The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, February 4, 1906, Page 6

alibre, 008; bronches of t 2,200 feet per clip forms feature dis- and last sed in the f civil w the w - interesting § 0 @ BY FRANK H. SWEET. Tilison Jane ing: broth- my an has money ain’t no pros- ne was Ye own, an’ you with at - J d ask me 1 there is s if to pre- ny fur- face was knew the his chances He turned case he useless irritation. ey were near the Zeke digging postholes patching up 1 wheel- of an agri- But in- Tillson, he began to exam- mme ppeare that,” ance he said idea, though, grand, aca. How did you happen to think me of my hired replied Tillson ver up to something es half his time.” t's s man’s djjly- grufly; “he's of that sort. Zeke flushed a little, but did not look wasted time about that,” de- the drummer emphati “it's able idea There’s money in iL” cy?” questioned Tillson cagerly; then he saw one of the horses squeezing nis body, through the open doorway of the cornerib. and he rushed off. He Engiand.—Lee megazine; 10 cartriages; UNITED STATES.— SFRINGFIELD, CALIBRE,. X el BRSREL! PO AT o0 DR VIR, SR rew SECOND: 5 SHOTS | DATE, 1905, 26 Inch barrel; for all: he service; initial velocity, second; date, 1804 Switzerland —Schmidt - Rubin; date, 1900; ealibre, .20; 8 shots; initial velocity, 1,920 feet per second: straight-pull bolt. lombia, _Uruguay, Bolivia, Orange River, Servia, Sweden, Venezue! Italy --Mannlicher - Carcano; date, 1891; 8 shots; calibre, 25 fact tha the Turko-Russian war of 1877-7 American Henry s Martini-Henry a the Ba lly among Warriors fes did enor- he Tu 1l and rob These yber With enrolled the at many the distanc the Russian rifies could carry. 2 and the eclvilian France —Lebel: of nomads ng the ontler fought exactly as Indian fighters inch blade » in the West. They v scattered in all directions, hidden in’ ditches and be- hind rocks, shr 1 mounds of earth, and with the American guns they picked off the most tmic men in the rmy and did —far more than batterles or. big “rance used Sermans —Maus the principle of the gun in the Lebel, a calibre, 81, € 5 cubulir: soausing” under the batre and feet. bayenet is not aded singly side of the re- through the model 1 Be equipped bling the soldie; with to use his Spain.—Mauser model; date, 1898; enli- vre, .278; & shots; initial velocity, 2,200 feet Also China, Mexico, Brazil, Chili, Co- Transvaal 1891, bayonet always fixed: 5 shots; i junl velosity, 2,000 feet. magazine under barrel; date;. initinl velocity, 2073 feet, ba Germany —Mauser model, date, 1898 : initial velocity, 2,148 per second. Russia —Mouzin; calibre, 30; date, calibre, 8 o sttached to barrel loader, hold the full Holland.-~Mannlicher model; date, azine f reserve. The * ap- 1895; calibre, 25; injual velocity, 2,898, pearance of this gun is ca re- feet per second: 5 'shots. length of the only four inches Jong complete rd protection ary fea- : c safety of the soldier in the backward movement when exploded. with a clip, which will be a great im- high power smokeless powders in England large numbers of what is provement over the present slow method nuzzle velocities of 2000 feet a second. known as the new *Short Enfieid” are of pfacing ten cartridges, one by one, iu This is the second model of the 24-inch to be fssued to all branches of the ser- the magazine. Recoil is about 13.4 feet barrel rific made in Springfield. The fi vice. T rile, like our new Spring- pounds a=ainst 1L9 for the present gun. 1903, was equipped with a 1amrod bayonet. field, is designed for both infantry, and The rifle is fitted with the rezulation It was the testimony cf experts in favor cavalry, being a compromise between a auxiliary long range sight on the left of the great service of the net in the rifie’ and a carbine, and made with a side, by which ranges from 1600 to 280 recent Jupanese war that caused the knife 2-inch barrel, five inches shorter than yards can be obtained. The English rifie bayonet to be revived 4 the vresent Lee-Enfield English gun. is the only one similarly equipped, prob- » make up for the In many * to our own ably for the reason that the naked eyo f the barrel the new bayonet rifle, has the complete hand guard pro- can discern very few objects at 2300 yards. n long, making the total tection designed to. carry a knife The manufacturing cost of the gun is n‘the same as the present regula- bayouet. The rear sight is of the pattern $21, azainst aboul $13 for the American Krag-Jorgersen. The army wil be lately discarded by the United States' rifle. The cartridge is similar to the d to