The New York Herald Newspaper, October 6, 1875, Page 14

14 CENSTS OF NEW YORK. Population of the State 4,916,604. AGAINST 10,000 IN 1664. nsus Records of the Times of the Dutch and English. FIRST COLONIAL CENSUS. Population During the War of the Revolution. IN The Cities and Their Unfair Share in State Legislation. CENSUS OF 1875 DETAIL. From the first agricultural settlement of New Neth- erlands by the Dutch, in 1623, until after its conquest by the English, im 1664, but few memoranda are pre- served that show tho population and growth of the colony. In 1628 Manhattan Island had 270 souls. 1643, from 400 to 500 men; Albany, in 1649 inhabitants. In 1645 the Manhattan settlement contained scarcely one hundred men besides traders, aud at the beginning of Governor Stuyvesant’sadministration, in 1647, there ‘were estimated to de about 250 or at most 300 men able to bear arms. In 1656 New Amsterdam contained 120 Douges and 1,000 souls, and in 1658 the whole colony numbered over 6,000. When surrendered to the Eng- lish, in 1664, the province was estimated to contain fully 10,000 and the city 1,500 inhabitants, COLONIAL ENUMERATIONS, At the request of the London Board of Trade Gover- nor Dongan required the sheriffs of the variotis counties to take a census carly in 1687. Only fragments of their reports are in existence, The Albany county return will serve as a specimen, Albany county on the 27th | of March, 1687, reported 1,058 males and 928 females; 107 male and 50 female negroes; 8 companies of foot, 309; 1 troop of horse, 54; 8 merchants; 202 male and 120 female christenings, and 199 burials during the seven years preceding. ‘The frst census of which the complete records exist | ‘was taken in 1698. We give the figur Countivs. all told; in about 100 ‘Men. | Women| Children| vegroes) | 248 808, 1,019 1,465 Richmond. 828) Suffolk 973 555 Westchester] 816 146| 1,063 Totala....| 5,066) 2,170! 18,067 s taken five years afterward (1703) was r in details, It footed up as follows:— Males, 16 to 60...... 4,487 Male negro children, 467 Females .... 14161 Female negro chil- Male children . 4,710 dren... 382 Female children. . 4,924 All above 60. 125 Male negroes. 07 Female negroes. 702 Total population . .20, _ The next official census was taken at the request of the Lords of Trade in 1712 It is quite imperfect, and for acurious reason. Just after the previous census there happened au unusual amount of sickness and mortality. This the people ascribed to the angor of the Lord, and referred to the command about number- tng the people. (See IJ, Samuel, chapter 24.) Fear of another era of disease was so great that many heads of families refused to give information. It was not until two years afterward that returns from three counties were received. The total population of the colony was 22,608, . Other enumerations were made in 1723, 1731, 1737, 1746, 1749, 1766 and 1771. We give the last to show how we stood just before the Revolution:— Counties, Albany Dutchess. 5, 764) 2 5, 876) 549] 8,749 4,247 69,484 23,628) 36,115 19,863/163,337 THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. During the Revolutionary period the Continental Congress, in 1775, directed an enumeration with refer- ence to mi itary strength. The results are lost. except for a portion of Long Island, The enumeration showed males under sixteen, from sixteen to fifty and over fifty. A partial census was taken in 178%, but fragments only exist. A complete census in 1786,taken by authority of the Continental Congress, shows how we stood three years after the conclusion of peace; Montgo New York Orange. Queen: . Richmond... Totals...» 164,807 A novel feature in this census was the return of tour “Indians taxed’’ in New York county and eight in Ul- ster county. Two new counties appe: patriotically pamed Montgomery and Washington. One point no- ticeable in the figures we must call attention to. Most people in reading = Revolutionary history naturally feeling of prejudice against the city of New York use of its easy conquest by the British. They de- mand too much, Under the general {dea that the city ‘Was then to the colony what it is now to the State, the wouder why there was not more resistance. Let suck basty concladers note that in 1771 this county bad less than haif the population of Albany and only about thirteen per cent of the whole colony or province; that out of 86,116 men of (sixteen to Sixty) for war it had but 6,088; that it hea an ue Proportion of slaves, and, all these considered, there ‘he rot, Her population by the federal enumera tions has been :-— - ° Per cent Pop. Gain. ~ of Union 248,033 19 369,908 13.25 062 Wa 497 14.91 610,313 14.23 473 18.35 783,341 1234 962,024 1253 LAVERY IN THE CENSUS, Negro slavery here almost with the original white settlement. It was considered a matter of course with the Holland and English colonists, and after the Revoluuon was sanctioned and continued by a special legislative enactment, ‘The earliest step toward eman- cipation was dictated by military considerations, when the Colonial Congress enacted that slaves who enlisted in the army, with the consent of their owners, should be free, In 1798 an act was passed providing for the gradual emancipation of slaves, and on the last day of March, 1817, it was enacted that slaves born after the 4th of July, 1799, should be- come frec—if males at twenty eight, aud if females at twenty-f' years of age. But those born before that period were to remain slaves for life. Had this law remained unchanged we might have paraded a fair regiment of venerable slaves at the Philadelphia Centennial; but public opinion was too strong for it, and just before William Lioyd Garrison started his Liberator, and some years before the abolitionists began to’ show strength, the Revised Statutes made an end of slavery in New York by enacting (in 1828) that all persons within the jurisdiction of the State were thenceforth free except in cases where legally in re- straint for crime. The following table shows the number of slav several periods, with their ratio of the total population ; free colored, at several enumerations, and their t also Per Centof ‘Total “Per centof Population, Colored, Population, 81 = at 25,978 1.64 80,717 5.32 40,350 4.19 38,094 3.68 2 10046 40,068 a07 "No slaves. 