The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 31, 1904, Page 32

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, JULY 381, 1904 3 P Carncgie as @ Householder. Spectal Correepondence. [EADQUARTERS OF THE CALL, | HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARD! LONDON, July 16.—Al- though Andrew Carnegie’s qualities as a boss of laboring men have not in- ably been extolied by the latter, it is a fact that among domestic ser- ts in this country he is recognized = one of the best and most generous plovers in Great Britain. ‘He do=s re much in the management ousehold at Skibo Castle; he | 1t to Mrs. Carnegle, but the | know that the rules they are made by him. peculiar feature of the household ment is that a standard rate s is applied to the services of | an and woman employed or instance, a cook’s salary s so much for the first year, so much more during the though the special in- vy be a veritable cordon Moreover, Mr. Carnegie wiil hing to do with servants’ reg- »ffices. When a servant is Yant- inserts an advertisement in one fashionable London dailies in- stion for a person holding i and stating ages he is prepared 1o advertisement does not dis- name or the address of the e and it is usually worded as Wanted, for a small family ng quietly in a castle in the North of Scotland,” etc. The ations are sifted by Mrs. Carneg nd two or three are invited » meet her maid at a Lcadon hotel, 1 a final selection is made by the | in question, who invites ihe or housemaid, as the case may to accompany her to Skibo. In e of men servants the seiection to Mr. Carnegie’s secretary or tler if the secretary is too busily | engaged otherwise. All servants are engaged on a week's trial only. This is somewhat different to the ystem prevailing in England, but the lLord of Skibo believes that he can tell in a week whether a servant is to suit or mot. It is very sel- dom that he has to have recours: to the necessity of packing a servant off L the end of the first week's service. © encourage thrift in a gool ser- t he promises him or her a bo.us at the end of every twelve months, but he insists that the amount must be invested in some substanticl se- curity., Married men working in or about”the castle are presented after two years’ service with an insurance guaranteeing their next of kin e sum of no less than $500. They are also insured against accidents. Persons enjoving Mr. or Mrs. Car- negie’s hospitality are exhorted not to offer gratuities to any of their ser- vants. v Queer Crankisms. It transpired recently, during the hearing of a case before one of the metropolitan stipendiary magistrates, that there is a gentleman lving 4n London to-day, a respectable and rep- utable citizen, who has a mania for carrying on crusades against the po- lice. He is quite convinced in his own mind, apparently, that the average constable is a2 brutal and cowardly ruffian, and he is prepared to back up his opinion by deeds and words. Does any one complain of being as- saulted by a “gentleman in blue,” the injured party has only to make his case known to this modern Don Qui- xote to insure his receiving both sym- pathy and assistance. He has even published a pamphlet bearing on the subject and has con- ducted cases against the police entire- Iy on his own Initiative and at consid- erable expense and worry to himself. It is not =0 very many years ago since there died at Muswell Hill an aged clérgyman, whose mission in fife was to harry the tram and omnibus companies. He was incessantly at loggerheads with them, regarding them as his sworn foes and treating them as such. Now it was that they covered the windows of their vehicles with adver- tisements, thereby obstructing his view. Then that they had no legal right to demand to see his ticket. An- other time he would summon them for exceeding the legal maximum of speed. He spent thousands of pounds in iitigation with them and had even quite a crop of lawsuits pending when death cut short a public career which was contention personified. Yet he was said to have been a most kindly and inoffensive man in private life. There is 2 gentle little old lady who is well known to most London stipen- diaries and whose fixed idea it is that the wast majority of cat owners are monsters of cruelty. Scarcely a week passes by but she spplies for a summons against some jnnocent householder, whom she im- agines che has detected torturing one or more of her feline friends. Of course, none is granted. Time was when sympathetic magistrates were wont to send officials of the court to make inquiries as to the truth of hier allegations. But that time has Jong gone by. The weual course is now to tell her that (u’quel‘allh'ln-lsm Country Life in upon she trots away, pleased and com- i forted. Of course, some of the crusades car- ried on by enthusiasts of this nature result in the rectification of what are real abuses. For instance, we were ail of us at one time, although we did not know it, Leing