The New York Herald Newspaper, March 16, 1872, Page 4

4 NEW YUKK HERAL SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1872.--TRIPLE | tne oor on tne Tarif dill, claimed (ho coooguttton ‘ul of (he War, but wave survived tho war of the Chair. | enadle us to repeal oticr tixes without Several Senators appeated to Mr, Sherman to ¢ puplic allow Mr, Trumbull to conclude his remarks, Mr. SUBEMAN Said be Was sick ANd Weary Of these LECURSLONA, NULL Said this was nol the frst time | thar the Senator irom Otto haa acted Mm yas war, | Tt that Senator choose to prevent Him trom rerai~ j iy the calummies aud sanders which Rad Geen would ury BOTHER A great and growing Country hike oar: new powers, oxtonding daily ite indy extons within oor OWn \intts and Where Civilization 18 more a ») mmarce Wun Us—ali { ai etease of jus) and proper oxpe CA AM Merease does Mot IndieAte EAA M idieates growth, healin ana CONG RE $s. FINANCES. yr i Speech on the iff by Seu- tor alremdy me © is aNOLHET CaUse OL A NOMINAL InoreAse Of OX e vid BOW he is oO on te wh a he Lore, Ww ' tue 1eyMan. w > even W OW. i WH wiia- Diy COULD v B VEU wyTO, | ub & ta ishing State of the Treasury Hucing vie “hot tos5 that onc per cent HERS Sidee OF ary nombers Of Cor SOA by the wer Pa \y » Muliman case tw is, Me cea ion Surplus, | ice House Of hud wie 112M Dut, More Laan eand tae oth) was Hit vibe 0 over abuse FeAUD AND ALE Httse t ea oe [cont Ot oN SUbSUtates 3 im Line pac OL LOW, , Tobucro and Beer—(oal, Salt aid iron—Tea, Coffee and Suga Whisk Pomarks i WhAC He ar ON Atheion ol ba Ph, @reat ant At 9! an, , ri .| Seevetary of van ay wad omestic ma extour never uetore kLown. Keonomy in Expenditures, Redtetiva of seawonit to apioar has Auer taiog’ es Gra ects: any aa, cae tency of a dimina- iv Increases our . e by the tae crewaed seine mintshes t national d Se ObYL tures Wy Ls 188, eek that the em. me The Joming Change in Rov- enue Raising. Q eapect perio of yea » one-lall of OLE eX: Awer money, (hoy extent of the ina h ua Tye reased 10 OF least the bi | t and of a for the ¢ ame way. peere olanily tuctiou ta Chandler Called to Oder for Un- sat te a corse * but can mentary Langaage. it OM {HARDLY HOVE FOR A BEDUCTION OF SALAL ament ry La sage, ra : A Ayala, We may Peasouably hepe that iid not Wing out of the war will dimitsh the rere My colleague tn the House (Gonerst ni ry ¢ : a | whiel t ae interesting and a#ecura shutemens, OW AIS out of the Laad Lobby im) iin that out 01 the $291,504, aggrozate expe 5 Ae, CiLANDLE W tiat vhe mu. 8 for ine ast $175, 545,140, or G24 the diouse, taves of the é been von ni of the whole, ard divectly fo o; \ y since the begiuming of 8 ROW IN, tut OF ewer The 4 | : iauriy, wave inpulations OL the Treasury estiwated: for a prob: | Geom cst uh coveriag up Hubon ot aes xpenses, bute mus: *, ' {0 plat We are op, Now , t st MASS O efeat of tk ald andi St. | eee ee oe es rein ONNAGUIDATRD CLAIMS H such | #POWENY out Of the War, Wien are now wnder Cx: Croix Bul tuputalion mpiaution, andl amounts of which wil a | Sennior questionsMy be allowed, aud enter into out ox. eee from. ih peqgiiures (or irs (o come. ‘Phe geeat uss ‘ ol our expenaitures, probably ove y pereeut Wasi inion, Maven 15, loT, VINANCI AL OW FG CONNIE. pictic the STRAW nem The unflaished business, tie Tariff bill, was then | salurtes of p army aad navy, (dich teoaties, all hese are, in effect, beyond Mr. Rawsny, ep.) Of Mian., irom pie Vormanit igs aud ne probability. of diminutte St, asd have On Post Viices, reportod tae Heuse Dil paunisuing Me. SUMRMAN, (rep) OF Olt, aldresseg Lhe Seuute air e reforms whiel tk adopted by fine and tmprisonn pariies centracttag to 88 iollows:— ae lie eee ACO ANG aeeanone si ' of > d the: a oponir e Uavate oa tuts ditt " a wronter reduction of (axes than ts v carry the mails and then fi or refusing to} In opening the Wevato om this Hilti wilt nerhaps Toy to uo, 1 then, pod the estimates of carry oul the contract, wii simondi the be InOst agreeable Ly tie Semale tuat 1 state the facts | ine 1 “asury bit the sum of eb of the Dill 1s Lu break up ihe sys rey @§ toour dmancial condition that caavle us now, tor Haag Tat a wil ty axl tu nee: the Intorest : since the 2 of Vaal of the public debt, the pension ist and the ether Mite ie seca OES SMO WA, IRRCEIE LOn age pondiiures of the government, Vo tis Mr. Hieencock, (tep.) of Nel, intradnged a bul | Tete the (axation imposed on the poople of the | muse ded such furtier sum as by a& Wise pub- granting the rishtot way wo tw b Nortieen | United States, and t will also stave Une general prine | lic policy ought ty be applied to the reduction oF the OL this SUM US Is set ap putic debt, So ruc! 'Y, 1802, and July 14, 157 he act of Febru: asa sinking aad is NOt open to discussion, ciples upon Witten tae reducuons of ty are based, Xe! proposed eitiy taxes would Reierred to the 1k yhe detaiis as to Mir. WHtsON, (rep.) OF Macs, Meteora abu ven’ fav beyone vy par and fond Consists OF Wo tleims—namely, one per e ot dispose af Like inilioa’y Feser Muliod ae ort Siniti, ESTAR Sear DOU On a ie. BME ROS Hanae the agavegate debt, or $22,896,080 and ike ipterest Arkansas, Referreu to the Committee on Munaty properly statet from time to de 43 how cupital of the sinking fund, whielt ATO ea rikikin at bith: | the debate plorresses. Xes ready repealed next year Will be $5, 78%). or oun ag: JWARGE AGAINST SENATOR (RUMGCLI , 4 rowan 7,200 ere; ©: eer . Bided $252,000, 000, ur reveuugs sill largely ex- | grewate oF 670,203, Tits sum increasing year Mr. GRUABULL, (tep.) Of dle, LO5€ LOW Perse Tied Soe Our revenues stilblargely ox- | frre iy spectically. pledged ww tho reduvtica of ceed our expenditures, We are justified by several causes tn continuing the repeal ol taxes. The taxes | ( that remain yield largely more than the «ame taxes piueaica, aBd seit to Lic frow & Wastungion Leter in ti published bi dastings, Mc tobe youu R yuu of the public obligkuion “as the payin terest of the debt, Wuother a greater sum shall be “Prumoult had ilegatly poc ed & $10,009 fea "4 appiled to MeArdic case, in Te supreme Court, having D 1a former years, and more tian was estimated , TAP RBDUUTION OF THE DEBT employed to represent the Cuitod States by Lr by the most nguine person, Lie produe- | 4s purely a question of public pole here 13 not duit Jounsou, and charging Lact svuleou von of the country has iargeiy increased — uow the same motive tor a rapid ExXtinciion of the the ainpeachmeat (ai Wis Mifuenced by Utis fee, Tndusiry in almost every departncul has been ac. | debt as tormerty, Stace the close of the war we were Wud Galliag 10) a InVvesOgaliom lato Lhe duaticr Ly tively and busily eniploye . ‘the conswapuoa of | paying interest ut the raic of 7 &10 percent. We ure scale. our peopie, Which under our system of taxation ig | could Seil ouv siX pe? Ceul Londs only at a large dise Sit, LRUMBTLL sald he only noticed this now be- Cause lio Understood hat Was au vilicer or Me gov cmeily tne basis of taXaitou, has by tye prosperity of our ludustty been largely wicreascd.” At the same time the national count debt winch it was ciearly ine pubite poitey to pay ; off rather tian ta swell the tunded debt. Even our the auinor of Mas Leiter pumedt, aud bad bees die Bugated Lo MAKE bie ACK MY a memoer Of Lists EXCUNDICURES AKT. DIMINISHING | liquidated debt was hirgely iu demand, or otner bods. some time — slice the Seudtor ivoi — ony financial condition is improving mM every p. | short