44,945, 230 So lee - 50,027 2.08 ap eee _ 49,069 1.58 LN ioe — 45,276 131 or he - 49,005 1.26 oo jes 44,708 Lit a i= 52,081 1.08 These figures show that the proportion of colored residents has regularly and rapidly aeclined from the colonial era. They show, moreover, the mtstake of those timid white people who apprehended that the Southern rebellion and emancipation wauld send vast armies ol ignorant blacks to overrun our State in com- mon with the entire North, There has been but a single instance of serious trouble with negroes in this State, and that was 184 years ago in this city. It was called a negro plot to rob and burn, but no evidence of a “plot” was produced on the trials, Yet the public were so excited that nothing could calm them until fourteen negroes were burned at the stake, eighteen banged and seventy-one transported. One. white man, a Catholic priest, was hanged, That was the first and last great trouble with negroes, and it was simply an outrageous persecation, the result of a toulish scare. 2 ELKCTORAL CENS"AES. The constitution of ‘That ‘‘as soon afler¢even years after the termination of the present war as may be practicable,” and at* intervals of seven years subse- quently, an enumeration of electors under their several classes Should be made, as the basis for the adjustment of representation in the Senate and Assembly, Under this requirement enumerations were made in 1790, 1795, 1801, 1807, 1814 and 1821. In the jatter year'a revision of the constitution was made, by which the electoral franchise was given to all white males twenty-one years old and upward, and to colored males who held property to the amount of $250. The ouly officers elected by the people under the first constitution were:—Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Senators, Assemblymen, Supervisors, Town Clerks, As- sessors, Uonstables and’ Coliectors—with Congressmen and Presidential electors, of course. ‘There were three classes of voters:—1. ‘Those owning freeholds valued at $250 or more; 2, Thoseowning freeiolds worth from $50 to $200; 3 Those not freeholders but renting tenements of the annual value of $5, There were alsoa few hundred who were voters by virtue of having been made freemen in the cities of New York and Albany; they could vote for Assembiymen, but not for Governor or Senators. Still another class ‘became voters just as the old constitution expired—men who neither owned nor rented property, but who had paid taxes to the Siate, or been enrolled and served in the militia, worked on the roads or commuted therefor or done service m any other way which, by law, exempted Ircm taxation. ‘The Governor, Lieutenant Governor and Senators were chosen by freeholders who were actual residents and possessed freeholds of the value of $250 over and above ail debts charged thereon. Male inhatitants who had resided in any one county for six mouths preceding the election could vote for member of Assembly provided they owned within that county a freehold of $50 or paid | ayearly rent of $5 aud were rated and paid taxes. It iw singular that no discrimination was made against biacks or mulattoes, except that they must produce authentic evidence that they were free. We give the results of the several electoral enumer- ations in the following tabi suoynnday fo jury 42h | zl There were some shrewd tricks played under the old property qualitication, In this city, on one occasion, the democratic leaders furnished money to buy several houses in the Filth ward, and made out deeds in cums of a non-voter, and making him a voter by a title to the required amount of real estate, They were voters and real estate owners “for this occasion only,” as the play bills say. The abolition of the property qualification increased the ratio of voters about twenty-four per cent—say one- quarter. The ratios under the several State censuses have been :— WITH PROPERTY QUALIPICA- WITHOUT PROPERTY QUALI- TION. FICATION, ‘Per cent Per cent Z # Voters. Pop. | 3 296, 134 14.31 F 422, 19.77 2 539, 20.71 6 + 652,822 19.18 : 14.76 1868...., 823,484 21,51 REPRESENTATIVE POPULATION. Some of the papers are forecasting the next appor- tionment upon an erroneous basis. The Brooklyn Eagle soys uat Assembly men are determined by dividing the whole population by 12’—the number of members. ‘That is not correct. We must deduct from the entire population ail aliens and persons under imprisonment for crime; Indians, too, we believe, This is a serious matter in the large cities, where aliens mostly reside, | and must be taken into calculation by those zealous democrats who hoped to get half the Assembly from New York, Brookiyn, Albany and Buffalo, To show how this Works take the following figures;— Total “Representative Per Year, Population. Population, Deduction, —_Cent. » 1,614,458 1,680, 648 83,810 6.19 4, 2,042,599 131,918 6.16 2,899, 048 204,047 787 2'797,510 668, 702 434,120 10. ‘The diminution of non-representatives from 13.52 per cent in 1855 to 10.77 in 1865, a decreasing ratio of over 20 per cent, is accounted for by the fact that a great many aliens became naturalized in consequence of serv- ing im the Union army. How this deduction of aliens aflects the cities may be seen in a comparison of a tew counties taken from the census of 1856:— Per ct. Per ct. Counties, Aliens. Pop. _ Cowntie, Aliens. Pop. New York... 232,678 36.93 Schoharie 74 2.67 Kings. . 65, ‘ 704 2.86 Erie. 687 3.62 Monroe. 