Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 21, 1874, Page 12

e s e e A e e e e e e —Z::i THE CHICAGO DAILY . TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 18744SUPPLE1V1ENT. WASHINGTON. The €loister and" the Capital--Eehoes from the Roman Comvent &b Georgetown. The Case oi Bertha Geroit---Limoelan, the Assassin-Abbe. Exciting Tale of a Clerical Bindit---Rem- iniscences of Bishop Carroll. ¥rom Our Own Correspondent. ‘WasaisGTos, Feb. 18, 1811!. Bertha Gerolt (dsughtor of the late Prussian Mizister to the United States), who entered the MONASTERY OF THE VISITATION, in the District of Columbis, sbout three years ago, ook the final vows on Saturdss, Feb.7, 1874, and will hereafter be scen no more in fhs midst of that unconscious history performing withun ner daily hearing. The same dayanun died within the convent-walls who bad been im- mured thers twenty-five years, and belonged in the past to a respectable official family, still na- merous in Washington. Persons at a distance may be struck with the dramatic situation of a monastery under the dome of the Americin Cap- ita), in all respects as secluded and rigorous as thoeo of ultra-monarchical ages, and fally as ex- citing In it legends of human sorrow, devotion, and despeir. Manys pun can look from its windows cver the city, like Hildegunde from tho convent in the island of the Rbine to the castle on the bank, where her lover-Enight Wltched.lor her until he heard her faneral-beil. In political society at a Capital where, to the fervor of nat- ural affection, courtship often =adds & high social aspiration, there aro apt to be moro despairing couples than in quiet places where young people meet, consider each other, indulge the pleasures of Liope, and -suddenly tumn about and marry in differont directions. All the lays and tales of unhappy loves in the age of legend clustersd sbont persons cornected with the Court, the Army, or the Church; and one dis- inclined to put credence in such stories might have more faith if he lived botween the Convent of the Visitation and the Halls of Congress. Many yeara ago, one SISTER GERTRUDE, or Miss Ann G. Wightt, & besutifal girl of an old Maryland family, was sent to this Convent- school while hor family were visiting Europo; and, when they returned, she was plodged to the Cuurch. There she showed such zeal that she was talked of for Lady Superior; but, for some canse nevor known, she covered herself with a Monk's closk one night, and esceped into the <ity, refosing all applications to return, and she aguin became & brilliant woman of society, not withont influence in official things, and demon- strated her cleverness by going to the City of Mexico in pursait of a legacs left her bya echoolmate, the dsughter of the Emperor Iturbide, and recovering it. Miss Wightt never married, and, a littlo while prior to the Robellion, she died in the family of John Y. Aason, United States Senator. THE HEBOINE OF THE CONVENT. Miss Berths Gorolt was of & Catholic family, slthough her father represented a Protestaut Kingdom. She was of a refined nature, much sweatness and sensibility, and probably felt for Ler father, who was growing old, was quite poor, and, in the movement of Count Bismarck against the Catholic Church, stood in danger of losing his Legatign. About that time, there lived wif Baron Gerolt, as Attache, 8 young man belong- ing to one of the noblest and oldest Protestant houses of Brandenburg,—people as proud of their religions consistency as of their rank. He ew enamored of our Mies Gerolt, and the al- innce would bave boen proper and sceeptable in every way but for the matter of religion. The Attache's mothor, in Prussia, repelled the idea of the Catholic connection ; while the ecclesins- tica in Americs, seeing an &pparent_opportunity to do some proselytizing around the Prussian Court, operated npon Miss Gerolt's mind. After the parents on both eiees were tolerably agreed, o religuous issuo was kopt up, aud tho ques- tion of children had to be settled in advance, un- il the young man's palience was vorn out, nnd "he broke the engagement. The Church, which had been successful in the mat- ter, was, of course, entitled to the bride ; and, sboxt this time, some controversy arose between our Government and the State authorities at Berlin, which ended in the recall of the old Minister,—the only one, althongh a Catlolic, to adhere with enthusinsm to the cause of tho Fed- eral Government during the dark days of the Rebellion, Bertha Gerolt has disappeared, s did beforo ber, and within the same walls, a daughter of the Emporor Iturbide and a daughter of Gen. Bcott. A few weeks ago, the daughter of Ad- miral Sands took the white veil in this convent ; ber father is a native of Maryland, and Superin— {endent of the Naval Observatory. THE MYSTERY OF CRYPTS. . Tho Monastery of the Vicitation is the oldest in ine United States, and is tho parent of about one dozen other Convents of the same order,— one at Keokuk, Tows. It was founded in_1816, by the second Archbishop of the Chureh, Leon- 87d Nealo, on the site of a convent-school estab- lished twenty-four years previousy by some Yrench nuns of anotier order. Its first Di- rector, who now lies buried in the convent-vault, s one of the three conspirators who set off an infernal machine to blow up Napoleon Bonaparte, in’s the year 1801. A full story of this conspiracy will be found iu ihe first volume of Thiers’ * History of the Consulate,” as well 18 in snylifs of Napoleon. A paragraph on the subjoct may be ourious, £a showing how great events, widely dispersed, sometimes gather their thrends together under our window. LIMOELAN, The year 1789 was distinguished for the out- break of the French Rovolution, andthe erection of the Catholic College of Georgetown, D. C. The year that college was oponed for students by Father Carrol,—1791,—insurractions, fo- mented by priests who would not take the oaths prescribad by the French Assembly, broke out on the west coasts of France, aud are known in history as the wars with the Chouans and Vondecans. Queerly enough, these ulira- Catholic rebels lived close neighbors to La Rochelle, where the Freuch Protestants had so lorg sustained war with the whole Kingdom. Tho Vondeeans, after several victorious cam- signs against great Fronch armies, were finally B icen acrosa the Yoire 10to the sugged panin- sula of Bretagne, where they Zormed alfiance with tho Chouans, a smalier band, composed of emugglers and led by ultra-Royelists, who had sdopied s system of guemills warfare, —robling etagos, waylusing pickets, - slioot- ‘The ola ing -prisoners, and sssassinating. French Royal fomily, then in Lordon, upplied theso Chousus’ with English subsidy money, arms, captaing, and high commissions. The chief of these Quantrells of that period was Goorges Cadoudal, s brawny young fellow with a1l the Breton characteristics; a dull exterior and melancholy tinge overlying strong feclings, imaginstion, and Celtic persistence. Cadond; conceived the ides of an infernal machine, the first over put in use, though many, have suc- ceoded it, to blow up the Fust Coosul. Thiers tells the story in theso three sentences: ¢ Cndoudal dispatched certain emissaries to Paris on o mission to assassinate the First Con- Eul. Amongst these were characters pamed Limoelan and Saint-Rejaut, both inured to sll the horrors of civil war, and the latter, who had been a naval ofiicer, having some knowledge of artillery-practice. To these two was joined a 1hird called Carbon, & subordinate accomplice, & warthy satellito of the principal criminals.” THE INFERNAL MACHINE. Slipping into Paris, one after another, these sssasums Jived there one month, experimenting with air-guns, The ex-priest Fouche, Minister of Police, had them watched; but they were very tecretive and escaped him. They finally tesolved to hire s stable near the Palace of the Tuilerieg, in the Rue Saint Naicaise, and «uteh their opportunity when tho First Consul Irove throngh this street, as ho generally did, to Slock up