all land naval forces and Army Board. It was first used on.the Krag, and, being rimmed, is mot well the carbines disca The muzzle ve- Krag-Jergensen, model 1898, and is con- adapted for clip loading. The Lee maga- locity of the gun is 2300 feet a second, or sidered a vast vement over the pres- zine has been severely eriticised for years 30 feet ter than the present Krag. ent Lee-Enficld rear sight. It is the one by the English exverts, but, like many The powder pressure is 49,000 pounds a that caused so much trouble and embar- other antiquated things in the old coun- square inch and the bullet 1 penetrate rassment during the Boer war. The new try, it is still retained; also the two-piece 630 inches of white pine at 1500 ,yards sight is cquipved with a notch for every stock, which recuires the use of a long distance. The recoll is greater tHan in fifty yards from a hundred to two thou- scrcw behind the breech, known in the the ordin: gun, but is not to be com- nd yards. Intermediate’ adjustment is old rific as the serew that sometimes got pared with the kick of the old .45-calf ade by the Vernier screw. loose. famous some yehrg ago for This new Enclish rifie can be loaded The large bumy at the muzzle cnd of SOGE0500 E GATE THAT WON JANE 2 @ { S IGOOGEIR GGG R R GGG N S Ry e} would have sent Zeke, only he preferred The drummer smiled. "It is that way Lim to contiuue at the postanle dig- someiimes,” he said, “but net u)wiys. ging I have known inventors to have their “Ro it'’s your idea, is it?’ said the ldeas come to them in a moment, in drummer. as he crossed to Zekc's side. flash of thought. But suppose we fix Going to have it patented, of course?” this up now.” ¥ Zeke laughed. “Patented he «choed; He opened notebook and wrote for that foolish thing? Why, it's nothing some seconds, then tor¢ out the leaf but lot of stonmes and two hinges apd handed it to Zeke. placed so the gate will shut itself. “It's a sort of agreement for you to “But that’s just e sort of thing put your name to.” he said. “Read which usually proves valuable,” persist- it first, though. ' Never sign anything ed the drummer. “The simpler the de- until you know what it is. Later, I vice, if it's useful, the befter. You'll will have regular papers made out for make a mistake if you don't protect both of us.” the id Zeke read the paper and signed his Then 1 guess I'll make the mistake,” name with the pen which the drummer said Zeke carelessly; “patents cost held ready. Then he resumed his dig- money, and 1 haven't any. Besides, if ging. A few moments later Tillson I had, I wouldn't risk fifty cents on tame hurrying back. that feolish thing.” “The dratted horse ate a full peck The drummer regarded him thought- of good corn,” he began wrathfully. “No full “Look here,” he said suddenly, supper’ll he get this night. Now, what “how would you like to make a trade? How's 1 could appropriate the idea for my- self if 1 Jid business that but I don’t. Still, T like to make money wherever I see a chance. My house does a good deal in patent articles, and I can generally guess pretty close wheth- is it 'hout that gate bizness? there pioney in it?" By getting the invention patented,” answered the drummer carelessly; “but Zeke and 1 have fixed that up. Well, I must be going." “But look here,” exclaimed Tillson; er there's money in an idea or mnot. "ye must talk with me 'bout that gate. Now, if you say so, I will put this It's mine. Zeke ain’t nothin’' to do with through at my own half the profit. expense and keep What do you say?” “You mean use stones like that, and all?” asked Zeke skeptically. No, it's only the idea T want. would find some substitute for stones.” Zeke's “If you it “Oh, T don't drummer coolly ant the gate,” said the “it's only the idea; and Good- that, 1 believe, Belongs to Zeke. by. Tillson stared at him as he walked away, the wrath deepening on his face. swung We the indifference began to vanish. really think it's worth any- thing,” he said doubtfully, “I'll be glad to have you fix it up. But I don't want you to Jose mopey.” Then, a Iit- tle wonderingly. “T- thought patents were made of pulieys and springs and —and such things, and that.'t was gen- iuses who got ‘em up. who studied years and vears to make em all rizh! Suddenly “What he round to Zeke. ?" he demanded; “I didn’t receive anything, in money," Zeke answered. “Stop,” roughly. on’t tell any yarns. Didn’t I hear the man say you an’' him fixed it up? Now, how much money did he give ye for my gate? Look at me straight.” g a3 B B N B B NG OB NSO ST A G DD DO ) RSO R NG RN RN