association sent its instructions to Dilweg, whom it |has retained to represent it here, jafter Peter Beasley left his posi- ; tion as consultant on Panama Ca- \nal affairs to the army under- |secretary last October and later | was employed by the’ Panama- nian government. “I do not personally know Mr. | Beasley”, Dilweg said. “All I know !about.the matter is what I read |in the papers. “This matter would be a matter for investigation on my part, and | until such an investigation is com- pleted, I cannot comment. “I am certain that the army has investigated this matter, that |the individual concerned has be- |en advised of the ‘conflict of in- | terests’ statute, and that the army in turn has so advised the de- partment of justice.” The commonly called conflict of interests statute is a section of United States lew formally en- titled, “disqualification of former officers and employees in matters connected with former duties.” A review of public law 841 was requested by Dilweg and other representatives of groups Canal Zone. Dilweg said tmere was dication at present as to the review might begin.