the way with & cart, under which should 20 suspended barrel of powder fiiled with pro- jectiles, which a time-fuse should explode. Bee. 24, 1800, Bonaparte started to go to the overs and bear the first performance in_ Paris of Haydy's Oratorio of **The Creation.” Limoclan aud Carbon were on the look out, whule Saint- Rejant was getting the cart in place, and the latier had the insenmbility to ask 3 young girl to hold the horse. Dy accident, the First-Consul's carriage, on this occasion, preceded his mounted greusiers, aad, as ko had a very skillfal duver, got past the eart before the other two, in (@ their plnlgum of eurprise or _fear, could give .hs aint-Rejont himself rocognized the ’ carriage just as it passed, and struck his match, when one of the grenadiers following gave him a knock; but he still persisted, and then ran with all speed. Bonaparte's carriage had just turned an elbow when the barrel exploded, smashed all the carriage windows, knocked Saint-Rejant down and wounded him soverely, Dlow ths poor girl to_stoms, leaving only Lier Jegs and feot, and killed and wounded gixty persore. THE ESCAPE. Napoleon belioved that tho Jacobins, of whom a remnant remained, had dovised this thing, and heo Liad a list propared and some of the most no- Bl hon in Fraaco banisiied to the Caysnne,— amoogst thom the veteran _Gen, Rossignal, Le- brun, tho painter, and Cerradchi—a sculptor whose work is in the old Capitol at Washiugton, and who modeled a head of Gen. Washingtcn,— and others, were executed. The only effect ap- on the national polity of France obtained by this iniquitous performauce was to hasten the Empire rnd widen the arena of bloodshed in civilization. 5 TFonche, however, holding to the beliet that Cadoudal's gang, and not the Jacob- ins, were the guilty persons, continued his in- Vostigations, and in auother month fixed the re- onsibility, The original owner of the horse, the stablo-keeper, and the cooper who bound the barrel with iron, were found, and police- sgents sent to the fastnesses of Bretagne dis- covered where Carbon's sisters lodged in Paris. From the youngest sister was extorted the rove- lation of the whereabouts of two of the wretches, Carbon had found an asylum amangst some old puns in & Temote part of Paris, recome mended there by the family of an Arch- Bishop. Carbon denounced Limoelan and Sant Rejaut, and the latter was found wounded in bed, tended by one of Cadoudsl's men, and with 211 the proots of the couspiracy about Lim. Thus two of the assassing were found and promptly beheaded ; but Limoelan, in some mauuer not yet revealod, escaped to America, snd his body rests under the Convent of Georgetown, which his fortune hag endowed. A BANDIT PRIEST. His roal name was Joseph Pierro Picot de Limoelan do Cloriviere, and ho was s Breton ofticer in the army of Lounis XVI., of the age of 21 when tbe Revolution broke omt. At that time, his schoolmate, the great Cbaieaubrisnd, was starting to Amorica with some Sulpcian pricsts who were to establish a Prieats’ College at Baltimore, wiule Chateaubriand wanted to find the Northwest Passage. These French priests had been nearly tea years snugly fixed in professorships at Baltimors and Georgetown when Limoelan took tlight. He natwally camo to them for protection ; for Lis uncle was a re- nowned Jesuit, and between 181¢ and 1824 was Superior of tle Jesuts in France. Teu yours before tho explosion of tho infernsl machine, according to bhea's History of tho Churely, Biswop Carroll bhad pressed the Jesuit uncie to come to America, and Shes says that Carroll knew the eider Cloriviere intimately in 1790. Now, queerly enough, ic was in 1790 that Carroll made ws second visit to England, where e went to be consecrated by Bishop Walmsley. 1t would appear, therefore, that the two Jesuit Ppriests must havo kilown each other, perhaps ac 5t. Omar, France, whers Carroll was cducaced, and, as Josuits keop up international correzpoud- @ with great zcal, it is possible that the uncle and tho American Bishop arrauged to muke it Dospitable for Napoleon's young assassin. When Limoolan was doioyg this work in_Paris, ho was o Chevalier of St. Louis, and Major~ General under Cadoudal. While Cadoundal was gorving the Church, he was also putzing priesis to death whom he suspected of incliming to peace. Limoelan was, at tho time, afianced t0 & young lady at Versailles, aud he wrote to the Tumily, before emburking, to_send her to the Unitcd States for the solemnization of the mar- risge. She replied that, when he was 1 the greatost danger, sho bad made a vow Of perpet- ual celibacy if Heaven would permit him to es- cape. The young exile aw 1o other source but to follow her example ; but it seems that he did not do 50 promptly,—for it was not until 1808 when be entered tho Priest’s Semizary at Baltimore, at the agoof 40, LITERATURE OF THE CONVI The late French sutbor, Saint Bzuve, wrote a romance called * Volupte,"n which ho made Limoelan figure, s well as his atfisucod, Mlle, Jeuue d'Albert ; but he was so little respectfal to the Breton that the family of the latter wrote areply. Tho lady in France, although aever marrying, took pains mot to becomo & num. Limgelaa was cousecrated in 1312, and sent to Charleston to put down tho Catholic laity in their attempts to obtain more representation, and there he spent gome years. Whether be_was appointed Director of tho Georgetown Convent by Neale, or by the third Bishop of the Churck in Amcrica, who was & Frenchman, is not clear. The latter, Arcubishop Marechs), was born near Orleans, and sent mis- sionary to cld St. Xary'’s, and to the eastern ghore of Marlund, and, after spending scveral other years in France, was made absolute herein the United States. DEATH OF THE ABBE. Thers is little more to be said about Limoslan, except that Lo governed the nuus about nine years, and, in 1824, they wore so poor and stary- ing as to have resoived to disperse. Thoir Director ordered his property in France to be sold to meet the situation, sud, with the receipts, ho built the present Chapel of the Bacred Heart of Jesus within the walls, snd erected the Academy building. Tho school became self-sustaining with these enlarge- ment, and in 1824 he excited the country, and rovived the bloody episode of bis early life, Ly proclaiming a mirsclo ot the convent. ‘Phis miracle was a8 mysterions as the plot in the Rue Saint Naicaise, twonty-four yeara provi- ously. It was preceded by tho slloged curo of Mrs, Anne Mattingly, sister of the Mayor of Washington, who nad written for_advico s to ber disease to the Priest-Prince Hohenlohe, who was at the time & professional miracle-worker with a world-wide fame. He prescribed a No- rena, or nine-prayer devotion, for Mrs. Marting- Iy; and & tumor with which she was afllicted was suddenly cured. Enormous cxcitement follow- ed this cure, the Protestauts decrying tho hon- csty of tho thing; but the Abbo Cloriviero clenched the matcer by having one of his nune as effectually cured. At the age of 53 Limoclan was stricken with apoplexy, and survived tho stroko but a little while. e requested that be should be buried in tho middlo of the convent~vault, and s tomb raised over bim, on which the coffin of each unccessively-dying sister should" be rested whilo tba coromony of the dead was being performed. By his will he condemned to the flames lis vo- luminous memoirs on bis portion 1n the plot to asenssinate the Firat Consul, and other matters about the war in Brotagne snd Poitou. An old sister recollccts that Lo showad ber the bundles containing these memoirs, saying that ho soaled the eccountof each year atits closo, and never again opened it, zlthough, a8 he added, much of interest lay therein, both to history and to re- ligion. His wishes wero strictly complied with, and the menuscript burned,—thus deopening the mystery, if possible, around the convant-vault, whore now and then the bandof seif-incarcerated women meet to consign some of their number to the scarcely-narrower arens of the grave; and the central object in