robbed ' by th¢ water companies. | But there appeared upon the scene a | man named Dobbs, who commenced a | crusade against them by tender paymeat for his water on the rated value of his house and declining to pay, as was then usual, on the gross value. He was promptly summoned, but, ' nething dauuted., he carried the case! frem court to court right up to the House of Lords—and won. | The resuit of this spirited action is that we all of us pay about one-third less for our water than we otherwise should have had to do, and the com-| panies are so many milllons of pounds | the poorer. | Or take again the case.of the indi- vidual who, alone and single-handed, | carried on a crusade against the dan- gerous practice of throwing orange peel on the pavements. He was but a poor man and without influence or friends.: But he stuck to his point for over twenty years. | During that time he wrote thousands of letters to the newspapers, printed and distributed largely at his own ex-| pense many tens of thousands of circu- lars and in the end succeeded in so edu- ‘(‘allng public opinion in the matter that | it is quite a rare think nowadays to see a respectable adult casting orang2 peel about recklessly, as was the almost universal custom a.couple of decades ago. £ ! No matter how crowded may be a certain morning train into the city from a certain northern suburban sta- tion, there is-invariably one carriage that contains no more than its proper complement of passengers. Indeed, the rafiway company has delegated an of- ficial to travel in the carriage in ques- tion for the express purpose of keeping out intruders. And this it does, not in the interest< of its own directors, but at the bidding of just an ordinary sea- son ticket holder who has had the pluck to stand up for his rights. The gentleman in question is well known in the city, and his one gmbition is to force the railway companies into testing in a court of law the burning question of /ercrowding. But the companies decline to be drawn. Not even when their adversary changes his usual train so as to elude the vigilance of the official whose duty it is to see that he, at all évents, among thelr millions of passengers travels in comfort, and then refuses to show his ticket as a protest, will they take ac- tion. Perhaps they mentally recall the case of Mr. Dobbs and his disputed water rate. % How many people are aware that, for over a quarter of a century, an' amiable faddist has been going about | the country with a hammer, driving down projecting tenter-hooks which | have been affixed to ‘ences and palings in such a fashion as to be dangerous to children and others. Not many, it is to be presumed. Yet such is the fact. | Years ago, it is said, cne of his own little ones was badly lacerated about | the face by one of these sharp-pointed hooks. It had been fixed, with 2 num- ber of others, to the top of a low fence | by a neighboring land owner, +the ob- ject being, of course, to keep out tres- passers, The father sued for compensation, but failed to get it, the Judge before whom the case was tried holding that a landlord was legally justified in pro- tecting his property after this fashion. “But,” added the Judge, “the prac- tice is a dangerous one¢, and morally in- defensible, and I think any person would be justified removing such dangerous hooks from the tops of low | palings adjoining ptblic thoroughfares, | or in hammering them down flat, so as to render them innocuous.” It was this judicial dictum which started him on his strunge crusade, and he has kept it up ever since. He never, it should be mentioned, in- | terferes with large iron spikes that can be easily seen and avoided, but jonly with the small, dangerous tenter- | hook. And even these latter are safe | from the attention of his hammer Il‘, placed on high palings, where children | are not likely to climb, or well within private property. But, perhaps, the queerest of all | modern crusading fads is that indulged | in by a dainty Kensington dame, who | dally at eventide during the hot sum- mer weather sallies forth into Lon- | don’s outer ring to plead for the flowers in suburban front gardens. * Slowly she walks down a road of modern villas, looking keenly to right | and left as she goes. And wherever she espies a plant parched and droop- ing for lack of water she marches bold- Iy up to the front door ar - calls the attention of the inmates of the house to its needs. e “Pray excuse me,” is her invariable formula, “but your flowers are badly in need of water. An unintentional over- sight, without doubt; or, perhaps it is due to the negligence of a servani)’ Then she bows and departs, without waiting for a reply.