The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 8, 1925, Page 4

See. ee Sabena AREER Page Four THE DAILY) WORKE Czecho-Slovakia determining the part and attitude to be played by either of the signatory parties in the event .of the other being engaged in war with POLAND IN WAR MANEUVERS AIMS a third state—more especially,~ with the Pnion of S. 8, Republics or Ger- many. In the, event of war between Ger- many and one of the two contracting parties, the other party is to automat- ically join the war on the side of the England, Minne Watch Sign Balkan Pact pias arcade i Brickmakers Fight Open Shop. BERLIN, Conn., Aug. 6—Stand pat for the open shop is the watch- word of George F. Pickett of the Amer- (Special to The Daily Worker) MOSCOW—(By Mail)—The Mos- cow papers report that the Polish army plans big maneuvers in August in the Volhynia region. At these man-|ican Brick Co., where the union is euvers there are to be present spec-| striking for recognition. Pickett says fally sent representatives of the mili-| no expresses the feeling of 95 per cent tary general staffs of England, France, Qzecho-Slovakia, Rumania and the Baltic states. of the brick manufacturers of Con- necticut and Massachusetts but admits that some manufacturers have weak- It is expected that a political con-| ened and signed with the union. He vention will be signed at the time of| talks of trying to import a thousand these maneuvers between Poland and | Negroes ff the need arises, RUSSIA TODAY (Continued from Tuesday’s Daily Worker ) SYNOPSIS—The serial publication of the official report of the British Trade Union Delegation to Soviet Russia continues today, after an absence The leading British trade union- of two days due to mechanical difficulties, ists who visited agricultural regions and industrial centers in the Soviet ) Union, told in previous instalments of finances, transportation and industry. The last instalment took up the question of agricultural methods, popula- tion of the agricultural sections, the restoration of agriculture and the use of tractors. The report then dealt with the effect of the New Economic A discussion of the “scissors crisis, Policy upon agriculture. the rise in the prices of manufactures and the fall of the prices of foodstuffs was then }egun. Today's instalment tells how the Soviet Union overcame this crisis. Vee, os. 2! 86 (b) Cotton.—The area under cotton in 1924—446,974 des- Siatines—was more than double that of last year, without count- ing the area under private cultivation, which is not included in the returns. This is divided as follows: Turkestan, 283,668 des- siatines, of which 117,965 are in the Fergana region; Bokhara, 45,601; Khoresm, 9,100; Azerbaijan, 89,269; Armenia, 16,500; Georgia, 2,836. The crop was much injured by bad weather and will be about the same as Jast year—5,330,000 poods. gation and drainage works in the Amu-Darya region promise well, and will add in the first place by irrigation 540,000 hec- tares, and cventually by drainage some 1,200,000 hectares, mostly gained by lowering the level of the Sea of Aral 14 metres, at a total cost of about six million sterling. The average value of the crop is about £20 a hectare. Further, the construction of a railway from Aulieta to Pishpek in Turkestan has con- Z nected up the cotton area with the general system. - This rail- to Kuldja on the Chinese frontier, making a Central Asian con- nection between Moscow and Shanghai. But the main object of the line is to bring in grain and take out cotton. : (c) Grain.—The failure of the 1924 harvest is only locally serious. The whole is 15 per cent. less than 1923, which was over average. Russian demand is said to be assured, and there will be, it is said, a surplus of several million tons of grain. The following figures are official but subject to revision and reserves :— Area (dess.) Population Crop (poods) Harvest bad ......63..4.. 10 million 12 million 157 million Harvest below average.... 30 “ Stuie ® it * Harvest above average.... 