the place is the plain tomb of Limoclan. PABALLEL READINGS. Some of the circumstances in the above story recall the flight of John Surratt, s pupil of Georgetown Collego, which presides_over the convent. Surratt, more secular than Limoelan, not only escaped across tho ses after being hidden by French priosts sbout Montresl, but hoe becemo & military man in the Papal Guards, and thence visited the scencs of Bonaparte's campaigus in Egypt, to be returned to lus country op & ship-of-war, acauitted, and finally married a fow miles from tho Capital. His mother, however, was left in the place of the Little girl who held tho horee for tho assassins in the Ruo Saint-Naicaiso. BOMANISM AT THE CAPITAL. The clump of Catholic institutions on George- town Heights is imposiog, picturcsque, aud im- pressive to all the sensibilities. The coilcge- honses, standing upon a tall steep, are built of brick in different periods; and two high towers, like thoss of & castle, with peaked turrets sud & cross, show over all the wurrounding country. The Dotomsc, here contracted to a doep and nar- zow cisnnel, flows_under the walls; and the scenery on that eido has the character of both the Upper and Lower Rhine,~in front, clear, rushing, and ‘with wooded banks; in the dis- tance, miles broad, and with low shores, whera the plain of the city and the flats are inundated. Some portions of the building were erected in 1789, There are & great mnumber of priests on the premises, all Jesuits; and, although ~tho Academic Departmept bas generally under 200 pupils, the Law and Modical schools, in the city, are quite Hourishing. Justice Miiler, of the Supreme Court, is one of the Professors in tho Law De- partment ; and both the special faculties are strong. Justice Miller, ex-Senstor Cassorly, aud many other public men. have honorary degrees from this collega; which also supporis two companies of cadéts, a reading-room 1n George- town, and five*literary and religious socioties. There are thirty ecclesiastics 1 tho college nlonc. The Astronomical Qbservatory was oue of the first erected in America, 3ad the telescope has a 4-inch glass, snd the traneit-instrament a still larger vne, while the equatorial telescope in tho dome has an cbject-glass of 4 8-10inches. Tho library has 83,000 yolumes,~80me appa- rensly saved from the ruins of Jesuit establish- ments in Europe. One of its manuscripts dates 1280 A.D., and 100 volumes were printed be- tween 1460 and 1520. Examining the list of stu- dents during the post yoar, thoy mre found to come chiefly from Marylaod, Louisians, tho District of Colimbia, and tho . Spanlsh-Americsn Btates, par- ticularly Mexico. Protostants consign thair children to Georgetown, although the standard history of the Catholic Church says of it that it has been “ the moat fruitful of all’ nurseries for the Priests' Seminary in Baltimore.” < Itisan impressive visit, to drive or walk in the afternoon out of the broad avenues of Wash- ington, and cross the little barrier of Rock Craek nto tho narrow streeta of ‘Georgetown, swhich looks to be half-a-contury oider than the Capital City, and then. traversing tho wholo Jength of this old suburb, seo to our right tho long, low brick front of the convent. with its: Jittlo chapel sot in the facade, and the stylish now show-hall of the seminary at the anglo, while behind it, with high inclosing walls, stretch tho 40 acres of convent-grounds, quite up to the college-property. They are but's few rods apart, and communicate. Tho college- lawn &nd farm cover half as much ground as all Georgatown, and tvo creeks wind through theso grounds in deop, misty dells, passing under tho great aqueduct by culverts, very day the spaco' botween tho two piles of collego- structures is filled with vehicles, horses, and pedestrians, assembled to seo the boys at their sports, or to regard the magnifi- cent view afforded of \Vashington City from the rocky terrace behind the old refectory, In 1870 the Catholics had cleven churches in Washington, which accommodated about 9,000 persons, whilo their praperty was valued at about £900,000. In the ontire District wore 112 churches of all donominations, with 64.000 sit- tings, and property valued at $3,400,000. The Catholics possess in thie District a Iarge hospital, to which Congress Las voted support, sud sev- eral asylums which have been assisted in ground or benefactions. BISHOP CARROLL'S CHAPEL. About 10 miles north of the city is the spot which must bo always noted amongst American Catholies s tho Home snd Mission Church where Fatier John Carroll reorganized, while tho Rovolutionary War was happening around him, the Itomsn Church in America. It is small, neat church, rebuilt in recent years, with aschool-house closo at hand, and many old graves under tho trecs. One of the gravestones tells the story of the Bishop's mothes : + Elesnor Carroll, relict of Danel Carroll, Esq. Died 34 February, 1796, aged 92.” This lady was probably responsible for her son becoming a priest. She was a Miss Darnall, of au impovershed Catholic fami- iy near Upper Marlboro, to which village Car- roll's father came from Ireland to be s mer- chant. Miss Darnall had about that time re- turned from France, whero her father, after tho fashion of the Catholic Maryland ' planters, had placed her at school. Carroll's sisters marricd the Brents, of Aquis, Va._ Ono of them, Elizabeth, lies in this grave- yard beside ber husband,—he dying at the age of 73, and eho 63. With theve were intermixed tho Digges family, very rich, aud haughty in their @sy, who ars now best known for extond- ing an asylum and grave to Maj. Pierre Charles L Enfant, whé laid out the City of Washington. CABROLL’S RANE. In sight of this churchyard, John Carroll, after about twenty years'absence in the Jesuit schools of France, began his work of revivingtha Catho- lic power in the United States, which had nearly dissppesred for want of priests, and by the superior ardor snd repressing laws of tho Prot- estants. At the close of the Revolution, Carroll computed 16,000 Catholics in the State, 7,000 in Pennsylvania, snd only 1,600 in all the other Colonics. Maryland bad but nine priests and Peunsylvania five. Carroll had no great natural powers, but the Jeanit institutions and given him fervor and discipline, and hia op~ portunity for use and distinction was acquired from his brother and cousiu, tractable and neigh- borly men, who saw that théy conld emancipate their fellow-denomonationslists by joining tho popular party against Kig George. “The priest was induced to accompany Benjamin Franklin and Charles Carroll on s political mission to Canads, soon after he returned, but he never ventured twice to exceed Lis spiritual duties; and, when the French Revolution disturbed the clergy of all Europe end the Spanish and French ‘West Indies, Father Cerroll had it in his power to receive, distribute, and dircet them. Mary- lend became of far more consequence 28 & Catholic district than the Lords Baltimore had over made it; and at Georgotown, Baltimore, Emmotsburg, snd Frederick, were established, within a few years of each other, b seriea of in: stitutions, which have to some degree propa- gated Catholicism, but to s greater degree pre- served it from its natural weskness in 8 coun- try whoro s roligion and & msn have to take curo of themselves. FINIS. Bishop Carroll married Jerome Bonaparte to Migs Pattorson, and by Lis_influence, the Pope refused to divorce the couple. Ono of his most celebratod sermons was e enlogy on Washington, His successor in the Dioceso of Baltiriore wore Leonard Neale, Marylandor ; Ambrcse Marechal, French ; James Whitfleld, Enzlish, and pupil iv Franco of Marcchal; Ssmucl Eccleston, Protes- tant convert, born on the Esstern Shors of Mary- land: apd Francis P. Keprick, born ia Dublin and edacated in Rome. Washington is still sub- ject to the Diocese of Baltimore, but there has long been talk of making it Metmpomm‘.