The Nonpartisan Leader Newspaper, April 1, 1918, Page 15

, TSR d Milk Record S Origin of Those Best Known in the United States Shows Generations : of Special Care in Developing Modern Prodigies breeds of dairy ~-cattle have attain- ed considerable prominence in the United States — Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein - Friesian and Jersey, each .of which has certain distinct charac- .teristics not found in the other breeds, ;but no one breed excels in all pomts \Each breed is considered superior to the others in certain particulars, and is discussed in Farmers’ Bulletin 893 of the United States department of agriculture, a publication which will be found valuable to ‘dairy -cattle breeders. : In selecting a breed, a dairyman ishould take local conditions and - market requirements into considera- tion in connection with the character- istics of the wvarious breeds. He should give weight to the fact that a breed is already established in his community. The predominance of a certain breed in a section offers many ‘gdvantages For instance, a market s established, surplus stock may be ‘disposed of to better advantage, co-- operative advertising may be used, and bulls may be bought co- operatlve— ly or exchanged readily among breed- ‘ers. Personal preference for a certain breed should not be allowed to cause :the selection of a breed unsuited to local conditions. .« The Ayrshire breed originated in the county of Ayr, in southwestern Scotland, and has only been sufficient- ly developed to be. established as a type within the last hundred years. This breed is not well known in many sections of the United States—New England, New York and Pennsylvania probably containing the largest num- ber of its representatives. There is a small distribution in the middle Atlan- tic states and the Pacific Northwest. The color of this breed varies from a medium red to a very dark mahog- any brown and white. The cattle have long horns which turn outward, then forward and upward. Ayrshires are characterized by quick, brisk actions. They have a highly nervous disposi- tion and a pronounced ability as “rustlers”—the obtaining” of a liveli- hood on scant pastures. Cows of this breed average 1,000 pounds in weight and bulls average about 1,600. Ayrshire milk “has comparatively little color and has small fat globules, ‘because of which the milk stands shipping well without chummg The percentage of butterfat is medium.’ BROWN .SWISS BREED AND GUERNSEYS The Brown Swiss breed, which does not haye a widespread dlstnhutlon in the United Sta.tes, originated in the canton of Schwyz, in Switzerland, and is found principally in New York and Wisconsin. The cattle vary in color from a light gray. mouse color or brownish dun to dark brown. They are mild and docile and are excellent grazers, especially on rough land. - Cows aver- age about 1,250 pounds in weight and bulls from 1,500 to 2,500 pounds. This breed ranks well in milk pro- duction, with a moderate percentage of fat. = { : The Guernsey breed developed on the Channel ‘islands of Guernsey and . Alderney, although probably the par- “ent stock came from Normandy, - France, Thxa breed has maintained a steady growth in numbers and pop- : n}lnnty»(m the country, and its larggst'” numbers are found in the eastern and middle western states. The characteristic colors of Guern- seys are some shade of fawn and white. Cows average about 1,050 pounds and bulls about 1,600 pounds in weight. Guernsey milk is noted for its extremely yellow color and high percentage of butterfat. - HOLSTEINS AND JERSEYS AS MILKERS The Holstein-Friesian, known as-the Holstein breed, origi- nated in the northern part of Holland, where it has been bred for centuries. Holsteins have grown greatly in num- bers and popularity in recent years in this country and are most numerous in the United States in the middle At- commonly - For Ayrshires the average of the 2,698 cows that have completed year- ly records for advanced registry is 9,665 pounds of milk, testing 3.95 per cent of butterfat, amounting to 377.51 pounds of fat.~ The 10 highest milk producers of this breed range from 25,329 to 18,745 pounds of milk and the average of these 10 highest pro- ducers is 21,5638.8 pounds of milk. The 10 highest butterfat producers among Ayrshires range from 955.56 to 744.73 pounds, with an average, for these 10, of 855.4 pounds of butterfat. In the Brown Swiss breed the aver- age of 199 cows that have completed yearly records for the register of pro- duction is 10,868.7 pounds of milk, testing 3.995 per cent, amounting to 433.45 pounds of butterfat. The 10 DAIRY BREEDS AND MILK RECORDS Tilly Alcartra, the Holstein shown above, recently dropped her sixth calf. She came through this sixth lactation period with a new mark for seven days, 40.56 pounds of butter out of 729.1 pounds of milk, which shows the pace she is mak- ing in the yearly test she is on. lantic, middle western and Pacific sec- tions. Holstein cattle are of black and white color. They are docile and even tempered, not good “rustlers,” and do best when plenty of feed is available. Holstein cows .average about 1,250 pounds and bulls 1,800 pounds in weight. The average of milk produc- tion is high, but the percentage. of butterfat is comparatively low. Jersey cattle, the most numerous breed in the United States, originated in the island of Jersey. Jerseys and- Guernseys probably had the same foundation stock; but have been devel- oped toward differént ideals so that the breeds now differ in a number of particulars. - Jerseys vary consxderably in ‘color. Shades of fawn, squirrel gray, mouse color, and very dark brown are com- mon. Jerseys have a highly organ- ized nervous system and are usually somewhat excitable, responding quick- ly to good freatment and good feed. Cows average 900 pounds and bulls 1,500 pounds in weight. The Jersey cow. gives rich, yellow colored milk ' and is an excellent butterfat producer. The milk records of these cattle are the significant points in the story of their development. They show clear- ly the result of the developing of the original tendencies in the -earliest speclmens. Here are some interest- ‘ing records that farmers -would find valuable to keep on file: .