RN Zeke did so, with a half smile. “He's to pay for getting out a patent.” he re- plicd, “and have half what we make.” An’ ye didn't get any moncy Noy a cent.,” ‘Liisun looked at kim sharply, but there was no deceit in the straigatfor- ward tuce. FEyen he realized the fact “Then ye're un jdlot,” he snurled. “The man was set on the idea; I could see that from the way he spoke. ¥ could have got fifty or a hundred dollars jest as easy as nothin’. Mcbbe we could have made a trazde for a lot of his tocls. An' now--huh! Ye'll never hear from the man again.” In. spite of what had been said, Zeke could not bring himself to be- lieve that the shmple edntrivance was of ny value. Evan when the “regular papers” came, with ‘impos- ing seuls and blank spaces for him to sign his name, he regarded them more as interesting novelties than as any- thing that would affect his future. But one day a letter came which caused his eyes to open wide with amazed delight; and which, after a half hour of hard thinking, carried him into the house after his Sunflay clothes. It was nearly dark when he returned from the town. Old Tillson met him at the barn door, his face dark. “What d'ye leave work for, without my $8y-£0”" he demandéd. | “Business,” replied Zeke. “I hcard you say t'other day the mortguge had rhn by, and that if you didn’t raise the money soon they'd be selling you out. So I've been to a lawer and ‘had it fixed over in my name, to save you trouble. You can pay me wWhenever it suits. You see,” in answer to:the look on Tillson's face, “I got a check for two thousand on the patent, znd am likely to get about as much more every year. I think I'll buy Dickson’s farm that joins ours. Now if you don't mind Tll go in ard talk with Jane awhile?” He looked at Tillson inquiringly, and after a few moments of wrathful grim- acing the old man nodded sarlily. - (Copyright, 1905, by K. A. Whitehead.) Japen.—vMei 1807; 5 shots; initial velocity, 2, i culibre, . 25; aste, 200 reet /%;Wh‘& \ S. \\{ Denmark and Norway.—Krag-Jorgen- ®en; date, 1889-94; B shots; calibre, .31] initial veldeity, 1,988; initial ve- cal., 86; locity, 9, Greece.—Gras rifie; calibre, .43; made single loade: date, 1874 the barrel is a “sight protector’—the idea evidently copicd from Germany, where this method of protecting the front sight on carbines has been in fashion since 1860 England is the land of agitation, and there has been much discussion in Par- liament over the so-called 'defects of the new rifle. "A wide impression pre- vails that it Is not the success it might be becauss too many features of the old gun have been retained. Of the 70,000 of these rifles issued few of them hav been received with favor by the troops. Canada has recently adopted the Ross rific, now heing manufactured at the Government arsen n Quebec. It is intended to replace the Lee-Endeld. It the Ross straigzht pull breech mech- sm and the Iarris magazine. Its firing ¥rate” !s about twenty rounds a minute, and it s s: that the gun will the vresent 303 cartridge. Che new German gun s officially kuown us “Model '98," and is made at the fumous Mauser factory at Obern- 32650624 ITH a view of lightening the “pa carried by soldiers, the \War Department hus been making a study of the loads borne ir the field by the fight- ing mcn of foreign armics. It has decided to adopt cerfain expedients Jfor cutting down the weight of the burden which our boys in khaki during a campaign are obugcd to transport. By this means their effectivencss will be augmented, inasmuch as the trocps will be rendered more mo- bilc—d mest important point where mili- tary operations are concerned. To bestn, ihe eanteen, which to-day is of tinned fron, is to be made of alumium. The latter metal weighs only about one- fourth as much as iron. But it was nec- essary that the water vessel should be molded in one piece, without scam or Joining, and this problem for.a while pre- sented difficulties which bade fair to prove insurmountable. Nevertheless it has at lenzth been solved, and an order has been Issued for 3000 aluminum can- teens as a starter. With a proper kind of stopper one of these receptacies, it is said. ought 'to. hold water for a thousand «years without the evaporation of a ‘drop. * One advantage of such a canteen is that it cannot possibly leak: A second is that it s rust proof. clean. “When the receptacle of tinfied iron has begun to lose its coating of tin it is not easily kept clean. The same re- mark appiles, of course, to other articles Of the same material which go to make up the soldier's “mess Kit.” It