time habiliies, Our currency was so far de- Chaudier) lad ofieced a - tucular. We are slewiy but sure! LtiboUt COnLr: preciated as toadect the pubiic creait In all the he Comuitcee od Kewencuinent won gr expansion, by the incr ee duly Senater Mud, Undex cover of — paper money approaching a spevi¢ The vy ouberwise, ilegally reecived moner | it restor our debt is duly diminishing py the pav- ‘ Ke new . meni of the pubile debt and the reauction of tre dWformauou Upon | rate ol mnierest om that Which remains, All iese unexampied. We can borrow. readily at tive per Was Based Was uot favorable circumstances enable us lo approach tie — cent. and are now negotiz fing for a still lowgr rate, sursher reduciion of taxes With more system andiu- Ail our six per cent ponds, Including the great mass Jormation than formerly, aud, Lirust, wiih the sin- | of our indebtedness, are ‘ cere desire to make the reducuion tinsuch a way as to | ABOVE PAR IN GOLD, Yield the largest possiie relief to our people, ‘The aud await our pleasure os to the time of payment, only questions are, iow much and what taxes o1 ‘The doating debt is all paid, except that wiich is to be repeaicay Let me lirst state now the subj | Utigated aad disputed, All onr demand labtities DOW coines beiores Us. On the Lith ol Marci, 13) ave pata, except a balance of three per ven certiti- the House of entatives passed three bili cates, whic are being gradually paid. Our cur- Dill Lo repeal Lie duty On Coal, a OIL to Yeveal the rency approximates the specie standard, and the uses of our Inoney markets of the world, .since the Close ot the lite wav the change is wonderiul, Since the commencement of President Grant’: administra: es ttou the maprovement of our financial condition 13 1 tals Lewspaper futaisin@d by haan » CHARDE! , hep.) Of Mich., said he certamly Senutoy in his imina’s eye when A tic resolution re d to, He dad seem & bill made out oy Ue Senator from Hl Duis charging $10,000 ior his servicu’ la the $09,000 of 1b bad been paid by Mr, Stauton aid $1,000 by Dis successor, UCReral Kawlins, fle lad dexica lo b vhetier (Mis Mouey had Veen wa. prop ed, oud as Lo aly etter daving bec | duty on salt and a bili to repeal the duiy on teaand — governinent is strong cnough to resume specie pay- Wrikten wl 113 LEYUESi, IL Was AOL 80. | coffee. ‘The dunes thus proposed for repeal yreied ; Ments at any moment, the time beng only a fue Mr. TRUMBUTI—I Co LOL mean at your-request, | lust year 1,0)+,000, ‘The Committee of Finance — tion of domestic policy, as it effecis debtor and but whether by reason ol any conversation you way Dave hin Me. CHANDLER could not aaswer as to that; he | could vot say he had lad any conversation itu correspondents or sot, Mr, (RU NBULL—L. 1b should torn out on a siates | Ment of the jacis that Audrew Jouuson, Who was opposed to the Reconstruction acts, dial nob Ginploy me; that the constitutionally of tae Keconstricuon acts Was luvoived lu the decision in ity Acule ys; that his Atioiwer General ito argue the McAidle case; ual he (Mr. Trumbuil) Was in Cousequence em- | ployed NOT BY ANDREW JOHNSON, but by General Grant aid Mr, Stanton; that in the McArdle case and the Georgia cas2 were Involved the greatest ques lons—qnesilous involving the very | Was Of the opinion that these bilia, except IN CONNECTION WITH THE WROLR SUBIRCT of revenue reduction, Ou the i2th of April, 1871, it Was not wise to consider creditor, proiucer and consumer, ‘The banking | 6¥SLem 1s 80 generuily distributed that 1 iuen uniform currency, aud only awaits the mand the ge roient vw maintain it al par with gold , aud: silver, Our sireagih, Our resources and our iidelity to pubiic engagements have been dem- oastrated. No unnatural sirain upon our resources s how hecessary to enable us to full our pubiic engagements, 0 resume specie payments, or to mdiy tuud our debt at lower interest, But we have a traditional policy, uniformly maimtained in time of peace, founded upon reasons and sup- poried by the adyice of ull thé eminent statesmen of our conniry, that provision Gught to be made une wilt, UW not interruptea by war, pay of the pub- ¢ del WITHIN THE LIFE OF A SINGLE GENFRATION. mmittee on | or about thirty years. ‘bis we can now easily do ace Of the couulry—cases Which were argued e recess, dtd examine im detail | and yet at each Congress repeal aud reduce taxi lor several days; wat Mr. Stauton fumsel!, ‘erent taxes imposed by our revenue law: The Committee on kinances concluded that io opposition to the wishes of President | and agreed upon amendments to bota the tari | $50,000,000, including the siuking fuud provided oy Johason employed counsel to Vanna the govern | and internal reveuue taws, But, in reporting to the | law, shouid be applied to the reduction of the debt, ment. What would be thougut of the motive tuat | Senate our action, we had to consider the power of | and that this um, aaded to the $273,025,773, or the culd insert and puvlisi euch & stalement as this: | the Sonate over revenue vills. The powers of the it the Senate might know and the country migut | two houses over revenue bills are regulated by Koow way he appeured in the case, he Wout ask | atticle 1, section 7, clanse 1, of the constitution of for ihe reading o1 the ioliowing ao the United States, as foilows:— i LETPE FROM GRANT, All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of | eleulents of uncertainty. Internat revenue, based He then sen: to the desk to ve read a letter daced | Reprerwntatives; mat ire Senate may proyose or conenrwite | UpOR consumption aid customs duties on such Wat Departinent, January 8, 3, addressed tu beu- endments, as on other bills, articles a4 ica, sugar and coftce May be compuied ‘rumoull and sigved by General Grant, as | yhis provision has often Leen the subject of con- | with reasonable certainty, But the results of any rate Y ac interim, that | troversy betweeu the two houses. We had inree , OC duty on the great body of texule and metallic the department desired to engage his service: | bills Of the Honse, with unquestioned power to pro- | fabrics 18 proverbiaily uncertain—an overflowing @ppear in the Supreme Court im ine Mcardice @ puse amendments to either of them. It was clear | teasury being itself an evidence of excessive m- and stating that tie Attorney Gencral Would uot | that ff the House proposed to repeal or modily cer- | portation—which may cause within a single year a Gppear for the governmout. It will be observed | tain taxes th2 Senate could prupose instead to re- : deficiency of revenue. Titls can only be guessed at tant wais letter is Cated January s, 1368, and the | peal or molly other iaxes. But as ali the tuxes | bY & careiul study of trade, and the most sagactous articles of Impeachment again-t President Johnson | proposed jor repeal by the House were customs du- | Merchanis sometimes wreck them tortunes by & ‘Wore not prepared until the iatter part of Februar | les the question arcse nether We could as amend. ‘Inistake ip this inatter, A long period of time Mr. ‘IRUMBUL!. aiso submitted a letter from Atto! Inents propose tie repeal of internal taxes, The | #lews, as 4 general result, aD aunuitt nog General Stanberry, dated ecember 31, 1867, LO | parliamentary law as Well a3 the practice here. | INCREASE OF REVENUE FROM THE SAME TAXES the Secretary Of War ad imurin, stating that he | totore setuéd thus question im the affirmative. ‘ihe , Of about four per cent per annum. Tiis increase (the Atiorney General) did not propose to appear iy | subjects are germaue to each other. They are both as been less subject to violent changes wita our Ue McArdle cuse, and suggested the bropriety of | bills tor raising the revenue. The distinction 1y | Paper currency wan with specie payments, Again, empivving counsel for ibe government, OnJan- | only as to the subjects aud mode of taxation, | the effect of the repeal and reduction of taxes nas Wary LL, 1868, he (Ar. Lrumbull) replied Lo the letter | The House has itself repeatedly connected ihe | alWays boen over-cstimated, The decrease of a tax of Generai Grant, iufurming him that ue would | two m one bil, and notebly se in the act rarely produces a corresponding decrease of the appear lor the government in the MoArdie case ex- | passed wwo years ago. The modification of one Tevenue, in some cases causing an mercased im- Pressing @ desire to have vilier Counsel associated Compels 1 moditication of the other. The logic of | Portation of the foreign fabric and a falling off In ‘WIth Lin, and that he would, aban early day, con- | the subject matter compels us to consider the whole the domestic fabric, in some cases causing an in- ter with General Granton tie subject. subsequently revenue when proposing lo reduce either form of | creased consumption of the article, Since the 1st after General Grant gave up the War Department | taxes, Still, to avoid all possible dispute, the Com- Gay of duly, 1867, to this time, the re- aud Mr. Stanton agai tous possession, having had | mittee on Finance thought it advisable, while con- & consultation with bot Ol thera, he, on | sideriag the Whouie subject of taxation, to counae the 22d of June, 1868, addressed a le.ter to Mr. Car- their penter—not then a Senaior—asking Ats assisiance {| the Senate passed the following resolution: — Resolvel, That the Committee on Finance fs heveby in- | ari ( Con :te etitly ea! J during the reeeas ot Concress el examine ton by the Untied States, with a Mencmenis to the bills of the House of 8, 1epealing certain taxes gow pending in the implify, revise and reduce hoth the mternal Jes on imported yoods now In force, and £0 that the agurezate of cuch taxes jot exceed the ‘sun re- quired to execute the laws Fela ic debt ana to | pay the concurrent expenditures of the zovernment, admin- isiered with the strictest ecosomy, and so that such taxen may Le uistvibited ay to impose the least possible burden upon the people. | sum of $823,025,773, should be the basis of our | revenue reduction. % | In estimaiiug the revenue for the next fiscat year, {| especially from customs duties, we have several S follows:—In_ the fiscal year 186s, in the fiscal year 1369, $186,048,420; 1m UN 1870, $194,603, 274; in the fiscal scar IS7i, $ $164.404,500; AMENDMENTS TO CUSTOMS DUTIES, In tne case, baving been authorized by Graut | and to offer Wiese amendments to one bill rather | OY aD anatial increase of over $10,000,00. and Stauton to retain him, Mr. Carpenter | uian to three. Tae amount of customs revenie pro- , Mg this period ctisiom duties were repeaicd which came to Washington aud spent several | poxbd for repeal by the Mouse substantially con. | Yiclded $20,000,000 per annum, Lt Is LOW apparent Weeks, perliaps @ inonth, on the case. | forms to the amonnt proposed by the Senate, The | Wat the custom duties for the current year will ther He then submitted a ieiier trom Secretary Stanton eed those Of last year, and House will, no douot, in due time pass a bill to re- | Is no Ci 23, 1863, Gesinieg lin to appear for the | auce internal (axes, When the Senate can propose mw That this imcrease Will pot continue cnt in the Georgia case. ‘these papers , its amendmen debate, however, we must ext fiscal year. ‘The receipts trom cus show conciusively that be had no contract what- | consider the 1 as a whole and mus’, y Of July, 1871, to the ist of gover with AMUrew Jonson, but tbat he was en | mittiva batten waged by » UESERAL ORANT AND SECRETARY STANTON The whole country Knows that Andrew Johnson O@ntertuined views ennrely antagonistic to those be | (Mr. Trumbull) was empioyed to defend. He then i fead the resolution of Congress empowering te Secretary of War to employ counsel in certain cases. Congress appropiiated $50,000 to enable tno Secretary of War to uciend parties in causes in whica terelore, consider how much revenue we can dis- | months, pense wiih and What taxes ought to be repealed or inodified. Since the close of the war it was ibe highest public policy to maiutain our revenue largely in excess of our expenditures, for a large | nated | surplas tevenue was not only useful to pay un- | from ecustoms for the next year 2,000,000, but liqaidated debt, but was of great importance in re- | ton the basis of te Existing law we may amy establishing our public credit, in improving our | estimate them at $26,003,000, The internal currelicy aud in reducing the rate of interest. But | revenue for the next fiscal year, upon the dasis of the ume has now arrived when we can safely re- | the existing law, 1s estimated al $119,.00,000, as [ole the fiscal year th egrewate res 6,061,519. ¢ Four imontis ago the cepts Wil be f Secretary of the Treasury estunated the receipts the United States was interested, it appropriated ir revenues to var" - | lowss— weveral inillion dollars to carry out the recomstruce Susser ct the adhere dicen bene hem A VISCAL FORECAST. ton acts. This newspaper letter charged that not GOVERNMENT, ECONOMICALLY ADMINISTERED, Spirits, $59,000,000; tobacco, $5,000,000; fer- oniy he but the ofcers who empioyed him, General | the interest of tie public debt and such additional | mented ‘Iquors, $8,500,000; banks and bankers, Grapt, 1s liable to punishment; ‘but the acts re- | gum as it may seem to be good poltcy-to apply on | $5,900,000; gi $5,200,000; adhesive xtamps, ferred 8s pronibiting the employment of | the principal. The expenditures during tie last | $15,000,000; penaities, $000,000; articies and occu- members of Congress, had no application | fiscal year, ending Jane 30, 187), including interest, | pations formeriy taxed bul now exempt. $5,0,000, whatever to this case, ana, even if they had be superseded Wa subsequent statutes, the law. ‘ia renee to the employment of members of Con- made an express exception, which authorized ‘Tuial $110,590,000, Were $292,177,188 25; for the current val year oeedma ’ Mea Er Tor thee deat |. Wie estimate does not Include the residuum of the (partly estimated), $293,405, 92; for the next Secal year (estimated), $213, 025,773 99. ‘These sums {i xclude the sinking fund aud all payments on the m to oT either for | principal of the debt. ‘The net receipts of the gov- | or agai 1e Unibet md tad tie Was such @ | erament during the last fiscal year, ending June 30, statute as 18 Cl Would clearly apply te | 1871, were $3 for the current fiscal which will come into the Treasury during the next fiscal year and wili make good fully the estimate of the Secretary of Une Treasury of $120,000,000. We have then the proceeds of th General Grant, let not the (estimated), $459,000,000, The actuareurplas | and miscellaneous sources of revenue estimated at ( INSTIGATORS OF THESE ee hte: 2 we forthe year ending June 8), 1871, was , $21,000,000, making al aggrenate revenue Bauirm from the position im Which they lave Diacea 91,148,776: for the current fiscal year (partiy esti- | jor the next = tiseal year ol 090,000, themselves, TPey say