1,640 8.20 Albany 979 3.63 Rensselu 1,100 8.68 ‘There were 682,746 aliens in th nearly half of them were in the cities of New York and Brooklyn. Probably the figures now will be rather more favorable to tho large cities, owing to naturaliza- tion through the war and the decline of immigration. ‘The number of representative people to each Senator and Assemblyman in the last four upportionments have een — Ri State in 1865, and presentative An opulation. To a Senator. Assemblyman. «1,530,643 7, 86 Al, Year. 1836 042,599 68,824 15,967 1846 0, 543, 74,992 18,748 1855 797,510 87,420 21,855 1865, g 106, 062 26,513 What will be the figures for 1876? We have gained aL ay be a loss barsh judgment rendered, Al. eu fla * population of New York county ir; it bad considerably more than treble in 1786. New York county went into the war with thir- teen per cent of the populatio i Game -cut with about ton per cen, | On Perens te Condensing the results of t find following facts ae bia ie FP) gE] & | nod] sobl of £ 3 | Pacl 288 vo | Fel ob | EEe AR Vkog Leelee Ae \: 9? 14 18, ral nat i 5 12.0 201665, 40,564 is 50) $14, 16.3 60,487, 14.8 61, 589) M4. 78,448 4, 96, 790) 63, hanged as follows from 1790 to 1820, inclestves—- ‘At the most since 1865 about 900,000, since 1870 about 660,000, The ratio of non-representative population is probably a little higher than in 1865—say eleven per cent. That would leave representative population of about 4,203,000. On this basis it would require 131,44 for a Senator and 22,836 for an Assemblyman. Assum- ing the non-representative population of New York city to be as low as twenty-five per cent, we shall find in the metropolis about 795,000 to count for representatives, This would give the city six Senators and twenty-four Assemblymen—figures mach below the supposed gain ‘and very much below the anticipations of the democrats, Other contingencies are by—such as the fact that each county (putting Fulton and Hamilton as one) shall always have one Assemblyman, To give » view of the manner in which counties have gained and lost in Assemblymen we present the entire six former apportionments in a tabular form ;— APPORTIONMENTS, 1822 TO 1866. Counties, 1822, 1826, 1836, 1846, 1850, 1866. é 8 & 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 a 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 8 8 2 2 oe 2 3 2 a 2 - - 1 i 1 1 8 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 } 1 1 1 3 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 } 1 1 i 4 2 2 2 8 3 a 2 EO RAG hee i 1 1 i 1 i hors = - 1 a 1 of $260 for the amount, putting in each deed the name | Counties, Genesee Greene Herkimer. ‘1822, 1826. 1836, 1846, 1956, 1866. 1 4 2 Otsego. .. Putnam , © tomer Beem mone Richmon Rockland St. Lawrence: Saratoga. Schenectady. Schoharie . Schuyler. Steuben. Salf Sullivan, Tioga Tompkins . Ulster. Warren Washingt Wayne .. Westchester Wyoming Yates Members....... 128 «(128128 Some of the changes, the reader will note, are due to the division of old counties to make new ones. These changes, since 1821. have been:—Chemung taken from Tioga in 1836; Fulton, from Montgomery in 1838; Or- leans, from Genesee in 1824; Schuyler, trom Chemung, Steuben and Tompkins in 1854; Wayne from Qutario and Seneca, and Yates from Ontario, both in 1823. ‘The rapid absorption of power by cities will be no- ticed. New York, from 10 members in 1822, to now; Kings, from 1to9, and Erie, from 1 to 5, tell the story for New York, Brooklyn and Buffalo, In the next apportionment only Kings and New York will gain members, Among counties that will lose we shall probably find Cattaraugus, Columbia, Delaware, Madison, Oneida, Ontario, Oswego, Utsego, Sty Law: Tence, Ulster, Washington, Wayne and possibly’ some others, ol capitis bunkuncdutniesskeaoamsnnue cAnehdiea own cui eoe mabe usaebuiebed pl Gapusnhdedil MusentsrinntopaasoPiggauoount A sc.g gobo tncehiioscr ange a m6 05 wh goss co sgsip penetpebndine tl nappsobhoenmnée chad BS) 11.6) pdaushuenl wiee-tadenl sanewBeibeisbau | ineindtontsaeawe 8 ‘THE STATE CENSUSES TO 1875, Beginning with 1825 the several State enumerations have regularly occurred at intervals of ten years. No complaint was made about the accaracy or tairness of these countings until 1855. Ithappened just then that Native Americanism and Know Nothingism was active in the State, and held in some degree control of the Leg- islature of 1854, though we believe that Legisiature did not perfect a census law, ie in THE NEW CeNsvUs—I1675. We have taken much pains to get from official and other sources the county totals of the census taken in June and July of this year, The results, so.far as mere aggregates of population go, are given in the table fol- lowing. Four or five cotinties only are estimated, and in those cases by well informed residents of the locali- ties, We give the corresponding population in 1865, the increase and the ratio of increase by percentage. {¥igures marked with a star (*) show decrease. ]:— NEW YORK POPULATION—1875, Popu- | Popu- | Gain | Per Counties, lation | lation | 10 | Cent 1865, | 1875. | Fears. | Gain, Albany. 115,504] 154,739] 41,235] 35, Alleghany 2627] 6. 28 . 12 Chautauqua. 10. Chemung. a Chenango . reese Dutchess. Erie, Essex. Franklin i Fulton and Hamilton| Genesee a Greene Herkimer, Jefferson. SRESSSSESSBELERSSSEAS Rope nh em * King a2. Lew 6 Livingston. re Madison. *0, 29, y 72.07 4.32 11.75 23.22 Ontario. 10.91 | Orange. 19.71 Orleans. . 9.22 Oswego. A 8.05 Ousego. 318 Putnam 7.80 Queen: 46.83 Rensse 19.61 Richmond . 27.86 Rockland. 5.777) 27.78 | St. Lawrence, 9,493] 4.29 | Saratoga... 6,295} 10.61 Schenectady . 4,007) 19.19 | Schobarie, #549) #163 | Schuyler... 589} 3.20 Seneca, 249 12.49 21.29 *0.06 10.07 5.07 12.38 10.19 5.02 47,498 4.95 101,197 09 30,033) #211 - 19,388 Liq 4,916,604|1,084,827 28.31 Totals. }, 831, 777) Figures marked with a star (*) show decrease, ‘The reader will bardly fail to observe that the onl counties showing any great increase are those in ‘which the larger cities are located. The figures very forcibly prove thatthe population of eities, and consequently their political power, 1 advancing at a rapid , while the rural districts remain almost stationary. The following table will more clearly illustrate these points :— CITIES RY STATR CENSUS, Per Cent Increase, Increase. 