is a trouble that has been remedied customarily by redipping the' utenzils in question so as ‘to glve them a fresh coat. _But with alumirum no such expedient is necessary, ang it always has a pleasing polish. “The all important point. however, is iis lightness. Flvd'mfi‘ aluminum cups have just bedn’ordered. as a first batch Aust; 1995; calibre, .81; 5 sho! initial velocity, 2,084 yards; barrel com= pletely covered. NSNS0 !e TO LIGHTEN SOLDIER’S A third is that it Is- ; initlal velocity, model; date, straight pull ~Mannlicher dorf. The following particulars are in- teresting: Welght without bayonet, 9.028 pounds; length, i.1 feet: caliber, 311 or mm,; rifiing, 4 grooves; ri- fling depth. .004 inches three turns, or ene turn. in 9.45 Inches. The rear sight on a system similar to the English sight mentioned is sighted to 2.050 meters. In its bolt action and magazine this rifle strongly resembles the Spanish model of 1893. The side of the receiver is cut down flush with the bettom of the bolt recess, making it level with the ton of the maguzine. On the iusertion of the loading clip into its guides a single downward mo- tion of the thumb pushes the five car- tindges well into the magazine without the old-time necessity of pressing the bolt, the last of the batch, home with the thumb. The belt is eauipped with an extra locking lug in the rear. The bullet is cupro-nickel steel, 226 ins welght. velocity 2145 feet a sec- 109 yards through 31.5 inches The bayonet is fitted with a hol- handle, through which the clean- vod passes when attached to the ri- and then to the stock omly. not to arrel. Th a new feature and ems a good one. The Germans are now experimenting with an automatic rife al Spandau. Th new’” and renresentative the most recent of modern ideas on s 1 arm con- siruction. In this class we also have the Mannlicher-Schonauer model of 1900, late- ly adepted by Portugal. The magazine, holdirg five cartridges, like the Maus- er, complete within the stock, but when loaded the shel's do not Le in the zigzag 2 ord at pine. low the foregoing rifles can safely be called of fashion clsewnere described, but are fed up to loading pesition by a ratchet wheel simitar to ihe Savage sporting magazine ot this cpuntry. firprovement matter of aratively Whether the tnvention is over e Mauser re- further test, as the new and untried. foliows: Weight, eath of barrel, 2 from 157 to 2157 yard: muzzie velocity, 2100 feet per second (es- timated), frve shots, and dated 1900, The picture of the Span' Mauser may be accepted as a good revresentation of the various models still i use by the countries adopting it. It is the arm used by the Boers in performing their won- drous feats of sharpsheoting, and by Spain in her war with Cuba. More than 1000 tifles were capturcd by the Ameri- cans at Uago and a majority of them ‘rifle is com Y Py aeve of this pattern. They have be dispoged of by the Ordnance Department ince 1593 and thousands of dollars turned into the United States Treasury from the sale of these guns England, however, apparently had no use fcr them, for she ordered all the guns captured from the Boers to be broken up “In pleces not exceeding eight incheés in length. The reason given for this is that in the past. notably in her Afrt cam paign, the English soldier was forced to Aght natives armed with Spnider rifles that - were sold in London for a few shil hnes each. At the beginning of the Boer war the native soldier was equipped with the Mar- tini-Henry, a discarded English arm. The varfous Mannlicher rifles are principally of the type in which the cartridge clip forms an essential part of the magazite, making the gun - peating and- not adapt- ed for singie fire. In later models this feature has been abolished. The latest Mannlicher is of .31 caliber and dated 1904 It has the Lee type of magazine otherwise res bles the Mauser of 1833 It has not yet been adopted by any government. The recent war between Russia and Japan caused profound interest in the qyuestion of small arms—especially those used uy fhe two armies. The “30th Meiji" (30th year mo ) or, as it is commonly known, the Arisaka rifie of Japan. is es- sentially a duplicate of the Spanish Mau- ser. but of a smailer caliber—25 of an inch. Designed in 1897 by Colonel Arisaka it carries five cartridges and cannot be useq as a single loader. It has the war ing mechanism of the Mauser to teil t soldier that his magazine is empty durifig rapid fire. In Switzeriand experts are experiment- ing with a new rifle, the invention of M Fleury. At present the troops are armed