it 18 a fine field for investiga. | Diated), $71,794,001; for the next fiscal year (eau. | Customs, $226,000,0)0; internal enue, ‘ion; then let them investigute General Craat. oes Tuated), $85, 14, 126. Fah toss pablic lands, $3,000,000; uiiscellaneous, 18, Quy one beiteve they will do it, now that itis found RECEIPTS IN EXCESS OF REVENUE 000,000—-total, $375,000,000 Upon niy estimate, where the investigation will lead? No, sir. No | ‘The question arises how far the coumeres of ex- | o: $06%,000,000 on tile estimate of the Secretary of aay pos] en wiih by ae coxenene me Rt oy Ma ve increased by additional appropri- | tle Treasury, or Ly id hed ts ae age Ned on ny his | ¥ by Congress, It is not probabie that apy | estimate, or $86,000,000 On that Of the Secretary o. hole quicker than will the author of this artivie | material change will be made in tie aggregate aD | the Treasury, Tt thus appears upon the principles when he discovers that it 1s General Grant whoin lie 1s striking at, and whco | say the author I do not mean tue person Who signed his name to the arti- cle, but the instigator of it le reiterated that he had appeared in these cases Dy request of those wio were most earnest in the Gesire tor tne conviction of President Jonson. He | of expenditures tor the next fiscal year, as come was paid by them, and the senator from Wisconsin | pared with this year, of over twenty million dollars, (Carpenter) would bear testimony that the fee was | or, compared with last year, o1 over nineveen mile Propriavions for the current Ascal year, while our current receipts are largely in excoss of the esti Inates. This is caused to some extent by the impor- tation Of goods in place of duty patd woods de. stroyed by the fire at Chicago, Tue! estimate of the Secretary of the Treasury contemplates a reduction I have stated, and upon estimates that necessarily involve uncertainty, that aiter applying $50,000,000 Upon the public debt we stil will have A SURPLUS REVENUD of $59,005,000, Fifty miilions,they, is the extent of our revenue reduction for this session. Low shall this reduction be distribuled among te Ob, ects of taxa- tion’ In what mode Will the greatest relie! be given to the peopie of the United States’ Shail this large reduction be made the occasion of the entire re Vision of the principies upon witich our revenue laws are based’ or shall we repeal or reduce ihe most burdensome taxes, loaving dndisturbed the xed vy the Secretary of War inmself. lion dollars; but this is explained mainiy by the THE AUTHOR OF THIS LETTER ! exclusion from the estimates of the premium paid | hails from Michigan. He holdsa place under this | on bonds and the premium received on gold, wiih government, The article eh in @ Michigan | balance each other. Thege estimates are based upon i Rewspaper. The Benate and the country can draw | appropriations required by existing laws, eneral pring ? UWelr own conclusions when taking all thts, in side WORK FOR THE PRUNING KNIFE, or tue ace of starol& aser commonly ktiowe as the connection with the resolution offered vy the They can bé And ought to he diminished in several | Morritl Tariff pill, our domestic industry has been Senator from Michigan. ‘There Is no doubt that bof td Will be Kept in his official position and | bile service, The aboll- , tie reduction of pub- PROTKOTED FROM FOREIGN COMPETITION by dates on foreign fabrics, mainly specific, but important branches 01 tne, Hon of the franking priv! he wil retail additional slanders now that thia | lic printing, the reduction of the interaal revenue reduced to Kd valorem rt ing@ from gne is Uisposea ‘The morning hour here ex- service, a close soratiny of the pension list, a care. | wenty toeighty per sent, Unter thie praietion Tul jimitation of appropriations for public |uildings | ali brauces of Manufacture have increased in an red, + dite SURMMAN, (FeD,) Of Olio, who Was eutited to 3, ) the devi, and its regular payment 18 ws mucn a part tot the in. | income tax on personal Incomes jor isi, a part of | le of public lands | i) , the production ot coin; we fad 9 vast unliquidated Moaung | | stamp taxes the whole sysiem of | celpis from customs have graduatiy rien, as» | repeal? ' aud 9 aenoral culling OM GF ExDeUd ULES Iual EcoW ; UnDArAlcled degree, Vid iadusiries Dave beem | BOUrCe Of | convince the | Balt, $1,175,587; tea, #8,522,094; collec, $10,969,098; | are | Ported coal is less ‘han one and one-halt continue atthe same rate for | | Again, free coal will nave the same effect upon 1 and new midustrios bave been estab- | Our military aud vaval operations have con noted mainiy by che products of home tn try. We now produce De L textile fabrics nece the superior iaveutto. mM Dies is largoly ma tween th vor id actual cost weudiug proauciions of industry 1s under domestic compcution, neary sid ti some Cases quit low as boLore tie ‘he market value oC all agricultural products has, by ihe div ty of our industry, by the rapid extension of Our railroads, bees maratained ws high anical abrics, while the houte cual machines has lessened urtiaan to Lue rudest form of manual a , ewer ou the tat ime lane, (ae WOrksuop or the ratroad, has beer raaintained at muck higher proporuonad rales bad the ducreased Co-ts or mechameal or agricull:tac productions, Our protective system has drawh to our country & Vast AMY OF INDUSTRIVUS LALORERS, even the high taxes we have been compciled to line | goou tue diference be- 9 and in Lurope, The pose on domestic mdusiry did not duniaish our pro~ du ited by lacreased ton, tor they Were Accomp son foreign products, We may Uneorize a5 we | bul the actual couditioa Gf the country ts the | best eviden that the tnenatrial policy steadily Med by Uo dure toe Wat, und since the has been Consistent with the most rapid pro 4, and las enabied us to meet unexampled (if | OH YEU Has ANEreascd OUT MUpOrts, CUE CX- | tour other revenue. ‘The fear that Ligh , duties would lessen our foreign commerce is met bY | ot our imports $452)875,000 685 | the steady growin it un 1969 were $414,258, ID STL, $55,759,515 32 $415,961,115; 1870, $562,518,551, thus showing a stenly Inc Joreign commerce With a growime balance of trade Inour ayer. We have noe tie Staiisii¢s to den te the apnaal growth of our 1 ternal commerce, we know that us inerease hag been muen but greater (uaa our foreign cominerce, aud is ROW Cx , GL $4,000,900, 000, ocean timated af (he cuorimous sub The taliing of i Our merchant marine op Ut is caused by the substitution of iron vessels hid raile wooden ves'cls, aul, fort Hts COMUICECE, ar OLECIIVE DUTY ON CONFIGN 9 Mf foreign built vessels wore adiaiit eke ! registry, both | edtoriat CUlar ata reasonaric tuty, this would not only ene commage the building of American tron shins, nt Would seoure a heality compet.