—Pearson’s Weekly, London. The New Way. A gene- ~tion ago the “king of but- ter and cheese was a home industry. These familiar occupations have lately developed into special manufacturing industries conducted in establishments known as creameries and cheese facto- ries; and the effect of this development has been to change the character of dairy farming, as well as of dairy man- ufacture. They have also raised the quality of the manufactured product, and have produced such a uniformity of grade and continuity of supply as to establish the products as important commodities in the general market and Of all the butter, cheese and con- dersed milk factories there are in New They most important market establishment enterprise in the agriculture of . the Empire State.— :}OHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor . . . . ... ... Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager —_— THE -SAN FRAETCISCOi CALL <er.e-...Third and Market Streets, S. F. FREEDOM OF THE SEAS. SUNDAY: ... 10 REAT progress has been made in advancing the G common principles of justice between nations and in facilitating the intercourse of the peoples of the world. By the extension of extradition treaties there is left hardly any refuge for a criminal. For offenses against society and violations of law, a man may now be pursued and delivered to the jurisdiction where he may be punishcu,' no matter in what nation he may seek to hide. x This is a great advance over conditions a hundred ycars ago, when men guilty of crime in one country could escape punishment by crossing its border into another. Now all governments are practically combined in the en- forcement of the criminal statutes of each, and there is no hiding place in the world for a criminal whence he may not be dragged to face justice and suffer punish- ment. This is the substantial union of human society to prevent crime by making its punishment sure. The United States hias taken the lead in establishing this sys- tem of extradition. It is not easy now to go back and re-create the condi- tions that were once upon communication between coun- tries by letter. There were no international postal trea- ties, and a letter from one country getting into the postal jurisdiction of another carried with it no obligation of delivery and none to respect its seal and privacy. Now the postal treaties, promoted by the United States, enable mail to be carried to the remotest corner of the earth as safely as from one township to another in the same county. A ‘registry stamp on a letter brings back a re- ceipt from any part of Europe, Asia or Africa. Money is sent everywhere by international postal orders, and in its transmission and delivery is absolutely safe. The age is distinguished by the high point reached by the nations in these two respects, in which crime is repressed and in- tercourse safeguarded by mutual understanding, fortified by treaties. The arbitration treaties arc the outgrowth of the suc- cessful experiments in extending the criminal jurisdic- tion of each nation over all nations, and the universal safety and convenience of communication, which give mankind a common postofiice. The system of arbitra- tion which Great Britain is so satisfactorily extending puts permanent treaties in the place of the témporary protocols under which individual cases have been sub- mitted to arbitralecourts. Within a short time all of the great nations will be joined in these permanent trea- ties and the risk /of war will be greatly lessened. But that risk cannot be entirely eliminated. There are issues that cannot be arbitrated, and these Y¢ill arise and there will be war, for ages will pass before the lion and the lamb will be safe in the samé pasture and before the bear acquires the ox’s appetite for straw. But the sacrifices of war, when it comes, ¢dn be greatly lessened by improving the opportunity of peace to make international agreements that will insure the safety of all mails and merchandise on the high seas. It is an un- civilized thing that the property of the merchant and ship owner, the promoters of the world’s peace, who are not responsible for any of the causes that lead to war, but who push forward the prosperity of the people &f all nations, raise life to a higher standard and increase its comforts, is the first to suffer in war. The losses in- flicted are irreparatle, and they are caused by permitting to nations the piracy that is forbidden to individuals. The nations should agree that only the flag of an enemy can be struck on the high seas, and that the deck of a neutral is part of its soil and equ:ly inviolable. Let belligerents employ their navies in‘ effectual blockades and make prizes of neutral ships only when they attempt to run the blockade and when within the waters of the blockaded country. That will not be as exciting or profitable duty as playing pirate on the high seas and sinking merchant ships, as Russia has done dur- ing the present war, but it will be work more becoming and decent. The time is ripe for the agitation of this subject. Great Britain and Germany have been hit a foul blow by Russian piracy, under the mask of belligerent rights, and the United States is threatened in the same way. If the three should unite in an