36 “ * 1130“ At the same time there is an ominous precaution in the esti- mates for 1924-5 of 48 million Soviet roubles for famine relief. But as the recent famine showed, owing to the great size of the country, it may be more economical to export from a sur- plus region and support a deficit region with the proceeds. Any decrease in buying power of the peasantry due to unsatisfactory crops will, it is hoped, be discounted by the following factors. ¥ ~The rise in the price of grain to more than double that of a year ago, the continued fall in prices of industrial products, the in- creased area under cultivation, and the final and full effects of the introduction of a stable currency. The possibilities of agricultural development can be under- stood when it is realized that a large part of Russian arable land is the best soil in Europe and yet produces only one-third of what is got from the very inferior land of Belgium and Ger- many—while an increase of only one-tenth in the productivity would mean an annual addition of 500 million roubles to the - national income and the possible export. / General Conclusion Russian agriculture is recovering slowly but steadily. And _ the governmental help that is being given it seems energetic and efficient. The bad harvest of last summer and the damage ' done to crops during this winter may cause Jocal famine, but adequate precautions seem to be in preparation. CHAPTER V Foreign Commerce Organization Foreign commerce has been, since the Revolution, a Goy- ernment monopoly. But the New Economic Policy made—in foreign eyes a derogation from, in Russian eyes a development of—this principle, by delegating the conduct of foreign com- merce in part to private enterprises and to private capital under Government control. Foreign commerce is now, under decree _ of October 16th, 1922, conducted through:— 1. Official Establishments, such as the Gostorg, the Commissariats, Syndicates and Trusts, and also such other official organs as get permits to trade. 2. The Co-operative Commercial Organizations, such as Centrosoyouz, Selskosoyouz. 3. The Mixed Companies which can again be subdi- vided into (1) combinations of official establishments for purposes of foreign trade; (2) companies in which private foreign capital participates; and (3) companies with pri- vate native capital. 4. Private companies and persons trading under license for a specified period and purpose. The present policy is to give such private licenses for a specified period mainly for export, and not,to let the total turnover exceed 3 per ; imnover ¢ ya commerce, , : avid Sateees Trri-* way of 250 versts was built within a year, and will be continued’ R MORE BITUMINOUS MINES OPENING IN ILLINOIS RE- EMPLOYING 2,600 MEN GET })\ } THE, BOOR! $1.25 (Duroflex Cover) (Special to The Daily Worker) WEST FRANKFORT, Ill, Aug. 6 —Business circles in Southern Iili- nois are radiating the most optimis- tic atittude since the war today, the result of general resumption of coal production thruout the coal fields. Announcement was made today that Old Ben Mine No, 8, here, em- ploying a thousand men, will re- sume operations Aug. 15. Number twelve at Christopher renews pro- aa duction Aug. 10 with 600 men and $1.75 tet ERUSBIA TODAY? 1c ies three other West Frankfort mines ‘ The Daily Worker for 8 months........$4.50 will start up again within this month (Cloth Bourtd): (6 months in Chicago) or with a total of 2,600 men, , ‘ $5.75 e Coal men declare the outlook is ai good for market conditions this ots SUBSCRIBE! winter, « “Russia Today” Gives a picture of a workers government as the British Dele- gation saw it. RUSSIA EVERYDAY— All the latest developments and accurate accounts from not only the leaders in every field of Russian life, but also direct correspondence from Russian workers in the field and factory can be found in THE DAILY WORKER “America’s Only English Communist Daily” You Can Have Both N | AS WE SEE IT | (Continued from page 1) man who succeeded in fooling the pub- lie so well be a criminal? Surely such a financial genius would not hold up fa drug clerk unless he was crazy? “That a clever lawyer takes ‘this tack in an effort to saye aclient proves that a glamor surrounds those who are suc- cessful in amassing money no matter by what means. Tho even William Jennings Bryan once admitted that no man could honestly save one. mil- ) UNION Thru Courtesy of the international Pub- lishers Co. case the Government does not participate in the capital but in the profits. ¥ The operations of all these organizations must conform to the general program! of the Minister of Foreign Commerce, which itself must conform to the national economic budget of the Supreme Economic Council. Within these limits the various official and semi-official organizations enjoy an economic auton- omy and are responsible to their public and private shareholders for showing a profit in their turnover. Official, semi-official and private enterprises are