(taa m our internal ' manutacts SHEET, Saginaw, slich., and at Pomeroy, Ohio, {¢ employs 16,000 persons and $20,000,000 of capital, It is an absolute pecessity of iife, ‘Lis judusiry must be maintained ta war, for our foreign supply would bo Muavertied by any maritime Power. The domestic supply ts ample and the product {3 Cheap, It ts sold in every domestic murket at iss than one cent per pound, Our fishermen, Who must compete with foreigners, ave their sali tu effvot duly free, tor they are paid a drawback oi the duty on all they use, It 13. a Western product, and its production, transportauion aud use repre- sent lavor. Every part of it is labor, The raw brive costs nothing but the labor of purifying. CBYSTALLIGED SALT. It 1s labor tn the formtag of salt, If labor ts to be protecte.: why should lavor-producing salt be ex- There is mow a duty on sale Of etgiitveon OUnds, OF t thaa one-lith of und, if ali textile Gud metallic fabel cloud Wity ob suit’ ids Over Ove miuuvion of dollars, With »90iULC Gertaiity. lf you Look to Gs proiy wvor, what «tly gives protection ey i a the duty on salty ‘The duty on Bale es add lo tits cost ob ihe article on the sea coast, buat does not aifect sthe price ta the West; butil ies abe to be levied ouly on articles the mantt ‘of the Gast, how long wil they stand it’ ‘ihe revision of the tari must be treated as a whole; general principles mu t be ap. lied. I special exenfptions from tiuty are applled one article ui domesuc produce they maust be applied to all, We uiay stad upon exemptions ftuin duty on AUTICLES THAT YE CANNOT PRODUCE, bul you cannot stana upon Special exemptions on any aracie H ¥ Woolleus, WL We can tind ought to produce, coal and free salt moan free tron and free YOU Way discrimiauie in rate Ol duty py fuchon and for properly re. the article o a ic is i, DUK, Capacity OL pr ani tor nm You 7 uty, but whe'her you theory or & protective — tarlit. coal and salt are vow artic tree reveaite Bull Chat ariicle 18 the Hptsaed product vl eae tk ‘Ol the dived, Bait Of the bork sis OF Other in for the farmer, and all of the: 1 therefore only Ul tailor, r of Lae mere! gaciuds tat whether we regard Gary on Coal aud sali as a revenue duty or protective duty they out ot to be ens trely ve; amd, therefore, the House bills OUsit ROT to pass, AS To Lae duties on TEA Adv COLFEE, 50. protected by cur | their t piy & Question OF revenue. We , the wistom of Our pros Gamo Produces them, ‘They are of suoh general ted by experience, Linsist | use as to cater wto (he consHuinpiion of every faually sven ly have been & Wise polloy |; in the L states. ‘Lhe dnies on tea, coffee and fon of cur country, No doubt | sugar a J 4 <table 1 unchaagable sources: by tho improved | of reveutiv Glanaies consumed vary less and iteprovipg at our finances. Our , thau any olacy chief articles imporved oy toes must be reduced with (he wants of the public | are bulky Oud eHnbot be casiy siduggied, The But eyory industry Ua Mas been Cuied | duly te speciite auc is cavely evased by fraud, sult existen: our pol c Skilled laborer | they are regarded as necessaries of Iie, “VRe reper whom we fave tavited to ¢ or encouraged | of the a Will jessea bhe Coot to the nsell to a y ry | lent ot the dui realtors HO nO’ ai Liat y pitalet WilO las booed induced by oUt laws LO H brice, © bui { suo re es At 3! his MOLE, sutts, every Imurulet | Uh ihe of ehier ol tess duties village and cht built by reason of ; will ch our protection be munity Of iarmers | me v or or shopkeepers nye industry | sentatives fas 3 sire has been cimployed by veasuu of your policy, may | collee f ty twice passing bills for that purpose, demaad of you that any chanses in your laws | but it is miantions Uat i tds is done we must nade wiih careli! reference to (ue indus- try, Camialand skull thac db beea encoura.ed, invested or employed in the development ot your 1 1 at affect the tndustry of the peo. AvIE AY possible, consistent wiih thal atiouds duman events. Linng that im maklug the reduction of by the Comiutites on kinance, instead ot our leve ve will all agree that 16 should be ing entirely Uke duty on coat, , tea and DONK MIE GREATKST RbLUe { coifee, We propose a large reduction on iim. We | and to injury to any in. | reduce the duiles on lumber, ree, load aad older dustrial wits! ered uitaws. tn th Ge articles, the raw Producis Of ludustiry on wiich the ral acts rediemyg taxes Stace the Clow? of The war tt has been conceit that mterual taxes should f be repealed, they were the product of the war, new, incwuisttovial, reachmg every couaty and hu Tet, and ootlecto’ by onivers of Jaw vrougiat deov of ev hold. dhe worst these tiixes lave repeated, but ticle stil remain spectal fach made il necessary to Keep revenus i of tie Uutled States. ‘uese special Wholesale and retail dealers in spirits, | and beer, also on banks and bankers and Many ol the stamp taxes are imposcad ou | such aricles a3 matches, medt and the like. Others are om tie sule ot prop. nd ob commercial paper, white all of them in- | the employmen; of a multitude of agents ior ie of stamps, residing Mu every county ot the | United States, atacost of five per ceat on ihe saies. Wilie productive, they are ANNOYING AND EXPENSIV® IN COLCECTION, and are, ina muititude of cases, easily evaded, -If the special taxes on spirits, tobacco aid beer can be consolidated with the tax now levied on the manufacture of those articles at the distillery, { brewery and manutactory, aud the special tax on | as and bs: ers are repeaied, we can dispense with | y ol revenue officers and concentrate | the aitention aud surveillance of the internal roy- enue officers to tie places where whiskey, tobacco and beer are mace, If we can dispense with tue foraal taxes Will disappear, except the excise 11 on Whiskey, tobaceo an beer, which, by the common consent | of both producer and consumer, are recognized a3 proper Objects of taxation. ‘Sue tax on the cu | emation and deposits of natonel banks does not enter into our interaal revenue system, rather regarded as the fund from whic! expense of printing the notes and matniaming the sysiem, The excess collected from this tax over | these expenses may properly be reyardea as a re- turn payment for a francluse, ‘This tax Is collected | directly by the ‘Treasurer of the United States and | should be retained. If it is dcemed best to | retain this tax as against other banks aud bankers it may be collecte.t in the same way, and by the aid of the bank exammers. In advance of @ detinite measure dealing with internal revenue I am pre- pared to say, without committing any one else, that Wwe can and ought now to repeal ali internal taxes except on Whiskey, tobacco and beer, and to CONSOLIDATE AND SIMPLIFY THEM. The income tax expires with the collection of the tax of 1871, which on personal incomes is assessed duiing the month. The public mind 13 not yet pre- pared to appiy the only key to a genuine revenue Teform. A fe' ears Oi Jurther expertence will ly of Our people that a system of national taxes which rests the whole burden of tax- ation on consumption, and not one cent on prop- | erty or income, is intrinsically unjust, while the ex- penses Of the national government are largely caused by the protection of property, It 1s but right to REQUIRE PROPERTY TO CONTRIBUTB totneirpayment. It will not do to say that each Person consumes in proportion to his means, [his js not true, Every one must see that the consump. tion of the rich does not bear the same relation to the consumption of the poor as the income of the onc does to the Wages 01 the other. As’ wealth ac- cumulates this injustice in the fundamental basis of our system will be feit and forced upon tne atten. tion of Congress, Then an tucome tax carefully ad- ee With proper discrimination between income ym property ana income from personal services, and freed from the espionage of our present law, Will become a part of ourjsystem, justas such a law, proposed by Sir Robert Peel, after a disuse o! twenty- i five years, Was the basis of Lhe revolution in the | the houses ol ueon every Gounty ti are on a: tonacco on cine ‘Tuey are ; ) to