} AT ON THE DECADENCE OF MOD:RN POESY. What 3 time fs this wo live in, When the lyre-strinzs of tho Muses Throb in harsh, discordant masur #, Strack by hands profane and vulga ; Treating subjects grave and sober With o light and carcless mention; Introducing slang and bombast 1n connection with the solemn, low the sacred Dames in Homer,— Smooth, euphonious, and classi Sung by bards unskilled in numbers, Or devoid of any rev'rence, Top and skip about like puppets In the modern Punch and Judy. Oh! how fearful to contemplata Such a tale ss T will tell yau To cxemplify the manne: In which common, petty rhymesters Make familiar with their masters Tnoy will selzo 3 pon, and tell you How tho Trojans Hectorod Grecians, Aud Achilies killad the Trojans, How the Jove-defying Ajax Stood astride upon the ramparts ‘Which the carpenters had builded From tho Phrsgisa woods they leveledy Hurling hunks of rock, and such ke, . On the desth-devated caputs Of tho citizens of Tlium, How Tydides fought the Charmer From tho courts of high Olympus, Drawing forth celestial ichor ‘Through ber radiaut epidermis, How tho “ level-head,” Ulysses, ‘With his tried and trusty comrade, In the umbrage of the mldnight, Bilked the guards of Daddy Prisin, And cut off trem:ndous numbers 48 they wanderel in the dresmland; . And that, whep the war was endsd, And the fair and fickle Helen ‘Wasrestored to Menelaus, Great Ulysses, homeward turning From the sanguine field of battle, Roamed sbout another decade In the realms of angry Neptune; ook a short cut into Hades, And shook hands with his relations; Saw the ghoat of friend Achilles, And exchanged the latest war-rews,— In the distance sullen Ajax, Unrelenting iu his dudgeon ; There he met his fellow-vos'ger, Who was drunk with wine and wassafl At the feast which Circe gavo him, And, rotiring o the house-top To sleep off his dizzy headache, Rolled from off the Mansard roof-tres ‘And involved himeelf in ruin. Al my tongue grows weak {n felling Fiow some eacrilegions moderns Give offenco to all the Musea By their bass interpolations % Of uncoutb and vulgar phrases From the mint of common colnzge. . NEWHALL, Anccdote of o Spider. Afine old Eoglish gentleman (Mr. Moggridge), with abuadaat of leisure for s(:udies ii‘x%fi\tgle history, Las written a very entertaining book on ingects, in one chapter of which, asa critic ausorte; ho ‘elevates the character of the epider.” It is slensmt, at any rate, to know that Lie bas found out cnough about the crea- ture’s feelings 1o elovate scionce in the direction of mercy. The story is briefly as follows : Mog- gridge liad been in the habit of immersing for preservation Lis different specimens of spiders and ants in bottles of alcohol. He saw that they struggled for & few minuies; but he thought that the sensation was soon extinguishad, aud they were soou ires from suffering. On one occasion he wished to preserve s large female spider and twenty-four of her young ones that he had captured. He put the mother into a bottlo of slcohol, ond eaw that after a few moments ehe folded her legs abont her body and was st rest. He then put into the bottle the yonng ones, who, of courge, manifested acute pain. What was his surprise to see the mother arouse herself from-her lethargy, dart round to, snd Emm Ler young ones to her bosom, fold er arms eronnd them, nnd again relapso into inscusibility, until at length death came to her relicf, and the limba no longer controlled by this maternal icstinct, rolaxed their grasp and be- came dezd The effect of the exhibition apon bim is & lesson to our common humanity. He has spplied chloroform before immersion. Judging from the sbove, the spider ia certainly superior to the human anis in the fact that alcohol doea not destroy her natural affection. REVIVALISM. Its Progress Among the Evan- gelical Churches. Earge and Constant Accessions by the Various Organizations. Reports from Allinois, Indiana, fowa, and Other States. The Work in the- Hands of the Pastors, and Not of Evangelists, A very wide-spread and general revival infiu- enco is among the churches of tho country, and especially is it apparent in the churchos of the West dnd Northwest, The sweck of prayer, which was generally observed in all the churches the first week of ‘the prosent year, has, in very many cases, resulted in revival, which has con- tinued with growing power fromthe firat weeks of tho year till now. In the Baptist and Methodist churches of the country revivals have beon tho rale rather than the exception, while Presbyterian churches sre the next largest sharers in tho good results of these awakinge. The relizions press present columu after column of reports which indicate that the present re- vival exceeds in importance and general interest any which has taken place for many years, These ravivals which, » fow years ago, wero al- most entirely conducted by professional * revi- valists” or ‘* Evaugelists,” are at present under the control of the pastors of the severgl churchos. There is much less of the sensations) and start- ling than thoro used to be, and it is bolieved that the effects are more important and much less ephemeral. Following is some of the latest news gathorod from tho religious press in regard to the revival movement uow in progress: DAPTIST. The Rev.J. S. Mabie, pastor of the Rock Tsland Baptist Church, flnring the four weekn cnding Feb. 8, had baptized 104, and the interest had not abatod in the Jeast. Sunday, Feb. 1, ha gave the right hand of fellowskip fo €5, After the sermon, Feb. 8, 300 rose for prayers, and the revival was thouglit to havo only begun. At Atlanta, IIi., the pastor, tho Rev. J. W, Tcenbarger, aided by the Rev. Mr. Hutton, of Atlants, bas baptised 17, sod Sunday, Feb. 1, the pastor gavo the hand of fellawship to 20, The Rov. Mr. Icenberger is now aidiug bis {mnhernl Hutton in s rovival in progross in At- lanta, Il Mason City, IN., hag witnossed 26 baptisms, and 15 more are awaiting reception. Seversal persons have becn converted at Arco- 1a, 1L, under the preaching of tha Rev, W. H. Steadmaun. On the evening of Wednesday, Feb. 11, four persons wero baplised in tho Decatur, I, church. The Rev. E. C. M. Burnham hés been presch- ing for several weeks at Erie, Ill., resulting in twenty-two conversions, and the reclsiming of cleven. Several others atill await the ordinanca of baptism. At Albion, Mich., the Rev. Mr. Moxon had buffiznd eight persons up to Feb. 15, n Rockford, Mich., over twenty conversions were reported up to Feb. 10. At Ceresco, Mich., sixty conversions are reported; and st Bay City, thirteen. At Depers, WWis., & remarkabld ravival is tak- ing place, and between 150 and 200 conversions are counfed, A rovival is in progress in Fort Howard, Wis., and has resulted in a good many conversions. Tho_pastor of the Almond, Wis.. Baptist Church reports ten reclaimed and thirty con- vorsions. The Rov. C. Tripp, of Waatoma, Wis., is hold- ing a series of protracted moetings, and fifteen have beon converted. ’ At Omalia, Neb., eleven persons were received into the Baptist church on Feb. 1, three of whom were by baptism. ival in the church at Otley, Ia., under tho ministry of the Rev. A, . Sutton, reaulted in the baptism of ten persons in the Des Moines River, Feb. 8. Thirty-three new converts were baptized in the now baptistry of the church in Malvern, Ia., Feb. 8. Beveral others are awaiting baptism. A eimilar number has Leen received into the Pres- byterian and Methodist churches of that place. The meeting was commonced by tho Baptists, the pastor, the Rev. J. R, Sherrafelt, and the Rev. J. W. Roe, -of Riverton, doing the preach- ing. ‘The interest in the meetings became so general that tho Bchool Board dismissed the schoola st 1 o'clock each day. in order that the punils might sttend the afternoon meetings. The Rev. H.W. Brown, of Wisconsin, has closed a meeting of nine davs’ duration in Fair- figld Baptist church, Iows, in which 100 conver- Bli:m“ :yra couated, among which is the Mayor of the city. . ‘Under the preaching of the Rev. H. W. Brown, the Baptist church 2t Washington, Ia., has wit- nosaed aeventy-fivo conversions Bince Jan. 