- PAGB FIFTEEN highest milk producers of the breed range from 19,460.6 to 16,496.7 pounds of milk, with an average, for these 10, of 17,3722 pounds. The 10 highest butterfat producers of the- Brown Swiss range from 798.16 to 647.30 pounds, with an average, for these 10, of 683:72 pounds of butterfat. 3 “In the Guernsey breed the average of 6,200 cows that have completed a year’s record for advanced registry is 8,934.44 pounds of milk, testing 4.99 per cent, amounting to 446.01 pounds of butterfat. The 10 highest pro- ducers of this breed range from 24,008 to 17,297.51 pounds of milk, with an average, for these 10, of 19,337.9 pounds of milk. The 10 highest Guernsey butterfat producers range from 1,098.18 to 910.67 pounds, an average, for these 10, of 976.75 pounds of butterfat. Among Holsteins, 3,220 cows that had completed a yearly record for ad- vanced - registry averaged 14,622.7 pounds of milk, testing 3.424 per cent butterfat, amounting to 500.7 pounds of fat. The 10 highest producers of this breed averaged from 31,246.9 to 728,826.4 pounds of milk, an average, for these 10, of 29,898.34 pounds of milk. The 10 highest Holstein butter- : _fat producers averaged from 1,205.09, to 1,017.28 pounds, an average, for these 10, of . 1090 89 pounds of but- terfat. .. In the Jersey breed, the average of 5,244 cows that had completed yearly ‘records for the register of ment ‘was 7,792 pounds of milk, testing 5.35 per cent, making 417 pounds of buttérfat. | The 10 highest milk producers ranged : from 19,694.8 to 16,633.2 pounds, an ' average, for these 10, of 17,703.4 pounds of milk. The 10 highest:but- terfat producers range from 999.1 to 875.2 pounds, an average, for these 10, of 943.1 pounds of butterfat. A THOUGHT FOR MILL OWNERS Workingmen’s families in cotton- mill villages in North and South Caro- lina made an average of $26.93 on back-yard vegetable gardens in 1915. The gardens averaged one-fourth of an acre in size. The cost was $3.54, | and the vegetables produced were worth $29.87 on an average. These figures are for 1915, and would be} higher at the present time. i Mill families had an average net re-: turn of slightly more than $1 per fowl ! per year from back-yard poultry flocks. Mill families had an averagea net return of $39.41 per year from a ! cow worth $46. The average yearly : feed cost was $80.49, and the average : yearly yield of milk, buttermilk, ete., | - was $119.90. Some families with very small gar— ; den patches made from those gardens more than they paid for rent. £ These results of a little encourage- || ment on the part of mill owners, while in’ no way remarkable agriculturally, are presented as suggestive of what the industrial establishment can do! for its employes by locating where‘ the cost of living may be kept down' by the home production of food.—! Survey, United States Department of l Agriculture. L CREAMERY HELPS FARMERS | The creamery at Grove City, Pa., operated under the management of :, the dairy division, Bureau of Animal Industry, United States department ofI agriculture, is cited in the bureau’s| annual report as an excellent example | of ' the influence that a well-managed | creamery has upon 2 locality. Wheni it was opened, in 1915, it had only 54 patrons the first month but at the 1 close of the last fiscal year it had 579 patrons, from whom 378,000 poundsy of butterfat were purchased during | the year at a price well above that; generally prevailing. In addition to} the manufacture of 425,084 pounds of butter, the products mcluded 139,685 pounds of cottage cheese, 1,604, 025‘ pounds of condensed sklm mllk andd 5,441 pounds of casein. a SR e e i FISH MEAL A DAIRY FEED Fish meal, a by-product of the fishi: cannery, when used in a ration forn milk production proved to be worthw from 20 to 25 per cent more than cot-i¢ tonseed meal and had- no ill eft'ectle upon the flavor of milk, says the an-g nual report of the Bureau of Animalié Industry, United States department ofs agriculture. Potato silage was found to be as palatable as corn silage and,; of equal feeding value; peanut mealy from unhulled nuts was inferior toj cottonseed meal, and 128 pounds of} potato meal equaled 100 of corn mealy as a feed for dairy cows, according toly experiments conducted by the bureau.ig SAVE CONDEMNED MILK 9 Several cities have adopted the planjj recommended by the Bureau of Animalj; Industry, United States deépartment ofjy agriculture, to denature tather thany destroy milk condemncd as unfit ‘forfy human consumption.. The denaturedj milk is now fed to livestock as’a partj of the national carpaign for the pré-i vention of waste.