623,492 «72.07 186,574 63.05 ,028 42.99 Albany...-.-- 21540 94.40 Rochester..... 50,940 31,060 60.97 Troy. 946 23.96 Syracuse, 18,024 = 66.71 y 1,003, 38.01 Poughkeepsie. 16,073 4028 = 24.97 Oswego....... 19,288 2992 15.61 Auburn, 12,567 7,049 56.09 Elmira........ 13,130 62.95 Binghamton. 10,092 53 45 Schenectady. 23.46 12.29 2,284,263, O14 2,632,361 8.92 COUNTIES WITHOUT THEIR crT! To show hor htly the rural portions of counties, in which there were cities in 1565, have increased we make the following table, in which the cities named in the above table are deducted. (A star shows decrease) :— Counties. Pop'n 1866. 10,203) 87,074 Columbia, ‘Totals. «| 699,784 These email increases are, of course, m the neigh- Derbood of the citi and are really city gains, For instance, the whole of Eastern New Jersey is thickly settled, and why? Because of its proximity to New York city, of which it is in all ways, except im politi- cal geography, an absolute portion. The same state of gains and losses is shown as well in the federal as in the State census. We give a com- parative table for 1860 and 1870 from the United States enumerations:— NEW YORK CITIES HY PRDERAL CENSUS, Cities. Lissa New York.. 117,714 69, 422| 62,386) 46, 465) 43,051 28, 804 1,961,913} 1,706, 283] Roral districts. 12,618,822) 2,676,626 Whole Stato, ..|3,660, 735] 4,982, 760 TRE STATE IN THR FEDERAL CRNSURES. To give the reader means of comparison with federal Totals.....+.. NEW YORK HEKALD, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1875—QUADRUFLE SHEKT. enumerations we present the aggregate, uy) 0 and the returns by counties for 1860 ‘ad 1890. NS great fault has been found with any of these enumera- tions. The last one was nearer a complete census than any before made in this country; certainly much superior in accuracy to any State census yei taken, The figures for 1860 Were taken just beiore the war, and represent the State at the height of its development. FEDERAL ENUMERATIONS, Per Cent Year. lation, Gain. Gain, 248,931 13.19 908 62.81 413,763 43.14 7 39.75 510,313 26.59 668,473 27.52 783,341 25.26 500,2 12.04 From 1880 to 1840 was the period @f western emigra- tion, when thousands of families left Northern and Western New York for Michigan and Wiscousin. The reduced increase from 1860 to 1870 shows more forcibly in figures than in words the devastation of the war, In conclusion we give the enumeration by counties in 1860 and 1870, with gains and losses and per cent of the changes in each county ;—[Stars (*) denote losses or re- duetions, | THE FEDERAL CENSUS OF RW YORK BY COUNTIES, Per Gain] Cont Counties. 1soo, | 1870. | or | Gain ) 113,917) 41,881 Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson , Kings Lewis Livingston , Montgomery. New York Tioga.. Tompkins. Ulster. Warren Washington. Wayne. Westch Wyoming... Yates... Totals... ...+ «+++|3,880, 735 |4,082, 759 DANGERS TO GIRL CANVASSERS, [From the Milwaukee Commercial Times.] For some time past a story has been circulating through the social circles of Milwaukee in relation to two young lady book canvassers, whose distressed con- dition and want of friends has been the subject of much comment. The facts of the case as unearthed by a Com- mercial Times reporter are as follows:—About @ monyh ‘ago a well dressed gentlemen, accompanied by two young ladies, applied for board and rooms at No. 392 Jefferson street, The gentleman gave his name as G, H. Glazier, and said that he was book agent from Chichgo, duly authorized to make a thorotigh canvass of Milwaukee for the sale of a book written by his brother, entitled “Battles of the Union.” He said the young ladies had been engaged in the East ata liberal salary to present the book to the public, and that together they had come to Milwaukee for that purpose, To all appearances the story bore evidence of truth, and the young ladies at the time verified this state- ment. Both of the girls were young and handsome and dressed in the latest fashionable style. They gave their names as Miss Stillwell and Miss Cuyle, and seemed reticent about conversing in regard to their personal history. Both were well educated and capable of lively conversation on the stirring topics of the day. It was evident to all with whom they came in contact that the — ladies had received more than ordinary culture, and that the hidden secret of their appearance in Milwaukee was yet unrevéaled. Vivacious and full of life, they soon became favorites at their boarding house and were the objects of general attention. At the book stores and on the street their modest and un- pretending manner, their graceful figures and rosy cheeks produced a sensation, and the remark was made as they passed to their daily labor, ‘There are the PRETTY BOOK CANVASSERS.” ‘They worked industriously and well for a time, and met with fair sues in the sale of the book. Owing to the dull season and hard times this favor- able state of affairs did not continue to exist and the book sales ran short. Day after day the two girls can- vassed the city without success, trying to gain an horf- orable living. They visited every Ward in the city and returned home at night with heavy hearts and tired feet, The business men treated them with respect, but vaiiast A refused to purchase ‘The Battles of the Union.” They jetermined not to give up, and labored hard to faithfully fullfil their arduous duties. They quietly sub- mitted to rebuffs on every side, and paid no attention to the insults they frequently received. Strangers and without friends they worked with despair, and returned to the boarding house at night to receive insults from a hard employer. It was a custom of this Chicago book agent to call on the yoeng ladies every night for a state- ment of the work they had accomplished during the day, and on finding