22. About twenty have been converted at Parma, TIa.. and thirteen have been added to the church. The litlle Baptist church in Blue Grass, Ia., consisting of nineteen members, bas a powerfal revival on it hands. As manyss forty have TiRen for prayers in one night. Thirty have just been roceived into the church in Mitchell, Ind. Feb. 1, seventeen wero added to the Baptist church st Rossville, Ind., cight of whom woro ‘baptizod. At Worthington, Ind., eloven have been con- verted, Eight young ladies were baptized in White Rivor on one dsy, The Walesboro, Ind., church hus just recetved thirty-fve by baptism, snd sevon by lottor and experienca, METHODIST. Revivals are in progress in almost every Methodist church in Chicago. Last Monday, at the Teachers' meeting, reports for the precading vieck wore as followt: Grant Place Church, the TRev. T. C. Clendenning pastor, three on proba— tion; Halsted Street Church, four on probation ; at St. Charlea, Ill., forty-two are reported to have been converted; at the Park Avenue Charch, twelve bad ssked for prayers. Tho Centenary Chureh, which has caitied on a revival of great ‘power for several weeks, resulting in the conver- sion of several hundred persons, reports the worl still in progress. The revival effort in Trinity Church continues with much promise, The Rev. H.W. Thomas, pastor of the First Church, commenced o series of union revival meetings during the past weck. At Clyde, under the preaching of the Rev. T. P. Marsh, thirteea swere converted up tn Fob. 16. At the Michigan Avenus Methodist Church, on Michigan avenue, near Thirty-second strest, sbout forty conversions havo taken place, the greater part of whom bave united with tho chnreh. A series of meetings at Woodbull, 111, the Rev. A.E. Da, pastor, hasresulted in the conversion of thirty-three, 0of whom twonty-seven have Joined the church. The church at Secor, 111, over which the Rsv. B.0. Manning prosides, bes had s revival, re- ulting in the union of twenty-two with the So- ciety. A series of revival meetings was_commenced at Sublette, I1l., on Fob. 15, by the Rev. P. Gor- don, aided by the Rev. A. H. Bhoonmaker, and by Mre, G. M. Johneon. A series of loctnres, commenced esrly in the winter at‘Cedar Fallg, Ia., by the pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of that city, the Rov. A. B. Kendig, grow into a ravival which extended throngh seven weoks, and resulted in tho union of fifty-two persons with the church. A wonderful awakening has_taken place at Abingdon, Tll., under the ministration of tha nastor, the Rev. Mr. Hovey. The conversions ap to Feb. 15 reached about 200 in number, and 150 additions had been made to tho church. The revival has been continuous for a period of three monthe. Elizabeth, Iil., reports forty-five conversions under the labors of the Rev. P. C. Btire, of the Methodist Church there. A revival of three weeks’ daration in the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Terre Haute, Ind., upto Feb. 10, resulted in forty-three con: versions, and a similar number of accessions to the church. A revival of six weoks in ElPaso, Iil., has added thirty-thren new members to the charch of which the Rev. G. W, Guo is pastor. A very interesting ravival commenced at the watch-meeting in the Ottawa Strect Methodist Episcopal Church at Joliet, under the pastorate of the Rev. J. M. Caldwell. More than 250 have presouted themselves at the altar ssking pray- ers, and over 200 have professed conversion, of whom 156 had united with the church up to lsat Sunday. What1s very remarkable, four-fifths of tho number are aduits. and the majority men. Since conference, last fall, the Rev. Mr. Reynolds, pstor of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Fort Madison, Iows,bas received forty-three persons to the communion. At Charles City, Jowa, the Rev, H.W. Ben- nett, after 8 two-weeks' moeting, gsthered twenty-geven into the church, who wero re- ceived Feb. 8. Fifty or sixty have been convert- edinall. A rovival is in progress at Minonk, Ill,, in the Aethodist Episcopal Church, the Rov. L. Spring- %x:;hps;tor. Thirteen conversions wero,received At Independence, Tows, under the ministra- |- tions of the pastor, tho Rey. H. 8. Church, ;bged by Bister Belle Leonard, there have been conversions, representing over sixty heads of familics, 3 i i The revival in Lebanon, Ind., continues. Within the past siv woeeks forty-six additions have been made to the church. _Fifty conversions have faken oplace in the Nowton, Towa, Methodist Church, under the pastorafe of the Rev. William Hoy. - A series of revival meetinga which commenced on New Year's Eve, in Centro Point, Towa, has continued to the present time. The revival in- flnence began in the Bunday-school, and at length extended to tho adult portion of the so- eiety, resulting in the addition to the church of thirty-five new converts. Tho pastor was aided in the work of evangelization by the Rev. H. Hollenbeck, the blind evangelist. At Watseka, T1l,, undor the labors of the pas- tor, sided by’ the Rev. R. A. Cowen, sixty-two persons have been converted and have anited with the Methodist Church, and there are ten or fitteen moro who profess to have experienced tno joss of conversion. A revival meeting has just closed in the Math- odist Chnrch at Fort Atkingon, Is., the Rev. Charles Creescy. pastor, at which somo ffty per- sons have been converted, of whom thirty-two haye joined the charch. More than twonty conversions have taken Place in the Methodist Church at Mendon, Mich. A revival of ten weeks' duration in Crawforde- ville, Indians, bas resulted in the addition of 160 new members to the Metbodist Church, thirty by letter and 130 on probation. Other churches bave also shared in the revival influences. Sundav, Feb. 15, tho pastor of the Marquatte, Michigan, Mothodist Church, the Rev. J. M. Johnston, baptized cleven aad received thirty~ two on probation. Seventy-three persons have united with the Mathodiat Church in Monticello, Ind, on proba~ tion and letter since last fall. _ At Norwood, Michigan, a revivalin the Method- ist Church has added twenty-seven persons to the church, Onthe Pushville, Til. Circuit, soventy-five conversions have taken placo 8o [ar this winter. One of the most general and profound relig- ions excitements that has ever shaken a city has taken place in Mattoon, IIl. Tho interest has spread throngh all the churches, but has been most marked in tho Methodist body, which has received 450 new converts since tho commence- meot of tho new year. In Greencastle, {nd., the Methodist Church, under the Rev. Mr. Buchtel, has reccived about 200 new members within a few woeks. PRESRYTERIAN. Presbyterian missionaries from Park Ridge, Jofferson, and Norwood Bave succeoded in awakening a deep revival interest among the in- mates of the Cook County Poor-House. =_Every Sunday afternoon religions services aro held in the'dining-hall. At almost overy meeting some rise for pravers. At Sugar Creek, Ia., at the last communion soason, twenty-one Dersous were added to the Péesbyierhn Church, a8 the result of & revival effort. The Presbyterian Church in Indianols, Ia., added eleven to its church-roll Feb. 8, at the close of & reriea of extra meotings. Feb. 8, the Rev. J. G. Butler, pastor_of the Presbyterian Church at Grand ‘Tower, Tll., bap- tized into the church eighteen now converts, making in all twenty-one eince the first of the year. , A protracted mesting of fVe weeks' duration in the Vermont, Ill., Presbyterian Church has added to it fourtcon new converts. At Morris, IIL.the Methodist, Baptist, Con- gregational, and Prosbyterian churches have held o serics of union services, 1esulting in a general religions awakening. Over sixtv Bavo Tisen for prayer, many of whom rejoico in hone. Hepworth, 1L, Presbrterian Chnrch has held a sories of special moetings, resulting, thus far, i the addition of sixty porsons to the Church by protession of faith. At Peotone. Ill, tho First ‘Preshyterian Chureh, atits Jast communion, received seven- tean now members, six by letter and eleven by nrofossion. Ten of the eleven wero from the Sabbath-school. The Olney. Ill., Presbyterisn Church, Feb. 8, added forty-two conyerts to ita roll of member- ship at the conclusion of a eeries of ravival moetings. Tho church had been weakened by the secession of & large number of its members to form a Congregational church; but the re- vival has more than made up for tho loss by the sdded numbers and incroase of enthnsissm. Sixty new converts have been added to the Presbyterian Church in Brownstown, Ind., 2s the resnlt of s series of revival meetings. CONGREGATIONAL. Twenty-five conversions have taken placo in the Sundav-school of the Congregational Church at Grauville, I11., since te week of prayer. At Uollega Springs, Ina., forty new converts have been added to the Congregational Chureh, and- a large number have joined the other churches of the place, The Congregational Church at Carroll, Ia., ro- ceived six persons at the laet communion. 