agreement that on the high scas free ships make free goods, and a neutral flag protects everything over which it flies, the other powers would have to come into the fold, because the ! United Stat¢s, Great Britain and Germany are strong enough to treat as a pirate nation any that would attempt to violate a neutral flag on the high seas. San Francisco is one of the great seaports of the world. It must look out over the Pacific for its growth and prosperity and commerce. It can well afford to take the initiative in asking that the nations shall agree upon the freedom of the high seas. ' Every seaport in the world will join us and every merchant in the world will add his influence. It is a great subject and now is the time to agitate it. The assassination of Von Plehwe, Migister of the Interior of Russia, is perhaps more significant in its bearing upon the destiny of the Czar’s dominions than any of the splendid victories which the Japanese have recorded against the fighting men of the north. This crime, which civilization must deplore, points the moral nevertheless that nations no less than individuals must proceed in any cause free from evil or corruption. Russia has much to repair in her own territory and among her own people before beginning aggression be- yond her borders. . THE PARK ATHLETIC ARENA. S letic Association of this city asked the Park Com- missioners to proceed with the work of providing an athletic field in Golden Gate Park, and the Commis- sioners refused, this paper upheld them ‘in their action. ‘While we realized fully what a splendid public feature the proposed athletic field would be, and that there was a strong temptation to the Commissioners to tontract for the work because of the large amount of money already subscribed, the only wise and safe course was the one they pursued. The Amateur Driving and Athletic Association has worked hard to make up the deficit in the $50,000 re- quired, and has brought the total amount subscribed to OME time ago. when the Amateur Driving and Ath- within $8854 of that figure. It has been slow work, how- | ever, and fow, in accordance with a letter from the Park Commissioners calling upon public spirited citizens to 2id the enterprise and authorizing the _driving association to act in the matter, that body has issued a circular in- viting subscriptions. S The Park Commissioners have subscribed $25,000 upon condition that the OQP“ $25,000 shall be made up by the public. Of that amount $16,166 has been obtained from about three hundred citizens, leaving, as stated, a balance needed of $8834. ‘The improvement as planned will be the finest athletic field in the world. It is to have a nest of tracks for light harness horses, cyclists and foot racers, with an in- ner oval for the use of all amateur sports. The outer or speed track will fie half a mile in circumference. In- stead of marring the view by unsightly grand stands the spectators wiil view the events from an inclined green- sward extending around the oval. A perfect view will thus be afforded to the features in the different tracks. | Participants in the various games will reach their respec- tive tracks by tunnels, and will have everything required ' for their comfort and convenience. ! In such, a splendid public improvement as this, where all classes of athletes will reap a benefit, it is not fair to permit the whole burden of raising the necessary funds to be upon one organization. The Commissioners have been Hberal in setting aside half of the required cost, and the comparatively small amount now needed should be immediately obtained by those interested in sports and athletics and the public generaliy. The Park Athletic Arena would then be a reality. It would be a permanent | and beautiful improvement to add to the fame of our al- | ready world-famous pleasure ground. Thomas Taggart has been chosen chairman of the Democratic National Committee and has accepted the invidious honor. It is strange with what complacency some of our distinguished fellow citizens accept duties and obligations that would appall even the most con- scientious. Mr. Taggart is entitled to the deepest con- sideration as a martyr to a mistaken purpose. GOLDEN RULE JONES. WO men in the Middle West achieved the unusual T in the office of Mayor. One of these was Mr. Pin- i gree of Detroit. He had many ideas closely bord- | ering on Socialism. His first distinction was reached during the last panic, when he promoted the devotion of vacant lots in the city to the raising of potatoes and other vegetables.by the indigent. The experiment was a greater success in the press than in practice, but it was new, and its novelty gained fame for Mr. Pingree, who was twice elected Governor of Michigan on the strength of it. s He was personally an honest man, but officially became | the dupe of designing politicians, and many corruptions occurred which were expiated in the penitentiary. Gov- ernor Pingree was so credulous and confiding that