supervised by a Director of Commercial Enterprises and Establishments, and the controlling authority is hus quite distinct from the conducting authority. The Government organizations themselves operate in for- eign markets through an official agency in each foreign capital (Torgpredstvo), such as Arcos in London. These agencies by displacing the foreign exporter and buying from the producer are intcnded to acquire the middleman’s profits for the Govern- ment account. It follows that private capital is only admitted ‘to foreign trade in insignificant proportions and provisionally. Official opinion believes that in time, as the State technical tra z organizations develop, foreign trade will again be wholly con- ducted and pot merely wholly controlled by them. The present proportion is:— f Export - Import Total (per cent) (per cent)" (per cent) 1. Government Establishments . 54.2 Wa 64.1 2. 17.5 8.3 12.8 3. x oqeee 125.0 15.3907) 20.1 (a) of which lat { Companies ....... (17.4) (49.6% (10.7) 4. Private Companies and Persons... | 3.3 3.0 From this it is evident that the Gove fienlf lirectly in its hands still (64.1 plus 10.7) three-quai of ign trade. A further analysis shows:— ah are. Export | © Import Total - Government E&tablishments: (per cent) (per cent) (per cent) be hese 1 Ree 36.5 bes | 26.0 Trusts and Syndicates......00... 10.3 I 23.0 Co-operatives: : Eni Centrosoyouz ....+ecccccsccceces 25.0 \ 15.3 20.1 Mixed Companies: With Foreign Capital...... dacect @F 9.9 OF 8.0 With Russian Capital............ 15 1.3 14 From which it is clear that the Trusts and Syndicates, as well as the Mixed Foreign Companies, are more concerned with import, but Gostorg and the Co-operatives with export. Foreign Trade With Russia At present the tendency is still towards an increase in con- cessions to private enterprise from the Government monopoly. Thus, in 1923, the Mixed Companies increased in number. There are at present 15 Mixed Companies operating, of which four operate in transport and four in timber. Two more have just been licensed. Of these, six are German,* two Austrian, and the English, Dutch, Norwegian, Turkish, and Persian have each one. One is mixed Russian and foreign, and three are mixed English, German, and Dutch. Although the United States have no official relations as yet with the Union, a Mixed Company, “Amtorg,” has been formed under American law, and trades direct with the Commissariat for Foreign Trade in cotton, rub- ber, tractors, etc., as against furs. The total trade of foreign firms in 1923-24 was 40,728,000 gold rouubles, of which 20,- 154,000 gold roubles was export, as against, in 1922-3, 13,- 599,000, of which 4,736,000 was export. The policy is to organ- ize one such “Mixed Company” at least for each country in commercial relations with Russia, with the object of attracting foreign capital. But this has had little’ success so far. Another object, the attraction “*»experts, has also been disappointing, as it is found that the conaitions in Russia are so. novel that a trained expert takes hag go in learning to work them than a novice. None the less 4 renewed effort is now) being made through the agencies abroad to engage foreign trading and tech- nical experts. 4 Foreign firms operate under a decree of April 12th, 1923, with a concession from the Concessions Committee, Their rights and responsibilities are defined under an instruction applying the decree above mentioned, a translation of Which will be found in the “Russian Review” for December 6th! p. 361. In this connection, it may be observed that the sending to Russia of agents except for purposes of inquiry and report may at present be a useless expenditure. Business can best be opened through the official agencies. But Mixed Companies serve as a useful liaison between the Russian producer, consumer, and for- eign capital. ; 0 Statistics of Foreign Trade , In respect of the foreign trade statistics, it is even more difficult to report than in other regions owing to the complete novelty of the system, to the mass of material for investigation, and to the absence of convenient summaries; also to the dis- crepancies in the statistical data and the divergencies in the method of their compilation. Figures are given with all reserves. *In view of statements (“Morning Post,” November 18th) that the impor- tant German concessions have failed, the following report ef the Soviet mis- sion in Berlin is given: “In answer to your inquiry relating to the German agricultural