3 Thirteon wnited with éhe Congregational Church at Cherokee, Ia., Feb. 8. Union mestinzs of ~ Congregationaliats and Methodists are in progress at Manchester, Ta., and aleo at Strawberry Point, which gives much promise of good. An unususl religious interest has been de- veloped at Columbns, Neb., in the Congrega- tional Church. The Rev. Mr. Eage is assisting the pastor. 5 ‘The Pilgrim Church, Eavrence, Kas., received nioe new members Feb. & and the reyival still continues. — THE MOUNTAIN. Wooed by the winds that, sighing, ‘Near thee would fondly stay; * Wooed by the light that, dying, Lingers behind the day. Wooed by the blusbing morning; Wooed by tho purplo eve, ‘That hastes to thy adorning, Or lingers loth o leave. Desr to the snows that cap thee; Dear to the storms that hide; Toved \Ii'nlhn mists that wrap thee, Climbing the mountain-side. The stars of Heaven, descending, Droop from the arch above; And Dian's self, unbending, Sinks in thy arms of love, But to the one whose home sleeps 5 Low on thy slopes 60 fair, Over whose cot thy strength keeps Guardisn watch and care, Than to the winds or aunlight, Btorms or tho drooping star, * Blush of morn or the twilight, Dearer thou art by far. Cmnres Noprx GRroont. Munisox, Wis. T o A Letter of Carlyle’s on Capital and Labor. The following unpublished letter from Mr. Carlyle to Sir J. Whitworth, regarding the an- nouncement mado some months ago of the lat- ter's intention to supplement the sasings of his workueor’le by a boous upon them, was read on Jan. 26, by the Hon. and Rev. W. H. Lyttelton, at s meeting of the Stourbridge School of Art: “T have heard of your offer on behalf of the thrifty work people of Darley, and of the thank- ful acceptance of it by the district authorities of the place, I cannot resist the highly unwonted desire that has risen iu me to say that I highly approve and applaud the idess you hava on the bject, and to declare in words tbat in my opinion nothing wiser, more beneficent, or worthy of your distinguished place as a master of workers has camo before me for many o year. ‘Would to Heaven that sll or many of the cap- tains of industry in England had s soul in them such as_yours, and could do as you have done, or could” still further co-operate with youin works and plans to the like effect. The look of England i8_to me st this moment abundantly ominous. The question of capital and labor, growing ever more anarchic, insoluble altogeth- er by the notions hitherto applied to it, is pratty certain to issue ip petroleum one day, ualess gome other goepel than that of the * Dismal Bci- ence’ come to illuminateit. Two things are retty sure to me. 'Cho firet is, that capital and abor never can or_will agree togather, till they ‘both firat of all decide on doing their work faith- | fully thronghout,. anod like men of conscience and honor, whose highest aim is to behave like {faithful citizens of this universe, and obey the etornal commandment of the Almighty God, who msade them. The second thing is, that a sadder object than either that of the coal striko, or any conceivable strike, ia the fact that, loosely speak- ing, all Englsnd has decided that the profit- ablest way is todo ita work ill, slimly, swiftly, and mendacionsly. What s contrast between now and, eay, ouly s handred yearsago! At that Intter date, or_still more conspicaoualy for ages before that, all England awoke to ita work with an invocation to the Eternal Maker to bless them i their day’s labor, and help them to do it well. Now, all Englaud, shopkecpers, workmen, il mapner of competing laborers awaken, as if with an unsgoken. but heartfelt prayerto Beelze- bub: *Oh, kelp us, thou great lord of shoddy, adulteration, and malfeasance, to do our work with & maximum of slimness, swiftness, profit, and mendadity, for the devil's sake, Amen[*” THE FARM AND GARDEN. Land-Rollerse=How to Make Vinegars Bitters--Well-Augors and Tile-Tub= ing--Land-Plaster for the Prairies- A Watch for 84--Farm-Fences of the WWhitc Willowe-A List of Winter Ap= plcs--The Open Winter—-Canning or Drying of Fruit nnd Vegctablese= New fuventions-—A Xed of Xarl. From Our Agricultural Correspondent. Cuaxtparoy, TIL, Feb, 19, 1874, LAND-ROLLERS. Mmnufacturers of farm-implements are con- tinuaily seeking new things; that is all right, and yet they should not pass by thoso that are old, simply from their age. Wo aro led to this remark more particularly by efforts to produce something now in the way of a land-roller,— something on which to hang s patent, or some- thing new that shall attract attention. These men forget that farmers are becoming rather practical; they meet 8o often, in theso days -of Grangera and Farmers' Clubs, that they arequite liskle to talk over all the new ideas sent forth in cireulars or advertised in theindustnal journals. Thoso men msy, therefore,* expect that the new thing will be looked at somewhat critically. Tho average farmer may be eupposed to look back at Jeast twenty years. At that date, the wooden land-roller was used to a limited extent. This was an oak log somo 8 to 10.feet long and 20 to 24 inches in dismeter, and was a rather primitive mode of rolling the rough clods; yet its uso gave promise of value, and something better was sought for, and some New-England genius sent ont a cast-iron roller, cast in threo Lollos sections ; but, unfortunately, ho attached tha~power in such & manner asto destroy its value. It was sbout 6 feet long and 3) inches in dinmeter. I bave seen nothing that would com- paro with it 88 s horse-killer. I persusded s neighbor to take off the old frame, and sattach one direct to tho line of draught ; when it be- came a useful implerdent, not requiring balf the power to haul it. This effort discouraged cast- iron rollers, and tho next effort was for s large bollow roller, mado Of DarTow- sec- tions of omk-plank, bound together with iron hoops; and many of these are now in use. In 1860, 8 man by thename of Isaac P, At- water advertised ‘“‘a cast-iron land-roller, 24 inches in diameter, in 13-inch sections; six 860~ tions, $45 ; seven sections, £50; eight sections, $55; all hung ready for use.” I ordered one 6f theso, of six sections, and lmve had it in uso overy season ginco; and it has rolled hundreds of acres for others. This roller may be drawn by 8 light team, is easily turned at the ends- of tho land, and does the best kind of work; and I would not exchange it for'sny two iron land- rollers that I have seen, and especially for ono of those new patent kind, of which the.patent is moro curious than useful Mr. Atwater found little sale for +his rollers, and, the war following, the -buiinesa failed, and he found s grave on some distant field; but be bias left behind bim the best plan of & cast- iron land-roller that Las ever been put in the figld. ‘The rows of corn are ususlly planted 3 feet and 10 inches, and the roller should be just Jong enough to cover two rows; consequently 7 feet 8 inches lopg, or rather 8 feet; and these should ba in seven eections of 13 inches; and, as thers is a balf-inch play