he attempted executive interference with the courts to pre- vent the punishment of the men who had abused his con- fidence and despoiled the State. The net conclusion upon his public career was that he was admirably adapted for public responsibility in a community composed en- tirely of men like himself, but in our composite and com- plex society he was a failure. “The other candidate for fame was Golden Rule Jones, Mayor of Toledo, Ohio. He proposed to make the | golden rule the guide of all conduct, which it should be, and, to the credit of mankind, is-mostly recogmized | as the guide of conduct, followed sometimes at a dis- tance. It is not only among Christians. Confucius stated it in one form and Buddha in another, but in both to exactly the same meaning and purpose as in our | Scriptures. Mr. Jones had ambitions in politics and was a quite pronounced Socialist. He ran for Governor in Ohio on his own nomination and polled a very large vote, but was beaten. He was a rich man, made so by an invention which occurred to him for the improvement of oil pumps while | working as a laborer in the oil fields at Titusville, Pa. | e often expressed the opinion that no man could hon- | estly acquire a million dollars, though he never doubted | that his own large fortune was the measure and maxi- mum of what a man could acquire without violating | the golden rule. That was-very human. When the | French Revolution began an aristocrat was the owner of | landed estates. Before it was over an aristocrat was a man who wore trousers. So doubtless there are men 2 | few rounds lower on the ladder of fortune who believe | that no man could win Jones’ fortune honestly and by | observance of the golden rule. He was the author of a great many epigrams, and de- lighted in their coinage. He took a strangely distorted iew of things, which found expression in epigram. He | said: “Police courts are charnel houses for the destruc- | tion of human souls. Yoy cannot coerce people. into | righteousness.” This ignored the duty of the courts to protect society against such as prey upon it. Extend- | ing the same idea, he said: “As long as the capital crime of capital punishment exists, there will be murder,” a very shallow generalization, in which the death penalty for murder is put forward as the only cause of a crime that has its motive in a wide range of passions. If he | meant that there should be no criminal statute defining as murder the killing of a human being, the depth of his observation is not increased, because the conscience of man is a statute of murder recognizing it as a crime, a malum in se, even in the absence of a human law mak- ing it a crime. Capital punishment is the highest form of punishment, whether it be imprisonment for {ife or the death penaity. Mr. Jones did not seem to be aware of this and doubtless meant to “mpeach the death pen- | alty as the cause of murder instead of capital pupish- | ment, which may mean the death penalty or not. i His singular blindness to the business operations of a people appeared in his saying: “Borrowers of money are life’s real derelicts.” The enterprise of a country is kept going by energetic men who hitch their judgment to borrowed capital. According to Mr. Jones a man who borrows money is a social derelict, that is~to say. a menace and a danger to society. No logic can justify such a conclusion. One of the strongest inducements to men. to keep their credit good is‘its use as capital in their enterprises. If it be a social offense to borrow money the world must be content to a stopping of the wheels of enterprise. - The ability to lend money through such trustees as the savings banks is one of the leading inducements to thrift among the wage workers, who own the hundreds of millions of money on deposit with such trustees. “The men of enterprise who pay the wages of labor borrow this capital which belongs to the very people ihey hire and invest it in enterprises which use more labor and pay more wages, enabling the earners to put more money in the savings banks to be borrowed for investments that furnish more employment for more labor and pay more wages. Personally Mr. Jones was a sociable and kindly man who tried to live up to his conception of the golden rule, but the faith, hope and charity in his philosophy were distorted in refraction by an untrained mind. F. August Heinze is deferdant in a series of mini_ng suits in which the damages demanded of him aggregate twenty-two million dollars. Mr. Heinze has reason to congratulate himself, however, on the fact that any man | who can be sued for such an enormous sum certainly | has made his mark in the world even if he fails, i quented by the bohemians of the town | and the day. | record of the passing night. {an hour was as a second and a cen-| ! Finding the sunrise ever in thy child, ; constructed. and tRere are in India at- | TALK O T THE TOWN His Sad Regrets. J. B. Southard, old-day miner in the Western El Dorado, lawyer