that they met with poor success he commenced a system of personal abuse, He knew that they were at his mercy, and spared no pans to inform them of the fact. Besides up- Draiding them for laziness, he heaped upon them epithets unbecoming a man of honor, and on several occasions made improper proposals, The young ladies submitted to the abuse without com- plaint, and for some time did not make known the cir- cumstances of their distressed condition. They had left a good home at Elmira, N. Y., without the per- mission of their parents, never stopping to estimate the difficulties which are to be met with inthe path- way of uncertain fortune. In ignorance of their whereabouts the sorrowing parents bad given them up as lost, and had been unable to discover the run- aways, THE GIRLS’ STORY LEAKED OUT at length and came to the ears of several prominent Milwaukee ladies, who took immediate measures to relieve the girls from the persecutions of this book agent, They were found in debt for several weeks’ board qnd without means to procure a subsistence. They repeated the story of their wrongs and told how Glazier had promised to be responsible for their board and how he had deluded them with glowing accounts of the success they could make, Jt was this gen- tleman’s habit to entice girls from their homes on false statements and without justification, Devoid of pro- tection, friends or money, unsuspecting youth and beauty’ was lett at the mercy of a wolf in sheep's clothing, powerless against the insults offered and un- able to return to their relations or home, The young ladies in question found a faithful friend in the per- son of the Rev. C. N. Stowers, residing on Biddle street, The story as reported came to the ears of the gentleman, and through his instrumentality several parties became interested in the girls’ welfare, and suc- ceeded in hi Min, Uae Provided with board at the Young Woman’s Home on Van Buren street. Legal ad- vice Was sought, and after consulting with ex-Senator Carpenter it was concluded to let the affair drop, and use efforts to keep ‘the circumstances of the case from coming before the public, It 1s the duty of & public Journal to expose fraud, and by letting the light into dark places enable others to guard against Imposition, Meanwhile, the hero of this discloeure is plying bis vocation as a Chicago book agent in this city, and de- sires to obtain the services of intelligent young ladies to accompany him to San Francisco, and advertises to this effect, SMOKELESS PITTSBURG. [Correspondence of the Cincinnati Enquirer.) Pittaburg is as free from smoke to-day as is Cincin- nati or Louisville, and business is decidedly sick, The iron interest of the town is desperately depressed, and when this is the case in this city all other interests share in the dulness, The causes that havo brought about this state of affairs, or to speak more properly, one cause, the efforts of the contractionists, have made the trouble, Last winter the iron manufacturing em- ployers, finding the value of their Roma daily deprecia- mot approached, dem: juction of their ate sployera Tor the ai ination of the pent hem (the em imine eo Value of thett 4 fo aemen 4 was met by a refusal on Cola gt Any mm dled the fa- to ten millions of dollars to Pi portion a of her trade to other cities, "fcanwhile the dull times continue and the iron business languishes VTUERREZ AND LEFEVRE. The Report of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Loans, AN INSTRUCTIVE BL’ E BOOK. How British Bondholders Lost Ten Million Pounds. THE HONDURAS LOANS. {From the London Times, Sept, 23.) The Blue Book of the Committee on Foreign Loans, With reports, verbatim notes of the evidence, appendices» and diagrams illustrating the great Ship Railway across the narrower part of the South American Continent, may bow be bought at Hansard’s, Great Queen street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, for 88. 6d., although its production has cost British bondholders not much less than £10,000,000. More millions yet already practically lost in loaus not made the subject of inquiry might have been saved if this book could have appeared in 1865 in” stead of in 1875, ‘The revelations of the committee not only teach general principles, but refer very pointedly to particu- lar persons, They express a strong opinion about Don Carlos Gutierrez, Minister of Honduras in this country, in their report, which we printed on the dist of July, and in the volumes now before us they devote space in their elaborate index and analysis of index to the following headings :—'‘Obstacles raised by Don Carlos Gutierrez as to attendance before the committee and, as to the supply of documentary evidence; ‘Antecedents and personal character of Don Carlos Gutierrez,” and, lastly, ‘Conclusions of the Committee in strong dis- approval of the conduct of the Hohduras Minister.” Under the first head the committee say :— No docnment or information of any kind in relation to the Honduras loans (except whut i contained in the historical rhished by Don Carlos Gutierres until, on the of the inquiry, proo! was given that he had certain important documents in his possesson which he then caused to be forwarded to your committees. WAS GUTIRRREZ A CLERK? Don Carlos’ reply is contained in the following paper handed in by My. Lowe, and numbered 17 in the appen. dix, page 128, of Blue Book:— : 88 Beproup Steuer, Covent Ganpex, «April 12, 1875, Sefior Don Carlos Gutiorres wishes his fulicitor, M n- cis Hughes, to explain that the statement made to the com- mittee of his hay ng been w cleric may have arisen from bis having been offered a partnership in a commercial house, and to deny emphatically the statement made by Mr, Gossip with regard to the £4,000 worth of jewels said to have been presented to Gutierre: HUGHES & SON, Captain Pim, in his evidence, said: All my communications with Don Carlos Gutierren and the gentlemen who have been connected with these