and timber concessions in Russia, I haye to inform you that the concessions ot Wirth aud Haas (Mologa Gesellschaft) are working very suc- cessfully, all uf them oxtending their operations and accunililating additional capital. Relations hetweeen the coneéssionaires and the Sdyiet Government departments are of the most favorable character. Krupps ire working satisfactorily on the Don. Rheinhaben expresses itself entirely satist tho concession in the German Volga region, The Zatbaugesollschatt idly and successfully: developing its work in. the Kuban. dn munication of the, ‘Morning Post’ rep a sheer invention,’ on THE. OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE BRITISH ———————— TRADE DELEGATION TO SOVIET RUSSIA Copyright in the United States by the International Publishers Co, All Rights Reserved, Copyright by the Trades Union Congress General Council in Great Britain. Exports i The character of Russian exportation is as follows:— Percentages of total value of exports Raw and semi- manufactured Manu- Period— Foodstuffs goods factures Total January-June, 1922...... 5.8 89.3 5.2 100 July-December, 1922. 5.2 91.6 3.2 100 January-June, 1923. 50.4 48.1 15 100 July-December, 1923. 61.6 37.9 0.5 100 January-June, 1924...... 56.2 43.6 0.2 100 July-December, 1924...... 56.8 43.0 0.2 100 The main source of export is agriculture, about 80 per cent. of the total, which has now reached 75 per cent. of its pre-war value, with a total of 230,000,000 gold roubles. lion dollars in a lifetime. ’ . . . ALKING about a nation of gullitre people. A doctor makes interest- ing comment on an advertisement in- serted in a fake health magazine which claims that violet ray can cure anything from corns to consumption. Those sham health experts use much the same kind of an argument with their victims that Russell Scott and his kind_use in jerking others loose from their savings. To thg latter, Wall Street was the ogre the new benefactors would save them from. The health frauds used the “medical trust” as a horrible example, ee. @ socialist who is working a sucker list in. Chicago for the colony racket, which he is promoting in this vicinity, praised William Jennings Bryan, as the greatest man the United States ever produced, while speaking in “Bug House Square” recently, This socialist thought that followers of Wil- liam Jennings Bryan would be just - the addlepated tribe to fall for his scheme. After he fed the crowd up on a eulogy of the “Commoner” he got out his prospectus and took names. He got many names. This socialist is referred to fondly by the socialist party as the “great little giant” and recently put on a recruiting campaign for the socialist party of Chicago. *# * Ison workers patronize the “get rich quick” artists, because, like the The program | sick. person, they are willing to try for this year contemplates: a total of 500,000,000, or over double | anything in a desperate effort to get that of last year. The program includes butter, eggs, fowls,|2Way from their misery. The sick and game, all. products which Great Britain used to export | P¢'8°D wants to get well. He has tried largely. The fur trade is again developing its resources, having beer enormously increased by a ten years’ suspension, and this yea it will reach 30,000,000 gold roubles. Timber accounts for abou a fifth of the whole, and its resources are comparatively inex haustible. is at present hampered by the operations of the principal oi! combines, but is developing rapidly, as also is flax export. It is interesting to note that about 20,000,000 poods of grain | with an were exported to Germany and to France, and only one million} meant for calves.” On the other hand, Great Britain took more| bucks for that plece to Great Britain. than half the timber exported. Estimates of the Commissariat of Agriculture for the gen- A Of the other main branches of trade, the oil expor:| is an article of food. the old line doctors without success. Th “get well quick” lads then get hold of him, and if he is a radical, they vill promise to make a new man of iim at reduced rates. One of those omato, carrot and fig fakers was sked by a victim if he favored milk “Milk,” he scowled, “do you mean cow’s milk?” “Yes,” came the rather shamefaced response. “Cow's milk,” he declared air of wisdom, “was only He charged five of information. * NOTHER simple scheme of getting money has just been patented by * eral economic programme anticipate the following development] @ reformer named William