with the Schmidt rifle, first brought out in 188, It is of .29-caliber and carries six cartridges n the magazine, of the Lee system. Changes in small arms are constantly going on. Even after a rifle has been of- ficially adopted by a country, actual serv- ice may bring about « anging conditions For exumole, the new Springfield has been held up .or three years to enable the ord- nance department to turn out what they consider the best arm that can be pro- duced. This is the alm of our Govern- ment, and it is expected that when the army is equipped with the new _rifle Ameriean shooting will again astoaish the world. o) 2 PACH @} R R R N R S R G DS RE IGO0 000GING o000 for our troops, to take the place of the tinned iron omes now in use. They will ‘have iron handies. however, because that metal does not retuin its heat so long as aluminum. To the fatter this has been an important objection, inasmuch as the soldier does nmot want to burn his fingers at meals. ‘There Is still a question whether the cup when filled with coffee wiil not be, tco hot to drink out of, but hope 'is entertained that such will not Pprove to be the case. ‘The soldier’s knife is to have an alumi- num handle, but his fork and spoon are to be made, as at prescat, of steel, be- cauge of the sunerior strength of that metal. - As for the a'l !mportant ‘“‘meat small frying pan in which the man in khakl ¢ooks his bacon—it Is also to be of aluminum. The cover of the meat can scrves as a plate, and its han- dle turns down over the cover, gripping the edge of the can and making it tight as a receptacle for ready cooked provis- lons. It is obvious that for such a uten- sil aluminum, ' which is not affected by acids, possesses exceptional advantages. In studying out the problem of lessening the soldier’s load the War Department has ccllected many data in regard to the equipments of the fighting men of for- cign armics. As might be expected. there are many and marked differences in such matters, so far as details are concerned, 1hough essentials are much alike.. Thus, for ¢xample, in every army the soldler carries a cantéen, but in England the in- dizpensable watcr bottle is of glass, in Jdtaly it is of wood, and in Spain it is of goatckin. In our army, again, there is lttle individual cooking, but in Europe cach soldier commonly prepafes his own m(l—l!.‘ocart'yhk on that account a much bulkier and more c'aborate culinary out- B 203 > fhe great problem Is to increase the kililng nower of the fighting man, and this depends chiefly upen his ability to stoot and to march. Every ounce sub- tracted from ‘other items of his burden makes it possible for him additional ounce c¢f ammunition or eise increases propcrtionately the distance he can eover in a day, During our Civil War each soldicr carried forty rounds of am- munition, but, thanks to the development of the rifle, the soldier of to-day carrles 100 cartridges ir his belt. In other words, the reduction in the size of the bullet angd. in the quantity of powder to throw it givés him more than twice the killing power that he had a gencration ago. Our soldiers, like those of most of the armies of Europe, are provided with stockings. In France, however, the men in the field are obliged to furnish the own stockings, If they chovse to wear any, and the sante is true of the lta. and Russians, who are supplied pleces “of linen to cover their feet Germans have stockings. but carry foot linen to supplement them. Tollet necessarvies. . inciuding brush. comb and piece of soap. are provided In European armies, but not in our own, the American soldier being expected to buy them for himself. Yne French soldier has a towel in peace, but not in war. while the German bhas no towel at any time, unless. he furnishes it at his own cost. Other European nations supply their men with towels at all times, taking it for grunted that' theyx will wash themselves at least occasionally. and considering that in large assemblages of men the elemen- tary rules of hygiene ought to be most carefully observed. In conclusion, it may be mentioned that our troops in tropical countries are to be provided with belos, twenty for each com- pany. These are knives two or three feet in length. with strong bandies. which can be wielded eftectively as weapons, while useful for other purpeses in the J It has also been urged recently by eral Leonard Wood that a few repeati; shotguns of magazind pattern would be moast valuable for outpest duty. especially in the Philippines — a recommendation which in all probability will be adopted. to carry an