at the State bar, preacher for a season, Judge on the bench, but now gone over “Lethe’s wharf” into the sea that sweeps away to an unknown shore, once found time hanging on his hands. He accidentally met one afternoon a | long-lost friend and ex-partner from the mines of an upper county. The Judge had not seen Bill since they had shoveled dirt into a flume together bnckl in the dim '50's. and hugged each other in Oriental fer- vency. Then the hours flew with a | whiz. Not in the ordinary rush, but so rapidly that the minutes and seconds | fell off the body of time and were lost on the way. First at the Occidental | bar, where the Judge ‘was at home; thence to Frank Garcla's, and after- ward to the Pacific Club—now out of | date. Then to the other resorts fre- Without halting they went over the route again, hurrying, hurrying on through the night. No ac- count has been kept of the libations that were poured out in that bacchana- lian feast. Bill had frequently turned himself loose and made the golden| dust fly after the clean-up, but this was faster than the best time of a min- ing town carouse. Along toward morning Bill began to break, and finally lost his feet. The Judge carried him on around the stretch till his condition called impe- riously for a downy bed and the re- storer—sleep. When the hack had rolled off for the | hotel with Bill the deserted and lonely man stood looking sadly down the street. The sun was flushing the sky | over the green Alameda hills and the| young day was finding its way through the city streets. But time had left no To him | tury as a day. “What shall I do,” he soliloquized; | “what the thunder shall I do the rest of the night?"” ‘A Mother Song. As my own mother used to comfort me— Kissing the tears away— Holding me close—aye, all too close for sobs, I hold thee, little dear one, close to-| day! Calming my older pain, by stilling thine— As mothers only know— My heart-break lost in thine, as hers in mine— Long 2go, little dear one, long ago. As thou in turn, a woman grown and wise— Shall kiss, as I kiss now, Even thou, little dear one, even thou!| fartha Gilbert Dickinson, in the Aug- ust Scribner’s. Traffic on the Lakes. The people of this country have thus far scarcely realized the Importance and magnitude of the traffic on the chain of lakes. Cnly a short time ago Detroit stood second as a port of entry in the United . ates. and by tuis time she may possibly stan’ first, as ~e handles over 17 per cent of the exports of the entire series of northern border and lake ports. It has long been a proud boast of the City of the Straits | that more than twice as much tonnage passes through the Detroit River dur- ing the season of lake navigation as through the Suez canal during the en- tire vear. This is literally true. The figures for 1902, for instance, as given | by the Blue Book of American Ship- ping, are 48,000,000 tons for the Detroit River, as against 11,248,413 tons for the international waterway. The summaries of the tonnage pass- ing the Government locks at Sault Ste. Marie afford the best indication of the enormous growth of lake commerce, as the greatest development of the grain and iron ore trades has been through ports at the head of Lake Superior. These reports show that the freight movement in 1902 had reached the enormous, total of 35,961,146 net tons, against 11,214,333 tons in 1892, only ten vears previous, and against only 1,5 741 tons in 1881, the first year in which the number of tons of freight was re- corded. Similar gains are shown in the registered tonnage of vessels, which amofinted to 31,955,582 tons in 1902, as compared with 10,647,203 tons in 1 In 1903 the totals were: Iron ore, ,654,898 tons; coal, 6,957,635 toms, and grain, 93,480,198 bushels.—Hugo Erich- sgen in The Q“ rld To-Day fr- August. Tiger Shooting in India. In the hot weather there is in most parts tiger shooting, but it must be in | the torrid season, when the pools and | tanks are dried up, the jungles bare, | the soil so burning that the tiger lies | hidden, afraid for his soft feet, and | nigh to the only water. For this royal sport trained elephants would be neces- sary and they are expensive animals to keep. That is a sort of warfare again; the mahouts spiking their brutes along, with the beaters on either flank and the tom-toms and fireworks in front; and presently through the yellow grass, striped just like himself with bars of gold light and dark shadow, slinks the murderer ¢f the forest, whose time has come to pay for the cows and women | and children he has killed. This is the royal way. I never knew a rajah who had our | patience to sit on the fork of a tree or in a machan and wait all night over the carcass of a buffalo or a goat for a chance tiger. They like to have the | big game driven past a stand specially tached to the palafes many shikargahs, or hunting grounds, where this ar- rangement can be carried out as from a screen in grouse driving. In old times, and in some parts even to-day, They dropped all else | gladiatorial shows were often as lux- urious and brutal as those of anclent Rome, since no expense was spared by selfish and viclous princes In collecting and training ferocious creatures and arranging the savage contests between those pitted, in pairs, or matched against human combatants. All these sports, very often shameful and worse than shameful, are chiefly matters of the past. A healthier spirit has come into fashion, partly from the example |of British- gymnastics and partly through the better intelligence and education of the native chiefs.