botween each section, it would be tho proper longth. I think the roller with the frame weighs about 800 pounds. Bome cnterprismg manufacturer ought to get up a good practical roller like this, even without s patent; but I should mot be surprised to hear of some énterprising genis takng out s patent forit, as it would be an easy thing to iu- vent, like the sliding-gate. A little judicions swearing wotld u:compfiah it.” It would be bet- ter to load it with 3 sham patent than not have the roller put on sale at s reasonablo price. Our implement-manufacturers think they must have their goods protected with a patent in order to #ecure a monopoly, and some of them have s very ahight show of novelty. At cur Stato Fairs, year after year, wo are shown new patent-rollers, #omo of wood and séme of cast-iron, but none of them to meet the demand. A roller need not be very heavy, nor to exceed" 22 inches in diameter ; und it is & question if one of 20 inches is not quite 28 good,'as a small roller will grind the clods, while a very largo one simply presses them into the yielding soil. A neighbor has a roller cast in thiree sections, that is_only 16 inches in diameter, that does good wrrk, and gives satiafsction. A good cast-iron rolier ought to be had for 845 orliso ot the shop, and at those prices could be 80 VINEGAR-BITTERS. Poxtuc, 1., Feb, 12, Mz, “RomuL”: Isuppose you have made use of Vinegar-Bitters in your family-ailments, _What do you think of them ? < JM 8 Why, I think thst, with two ounces of good Cape uloes, well pulverized, and 2 pint of vine- gar, Icould made good Vinegar-Bittera; tut, not being fond of nloes as a medicine, I have never inflicted such bitters on my family. They arono doubt useful in very moderate doses, providingathat you bavo a strong faith in them ; for, without faith, all such remedies have very little value. WELL-AUGERS. * This subject continues to attract attention. I Lave letters from parties who havo patents to sell; butthisjs of no iuteresttotho general reader, and they should advertise for the benefit of thote who wish to invest in such things. 1 like the ides of the tile-lining, a3 it will bave the advantage of durability at least, and then the water will be able to get in between the jomts, a8 in the case of tile-draining. Whether this kind of tubing could be made effectual in & stratam of quickeand can only-be determined by experiment. Siould it succeed, it must be the best and cheapost tubing for thus clags of farm- wells, At the gas-works in Champsign there is a 5-inch well, tubed with gas-pipe, aud inside of this is a small pipe that serves aa a pump-plung- or, reaching to the bottom, and this has been in operation for five years withoutropair, supplying the water used in the works. ‘Thero is aot so much difficulty in findidg wator 88 in excavating the quickssnd. Will some farmer who has tnied the lflmtubing give his experience in regard to its valuo? This is comparatively & new industry, in which large sums must be invested, for farmers must have a0 sbuudaat snpply of pute water. Any facts on this subject will be duly sppreciated,~not from patent-asuger men, but those who have had some exporience in this kind of work. : LAXD-PLASTER YOR THE PRAIRIES. . Towa FaLLs, lows, Feb, 11, 1874, Mgz, “RunaL” Ihave just noticed an article in the New York Tribune, from the pen of the Hon. George Geddas, who is sn scknowledged authority on farm-economics in the portion of the country in which he resides, in which ho recommenda the use of plaster to the Western furmer, on clover-fields. Having ln my mind the idea that, isf some article of yours, you said that with an experience of over twenty years in the West, you had failed to ind it of any practical value, I would ask, Is this ides correct? If not, please de- fine your position on this uestion in TaE TRIDUNE. Yours respect{ully, Tuos. G. ALVORD. tire works of thia watch are made B¥.ms ,.,\I 1 ery, and that it can be sold at the price mbg.l ) At the Elgin watch-factory, where all parts of the watch are also mado by machinery, it raquir on an average, about four dayy’ work of onoh; to makoa watch. Thiswonld show that no watch conld bo sold ot 4; Dor is it probable that those partics ever send out s watch in rotumn for the money remitted; and it is no doubt another Maynard & Co. schemo to get your ‘money without retorniog any value. The tural population are robbed of immense snms anng- ally by this class of sharpers; but, as this ia their own fault, 0o one has much sympath- for them. If you sond mouey for any of these sry cur:ap goods tho chances are against your ser hearing from it. on ‘WHITE WILLOW FOR FENCES, 2z Gmasp 11L, Feb, 3 Ma, 4 Rrmar, 7 S havo vetn 3 comtans ot e your lotters in Tz TWBULE, and they are always wal. come, and takenat par. - 1 want to plant 1% or 2 miles of willow—cuttings, T hiave them of my own growing. Wil it do to cut them | this month, and cover them with straw on the ground? - Will they keep good in this way, xd grow in spring ? Or, when {s the best time, and’ how care for them 7 What size is best for uplands 7 Will large onss, sy & fect long, do in low ground? “Ihave some cut and covered with straw, I am in favor of willowin prefer- ence to Osage-orange. I have them both, What do you 83y now, as 3 hedge, etc. T i A number of my apple-trees died last year, in all, perhaps seventy-five, I wish toill up with winter var rioties. What kinds do you recommend for this cli. mate ? Joszem Smw, Tho cuttings may bo taken off st onoo, and, aa goun a8 tho frost is out of tho ground, they should be sct. The willow startaverv early, and shounld be set before the buds swell, or tke chances are that the cuttings will not take root, thongh they may_send ont shoots, giviog ona the promiso of growth. I am now having the stakes cut for 80rodsof fence, and hope to have them set beforo the 1stdayof March. These stakes or cattings sre 4 feet long, sod from 1 to 8 inches in dismeter at the top. - Four years ago I set soma 40 roods with this size of zuttingd, and now it is & firat-class fence in all respects, Tho cuttings were set 1 foot apart, and, 4 they are now of an average of 4 inches in dismeter, the openings aro 8 inches, =nd thig will bo reduced_from yesr to year. After thig year tha tops willdo to cat back for wood or other cattings. Ibave snother fence that was made from the common 10-inch cuttings of the twigs ; but this fence is not perfect, as thera aremany openings in It was cut back to the gmund three years since, and is now being cat ack to 2 feot, and stakes will be driven in the open spaces in order to perfect it. Throo years ago I set nearly 100 rods of this kind of fence with 4-foot stakes ; but it proved a failare, on account of Iate setting and a long dry spell of weather following. To-day I have examined this fence, and find that the cuttings wero driven in oply about 6 inches, and that toe tops were badly marred in driving,~showing that the ground must have been very hard at the time. Inthe wet places s few of them grew, and it is this fence that I sm now replacing and patching up. - I ghall set all the stakes with: 4 Iarge iron bar, that isused for the eetting of vineyard-stakes, and shall put them downat Felm 1 foot deop, leaving them 3 feet above ground. Cattle and horses will browse this fenca in the apring, until it is out of tbeir resch ; but they do not disturb it in the summer, unless the pas- turage is very short; and at such timcs they wili browse tha rag-weed, which is as bitter to the taste as the leaves and twigs of the willow. ‘The fence that was sct four years since was get in the mative wild grass-sward, or it would have made & better growth. I had occasion to ! pasture the lot 1ast year, and, fearing the cattle \ would browse it, I had a two-bo: feore ses = 3 feet from it ; but this spring I shall take the } Jboard-fence away, as no browsing that the stock ‘can do will injura it. 3 No one should attemp} to make s fence, with the small cuttiggs, such aswere lpeddled throngh the country, & few ycars