pay tne | TAX SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN. If these changes in our internal revenue laws are made, it will reduce internal taxes $31,500,000, or | from $126,000,009 to $94,500,000; but this reduction oF our taxes will be accompanied by a reduction of our expenditures, of not less thun $2,000,000; and if Lie new regulation as to tie wiiskey tax, should | rove practicable, there will be a much greater re- Guctton. This will leave us a net Joss of revenue of | 29,00),000, and with a margin of $21,000,000 for the | reduction of taruf duties, Upon what articies and Upon What principie shall this reduction be made? The House of Representatives propose to repeal the duties on Coal and sait, articles iargely produced 1a this country, and on teas and coffees, which are not produced in this country, ‘The aggregate duties | collected On these articles wer ‘On Coal, $538,375; In all, $21,006,056, lo repeal, 6,056, or just the amount we are able Why siagle out tuese articles for special COAL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION, The whoie quantity of coal Imported last year was 451,108 tons, The amount of bituminous coal pro- duced in tiis country last year is estimated at 15,000,009 tons, and of antiiractte at 19,000,000 tons, Or an aggregate Of 34,000,000 toms. So that the im. et cent of that consumed, ‘the whole benefit of this repeal would inure to the benefit of Nova Scotia and not toany part of our country, The cost of the pro- ducuon of domestic coal fixes the price, and the only effect of the repeal will ve to raise the price of | foreign coal for the beneft of Nova Scotia miners and jand owners, or more especially for the beneft of American speculators in Nova Scotia. It will nol appreciably inure to the benefit of our von- | sumers, To te precise extent that the repeal ine creases the importation of foreign coal 1t will di- Minish the mining of our own. Vinding our vast market open and free to them they will force the er een in Nova Scotia And divide the proflis vetween their land owners, their miners and their sailors. Our invustry will be diminished to the same extent without benefting our consumers, Nova Scotia that the Reciprocity treaty had in Canada—it will give them the BENEPIT OF OUR MAKKETS WITHOUT THE BURDEN of our taxes On home producers, It will make the annexation of those kindred counties Impossible. Again, it 1s gross injustice not only to our miners but to'our shippers, By the settled policy of our navigation laws no forelgn vessel can carry our coal from Philadelpnia to Boston, but they can from Nova Scotia to Boston. It is aaid a foreign veasel can carry cheaper than. ours. Tus you discriminate in favor of Nova Scotia by allow- ing thelr products to be carried in the cheapest ves- gcis in the World, while our miners must siup im an American vessel. You must repeal your paviga- Uon Jaws before you can make coal fre. The same vessel that carries coal from Nova Scotua to Boston cannot carry domestic coal there, and yet Boston Atthe same moment insists upon the navigation Jaws, and upon the repeal of the duty on coal. Again, so far as the Guty on coal is concerned, Li 18 only claimed that it may slightly reduce the cost of coai consumed noribeast of New York, It cannot affect the prices elsewhere, for without a duty for- eign coal will not be used south or west of New York. Now New England has the benetit of our navigation laws and our duttes protecting their industries, Coal 1s the finished product of the miner as much as cloth is the manusacturer’s, How you con- vince the miner that he should not have the benefit on coal when you demand it on cloth? THE SALT QUESTION, It, Salt is largely produced tn this is chieny the product of in. where = other = manufactur. aoes not exist, The — chief fa at Syracua. N.Y; So with country, It in industry eupolr | destroy | Utude of dutles create expense, | that the reduction pro postpone for tie preset all other reductions of duty, We are compelled to conaiaer wreiier oiner Gules OUgNE not to be modified berve rae purely revenue duty is eatirely repealed, ~ REDUCTIONS VLOPOSED, T now come brielly tO Cansider the measure pro- present dudes ave excessive, Wo larvely add to the {tree ist and propose a reduction ot ten percent sthe: duties of) must. tex. j ile ant metatiie | fabrics. The reduction pose: is $24,507,353, bul we may fairly antiel endug OF EXNEnsCS Such increase of ws wiil reduce the i to te revenue ‘This is not the time for =tating in casons for the great reducti u certain p ic articles, As the debate pi each artucie will be separately considered, and if we err as to details the Senate will correct u. TH CONYESTUNG ATES, Ihave now only to consider the general principles We are met by oppressing theories of p onomy, by theories of protection and by theories of free trade. The object of protecuon is to secure to home madusiry te benefit of the mar- kels of oar own country. ‘ie meaus propoged are high duties on foreign tabrics, witch compete with our own, and low duties, or none ut all, on articles used in manufacturing, The object of free wade 1s to secure an ariicle at the lowest price without. Tegard to the place of production; a revenue tart 18 Incousistent wita the extreme theories of both the free trade and protection schools for foreign arucles is exciuded by rates of duty so high as to give tie home producer the entire market; the revenue 1s das absolutely as if no duty at all were im- This obytous trutu reduces a revenue tariff to a tialter of detau. In determining the rate of duty on any ticle, due Weight must be given to the nature of the article, whether It can or cannot ve produced in this coun. try and wheiler the anty should be higher or lower than the average rate’ retyulsite to produce the | revenue needed. This principle is admirably siated in the report of Robert J. Walker, made m_ it46, iu the innumerable discus. sions on this suhject by diferent commercial nations it vecame obvious that theories and | Maxuns adopted by one nation in fixing the rates of duty were totally inapplicable to another nation by reason Of the difference of climate, soll, produciton, labor and age. Tuis 13 especially trae of Great Britain and the United States, In ail the essential elements whica determine a tart policy we are the EXACT ANTIPODES OF GREAT BRITAIN, Their chief occupation 1s manufactures: ours agriculture. Their chief commerce is foreign; ours is domestic." They produce but little raw material: we produce more than auy otuer nation. Their ex. tent is small; Ours is vast. Theg are very rich; we are not. In Great Britain capital yields the smallest interest: here it yields the highest. There labor low in price and abundant: here it 13 very high. The industry of Great Britain could not survive without ioeign Taw materiai; here we have undeveloped every | Yaw material for all products essential to the hap- eae: and contfort of man, Again, this subject bas 11 80 Olten discussed and acted upon in Congress that we may say that certain principics are settled in the Untted States by the common consent of our people, It 1s settled that our na- tional revenue must in the inture asin the past be mainly collected by duties on imported goods; and as the war has enormously increased our wants, we may as well dismiss to future generations the extreme ideas of free trade and protection, which are alike imconsistent with a revenue tarif. lt 1s fairly setticd that in