—The Windsor Magazine. The Dole of the Alps. The death roll in the Alps is increas- ing this year with terrible rapidity, and promises to exceed that of any other year of which reliable records have been kept. There have been already this | year no fewer than 160 deaths, either from avalanches or climbing accidents, in the Swiss and French Alps. Among the most recent victims {s M. Dubois, who in making an ascent of great dif- ficulty and danger without a guide, ac- companied only by a friend, slipped and fell and succumbed to shocking inju- ries before he could be carried down to the hospital. Mr. Rooke’s death at Zer- matt appears also to have been due to an attempted ascent of a difficult passage without a guide. At Saentis a German musical director fell and was Instantly killed a few days ago in the Bodmer Alps. Two soldiers belonging to an Alpine regiment were swept away and killed a week ago near Epierre. The accident on the Dolder- horn, due like so many others to the absence of a guide, resulted in the death of one of the three climbers and such injuries to another that he will probably never be able to walk again. Another guideless asceat on the Wetter- horn ended in the fall and instant death of one of a party of Swiss tourists. ‘While on Mont Pilatus an Englishman exploring in thin summer shoes siipped and fell, landing almost unhurt on the very brink of a 200-foot sheer. drop. Miss Nicholas, a Scottish lady, a few days ago fell into a deep crevasse on | the Mer de Glace at Chamonix, though her fall was fortunately arrested and she escaped with a few mingr injuries. —Pall Mall Gazette. Music at the Park. The following programme will be rendered by the band at Golden Gate Park this afternoon: “Star Spangled Banner”’. ““When Coons Hi Their Own™ (@) Characteris! tic plece, (b) Revert : he Roses’ Honeymoon' . Bratton Answers to Queries. INDIGO—§., City. The indigo yleld« ing principle resides in the leaves of & herbaceous plant that grows from three to five feet in height. The leaves are most gorged with this principle when the flower buds are about to open and it is at that time that the leaves are secured. MOTION—A. B. L., Santa Cruz, Cal This department has not the space to enter into a scientific explanation ef the difference between artificlal motion and the earth’s motion. Briefly it is that the earth’s motion is an original one, while artificial motion is produced by a series of means. LOSING A DAY — A. B. L, Santa Cruz, Cal. In saifling westward a ship loses a day in crossing the 1830th de- gree of longitude (that is the 130th de- gree from Greenwich, near London). In sailing eastward one day is added when that degree is reached. For example, if a vessel reaches that degree on Wed- nesday, while sailing eastward, that day and the following day is set down as Wednesday. But when a ship comes to the same meridian on Wednesday while sailing westward, Wednesday is dropped and it is called Thursday. Thus if two vessels meet at that meridian sailing in opposite directions one ship's crew has two Wednesdays in the week wkile the other has none. PAWNBROKER'S SIGN—-G. E. J. City. The three golden balls used as a pawnbroke;‘s sign appeared ng- land in very early times. It was used by the Lombard merchants, who emi- grated to London from Italy. These established the first pawnbroker es- tablishments and it is generally held that they acopted the three golden balls to be borne on the arms of the Lombard corporation, from the armer- a pastime of a questionable kind was derived by their highnesses out of the jauwar-khana attached to many of their palaces. This was the wild beast place, fitted up with dens and cages for various jungle animals, and hav- ing in the middle an arena strongly walled, wherein combats could be car- ried on between them, sometimes with men. In former days these domestic fal bearings of the Medici family. which was conspieucus among the Lombard merchant prineces of Italy. By an act of 1284 a messuage in Lon- don was confirmed to th engaged in pawnbroking where Lombard street now is. The business of pawnbroking was first reccgnized by law by the act first James' I, C 21, in 1603, Townsend's Californin Glace fruits in artistic fire-etched havse 715 Market st.* pe2Bectal tnformation supplied eailz e eSS uses and ¢! Press Clipning Bumu"?m.n’-‘;.‘zif cd: Mornia street, Telephone Main 1043, ¢