ago. have some 10 rods of this fence in & slough where tho water is foot deep throngh the dry part of tho summer, —ane of those sags, or pond-holes, that 8o often ocenr on the prai can cut poles 20 foel long from this pinumncu. and not even s pig can get through it. willow, when cut green. and seasonod out of doors in & pile, and thea- housed, makes s good, steady fira; bat it must not be sllowed to get dozy before using. ‘When people begin to understand the value of this willosw for fensing, fael, and general farm. urposes, and know how to Zrow it, it will coms into goneral favor. Bat one thing wa must nol forget: to take off the cuttings before the bud: bave started. If we do_this, we may allow the catting to become partially dry, and it will grow; while those taken off too late will throw out shoots, but fail to send out roota to keep up the growth. WINTEE-APPLES. Jonathan, Ben Davis, Smith's Cider, Winess] Minkler, Rome Besuty, and Willow Twig w make s good list, thongh there are othera ol value. THE OPEN WINTER continues to disappoint the farmars, for it isale most impossiblo to get abont the country with & team; and, on the 15th, we had the first pipios of the frogs, and the blue-birds, robins, and wild geeso begin to put in an appearance. Tho latter appear much plessed with the vigorons appear- ance of the wheat-fields, and pay their respects to them accordingly; and we are just now hav- ing s good showing of the wild-gooss Wheat, a3 well as wild-goose plums. The winter-wheat makes the best show for a crop at this scsson that I have seen. According to the general belief, tho frogs must bo frozen up twice yet. The night of the l6tk stopped their piping after forty-sight hours of musio, a1d we may as well begin to prapara for an early Bpring, for no verv cold westher is liable to follow the coming of the blue-birds and the robins, and the east wind gives promise of mors Tain. i CANNIXG OR DRYING. 001 Mz, #Romar,”: Which is the be P and vegetables by drying or canning? 1 saw in your report of the Stato Horticultural meeting that dryis was highly recommended. N.8. B. The Fowler (Adsms County) Drying Factory, exhibited samples of evaporated green pess string_besus, sweet pumpkin, golden pump- kin, Houbbard squash, apples, peaches, toms toes, and sweet corn. Mr. Stewart, the farmer whq had charge of the goods, said that tho de- mand for all these dried products was far beyond the supply, and that the business paid btter than caoning. When st Elgin, some weeks gince, I was told that the Fruit-Farming Comps- ny had done a profitable business the past sca son, and _felt lupinino that it would not be es- sily overdone, s the demand for canned vegets- bles was rapidly on the incresse, It would thus appear that both systems are paying enterprises, and will need » closer competition befora we shall be able to eay which isthe beatpayingof the two. Skill and experience are_nect 25 I hsvo beard of both making s failurein other Patent rights cut no great figure in either pro- cess, though a small sum 18 paid for the evapor- ating process, and something on some now modd of making the cans. - Housekeepers in cities and villages now use lsrge quantities of cann goods, and also those prepared by evaporation: and tfiis demand appears on the lncreaso, 404 will thus give employment to large nambers o peoplo in the suburbs, who ate engaged in theif growth and preparation. Thoro iy this sdvszy taga: thatone can have good vegatsbles st 3 times withouc undergoing the risk of frosiy Thero may be mauy places in the Weat whero 1and-plaster (sulphato of lime) will be of great value; whilo there are many other parts of tho praurie-country where it is of no value. A large portion of our prairie-drift contains & goodly portion of lime in o condition for the crops, and also a good supply of suiphur in a free condition. In all such cases, plaster is of no value, for its conatituents are alrezdy in abundance in thesoil, snd the adding of more is mere waste. 1have given plaster many trials on this farm, but without secing it make tho least possible change in the appearance of the crop. The abundance of lime in the soil is no indication that » top-dressing of limo will be of no value to the crop, for all deponds on tha condition of the lime to be sssimilated for plant-food. Aany parts of Pennsylvania aud the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia are evidencs of this, for in thoao limestone-lands burned lime is essential to the wheat-crop. Clemical analysis shows that, in some soils that only show a traco of lime, & top-dressing of lims i8 of no value for either wheat or clover; while othars, that contain 8 or 4 per cent of lime, need lime a8 a top-dressing for clover aud wheat. This was a puzzle to the’ chemist, aud one thet could only be referred to the condition of the lime in the soil, and which chemical analysescould not determine. The only fest 18 experiment. 1t is possible that, on some of the Tows lands, plaster will be found of great valus; and it is, therefore, worth while to make the experiment. A barrel of plaster (not the caleined stone) will cost only some 82 in Chica- g9, and the expenee will not; therefore, be Iarge; or it may be had at_the very extensive plaster- bedsat Fort Dodge. I amnot awarethat those beds have been used for the purpose, or for anything morethan aupplying material for the Cardiff Giant and for building purposcs.. 1 saw the freight- house and other bnildings made of that plaster- rock, from which I shonld judge that the reduc- ing of it to powder would be no small task, The only use to which I now put land-plaster is to sprinkle on the vines to keep off the striped bug. A WATCH FOR $4. . A young farmer sends me a circular, sent out from New York City, offering a good watch for the above sum, and wishes to know. if suchs watch is of any valne. It iu alaimed that tha an- | be cellars. For somo years there has been, at lesst in the West, & groat lnck of dried pumpkin,—12 article that the Eastorn housekeoper forty yoar3 ago would have found it impossibla to have dono without. Now wa can have tbis yegetsble either dried or canned, ani tho days of pump~ kin-pies have returned to_bless th rars! popu- Iation, if not the citizen. In Florids green pess are_now worth &5 s bushel, but, before “:f,{ could reach us, they would bo ruined; yot canned or co-operativa articlo has a native {resh. ness that renders nothing moro dogiral NEW INVENTION. Tnventive genius js not idlo, as several ' circl la1a in rogard to patent fences and patent gates tostify ; butmost of these prosentsuch awortbless aspect 5 to disarm criticism, a8 most of ibem are old and useless. If farmers would iovesti- gate those things before putting on their inyen- tion-cap, they would save both money and tirde. A BED OF MARL. X A gentloman writes from 8. Joseph, Mich, that ho has a bed of shell-marl, and wants & know how to make s fortuno out of it. Asiti composed largely of lime and magnesis, I woud rofer him to the remarka in regard to 1snd-p| -1 ter in this lottor. No doubt this _shell-marl WI“ be of valus on the light sandy 'soila of that Bta at il points where the freight would not aa&i‘? the profits. A mile or two nortk fltb Bt. Joseph Harbaris s bed of mud i the b0} of the Iake, some 50 feet from the top: bflm do not think it has bean applied to the soil. g s0il in the bottom-lands of the river it S5 with shells, and would make s most YAIZAES fertilizer for the sandy soils in the DeiZiNC hood. A practical test is the ouly :afo Tuls D new things of this kind. Anslysis will gire ¢ goneral ides of the value of ihesa fenilisn but the fleld-trial is tho best tost after sll. O Agricaltaral Colleges ought to be ablo o £iTe3 opinion in regard to them after a tharoug! both in the field and laboratory. Busdl-- (| m———— —_——— —Tho following_is the last spocimencl English competitive examinstion : e Ezaminer—'*And now, sir, can YOO u&fl ‘where it was 'b:i‘ ug A?I:mgnglm Eing @ braced Christianif righl Toung Ge date shorsaad aary)= Tider s ey 1 T