lonns have been, it is true, entirely upon transit: matters; but {havo always found them as straightforward and honorable as any men I ever met. . ‘The other references in the index are to the Honduras pamphlet itself, and conclude with the quotation from it of a diMcult metaphor, according to which the Minister of Honduras was as inter-oceanic as her rail- way was intended to be, ind revived as often:— He has frequently been the vietim sacrificed on one side for tho interests of the railway and of his country, and on the other for the complaints of the bondholders and the difficulties in Europe. When the preliminary inquiry into the Stock Ex- change practice was left for the history of particular loans, the committee began with the HONDURAS RAILWAY, and half the evidence taken related to that notorious speculation. That the committee was far from probing to their depth the transactions which, though they transferred very little money indeed to the treasury of Honduras, enjoy the name of the Honduras loans, was proved when at nearly the last sitting a witness came and gave entirely new information on a part of the his- tory later than that revealed by the evidence of Mr. Davids. It dey also be interred from the fact that Sefior Don Carlos Gutierrez, Mr. Henry L. Bischolf- sheim and Mr, Charles Joachim Lefevre remain unex- ined. The one maintained the immunities of his diplomatic character, which Colonel Mendes, for i stance, and Mr. Herran waived; tho other’ was ex- cused at his request, and the third (who is out of the jurisdiction) made conditions which the commit- tee would not accept, This absence is partly the loss of the public and partly, perhaps, that of the gentlemen who did not appear, for things which they might possi- bly haye explained’ will, to a certain extent, be taken against them, We have ourselves, indeed, published contradictions of statements made before the commit- tee, in the form of letters from Mr. Gatierrez, Mr. Frank A. Mori and Mr. Lefevre, and we do not wish to detract from the value of the contradictions mate in that way. The gentlemen, however, who adopt this mode of defence must remember that it ts possible the public will attach greater weight to depositions on oath Bi witnesses who have undergone the test of exam- mation. account) w fourteenth day MR. LEFEVRE. The central figure in the Honduras transactions is undoubtedly Mr. Lefévre. The public have learned Mr. Letevre’s history backward, The committee refer to a notice of Mr. Lefévre on the books of the Paris police as condemned by default, in 1856, to two years’ impria- oninent for breach of trust. Mr. Lefévre next appears, in 1864, as partner of Haye, a Swiss, in a small office in Lombard street, with “Railway Financial Agency” en- graved on bis doorpiate, with one clerk, and carrying ‘on in his capacity of railway financial agent a specula- tion in ice under the title of the “United lcehouses”” (Glacivres Réunies). Four years Jater Mr. Lefevre begins buying and sell- ing scrip by hundreds of thousands, contracting with great houses like Biscbofsheim and Goldschmidt and with a Minister of State, running racehorses, purchas- ing Gérome’s pictures and bringing them down to his new premises in Lombard street, “to be exhibited in his olfice for tho edification of the public.” All this ‘wealth was acquired by adherence to the simplest trade maxim—he bought in the cheapest market and sold in the dearest, That iw to say, he bought bonds of the representatives of’ the Honduras government and he sold them to the British public, The bonds did not rise in price to Mr. Lefevre as time went on, like the Sibyline books, bu, ‘on the contrary, grew cheaper to him by degrees till the £100 bonds of the 1867 loan reached the limit of £68 12s. in the latter period of 1869. On the other hand, in the stock market, soon after his contracts with the trustees of Honduras were concluded, they rose rapidly till they touched the price of 94 of 95 in 1868, Ink erage price was £80. The pre- cipitous fall did not occur tll the middle of 1872; but then it was go striking that a country clergyman, who had invested in the bonds, thought there had been an earthquake ‘which had swallowed the whole of the precious place up.”’ The means by which this extraordinary rise was *6 cured were detailed in part by Mr. Richard Evans, who owned to having been paid himself by Mr. Lefovre at a rate which would make his profits out of the 1870 loan amount to at least £10,000, for he said that he was al- lowed one per cent on a gum between £1,000,000 and £2,000,000. Mr. Lefévre’s gains were at a far higher rate, While stock was in the hands of the trustees he received interest on it, and he was at the same time PAID COMMISSION FOR PAYING INTEREST TO M1MSE) First the stock was ‘bought back,’’ then it was doled out to the market at discretion. During the later part of 1868 and in 1869 Mr. Lefévre was sell to dealers the 1867 loan at a wholesale price. A dealer would take £50,000 and stipulate that Mr. Lefévre should not sell any more that month, The dealer would then “make his market’? and retail the bonds to the public, Mr. Lefevre himself paid to the trustees for bonds, of which the market value at the time he took them was i , £622, 048 48., or £84,861 10s. less than the market value, There was, however, @ subsequent con- vention in October, 1869, It appears to have been made at a time when it was feared that all these transactions (which at that time were enriching everybody, bor- rowers, lenders and intermediaries) would come to an end by the non-payment of fhterest. Lefevre, by this convention, agreed to pay £8 per bond above the con- tract price out of his Cg ‘to a certain fund to pro- vide for interest, but the sums thus paid were to be £56,440 must be added to his pro! nfortunately the books put in only £ up to @ certain date, and do not show everything. Mr. Lefévre may thi e made in all £120,000, but th idence about his launching into