levying duties at least the average rate of duties will be put upon articles of foreign manufacture that come tnto com- petion with home industry, and that these dutcs will be so graded and classified as to give full inci- dental protection to industries natural to our country, aud for which we have tie 1aw material. it is seltied that, as the aitference between the price of labor in this coun- try and Europe is the chief cause of the difference in the cost or production here and there, that itis not good policy, by permitting too close & competi. tuon between foreign and domestic production, to REAUCE THE WAGES OF AMERICAN LABOR engaged in producing any article essential to our wants below Uhe standard of otuer similar labor in this country. It1s agreed that to secure certainty and to avoid undervatuation that all duties as far ag practicable should be specific instead of at valorem. These principles are the basis of the American system or Protece bi embodied in the act of march, 861, by the new demana for revenue caused by the war, and may now be reduced as these deinands dimimsh; but these protective principles will, I | tue essential foun- Uust, be maintaimced as prosperity. On the dation of our national other hand, it is ecyually settled that there are a multitude of articles im which the trade should be as free as our domestic trade. All yaw productions of nature which are the gift of Providence ought to be free as the hand that gave them; but if they can only be made available by lavor'and yet are abundant 1 our country tne rate of duty should not be higher than the bare difference in the wages Of such labor here and in the place of exportation. There are a great mulutude of articles, the pro- uct of tropical climes, or which for other causes fre not readily produceable here, that ought to be admitted free, or at such moderate revenue rates of duty ag our Wants demand. Where the amount im- ported is small tne article should be free, for a mul- When the quan- tly is large—as tea, coffee and sugar—the ouly question should be whether the tax proposea is less burdensome than other taxes imposed. As this Class of articles enter largely into the con- sumption of all, it has been the general policy of this country to admit them FREE OR AT LOW DCTTBS. We taxed them heavily during the war for purely revenue purposes, We reduced these taxes two years ago, taxes coilce, but we are not yet thelr entire repeal. I come now to consider the duties imposed Ontextile and metailic fabrics, ‘These constitute the great bulk Of foreign fabrics that come into com- petition with the domestic fabrics, It 1s said the present duules are not too high; that under them our industries are prosperous, labor is weil pald, and that if the dutles are undisturbed domestic competition will reduce prices as as increased foreign competition 80; that any change disturbs the business of the couniry by deterring new enterprises and re- duces the Wages of labor, Un the other hand, it must be remembered that the present duules taken together are far in the excess of what they ever were before the war, that they have beeu thr times lorgely increased since the passage of the Morrill tariffact of 1861, After @ careful oxamina- tion in detail of all the duties, and the industries attected by them, it does not. appear sed will seriously affect them. During the war these duttes were increased to counterbalance the internal taxes levied upon domestic Industry; the last shred of these internal taxes Will now be repeated, and no article of do- domestic industry will be taxed but WHISKEY, TOBACCO AND BRER. Uur Manuiacturers have now to compete with their rivals with no disadvantage but higher pri Jabor, and this is met by a duty of from thirty- ond to ono hundred per cent, or an average duty on if Whole list of filty per cent, This-very_ bill Ls ae or reduces duties on raw materials for Son : fabrics iully equal to the reduc iW b ten per cent on the finished — product, This is —_actmitted to be go as to WeUr jnlusirics, Tho general Uitine of of the nd now propose to reduce further ie tea a Ifyou look for | ‘The rates of duty have been much increased | burdens of tnternal taxation ana the repeat of the {ax on raw materiala will enable our home industey to euler into a fatrer competition, Shall, then, the roiecuion duties be maintained without duainu ion when al! internal taxes are repealed? When raw material aro admitted free or at reduced duties? when our curreno; is appreciated nearly to the gold standar 4 when the preacnt duties are not nceded for the fap ort of the goverament? Wili the producers in othoe orms of idusiry consent v0 tie matntenance of | excessive rates of duty on mechanical fabrics? The | Tesull of such duties is to secuie to mechanical im- Such excessive ei ceases to diversify production, but ie cashes LABOR IN1O PROCKCTED ENPLOYMENTS, If the present scales of duty wore high enousm during And since the war, when home industry was burdened witu Leavy taterual taxes, with stamp axes, income taxes and high duties on raw mater tals, then surely they are now wo higif when all the taxes are removed in@ controversy like tus be- tween opposing theories, The highest wisdom Olten lies between them, Wuue proteciiug Lome industry we ought notin any case levy so hign a duty as to excinde the foreign fabric, out levy suck auly 44 will secure falr but LOt excessive Wages, and such @ compeltion between the forcigu and domesti¢ fabrics as will secure to the consumer the lowest prices consistent with the maintenance iu our country of all the industries for Wiuck we have Cqual natural taciiiiies, We must hot compel Our laborers to compote with the POORLY PAID LABOR OF ECROPK, but we ought not by our protecucu laws secure them higher wages than can be ed in Kindred employments, Another series of causes is stowly but steadily operating in favor of American lapor. ‘The labormg men of rope, bY Lrade aesocitiivus, by laws prolitating the euiploymcnt of minors and women, 200 limiting the number of apprentices, are raising the general rate ol wages among iy VUnrisuiaga nations. This is especially sv iu Great Sriiain, Lt ts adding to the cost of torcign produs- tlon and operales a8 & protection to our domestic labor. For tnese reasons, and many others thas Will be piabed in the Course Of Lae debaig, ihe Com- miii¢e on Finance was of the opinion that now, when so Many axes are ropesied, there ouvht4o be @ general reduction of the duties on texuie and metailic labiics, and that Lids. reduolion should be at the rate of ten per cent, whica ts apout tne rate of the aggregate of the renetion of tare duties, We expect WW encouliter the Opposition of those who favor (he muinveaauce of the highest duties on forcigu compeung fabrics, and of those who would ABRUPTLY DISTURB OUR INDUSTRY by suddea and radical reduction of duues to what they term a free trade standard, and perhaps boti classes of opposition will unite in repealing the Purely revenue duty on tea and collec, if Luis 1 done we can repeal no Other taxes with saicty to the public service, and } will then vote for striking out the ratable reduction on textile and metalild lavrios, | Such, sir, are the genera! features of this bill. | will end as I commenced, with the congratulation that we are able so soon again to throw ol burdcom cheerfully ussuimed by our people DULING THE GREAT CLYIL War, No man can candidly review the dangers we lave passed, the dificulties