H. Ander- of exportation: that grain export will, within four years, reach oe a former official of the Anti- two-thirds of pre-war—that is, that it will in 1924 reach 220,-| S800 League. William and some of 000,000 gold roubles and in 1928 reach a value of 400,000,000 gold roubles—that flax and such-like products should reach three-fourths of pre-war and a value of 150,000,000 gold roubles, his agents fell out over a division of the loot and the Saloon League got hold of the story. The upshot of the affair was that Anderson, who is a while animal products should reach 200,000,000 gold roubles and| prominent ku kluxer landed in Sing par with pre-war. Exportation caused a rise in prices, especially of grain, which was of great value in helping to “close the scissors” (see! devices of the devil to Industry), and it secms that prices have now been raised as high as further business allows. Sing, convicted of forgery. Bookkeep- ing was his downfall, he concluded. That art is now listed as one of the get good pro- testants into trouble. Anderson came The authorities controlling foreign )°Yt of Sing Sing an older but foxier commerce are accordingly directing their attention to adminis-|™#" trative economies, and expedients for lessening overhead ex- penses and quickening the turnover of capital: Imports ! Importation during 1922-23 was decreased very considera- bly. ‘This decrease was almost entirely in the first half of the] Pp. p, p. a. or ; period and was due to economic policy. The result was that an adverse trade balance was con- verted into a considerable surplus value of exports over im- ports :— (In 1,000 roubles.) 1921-22 1922-23 1923-24 Import Export Import Export Import Export 29,799 81,621 144,056 206,811 208,000 340,000 minus 188,178 The figures for 1923-24 in greater detail are as follows:— EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, 1923-24, Millions of Gold Roubles. plus 61,762 plus 132,000 Exports. Value Percent ‘ of 1913 of 1913 1, Raw Materials and Imports. 1, Food Products— (a) Grain ..us.0. 145 25 Semi-manufactures, xii (b) Butter 21 28 (ay Cotton .... 53 56 (c) Eggs .... 9 10 (b) Others .... 73 - (d) Miscellaneous 21 - ( 196 126 2, Raw Materials and " 2. Manufactures. Seimi-manufactures, (a) Paper ..... 12 35 (a) Of... 44 17 (b) Others .... 70 aa (b) imber 38 2 {c) Other Exports 62 — p , baat TF Total imports, 208, Total exports, 340. (To be continued in next issue) Labor Defense Dates'for Chicago FRIENDLY ORGANIZATIONS, PLEASE RESERVE, SEPT. 13—National Labor Defense Day, Chicago conference, Ashi uditorium, small hall, at 12 o'clock noon, 8 p. m.: Defense mass meeting at Temple Hall, Van Buren and Marshfield Ave. OCT, 17—Saturday, 8 p, m., Labor Defense dance, Temple Hall, Van Buren and Marshfield Ave. DEC. 10-13 (inclusive)—Defense bazaar at Northwest Hall, North and Western Aves. in een Friendly organizations are asked to support the affairs as above, and not to arrange other affairs for those dates, = ALLY TO THE INTERNATIONAL LABOR DEFENSE! Value Percent watching a quack try: HE has a wonderful scheme, that beats co-operative colonies, health institutes, Scott ideas or any other trick- yet conceived. He has founded an organization for’ the protection of Protestantism. It is called the A, P. in plain tho elongated language the American Prohibtion Protestant Patriot Protective Alliance, Among the taboos of this organization is bookkeeping. Anderson is captain, cook and bottlewasher. This is how William plans to keep out of Sing Sing: “I- will have no ‘members’ or membership. 2. It will have no oath. 3. It will accept contributions only as outright gifts to William H. Ander- son, its founder and general secretary, to be used in any way he sees fit,” * #8 T is safe to predict that Anderson will bea millionaire inside of two years. Anyone who can resist turn- ing over his money to Anderson is neither a good protestant nor a good moron. The plan is more intriguing than having a bald headed barber sell you an infallible hair restorer or to pe sluggish liver by wringing vole ee. This is a fine country for frauds, big and little. But while taking noticé of those interesting things we should not lose sight of the’ fact, that the fraud we are chiefly concerned with, is the robbery of the working ‘class’ of the Product of their toil by the employing class. When that brand of pillage is ended, the Workers Government oan proceed to take care \of the other brands of quackery, —— SIBERIA b 4 LEON TROTSKY an REE oo