expense upon the turf and exhibiting eer ins tures at his office in Lombard street referred to the 1870 Joan, He sold to jobbers, through Mr. Evans, at some- thing below the market price—at £78, for instanco— when he was buying at £76 or £68, and the profits of these middlemen were so much subtracted irom bis own, It was, perhaps, not without expenditure on bis own part that the market price was made 80 high, To ‘sdefoat the bears’? might require purchases, and per- haps the way in which tho 1847 loan was chielty profita- ble was in preparing for the great issue in 1870, B attractive drawings at par of stock which was really not paid for—it remained for the most part in the hands of the trustees—by purchases of enormous ‘amounts, in which the seller contracted to deliver bonds which he afterward found could only be procured by ‘buying them of his purchaser, by skilful manipulation of the public mind, the bonds were forced up in price, Mr. Lefévre sold them to the public or to jobbers, and paid for them to the trustees of the Honduras govern- ment, Taking together the proceeds of the no loan of 1870 and of that part of the Paris loan of 1869 whi was sold in London (two-fifths), £2,051,000 came into the hands of the trustees of the Honduras government, of which amount £731,808 was paid back to Mr. Lefevre for interest and commissions, If to this amount be added £50, to maintain the credit of Honduras, and £176,770, the value of ite due from him apd remitted by the ives of the cS: Mr. Lefevre received in all £958,608. The rus and Bi; and Captain Pim (who ‘racaived. goocrdias’ to bia owm evidence returned to bim, and if they Aye Ming a? returned, + £2,000 for a year's work as and £1,500 for th es rat trastee, 41, ‘THE PRESENT DEBT OF THE COUNTRY is not fo large as the nominal amount of the loane, bes cause some of the bonds have been extinguished by amortization. It is reckoned by the committen ta amount roughly to £8,521, 308, of which 1,200,164 ist for interest ip arrear. ‘bat is thought of the chance of payment may be gathered from the faet that the price upon the market now fs about £3 per £100 bond, and 86 the whole debt is ly worth £179,703, or much less than half of one year’s interest, Captain Bedford Pim, however, is of opinion, aecdrding to hi answer to question 2,083, that if the holders “stick to their bonds, they will get their money for them Captain Pim, however, admitted on the ‘saine day thaé there were reasons why his judgment should not be cons elusive. ‘I do not profess to be a financier,” he said, aud he added, “I went into this matter because | had devoted fifteen years of my life to the question of tran« sit through Central America, I saw the enormous §j ortance of it, aud had spent thousands of my mone: nthe interests of my own country.” He had never been to Honduras, however. Another witness, wha does not appear to have been to Honduras either, Mr. Haslewood, a co-trustee of Captain Pim, said:— 1 know there isa single spot in Honduras, in what hi been called # desert, of greater value than the inch. Islands, and if the rail eun be bro to meet that spot, reis three anda half miles in length and d ithas sulphate of eopper.worth £23 @ rries there better than those of Penteli, is something marvellous in ite extent Hi@ advice to the bondholders was to go ont and work this desert, He had not been there himself, bus he had been in worse places, he said. Mr. Cavendish Taylor, however, of the Ninety-fifth regiment, bad actually visited Honduras, and he swore that the coun- try along the line was jungle and desert, ‘the inost God-forsuken country,’”? with no Europeans except @ few along the coast. THE PACIFIC MAIL ANOTHER | DOUBTIN To Tus Epiror ov Tax Henanp: ‘The public will not have been surprised to tearn, by ¢ card published in the Heraup of Sunday, that Mr, George 8. Scott, Vice President of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, haz considered it necessary to offer some explanation of his recently published report con- cerning the affairs of that company. But I desire to say to Mr. Scott, in the kindest possible way, that tho moro explanation he attempts to make of the state- ment of September 27, short of a full, explicit and de- tailed report of the actual condition of this much abused property, will probably only land him deeper and deeper in the mud. In the card referred to, dated October 2, Mr, Scott writes:—‘T desire to gay it was nog the intention of the management to do other than offer ‘& comparison between tho liabilities of the company as thoy appear on the books of the New York office to Decemver 1 and as they existed on the Ist of March of the present year;” and then follows, with a “first,” “second” and ‘‘third,”’ unstated amounts of liabilities “after December 1.’ Now the report of September 27 said: ‘The general financial results of the company's bume ness since March 1, 1875, are as follows :— Total indebtednoss March 1, 1875, exclusive of Panama loan, and including the cur- rent payments accruing to December J, 187, under the contract for three new tron’ steamers... sceaeases$l, 474,701, 38 $505,590 ‘THOMAS. Present indebtedness. 44 Less cash assets... 