we have overcome, the burdens we have borne, and the succvs: growth and prosperity that attended us ami all our diMocuities without a reverent feeling of thanktuiness to Almighty God. Our honorable name aud adimiited rink among the nations of the esrit, the general intelligence aud comfort of our people, the rapid spread of our civilization over the Western platns, the diversity of our industry and the vast Increase of our productions—ail these are accom. pu results, Which, if properly preserved and utilized, Will realize the highest good that can be derived from human goverament, Mr. Scozt, (rep.) ot Pa., followed in support of his amendment offered yesterday to make teu and coftec tree, Ho also made a long argument 1 favor of protection to home industry as necessary for the security of American workmen and the develop- meat of the resources of the country, wnoen he spoke of the degraded and sufering condition of the Engitsh operatives as compared with ours. Mr. LDMUNDS, (rep.) of Vt, 10 llustration of the argument, read tue lollowing extract from a lectuce by John Ruskin:—“Thongh England is deafened with spinning wheels her peopio fave not clotnea; thongn sne is black witu the digging of fuel they die of cold; and though she was sold her soul tor gain they die of hunger.” Mr, ScorT finished ais argument and then cailed for the yeas and nays on his amendment to p.ace tea and coftee on the treo list, when Mr. Ferry, (rep.) of Mich., by nnanimous consen¢, called up the House bill extending the time for tae completion of the Portage aud Lake Superior Canal, ‘Which was passed, Mr, WILSON called up the bili to authorize the President to appolut a payoaster general in tue army. Passed. Mr. CorbErTT, (rep.) Of Oregon, asked to take up the bill authorizing the Postmaster General to settle, on eguitable principles, the claun of C. M. Lock. { wood, of Oregon, a mail contractor. Several Scna- tors objected, and Mr, TRUMBULL hoped the Senate would never pass another bill to allow the Postmaster General to settle a mail claim on equitable principles. They had had enough of thay in the Chorpenning case. Mr, Logan, (rep of Il, called up the bill to enable honorably discharged soldiers and sailors and their widows to acquire homesteads on the pub- Itc lands ol the United Sates, Waen the senate ad- journed until Monday. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, WASHINGTON, March 15, 1872, RAILROAD MONOPOLY, Mr. SCOFIELD, (rep.) of Pa., by unanimous consent, offered a resolution, wiich was adopted, instructing the Commiitee on Com- merce, in carrying out tne resolution of the 24th of January, directing certain inqutries concerning injuries to commerce by reason of Taliroad combinations or monopolies, to inquire Particularly into the nature, extent and objects of an alleged combination of railroad interests known as the Southern improvement Company, designed to contro: all the avenues of transportation from the Oil region in Pennsylvania to the seaboard, to the oppression and injury of the producing classes. THE GLOBE REPORTS, Mr. BEATTY, (rep.) of Ohio, Chairman of theUom- mittes on Printing, made a statement in refercace to reporting and publishing the proceedings of Con- gress in the Globe, and in reply to an article pub- lished by the Lok Sindee he sald that the committee had 1a eal @ bill which would provide perma- nently for reporting and publishing the proceédin, and which would reduce the expense $150, a year; but the proprietors or the Glode were not satisfied with that, and were lobby- ing on the foor and appealing to the sympathies of members, in order to get the Mouse to pass, under @ suspension of the rules, on Monday, the Senate bill, which would give them $76,000 m He asserted that it the puolishera themselves if they had been compelled to vorrow money to carry on the business; it was because they would not agree to any lair and reasonable terms, but wanted more compensation now than they had ever received, THE WISCONSIN LAND GRAB. The House then resumed consideration of the Sen- ate vill to extend the time to the State of Wisconsin e ompilete aroad from Lake St. Croix to Luke ju rior. ir, KETCHAM, (rep.) of N. Y., who reported the bill, belong entitied tO an hour to close the debate, divided the time between the friends and opponcate of the bill, Messrs, STRONG, (rep) of Conn., and BuTLer, (rep.) of Mass., replicd to the point made yesteruay by Mr. Conger, as to the old States having received all the public lands within their limits, and the now States having received uone, except by special rants, . Mr. STRONG spoke of corporations of cormorants haunting the halis of Congress, and sald that u any- thing wouid revive the aemocratic party it would be 118 presumed opposition to laud grants and ihe presumed support of them by the republican pari Mr. DUNNELL, (rep.) of Miun., supported the biil, and called attention to the fact that although the Committee on Publio Lands approved the Senate bill tho management of the bill was in the hands of an cnemy ofit. The chairman of that commitise (Hay, of Ilinois,) wanted his constiiuenis to know that under the rules of the House only two minutes’ time was granted to him to oppose the bill, He reasserted that the State of Wisconsin had received more land In rau- road grants Wan the three States of Onto, Inciuua and Illinois, But the reason of that patent (for alt ofit had not been taken oul) Was because the mo- dy owning it Wanted Uy slink the taxes. He referred to the statement of one of the Maine Seng tors—tnat the most extraordinary chapter in Ameri- ore legislation was the laud grant legisiation of Coa gress, PAPER AGAINST PAPER. ‘ Mr. HOLMAN, (dem.) of Ind., sent up to the Clerk's desk and had read @ very numerousiy signed petl- on of workmen agatnst the land grant m. Mr. DUNNELL layed, amid much laughter, @ poe phe and sumerogely snee petition ta favor of rom act Mr. RANDALL, dom.) of Pa, argued against the billana defied tue production of any resolution ta any RL a Cea abel te that Was not opposed to r ran Pat MrhONG “aad that twenty democratic mem. bers would vote for this Dill ana twenty more would ites itin tod cloak rooms. (Laughter.) ite Es said he could not help that, rato spall mendment requiring the State or Woronsia to refund all mopeys recelved from tim- ber cut aud gold on these lands, or from stumpage Or penalties frou treapassor®. ir. TYNER, (rep.) Of Ind., opposed the bill, and tn reply to an tatimation by Mr. Dunaell that Indiana wanted the House to pass the Senate bil granting to that State-the land reclaimed from Beaver Luk stated that that bill Was nol in the interest of the poopie of indiana, but in the interest of swindlers. Mr, HAZLETON, (rep,) of Wis, adyocated the bill, nd dwelt upon the point that its deteat would inure to the benefit of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, the greatest monopoly in the country, Phe discussion was closed by Mr, STEVENSON, (rop.) of Onto, In opposition to the bili. the proposed road was not needed; that tt was @ mere speculation in the interest of speculators living in St. Paul, and who wanted to BUILD AT THE NATIONAL EXPRNS r & rival road to one already built ai the nattonal ew pense, These lands were worth $15,000,000. Ac+ cording to the estimate of the chairman of the Comuittce on Public Lanas they were among richest timber lands in the couniry or in the world, and would built the read twice over, The voud t Tle argucd that * %