408,123 57 Total net reduction of liabilities —inclusive of payments on new ste If the foregoing statement was not intended to create the impression and beliet that the total liabilities of the company had been reduced since March 1, $1,467,294, and that, by the net earnings from the company’s busi- ness, it had no meaning. The debt of March 1 is given as ‘including the current payments accruing to December 1, 1875, under contract for three new irom steamers,” Which means the payment in full for them, tor, by the report of the ‘Auditing Committee,” of September 18, 1874, we were told ‘$75,000 cash hag been paid to John Roach & Son, on threo new irom “propellers, now being built, of about 3,700 tons each, to- ‘cost $600,000 a piece, to be finished in'one year and to be paid for in tweuty-four monthly instalments, of $75,000 each.” So, it seems, that by the ‘‘contract’® these “three new iron steamers” should have been completed and all paid for by September, 1876, which is certainly prior to December 1 Again, in the report of September 27 the item of bilis payable is set down at $253,077, While I do not hes: tate to assert that the amount of notes of the company outstanding at that time and to become due before De- cember 1 aloue exceeded $290,000, and for the month of December about $100,000, in addition to which are the final payments made to Mr. Roach for the City of San Francisco (oue of the ‘three steamers,” the int debtedness on which is included in that of March 1), which were made in notes running from December, 18%5, to November, 1876, amounting to ovor $20,000. With considerable labor and trouble { have been enabled. to present the following table ofthe bye liabilities at the present time, which, sowurning that the debt of March 1 bas been correctly stated by Mr. Scott, ex-* hibits an increase of over $800,000, instead of the re- ductions claimed, I cannot pretend that my figures are entirely accurate, as there undoubtedly exist liabili- ties which I have not been able to discover, a8 in the case of ‘money borrowed of Directors,’ Where I ace cept the figures of Mr. Scott they exceed those of m: ‘own by $4,000. I believe the following to be approxi- mately correct as the preseut liabilities—September 27, 1875—of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, ex- clusive of the $500,000 loan from the Panama Railroad :— Bills payable, . ++ $725,000 Panama Railro: f trafic for three month: i 150,000 Call loans. 103,000 Bank accounts AWD ss es eeeee 45,079 Bills for outfit of steamer City of San Francisco 70,000 Other unsettled bills..... 70,000. Premium due for insurance. 65,000 Amount to become due on the two new steam- ers yet uniinished......... City taxes for 1874—in judgment. City taxes for 1875. ... Scans aeec coe ee OO wil added for the outilt of the City of New York and the City of Syd- ey, which will be ready before December ) BAY Making a total debt, exclusive of the Panama Joan oe nese $2,296,665. This, without taking into account the cost of repairg to the City of Peking and on of Tokio, now laid up San Francisco, which must be large if the Alta Caltfornia of the 24th of September can be relied upon in its estimated cost of $150,000 for repairs to the City of Tokio above. The foregoing figures are only in excess of those given by Mr. Scott by the small sum of $1,791,097; but, fora completo understanding of the brilliant “reduction” boasted of, it is necessary to know that since March 1, 1875, the company have realized from sales of its assets as follows $140,000 San Francisco property.. ++ $450,000 Steamers “Ancon” and“ Nebraska”........ 70,000 Total cash received from sales..............-+ $520,000 Add this sum realfzed, to the debt as above, and we havea grand tolal.... 2,816,665 Deduct the debt as stated for March Ist 1,474,708 + And there is @ depreciation of, + $1,341,006 as the basis of that “credit” w! colt tells us “has so steadily aud materially improved.” It is said that Mr. Gould has publicly remarked, “Pay cific Mail has a future.” Undoubtedly it has, but what is it, prosperity or bankruptey ¥ This is the very problem in which not only the kholders, but the public are intensely interested. If Mr. Gould will order his “lieutenant” to farnish a full and complete statement, embracing in detail the receipts and ex- penses of the company’s business since May 31, 187 together with the receipts from sales of assets an ships, and how the sums thus roalized have been dis- bursed, the public will have a much better basis from which to derive a satisfactory solution of the problema than that furnis! by Mr. Scott's prediction of the fa- ture. In the absence of any such statement from the ‘management’ in @ few days I propose to furnish you with a carefully prepared comparison of the company’s. assets and liabilities as of May 31, 1873, with those of October 1, 1875, together with a complete list of its. steamers at the respective dates, seoeaduateis AN OUTRAGEOUS TRAMP, Eee the Troy Ti Sept, 29. Ashort distance from West Troy, in the tewn of Witervivet, resides a farmer named Stephen Thoroas, whoso family consists of his wifo and only daughter, Carrie. About four o’clock on Monday evening Mr, ‘Thomas and bis wife drove to iy A some busines: in the old farm wagon, leaving ‘ie, who is about twenty-three years old, to take care of the house in their absence, as sh often done before. About half-past seven o'clock a tall, lank individual made his appearance, Miss Thomas thought he was a tramp, and, being alone, refused him admission. He first coaxed her to open the door, and, when that was of no avail, ¢hought to force it, and throatened to burn the house unless ho was admitted. He finally crept into a window in the rear of the house, Tho young woman uttered a sharp scream, and the next inoment she was knocked down and the rufflan at- tempted an out She struggled bravely and grasped hold of his beard. The rufflan struck her in the face and tried to effect his purpose, She seized bim jr and he for mercy, and, notwith- is unmerciful treatment of hi her, In the jostle with the bravo girl a printer's rule fellout of his pocket, Her father returned a few minutes after, and, with the neighbors, scoured the surrounding country for the ruflan, Miss Thomas had two of her front teeth broken and got one of her eyes blackened and sustained severe bruises on the head and face, in addition to having ber clothes all torn, THE LAST TRAMP, [From the Cincinnati Commercial. } She brougbt him a vest and a pair of breeches in an- swer to an appeal for old clothes, for he was very rag- ged. She thought they would fit comfortably. ex amined both garments attentively, and, throwing them down, “There ain't nO watch pocket nor 20 hind pocket for a pistol,”